Descriptor: "Lonomia" / Topic: lonomia - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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122 results on '"Lonomia"'

1. Hemorrhagic erucism due to Lonomia spp. in Peru – A call for action

Author: Edgar A. Ramírez García, Maria José Valentina Canchanya-Olimar, Mariana Rojas del Águila, Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita, Andrés F. Henao-Martínez, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Luis A. Marcos, Juan C. Celis Salinas, and Martín Casapia Morales
Subjects: Lonomia, Lonomism, Caterpillar, Erucism, Peru, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Envenomation due to exposure to caterpillars is an emerging public health problem. A life-threatening bleeding diathesis has been described in South America after exposure to Lonomia obliqua or L. acheolus. Deforestation, forest degradation, and global warming might increase the frequency of human exposure to these insects. Prompt recognition and administration of antivenom are crucial to ensure a favorable outcome.
Published: 2024
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2. Hemorrhagic erucism due to Lonomia spp. in Peru – A call for action.

Author: Ramírez García, Edgar A., Canchanya-Olimar, Maria José Valentina, Rojas del Águila, Mariana, Agudelo Higuita, Nelson Iván, Henao-Martínez, Andrés F., Franco-Paredes, Carlos, Marcos, Luis A., Celis Salinas, Juan C., and Casapia Morales, Martín
Abstract: Envenomation due to exposure to caterpillars is an emerging public health problem. A life-threatening bleeding diathesis has been described in South America after exposure to Lonomia obliqua or L. acheolus. Deforestation, forest degradation, and global warming might increase the frequency of human exposure to these insects. Prompt recognition and administration of antivenom are crucial to ensure a favorable outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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3. Accidente Lonómico: Reporte de dos casos.

Author: Fernanda Arango, María, García Agudelo, Lorena, Jovanny Vargas, Ledmar, Patricia Sierra, Alina, Carolina Silva, Diana, del Pilar Aldana, Paula, and Daza Tavera, Leider Yesid
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Published: 2022
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4. Acute kidney injury caused by venomous animals: inflammatory mechanisms

Author: Naila Albertina de Oliveira, Simone Cristina Cardoso, Dulce Aparecida Barbosa, and Cassiane Dezoti da Fonseca
Subjects: Envenoming, Venom, Inflammatory process, Snake, Lonomia, Scorpion, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Toxicology. Poisons, RA1190-1270, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract: Abstract Either bites or stings of venomous animals comprise relevant public health problems in tropical countries. Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by animal toxins is related to worse prognostic and outcomes. Being one the most important pathways to induce AKI following envenoming due to animal toxins, inflammation is an essential biological response that eliminates pathogenic bacteria and repairs tissue after injury. However, direct nephrotoxicity (i.e. apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms of toxins), pigmenturia (i.e. rhabdomyolysis and hemolysis), anaphylactic reactions, and coagulopathies could contribute to the renal injury. All these mechanisms are closely integrated, but inflammation is a distinct process. Hence, it is important to improve our understanding on inflammation mechanisms of these syndromes to provide a promising outlook to reduce morbidity and mortality. This literature review highlights the main scientific evidence of acute kidney injury induced by bites or stings from venomous animals and their inflammatory mechanisms. It included observational, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort human studies available up to December 2019. Descriptors were used according to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), namely: “Acute kidney injury” or “Venom” and “Inflammation” on Medline/Pubmed and Google Scholar; “Kidney disease” or “Acute kidney injury” on Lilacs and SciELO. The present review evidenced that, among the described forms of renal inflammation, it can occur either directly or indirectly on renal cells by means of intravascular, systemic and endothelial hemolysis, activation of inflammatory pathway, as well as direct action of venom cytotoxic components on kidney structures.
Published: 2021
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5. Urine proteomic analysis reveals alterations in heme/hemoglobin and aminopeptidase metabolism during Lonomia obliqua venom-induced acute kidney injury.

