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Start Over Author "Janes S.M." Topic lung cancer
5 results on '"Janes S.M."'

1. Streamlining staging of lung and colorectal cancer with whole body MRI; study protocols for two multicentre, non-randomised, single-arm, prospective diagnostic accuracy studies (Streamline C and Streamline L)

Author

Taylor, S.A., Mallett, S., Miles, Anne, Beare, S., Bhatnagar, G., Bridgewater, J., Glynne-Jones, R., Goh, V., Groves, A.M., Janes, S.M., Koh, D.M., Morris, S., Morton, A., Navani, N., Oliver, A., Padhani, A.R., Punwani, S., Rockall, A.G., Halligan, S., and National Institute for Health Research

Subjects
Patient experience, Positron emission tomography, Lung Neoplasms, Staging, Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Whole body magnetic resonance imaging, lcsh:RC254-282, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, psyc, Study Protocol, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Whole Body Imaging, 1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Prospective Studies, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Computed tomography, Neoplasm Staging, Science & Technology, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Colorectal cancer, Oncology, Patient Satisfaction, METASTASIS, Lung cancer, Colorectal Neoplasms, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract

Background and aims Rapid and accurate cancer staging following diagnosis underpins patient management, in particular the identification of distant metastatic disease. Current staging guidelines recommend sequential deployment of various imaging platforms such as computerised tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) which can be time and resource intensive and onerous for patients. Recent studies demonstrate that whole body magnetic resonance Imaging (WB-MRI) may stage cancer efficiently in a single visit, with potentially greater accuracy than current staging investigations. The Streamline trials aim to evaluate whether WB-MRI increases per patient detection of metastases in non-small cell lung and colorectal cancer compared to standard staging pathways. Methods The Streamline trials are multicentre, non-randomised, single-arm, prospective diagnostic accuracy studies with a novel design to capture patient management decisions during staging pathways. The two trials recruit adult patients with proven or highly suspected new diagnosis of primary colorectal (Streamline C) or non-small cell lung cancer (Streamline L) referred for staging. Patients undergo WB-MRI in addition to standard staging investigations. Strict blinding protocols are enforced for those interpreting the imaging. A first major treatment decision is made by the multi-disciplinary team prior to WB-MRI revelation based on standard staging investigations only, then based on the WB-MRI and any additional tests precipitated by WB-MRI, and finally based on all available test results. The reference standard is derived by a multidisciplinary consensus panel who assess 12 months of follow-up data to adjudicate on the TNM stage at diagnosis. Health psychology assessment of patients’ experiences of the cancer staging pathway will be undertaken via interviews and questionnaires. A cost (effectiveness) analysis of WB-MRI compared to standard staging pathways will be performed. Discussion We describe a novel approach to radiologist and clinician blinding to ascertain the ‘true’ diagnostic accuracy of differing imaging pathways and discuss our approach to assessing the impact of WB-MRI on clinical decision making in real-time. The Streamline trials will compare WB-MRI and standard imaging pathways in the same patients, thereby informing the most accurate and efficient approach to staging. Trial registration Streamline C ISRCTN43958015 (registered 25/7/2012). Streamline L ISRCTN50436483 (registered 31/7/2012).

Published
2017
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2. Predicting histopathological features of aggressiveness in lung cancer using CT radiomics: a systematic review.

Author

Cheng, D.O., Khaw, C.R., McCabe, J., Pennycuick, A., Nair, A., Moore, D.A., Janes, S.M., and Jacob, J.

Subjects
*TUMOR-infiltrating immune cells, *EAST Asians, *LUNG cancer, *RADIOMICS, *CANCER patients
Abstract

