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Energy harvesting is possible through capable energy transfer materials, and one such impressive material is graphene, which has exhibited promising properties like unprecedentedly high theoretical surface area, enhanced electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, mechanical stability, flexibility, recyclability, and so on. Herein, for the sake of everyone desirous of contributing to the field of graphene materials for high-speed energy storage devices, the fundamentals, analytics, synthesis, prospects, and challenges of energy storage cell design for fast charging of electric vehicles have been reviewed. To overcome the limitations of mechanistic models for energy-storage devices, empiricism conjointly with data-driven machine learning has been quite effective in multiple domains. The limitations in modeling of energy storage devices, in terms of swiftness and accuracy in their state prediction can be surmounted by the aid of machine learning. Conclusively, in the context of energy management, we underscore the significant challenges related to modeling accuracy, performing original computations, and relevant big data generation. This review, by dint of its futuristic insights, will help researchers to develop digital twin approach for sustainable energy management using energy storage technology toward dependable, economic, and scalable optimization processes at the multiple stages of energy conversion and energy management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The affordability and accessibility of electrical data related to microgrids and active distribution networks (ADN) have significantly improved due to smart digital relays with advanced communication capabilities. These relays can communicate with each other and central protection systems. Due to data accessibility a machine learning (ML) based module is proposed. This module predicts both fault type and location within an IEEE 34 bus active distribution system featuring distributed generations. To design this module, current measurements are retrieved from five specified bus locations and further Fast Fourier Transform is applied for feature extraction. The feature creation method is much simpler without any complexity. These features are further used for ML module's training. Practical ADN operating conditions are considered when curating the training dataset. Weighted K-nearest neighbors are used for fault type prediction and linear regression is applied for fault location estimation and they are proven to be superior to other ML approaches. The obtained results show high accuracy and reliability in predictions, making these modules suitable for ADN protection. They also exhibit robustness against input measurement noise, ensuring consistent protection in various operating scenarios. The ADN is simulated in SIMULINK 2020a, and ML modeling is done using MATLAB 2020a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]