Author: Zanon, Pamela, Pizzato, Sabrina Beal, da Rosa, Rafael Lopes, Terraciano, Paula Barros, Moraes, João Alfredo, Beys-da-Silva, Walter Orlando, Santi, Lucélia, Yates III, Jonh R., Passos, Eduardo Pandolfi, Barja-Fidalgo, Christina, Guimarães, Jorge Almeida, and Berger, Markus
Subjects: *ACUTE kidney failure, *LIPOCALINS, *HEME, *CD26 antigen, *URINALYSIS, *HEMOGLOBINS, *HAPTOGLOBINS, *WATER-electrolyte balance (Physiology)
Abstract: • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is lethal in Lonomia obliqua envenomation. • There is a reduction in kidney filtration abilities and hypoperfusion. • Urine proteome reveals an up-regulation of tubular and glomerular injury biomarkers. • Impairment in heme/hemoglobin scavenging system is related to kidney injury. • Imbalance in kinin-angiotensin peptidase system is related to kidney hypoperfusion. Accidental contact with the Lonomia obliqua caterpillar is a common event in southern Brazil. Envenomed victims present consumption coagulopathy, which can evolve to acute kidney injury (AKI). In the present study, we searched for AKI biomarkers and changes in molecular pathway signatures through urine proteomic analysis. Male Wistar rats were injected with L. obliqua venom (1.5 mg/kg, via s.c.) or 0.9 % NaCl and distributed into metabolic cages. After 24 h, urine was obtained, and the set of differentially regulated proteins was analyzed by MudPIT technology in an OrbiTRAP mass spectrometer. L. obliqua venom leads to an increase in urine output and water and electrolyte excretion and to an increase in the albumin to creatine ratio in urine. The proteomic analysis revealed an up-regulation of tubular injury biomarkers, such as neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C, in urine from envenomed rats. Several components related to the heme scavenging system were up-regulated or exclusively identified in urine from envenomed animals. There was an increase in urinary heme levels and hemoglobin subunits, hemopexin, haptoglobin, and biliverdin reductase. Similarly, kinin- and angiotensin-generating/degrading peptidases, such as kallikreins, neprilysin, plasmin, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, cathepsin D, kininogen, and neutral, basic, glutamyl, and acidic aminopeptidases, were also up-regulated in urine. L. obliqua envenomation induced tubular and glomerular injury, probably involving heme/hemoglobin toxicity and an imbalance in the kinin/angiotensin generating/degrading system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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6. Mechanisms involved in the cytoprotective effects of Lonomia obliqua venom on human endometrial stromal cells.

Author: de Almeida Schneider, Raquel, Barros Terraciano, Paula, Zanon, Pamela, Quandt, Letícia, Zanini Gotardi, Debora Helena, Alves Garcez, Tuane Nerissa, Santi, Lucélia, Beys da Silva, Walter Orlando, Sereno Montenegro, Ivan, Yates, John, Almeida Guimarães, Jorge, Pandolfi Passos, Eduardo, and Berger, Markus
Subjects: *CYTOPROTECTION, *ENDOMETRIUM, *STROMAL cells, *RECURRENT miscarriage, *VENOM, *ION exchange chromatography, *EMBRYO implantation, *ANIMAL migration
Abstract: The pathophysiology of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) involves deficiencies in the proliferation and migration capacities of endometrial stromal cells (hESCs), which impair embryo implantation and development. Since animal venoms are rich source of bioactive molecules, we aimed to characterize the cytoprotective effects of Lonomia obliqua venom on hESCs. hESCs were isolated from endometrial biopsies and the mechanisms of L. obliqua venomous secretions on cell viability, proliferation and migration were characterized. Venom components were identified by chromatography and proteomic analyses. L. obliqua venom induced hESC proliferation, viability and migration in a dose-dependent manner, both in the presence and absence of serum. By ion-exchange chromatography, one fraction enriched in cytoprotective components and devoid of hemotoxins was obtained. Venom proteome identified at least six protein classes with potential cytoprotective properties (hemolins, lipocalins, hemocyannins, antiviral proteins, antimicrobial peptides, and protease inhibitors). L. obliqua venom protected hESCs from oxidative insult. Cytoprotection was also related to nitric oxide and PKC-ERK-activation and down-regulation of cAMP-PKA-dependent pathways that control cell proliferation. L. obliqua venom-induced hESC viability, proliferation and migration occurs mainly by protecting against oxidative damage and activating ERK. Thus, L. obliqua venom components are promising pharmacological tools to understand the underlying mechanisms of hESC deficiency in RPL. [Display omitted] • Endometrial stromal cell (hESC) proliferation and migration capacities are deficient in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). • By venom proteomics we identified at least six protein classes able to protect hESCs. • L. obliqua venom components protected hESCs from oxidative insult. • Cytoprotective mechanisms involve nitric oxide, PKC-ERK-activation and cAMP-PKA-downregulation. • L. obliqua venom components are promising tools to understand the underlying mechanisms of hESC deficiency in RPL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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7. Effect of Lonomia obliqua Venom on Human Neutrophils