To examine the accuracy of CT radiomics to predict histopathological features of aggressiveness in lung cancer using a systematic review of test accuracy studies. Data sources searched included Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from up to 3 November 2023. Included studies reported test accuracy of CT radiomics models to detect the presence of: spread through air spaces (STAS), predominant adenocarcinoma pattern, adenocarcinoma grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumour necrosis, in patients with lung cancer. The primary outcome was test accuracy. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion and assessed methodological quality using the QUality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. A single reviewer extracted data, which was checked by a second reviewer. Narrative data synthesis was performed. Eleven studies were included in the final analysis. 10/11 studies were in East Asian populations. 4/11 studies investigated STAS, 6/11 investigated adenocarcinoma invasiveness or growth pattern, and 1/11 investigated LVI. No studies investigating TIL or tumour necrosis met inclusion criteria. Studies were of generally mixed to poor methodological quality. Reported accuracies for radiomic models ranged from 0.67 to 0.94. Due to the high risk of bias and concerns regarding applicability, the evidence is inconclusive as to whether radiomic features can accurately predict prognostically important histopathological features of cancer aggressiveness. Many studies were excluded due to lack of external validation. Rigorously conducted prospective studies with sufficient external validity will be required for radiomic models to play a role in improving lung cancer outcomes. • Histopathological features of lung cancer aggressiveness correlate with prognosis. • CT radiomics represents a method of predicting these features prior to treatment. • Radiomics shows modest accuracy in predicting these histopathological features. • However, most included studies had high concerns for risk of bias. • Future larger and higher quality studies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Hesitancy around low-dose CT screening for lung cancer.

Author

Dickson, J.L., Horst, C., Nair, A., Tisi, S., Prendecki, R., and Janes, S.M.

Subjects
*LUNG cancer, *EARLY detection of cancer, *MEDICAL screening, *HESITATION, *SURVIVAL rate, *PULMONARY nodules
Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The absence of symptoms in early-stage (I/II) disease, when curative treatment is possible, results in >70% of cases being diagnosed at late stage (III/IV), when treatment is rarely curative. This contributes greatly to the poor prognosis of lung cancer, which sees only 16.2% of individuals diagnosed with the disease alive at 5 years. Early detection is key to improving lung cancer survival outcomes. As a result, there has been longstanding interest in finding a reliable screening test. After little success with chest radiography and sputum cytology, in 2011 the United States National Lung Screening Trial demonstrated that annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening reduced lung cancer-specific mortality by 20%, when compared with annual chest radiography. In 2020, the NELSON study demonstrated an even greater reduction in lung cancer-specific mortality for LDCT screening at 0, 1, 3 and 5.5 years of 24% in men, when compared to no screening. Despite these impressive results, a call to arms in the 2017 European position statement on lung cancer screening (LCS) and the widespread introduction across the United States, there was, until recently, no population-based European national screening programme in place. We address the potential barriers and outstanding concerns including common screening foes, such as false-positive tests, overdiagnosis and the negative psychological impact of screening, as well as others more unique to LDCT LCS, including appropriate risk stratification of potential participants, radiation exposure and incidental findings. In doing this, we conclude that whilst the evidence generated from ongoing work can be used to refine the screening process, for those risks which remain, appropriate and acceptable mitigations are available, and none should serve as barriers to the implementation of national unified LCS programmes across Europe and beyond. • LCS with LDCT in high-risk individuals reduces lung cancer mortality. • LCS has been introduced in the United States, but few unified, national LCS programmes are in place across Europe. • Barriers to the widespread implementation of LCS in Europe are well documented with appropriate mitigations available. • Necessary research is underway across several European counties to address existing barriers and optimise practice. • Existing barriers should not serve as reasons not to implement national, unified LCS programmes across Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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4. Allele-Specific HLA Loss and Immune Escape in Lung Cancer Evolution

