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This research aims at studying the ability of using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for discriminating or classifying coal samples into different ranks. Spectral characteristics such as the shape of the spectral profile, slope, absorption intensity of coal samples of different ranks ranging from lignite A to semi-anthracite were studied in the Vis-NIR-SWIR (350-2500 nm) range. A number of classification algorithms (Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and SVM) were trained using the DRS dataset of coal samples. Class imbalances present in the dataset were handled using different approaches (SMOTE and Oversampling of minority classes), which improved the classification accuracy. Coal samples were initially classified into broad classes viz., lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, and anthracite with an accuracy of 0.98 and F1 score of 0.75. Later, the same samples were further classified into sub-class levels. The sub-class level classification also obtained good results with an accuracy of 0.77 and F1 score of 0.64. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of rapid coal classification systems based on DRS dataset in combination with different machine learning-based classification algorithms., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study rigorously examines the pressing issue of dump slope stability in Indian opencast coal mines, a problem that has led to significant safety incidents and operational hindrances. Employing machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), the study aims to achieve a scientific goal of predictive accuracy for slope stability under various environmental and operational conditions. Promising accuracies were attained, notably with RF (0.98), SVM (0.98), and DT (0.97). To address the class imbalance issue, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) was implemented, resulting in improved model performance. Furthermore, this study introduced a novel feature importance technique to identify critical factors affecting dump slope stability, offering new insights into the mechanisms leading to slope failures. These findings have significant implications for enhancing safety measures and operational efficiency in opencast mines, not only in India but potentially globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a novel cloud-based remote and real time monitoring and control scheme has been developed for a manufacturing process named friction stir welding (FSW) to avoid occurrence of weld defects. This model acquires data from multiple sensors associated with the FSW machine and transmits them to the cloud. The signals are analyzed and processed in the cloud in real time through various signal processing and machine learning techniques. The model provides a feedback to the machine regarding the desired controlled parameters to achieve an improved weld quality. This is an example of Industry 4.0 where a manufacturing process can be controlled in real time from any location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]