Author: João Alfredo Moraes, Genilson Rodrigues, Daniel Guimarães-Bastos, Vany Nascimento-Silva, Erik Svensjö, Mariana Renovato-Martins, Markus Berger, Jorge Guimarães, and Christina Barja-Fidalgo
Subjects: Lonomia, venom, neutrophil, reactive oxygen species, Medicine
Abstract: The significant incidence of deforestation in South America culminates in the contact of humans with typical forests species. Among these species, one may highlight Lonomia obliqua caterpillar, which, when touched by humans, can poison them through their bristles. Therefore, better acknowledging the mechanisms involved in envenomation caused by Lonomia obliqua caterpillar bristle extract (LOCBE) may contribute to further treatments. Recently, we demonstrated that LOCBE induces a pro-inflammatory profile in endothelial cells; thus, we decided to investigate the effects of LOCBE on human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), which are the first leukocytes that migrate to the inflammatory focus. Our results showed that treatment with LOCBE induced PMN chemotaxis together with alterations in actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, favoring migration. Concurrently, LOCBE induced PMN adhesion to matrix proteins, such as collagen IV, fibronectin, and fibrinogen. Moreover, we observed that LOCBE attenuated PMN apoptosis and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production together with nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) activation—a redox-sensitive transcription factor—as well as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 release. We call attention to the ROS-dependent effect of LOCBE on increased cell migration once an antioxidant treatment reverted it. In summary, we report that LOCBE activates PMN, inducing pro-inflammatory responses modulated by ROS.
Published: 2021
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8. Lonomia obliqua Envenoming and Innovative Research

Author: Miryam Paola Alvarez-Flores, Renata Nascimento Gomes, Dilza Trevisan-Silva, Douglas Souza Oliveira, Isabel de Fátima Correia Batista, Marcus Vinicius Buri, Angela Maria Alvarez, Carlos DeOcesano-Pereira, Marcelo Medina de Souza, and Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
Subjects: Lonomia, envenoming, innovation, Medicine
Abstract: As a tribute to Butantan Institute in its 120th anniversary, this review describes some of the scientific research efforts carried out in the study of Lonomia envenoming in Brazil, a country where accidents with caterpillars reach over 42,000 individuals per year (especially in South and Southeast Brazil). Thus, the promising data regarding the studies with Lonomia’s toxins contributed to the creation of new research centers specialized in toxinology based at Butantan Institute, as well as to the production of the antilonomic serum (ALS), actions which are in line with the Butantan Institute mission “to research, develop, manufacture, and provide products and services for the health of the population”. In addition, the study of the components of the Lonomia obliqua bristle extract led to the discovery of new molecules with peculiar properties, opening a field of knowledge that could lead to the development and innovation of new drugs aimed at cell regeneration and inflammatory diseases.
Published: 2021
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9. Multiple organ failure caused by poisonous contact with a Lonomia sp caterpillar. Case report

Author: Wilson Hernando Pineda-Amaya and Nohemí Pastrana-Ricaurte
Subjects: Lonomia, Larva, Lepidoptera., Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Introduction: Lonomic accidents have become of great interest as they represent a public health problem in rural communities. These accidents are challenging for health personnel given their multiple associated complications, difficult diagnosis and therapeutic variants. Case presentation: This is the case of a 41-year-old male patient who had contact with a caterpillar of the genus Lonomia sp. He presented with symptoms of bleeding and subsequent multiple organ failure that resolved with the use of antilonomic serum. Discussion: The patient presented with symptoms that progressed to multiple organ failure and associated hemorrhagic syndrome due to the difficulties for diagnosis. He required therapeutic intervention in a primary care institution with subsequent need for treatment in a more complex center considering the deterioration and non-availability of the antilonomic serum. Conclusions: Based on in-hospital medical intervention strategies, the administration of the lonomic serum and the patient’s follow-up through the system, it was possible to confirm the improvement of his health condition and discharge him. It is important to stress the knowledge of the health professionals who treat these cases in rural areas and the availability of the serum.
Published: 2019
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10. Lonomic accident: Report of two cases