Author

Nicholas McGranahan, Rachel Rosenthal, Crispin T. Hiley, Andrew J. Rowan, Thomas B.K. Watkins, Gareth A. Wilson, Nicolai J. Birkbak, Selvaraju Veeriah, Peter Van Loo, Javier Herrero, Charles Swanton, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Seema Shafi, Justyna Czyzewska-Khan, Diana Johnson, Joanne Laycock, Leticia Bosshard-Carter, Pat Gorman, Robert E. Hynds, Gareth Wilson, Stuart Horswell, Richard Mitter, Mickael Escudero, Aengus Stewart, Andrew Rowan, Hang Xu, Samra Turajlic, Crispin Hiley, Christopher Abbosh, Jacki Goldman, Richard Kevin Stone, Tamara Denner, Nik Matthews, Greg Elgar, Sophia Ward, Marta Costa, Sharmin Begum, Ben Phillimore, Tim Chambers, Emma Nye, Sofia Graca, Maise Al Bakir, Kroopa Joshi, Andrew Furness, Assma Ben Aissa, Yien Ning Sophia Wong, Andy Georgiou, Sergio Quezada, John A. Hartley, Helen L. Lowe, David Lawrence, Martin Hayward, Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos, Shyam Kolvekar, Mary Falzon, Elaine Borg, Teresa Marafioti, Celia Simeon, Gemma Hector, Amy Smith, Marie Aranda, Marco Novelli, Dahmane Oukrif, Sam M. Janes, Ricky Thakrar, Martin Forster, Tanya Ahmad, Siow Ming Lee, Dionysis Papadatos-Pastos, Dawn Carnell, Ruheena Mendes, Jeremy George, Neal Navani, Asia Ahmed, Magali Taylor, Junaid Choudhary, Yvonne Summers, Raffaele Califano, Paul Taylor, Rajesh Shah, Piotr Krysiak, Kendadai Rammohan, Eustace Fontaine, Richard Booton, Matthew Evison, Phil Crosbie, Stuart Moss, Faiza Idries, Leena Joseph, Paul Bishop, Anshuman Chaturved, Anne Marie Quinn, Helen Doran, Angela Leek, Phil Harrison, Katrina Moore, Rachael Waddington, Juliette Novasio, Fiona Blackhall, Jane Rogan, Elaine Smith, Caroline Dive, Jonathan Tugwood, Ged Brady, Dominic G. Rothwell, Francesca Chemi, Jackie Pierce, Sakshi Gulati, Babu Naidu, Gerald Langman, Simon Trotter, Mary Bellamy, Hollie Bancroft, Amy Kerr, Salma Kadiri, Joanne Webb, Gary Middleton, Madava Djearaman, Dean Fennell, Jacqui A. Shaw, John Le Quesne, David Moore, Apostolos Nakas, Sridhar Rathinam, William Monteiro, Hilary Marshall, Louise Nelson, Jonathan Bennett, Joan Riley, Lindsay Primrose, Luke Martinson, Girija Anand, Sajid Khan, Anita Amadi, Marianne Nicolson, Keith Kerr, Shirley Palmer, Hardy Remmen, Joy Miller, Keith Buchan, Mahendran Chetty, Lesley Gomersall, Jason Lester, Alison Edwards, Fiona Morgan, Haydn Adams, Helen Davies, Malgorzata Kornaszewska, Richard Attanoos, Sara Lock, Azmina Verjee, Mairead MacKenzie, Maggie Wilcox, Harriet Bell, Allan Hackshaw, Yenting Ngai, Sean Smith, Nicole Gower, Christian Ottensmeier, Serena Chee, Benjamin Johnson, Aiman Alzetani, Emily Shaw, Eric Lim, Paulo De Sousa, Monica Tavares Barbosa, Alex Bowman, Simon Jordan, Alexandra Rice, Hilgardt Raubenheimer, Chiara Proli, Maria Elena Cufari, John Carlo Ronquillo, Angela Kwayie, Harshil Bhayani, Morag Hamilton, Yusura Bakar, Natalie Mensah, Lyn Ambrose, Anand Devaraj, Silviu Buderi, Jonathan Finch, Leire Azcarate, Hema Chavan, Sophie Green, Hillaria Mashinga, Andrew G. Nicholson, Kelvin Lau, Michael Sheaff, Peter Schmid, John Conibear, Veni Ezhil, Babikir Ismail, Melanie Irvin-sellers, Vineet Prakash, Peter Russell, Teresa Light, Tracey Horey, Sarah Danson, Jonathan Bury, John Edwards, Jennifer Hill, Sue Matthews, Yota Kitsanta, Kim Suvarna, Patricia Fisher, Allah Dino Keerio, Michael Shackcloth, John Gosney, Pieter Postmus, Sarah Feeney, Julius Asante-Siaw, Hugo J.W.L. Aerts, Stefan Dentro, Christophe Dessimoz, TRACERx Consortium, Swanton, C., Jamal-Hanjani, M., Veeriah, S., Shafi, S., Czyzewska-Khan, J., Johnson, D., Laycock, J., Bosshard-Carter, L., Rosenthal, R., Gorman, P., Hynds, R.E., Wilson, G., Birkbak, N.J., Watkins, TBK, McGranahan, N., Horswell, S., Mitter, R., Escudero, M., Stewart, A., Van Loo, P., Rowan, A., Xu, H., Turajlic, S., Hiley, C., Abbosh, C., Goldman, J., Stone, R.K., Denner, T., Matthews, N., Elgar, G., Ward, S., Costa, M., Begum, S., Phillimore, B., Chambers, T., Nye, E., Graca, S., Al Bakir, M., Joshi, K., Furness, A., Ben Aissa, A., Wong, YNS, Georgiou, A., Quezada, S., Hartley, J.A., Lowe, H.L., Herrero, J., Lawrence, D., Hayward, M., Panagiotopoulos, N., Kolvekar, S., Falzon, M., Borg, E., Marafioti, T., Simeon, C., Hector, G., Smith, A., Aranda, M., Novelli, M., Oukrif, D., Janes, S.M., Thakrar, R., Forster, M., Ahmad, T., Lee, S.M., Papadatos-Pastos, D., Carnell, D., Mendes, R., George, J., Navani, N., Ahmed, A., Taylor, M., Choudhary, J., Summers, Y., Califano, R., Taylor, P., Shah, R., Krysiak, P., Rammohan, K., Fontaine, E., Booton, R., Evison, M., Crosbie, P., Moss, S., Idries, F., Joseph, L., Bishop, P., Chaturved, A., Quinn, A.M., Doran, H., Leek, A., Harrison, P., Moore, K., Waddington, R., Novasio, J., Blackhall, F., Rogan, J., Smith, E., Dive, C., Tugwood, J., Brady, G., Rothwell, D.G., Chemi, F., Pierce, J., Gulati, S., Naidu, B., Langman, G., Trotter, S., Bellamy, M., Bancroft, H., Kerr, A., Kadiri, S., Webb, J., Middleton, G., Djearaman, M., Fennell, D., Shaw, J.A., Le Quesne, J., Moore, D., Nakas, A., Rathinam, S., Monteiro, W., Marshall, H., Nelson, L., Bennett, J., Riley, J., Primrose, L., Martinson, L., Anand, G., Khan, S., Amadi, A., Nicolson, M., Kerr, K., Palmer, S., Remmen, H., Miller, J., Buchan, K., Chetty, M., Gomersall, L., Lester, J., Edwards, A., Morgan, F., Adams, H., Davies, H., Kornaszewska, M., Attanoos, R., Lock, S., Verjee, A., MacKenzie, M., Wilcox, M., Bell, H., Hackshaw, A., Ngai, Y., Smith, S., Gower, N., Ottensmeier, C., Chee, S., Johnson, B., Alzetani, A., Shaw, E., Lim, E., De Sousa, P., Barbosa, M.T., Bowman, A., Jordan, S., Rice, A., Raubenheimer, H., Proli, C., Cufari, M.E., Ronquillo, J.C., Kwayie, A., Bhayani, H., Hamilton, M., Bakar, Y., Mensah, N., Ambrose, L., Devaraj, A., Buderi, S., Finch, J., Azcarate, L., Chavan, H., Green, S., Mashinga, H., Nicholson, A.G., Lau, K., Sheaff, M., Schmid, P., Conibear, J., Ezhil, V., Ismail, B., Irvin-Sellers, M., Prakash, V., Russell, P., Light, T., Horey, T., Danson, S., Bury, J., Edwards, J., Hill, J., Matthews, S., Kitsanta, Y., Suvarna, K., Fisher, P., Keerio, A.D., Shackcloth, M., Gosney, J., Postmus, P., Feeney, S., Asante-Siaw, J., Aerts, HJWL, Dentro, S., and Dessimoz, C.

