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The emerging demand for the fabrication of nonlinear optical materials with high limits of optical power is obvious in nonlinear optics due to their wide application in photonic devices. We report the linear and third-order nonlinear optical properties of Ag-doped CdWO 4 nanorods and their dependence on Ag-doping concentration. CdWO 4 nanorods with different Ag concentrations were synthesized by the chemical precipitation method and characterized by UV–Vis absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Photoluminescence and its lifetime studies, X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The introduction of Ag ions has led to an increased redshift in the CdWO 4 absorption spectra extended into longer wavelength bands, thus enhancing optical absorption within the visible range. The XRD pattern showed that the nanorods crystallized in a monoclinic wolframite structure. The incorporation of Ag in CdWO 4 decreases the luminescence emission intensity due to surface quenching effect. Luminescence lifetime measurement reveals the longer decay lifetime for Ag-doped CdWO 4 nanorods due to the reduction of density of defects and deep trap state. The nonlinear optical behaviour of the nanorods was investigated by an Open aperture Z-scan technique at 532 nm using pulsed wave Nd: YAG laser. Experimental results showed that reverse saturable absorption is responsible for the observed nonlinearity in the nanorods. The addition of Ag can significantly improve the nonlinear absorption coefficient and optical limiting effects of CdWO 4 which can be used as a potential material in nonlinear optical devices. (a) Open aperture Z scan traces & (b) optical limiting curves of Cadmium Tungstate (CdWO 4) nanorods. [Display omitted] • CdWO 4 nanostructures with various concentrations of Ag were synthesized through the Chemical method. • Ag-doped CdWO 4 nanorods possess longer Luminescence lifetime due to the reduction of defects density. • The nonlinear optical behavior of the nanorods was investigated by an open aperture Z-scan technique at 532 nm using pulsed wave Nd: YAG laser. • Two photon absorption (2 PA) followed by reverse saturable absorption (RSA) is responsible for the observed nonlinearity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]