Author: Arango, María Fernanda, Agudelo, Lorena García, Vargas, Ledmar Jovanny, Sierra, Alina Patricia, Silva, Diana Carolina, Aldana, Paula del Pilar, and Tavera, Leider Yesid Daza
Subjects: hemostasia, accidente, lonomia obliqua, veneno, lepidóptera, lonomia, hemorragia, hemostasis, venom, accident, lepidopterism, hemorrhage
Abstract: Resumen Introducción: dentro de los insectos del orden lepidóptero, la familia Saturniidae tiene más de 2.400 especies, allí se encuentran Hylesia y Lonomia. Objetivo: presentar dos casos de pacientes con accidente lonómico, el manejo y desenlace para reconocer la importancia de estos eventos en las regiones silvestres de la Orinoquia colombiana. Casos clínicos: paciente de 8 años proveniente de área rural quien refería contacto en región palmar de mano derecha con gusanos quién 48 horas después de dicho contacto presentó equimosis en extremidades, flictena sangrante en talón derecho, cefalea, escalofríos y artralgias, además se evidenciaron tiempos de coagulación prolongados. Paciente de 13 años de características similares a las del caso previamente descrito sin presentar manifestaciones clínicas, pero que presentaba tiempos de coagulación prolongados. Se consideró que cursaba con accidente lonómico por lo que se aplicaron 5 ampollas de suero antilonómico polivalente a cada una sin registrar reacciones adversas. En ambos casos cursaron con evolución clínica adecuada con disminución a rangos de seguridad de tiempos de coagulación. Conclusiones: el veneno lonómico actúa en la cascada de coagulación produciendo manifestaciones hemorrágicas de gravedad variable. El suero antilonómico es el único tratamiento eficaz, a pesar de estar disponible desde hace más de 20 años en Brasil hay un 5% de progresión a síndromes hemorrágicos severos y un 1.5 a 2% de mortalidad. A pesar de tener gran relevancia clínica en las Américas existe subregistro, es importante conocer sus manifestaciones y el manejo para así poder evitar complicaciones mortales. Abstract Background: among the insects of the order Lepidoptera, the family Saturniidae has more than 2,400 species, there are Hylesia and Lonomia. Objective: to present two cases of patients with lonomic accident, the management and outcome to recognize the importance of these events in the wild regions of the Colombian orinoquia. Clinical case: an 8-year-old patient from a rural area who refers to contact in the palmar region of the right hand with worms for more than 48 hours, presents ecchymosis in the extremities, bleeding flictena in the right heel, headache, chills and arthralgias. Clotting times are performed which are prolonged. A 13-year-old patient who also referred contact without presenting clinical manifestations but presenting prolonged clotting times. They are considered to occur due to a lonomic accident, so 5 ampoules of polyvalent antilonomic serum are administered to each one without registering adverse reactions. They have an adequate clinical evolution with a decrease in the safe ranges of clotting times. Conclusions: the lonomic venom acts in the coagulation cascade producing hemorrhagic manifestations of variable severity. Antilonomic serum is the only effective treatment, despite being available for more than 20 years in Brazil, there is a 5% progression to severe hemorrhagic syndromes and 1.5 to 2% mortality. Despite being of great clinical relevance in the Americas, there is an underreporting, it is important to know its manifestations and management in order to avoid fatal complications.
Published: 2022

11. Severe Hemorrhagic Syndrome After Lonomia Caterpillar Envenomation in the Western Brazilian Amazon: How Many More Cases Are There?