Subjects
Male, immune-editing, 0301 basic medicine, DOWN-REGULATION, immune-escape, Lung Neoplasms, Loss of Heterozygosity, Cohort Studies, Loss of heterozygosity, HLA Antigens, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Chromosome instability, MUTATIONAL PROCESSES, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, Antigen Presentation, cancer evolution, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, bioinformatics, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Female, loss of heterozygosity, SENSITIVITY, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Adult, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, chromosomal instability, Antigen presentation, Locus (genetics), NEOANTIGENS, Human leukocyte antigen, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, copy number, medicine, Humans, Lung cancer, Aged, Science & Technology, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/mcrc, CTLA-4 BLOCKADE, Cell Biology, 06 Biological Sciences, medicine.disease, PD-1 BLOCKADE, neoantigen, lung cancer, 030104 developmental biology, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy, HLA Antigens/genetics, HLA Antigens/immunology, Lung Neoplasms/genetics, Lung Neoplasms/immunology, Lung Neoplasms/pathology, Lung Neoplasms/therapy, Mutation, Tumor Escape, heterogeneity, TRACERx Consortium, DISCOVERY, CELLS, Immunology, RESISTANCE, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Immune evasion is a hallmark of cancer. Losing the ability to present neoantigens through human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loss may facilitate immune evasion. However, the polymorphic nature of the locus has precluded accurate HLA copy-number analysis. Here, we present loss of heterozygosity in human leukocyte antigen (LOHHLA), a computational tool to determine HLA allele-specific copy number from sequencing data. Using LOHHLA, we find that HLA LOH occurs in 40% of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and is associated with a high subclonal neoantigen burden, APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis, upregulation of cytolytic activity, and PD-L1 positivity. The focal nature of HLA LOH alterations, their subclonal frequencies, enrichment in metastatic sites, and occurrence as parallel events suggests that HLA LOH is an immune escape mechanism that is subject to strong microenvironmental selection pressures later in tumor evolution. Characterizing HLA LOH with LOHHLA refines neoantigen prediction and may have implications for our understanding of resistance mechanisms and immunotherapeutic approaches targeting neoantigens. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Published
2017
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5. Non-small-cell lung cancer resectability: diagnostic value of PET/MR