Author: Santos, João Hugo A., Oliveira, Sâmella S., Alves, Eliane C., Mendonça-da-Silva, Iran, Sachett, Jacqueline A.G., Tavares, Antonio, Ferreira, Luiz Carlos, Fan, Hui Wen, Lacerda, Marcus V.G., and Monteiro, Wuelton M.
Subjects: CATERPILLARS, HEMORRHAGE, PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of venom, ANTIVENINS, ANIMALS, BITES & stings, INSECTS, MOTHS, SYNDROMES, THERAPEUTICS
Abstract: Contact with Lonomia caterpillars can cause a hemorrhagic syndrome. In Brazil, Lonomia obliqua and Lonomia achelous are known to cause this venom-induced disease. In the Brazilian Amazon, descriptions of this kind of envenomation are scarce. Herein, we report a severe hemorrhagic syndrome caused by Lonomia envenomation in the Amazonas state, Western Brazilian Amazon. The patient showed signs of hemorrhage lasting 8 days and required Lonomia antivenom administration, which resulted in resolution of hemorrhagic syndrome. Thus, availability of Lonomia antivenom as well as early antivenom therapy administration should be addressed across remote areas in the Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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12. Hemorragia intracraneal como presentación de sindrome hemorragico severo por lonomismo sistemico

Author: Johan Azañero-Haro, Marie Ruiz-Gonzáles, André Alcántara-Díaz, and Alonso Soto
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, biology, Acute Renal Injury, business.industry, erucismo, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, erucism, síndrome hemorrágico, hemorrhagic syndrome, Lonomia spp, medicine, Coagulopathy, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, lepidopterism, business, lepidopterismo, Lonomia, General Environmental Science
Abstract: The accidents caused by the larval stages of the Lepidoptera are known as erucism. Accidental contact with caterpillars of the genus Lonomia spp. can trigger hemorrhagic syndromes that in severe cases can lead to acute renal injury and intracranial hemorrhage. We present the case of a 48 year-old male from Peruvian Central Jungle who while was working in the forest comes in contact with a caterpillar, after which he developed an hemorrhagic syndrome characterized by coagulopathy and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The clinical picture resolved satisfactorily after administration of antilonomic serum. The pathophysiological, clinical and laboratory aspects that led to the diagnosis are discussed, as well as the reported effectiveness of treatment. Los accidentes causados por los estadios larvarios de los lepidópteros se conocen como erucismo. El contacto accidental con las orugas del género Lonomia spp. puede desencadenar síndromes hemorrágicos que en casos severos puede llegar a producir injuria renal aguda y hemorragia intracraneal. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 48 años procedente la selva central del Perú, quien mientras estaba en el campo, incidentalmente entra en contacto con una oruga, cursando luego con un síndrome hemorrágico caracterizado por coagulopatía y hemorragia subaracnoidea. El cuadro se resolvió satisfactoriamente luego de la administración del suero antilonómico. Se discute los aspectos fisiopatológicos, clínicos y laboratoriales que condujeron al diagnóstico, así como la efectividad reportada del tratamiento.
Published: 2020
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13. Lonomia parobliqua Brechlin, Meister & Mielke 2011

Author: B��n��luz, Fr��d��ric
Subjects: Lepidoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Saturniidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Lonomia, Lonomia parobliqua
Abstract: Lonomia parobliqua Brechlin, Meister & Mielke, 2011 *. (Fig. 1) Lonomia parobliqua Brechlin, Meister & Mielke, 2011: 69, figs 25, 26, 31. D��TERMINATION. �� Morphologique.Mol��culaire (BOLD: AAB 4043). LOCALIT�� TYPE. �� Paraguay: Alto Paran�� (Brechlin et al. 2011). HISTORIQUE. �� Pr��c��demment signal�� sur guianensis.fr comme Lonomia obliqua Walker, 1855. R��PARTITION G��OGRAPHIQUE. �� Paraguay, Argentine, Br��sil (Brechlin et al. 2011). DISTRIBUTION EN GUYANE. �� Littoral (Sinnamary) et Int��rieur (Mitaraka). HABITAT EN GUYANE. �� M��connu. MAT��RIEL DU MITARAKA EXAMIN��. �� Guyane �� 1 &female; barcod��e CO1-AE6 (BOLD: AAB 4043); Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Crique Alama (DZ); alt. 310 m; 2��14��1.9��N, 54��27��38.1��W; La Plan��te revisit��e, MNHN / PNI Guyane; autorisation APA-973-2; 11-21. VIII.2015; FB leg.; MNHN., Published as part of B��n��luz, Fr��d��ric, 2021, Liste comment��e des Saturniidae (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) de Guyane, avec la liste des taxons r��colt��s au Mitaraka (extr��me sud-ouest guyanais), pp. 759-809 in Zoosystema 43 (31) on page 772, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a31, http://zenodo.org/record/5796817
Published: 2021
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14. Lonomia parobliqua Brechlin, Meister & Mielke 2011

Author: Bénéluz, Frédéric
Subjects: Lepidoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Saturniidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Lonomia, Lonomia parobliqua
Abstract: Lonomia parobliqua Brechlin, Meister & Mielke, 2011 *. (Fig. 1) Lonomia parobliqua Brechlin, Meister & Mielke, 2011: 69, figs 25, 26, 31. DÉTERMINATION. — Morphologique.Moléculaire (BOLD: AAB 4043). LOCALITÉ TYPE. — Paraguay: Alto Paraná (Brechlin et al. 2011). HISTORIQUE. — Précédemment signalé sur guianensis.fr comme Lonomia obliqua Walker, 1855. RÉPARTITION GÉOGRAPHIQUE. — Paraguay, Argentine, Brésil (Brechlin et al. 2011). DISTRIBUTION EN GUYANE. — Littoral (Sinnamary) et Intérieur (Mitaraka). HABITAT EN GUYANE. — Méconnu. MATÉRIEL DU MITARAKA EXAMINÉ. — Guyane • 1 &female; barcodée CO1-AE6 (BOLD: AAB 4043); Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Crique Alama (DZ); alt. 310 m; 2°14’1.9”N, 54°27’38.1”W; La Planète revisitée, MNHN / PNI Guyane; autorisation APA-973-2; 11-21. VIII.2015; FB leg.; MNHN.
Published: 2021
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15. Lonomia rubroguyana Brechlin & Meister 2019

Author: B��n��luz, Fr��d��ric
Subjects: Lepidoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Saturniidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Lonomia rubroguyana, Taxonomy, Lonomia
Abstract: Lonomia rubroguyana Brechlin & Meister, 2019. (Fig. 2) Lonomia rubroguyana Brechlin & Meister, 2019: 15, figs 9, 10, 11, 21. D��TERMINATION. �� Morphologique. Mol��culaire (BOLD: AAB 0790, ACV 3238). LOCALIT�� TYPE. �� Guyane (Brechlin & Meister 2019). HISTORIQUE. �� Pr��c��demment cit�� de Guyane comme Lonomia descimoni Lemaire, 1972 (Lemaire 2002). R��PARTITION G��OGRAPHIQUE. �� Guyane (Brechlin & Meister 2019). DISTRIBUTION EN GUYANE. �� Connu des trois zones biog��ographiques. HABITAT EN GUYANE. �� For��t primaire. MAT��RIEL DU MITARAKA EXAMIN��. �� Guyane �� 2 &male; barcod��s CO1-AE7 et CO1-AF1 (BOLD: ACV 3238); Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Crique Alama (DZ); alt. 310 m; 2��14��1.9��N, 54��27��38.1��W; La Plan��te revisit��e, MNHN / PNI Guyane; autorisation APA-973-2; 11-21.VIII.2015; FB leg.; MNHN �� 2 &male; barcod��s CO1-AF2 et CO1-AF3; m��mes donn��es que pr��c��dent; MNHN., Published as part of B��n��luz, Fr��d��ric, 2021, Liste comment��e des Saturniidae (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) de Guyane, avec la liste des taxons r��colt��s au Mitaraka (extr��me sud-ouest guyanais), pp. 759-809 in Zoosystema 43 (31) on page 773, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a31, http://zenodo.org/record/5796817, {"references":["BRECHLIN R. & MEISTER F. 2019. - Drie neue Arten der Gattung Lonomia Walker, 1855 aus dem nordlichen Sudamerika (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomo-Satsphingia 12 (3): 13 - 20.","LEMAIRE C. 1972. - Descriptions d'Attacidae nouveaux d'Amerique centrale et du Sud [Lep.]. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France 76 (1971): 197 - 207, 1 fig. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1971.21210","LEMAIRE C. 2002. - The Saturniidae of America. Les Saturniidae Americains (= Attacidae). Hemileucinae. Goecke & Evers, Keltern. Vol. 1: [1] - 688; Vol. 2: 689 - 1388; Vol. 3: pl. phot. 1 - 126."]}
Published: 2021
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16. Lonomia achelous, stat. rev