Author

Fraioli F., Screaton N. J., Janes S. M., Win T., Menezes L., Kayani I., Syed R., Zaccagna F., O'Meara C., Barnes A., Bomanji J. B., Punwani S., Groves A. M., Fraioli F., Screaton N.J., Janes S.M., Win T., Menezes L., Kayani I., Syed R., Zaccagna F., O'Meara C., Barnes A., Bomanji J.B., Punwani S., and Groves A.M.

Subjects
PET/MR, TNM staging, Lung cancer, Non-small-cell lung cancer
Abstract

Methods: Fifty consecutive consenting patients who underwent routine 18F-FDG PET/CT for potentially radically treatable lung cancer following a staging CT scan were recruited for PET/MR imaging on the same day. Two experienced readers, unaware of the results with the other modalities, interpreted the PET/MR images independently. Discordances were resolved in consensus. PET/MR TNM staging was compared to surgical staging from thoracotomy as the reference standard in 33 patients. In the remaining 17 nonsurgical patients, TNM was determined based on histology from biopsy, imaging results (CT and PET/CT) and follow-up. ROC curve analysis was used to assess accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the PET/MR in assessing the surgical resectability of primary tumour. The kappa statistic was used to assess interobserver agreement in the PET/MR TNM staging. Two different readers, without knowledge of the PET/MR findings, subsequently separately reviewed the PET/CT images for TNM staging. The generalized kappa statistic was used to determine intermodality agreement between PET/CT and PET/MR for TNM staging.Results: ROC curve analysis showed that PET/MR had a specificity of 92.3% and a sensitivity of 97.3% in the determination of resectability with an AUC of 0.95. Interobserver agreement in PET/MR reading ranged from substantial to perfect between the two readers (Cohen’s kappa 0.646–1) for T stage, N stage and M stage. Intermodality agreement between PET/CT and PET/MR ranged from substantial to almost perfect for T stage, N stage and M stage (Cohen’s kappa 0.627–0.823).Conclusion: In lung cancer patients PET/MR appears to be a robust technique for preoperative staging.Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of PET/MR in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Published
2015

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