Author: Bénéluz, Frédéric
Subjects: Lepidoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Lonomia achelous, Saturniidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Lonomia
Abstract: Lonomia achelous (Cramer, 1777), stat. rev.. (Fig. 3C) Phalaena Attacus achelous Cramer, 1777: 22, pl. 111, fig. A. Lonomia achelous [achelous] – Draudt 1929: 763. DÉTERMINATION. — Morphologique.Moléculaire (BOLD:ADG261). LOCALITÉ TYPE. — West Indies (Cramer 1777). Suriname (Lemaire 1973a). REMARQUE TAXONOMIQUE. — Des différences morphologiques et les données génétiques (3,5% de divergence minimale entre les codes-barres ADN de spécimens des deux taxons, et chacun d’eux étant plus proche génétiquement d’autres espèces du genre Lonomia [R. Rougerie, com. pers.]) attestent que Lonomia achelous achelous et Lonomia achelous diabolus sont deux espèces distinctes et justifient le nouveau statut du taxon. DISTRIBUTION EN GUYANE. — Connu des trois zones biogéographiques. HABITAT EN GUYANE. — Forêt primaire. MATÉRIEL DU MITARAKA EXAMINÉ. — Guyane • 1 &male;; Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Crique Alama (DZ); alt. 310 m; 2°14’1.9”N, 54°27’38.1”W; La Planète revisitée, MNHN / PNI Guyane; APA-973-1; 23.II-26. III.2015; E. Poirier leg.; MNHN • 1&male;; Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Crique Alama (DZ); alt. 310 m; 2°14’1.9”N, 54°27’38.1”W; La Planète revisitée, MNHN / PNI Guyane; autorisation APA-973-2; 11-21.VIII.2015; FB leg.; Coll. FB.
Published: 2021
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17. Lonomia cayennensis Brechlin & Meister 2019

Author: B��n��luz, Fr��d��ric
Subjects: Lepidoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Saturniidae, Animalia, Lonomia cayennensis, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Lonomia
Abstract: Lonomia cayennensis Brechlin & Meister, 2019. (Fig. 3A, B) Lonomia cayennensis Brechlin & Meister, 2019: 14, fig. 4. D��TERMINATION. �� Morphologique. Mol��culaire (BOLD: AAB 0796). LOCALIT�� TYPE. �� Guyane (Brechlin & Meister 2019). R��PARTITION G��OGRAPHIQUE. �� Guyane (Brechlin & Meister 2019). Suriname (FB, obs. pers.). DISTRIBUTION EN GUYANE. �� Connu des trois zones biog��ographiques. HABITAT EN GUYANE. �� For��ts primaire et secondaire. MAT��RIEL DU MITARAKA EXAMIN��. �� Guyane �� 1 &male; 1 &female;; Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Crique Alama (DZ); alt. 310 m; 2��14��1.9��N, 54��27��38.1��W; La Plan��te revisit��e, MNHN / PNI Guyane; APA-973-1; 23.II-26. III.2015; E. Poirier leg.; MNHN �� 1 &male;; m��mes donn��es que pr��c��dent; Coll. FB., Published as part of B��n��luz, Fr��d��ric, 2021, Liste comment��e des Saturniidae (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) de Guyane, avec la liste des taxons r��colt��s au Mitaraka (extr��me sud-ouest guyanais), pp. 759-809 in Zoosystema 43 (31) on page 774, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a31, http://zenodo.org/record/5796817, {"references":["BRECHLIN R. & MEISTER F. 2019. - Drie neue Arten der Gattung Lonomia Walker, 1855 aus dem nordlichen Sudamerika (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomo-Satsphingia 12 (3): 13 - 20."]}
Published: 2021
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18. Lonomia belizonensis Brechlin, Meister & van Schayck 2011

Author: B��n��luz, Fr��d��ric
Subjects: Lepidoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Saturniidae, Lonomia belizonensis, Animalia, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Lonomia
Abstract: Lonomia belizonensis Brechlin, Meister & van Schayck, 2011. Lonomia belizonensis Brechlin, Meister & van Schayck, 2011: 69, fig. 18. D��TERMINATION. �� Morphologique.Mol��culaire (BOLD: AAB 0791). LOCALIT�� TYPE. �� Guyane (Brechlin et al. 2011). HISTORIQUE. �� Pr��c��demment cit�� de Guyane comme Lonomia descimoni Lemaire, 1972 (Lemaire 2002). R��PARTITION G��OGRAPHIQUE. �� Guyane (Brechlin et al. 2011). Br��sil (Par��): San Ant��nio do Tau�� (BOLD). DISTRIBUTION EN GUYANE. �� Connu des trois zones biog��ographiques. HABITAT EN GUYANE. �� For��t primaire. MAT��RIEL DU MITARAKA EXAMIN��. �� Guyane �� 3&male;, 3 &female;; Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Crique Alama (DZ); alt. 310 m; 2��14��1.9��N, 54��27��38.1��W; La Plan��te revisit��e, MNHN / PNI Guyane; APA-973-1; 23.II-26. III.2015; E. Poirier leg.; MNHN �� 2 &male; 2 &female;; m��mes donn��es que pr��c��dent; Coll. FB., Published as part of B��n��luz, Fr��d��ric, 2021, Liste comment��e des Saturniidae (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) de Guyane, avec la liste des taxons r��colt��s au Mitaraka (extr��me sud-ouest guyanais), pp. 759-809 in Zoosystema 43 (31) on page 773, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a31, http://zenodo.org/record/5796817, {"references":["BRECHLIN R., MEISTER F. & VAN SCHAYCK E. 2011. - Neue Taxa der Gattung Automeris Hubner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomo-Satsphingia 4 (2): 16 - 29.","LEMAIRE C. 1972. - Descriptions d'Attacidae nouveaux d'Amerique centrale et du Sud [Lep.]. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France 76 (1971): 197 - 207, 1 fig. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1971.21210","LEMAIRE C. 2002. - The Saturniidae of America. Les Saturniidae Americains (= Attacidae). Hemileucinae. Goecke & Evers, Keltern. Vol. 1: [1] - 688; Vol. 2: 689 - 1388; Vol. 3: pl. phot. 1 - 126."]}
Published: 2021
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19. Lonomia cayennensis Brechlin & Meister 2019

Author: Bénéluz, Frédéric
Subjects: Lepidoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Saturniidae, Animalia, Lonomia cayennensis, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Lonomia
Abstract: Lonomia cayennensis Brechlin & Meister, 2019. (Fig. 3A, B) Lonomia cayennensis Brechlin & Meister, 2019: 14, fig. 4. DÉTERMINATION. — Morphologique. Moléculaire (BOLD: AAB 0796). LOCALITÉ TYPE. — Guyane (Brechlin & Meister 2019). RÉPARTITION GÉOGRAPHIQUE. — Guyane (Brechlin & Meister 2019). Suriname (FB, obs. pers.). DISTRIBUTION EN GUYANE. — Connu des trois zones biogéographiques. HABITAT EN GUYANE. — Forêts primaire et secondaire. MATÉRIEL DU MITARAKA EXAMINÉ. — Guyane • 1 &male; 1 &female;; Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Crique Alama (DZ); alt. 310 m; 2°14’1.9”N, 54°27’38.1”W; La Planète revisitée, MNHN / PNI Guyane; APA-973-1; 23.II-26. III.2015; E. Poirier leg.; MNHN • 1 &male;; mêmes données que précédent; Coll. FB.
Published: 2021
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20. Lonomia achelous, stat. rev

Author: B��n��luz, Fr��d��ric
Subjects: Lepidoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Lonomia achelous, Saturniidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Lonomia
Abstract: Lonomia achelous (Cramer, 1777), stat. rev.. (Fig. 3C) Phalaena Attacus achelous Cramer, 1777: 22, pl. 111, fig. A. Lonomia achelous [achelous] �� Draudt 1929: 763. D��TERMINATION. �� Morphologique.Mol��culaire (BOLD:ADG261). LOCALIT�� TYPE. �� West Indies (Cramer 1777). Suriname (Lemaire 1973a). REMARQUE TAXONOMIQUE. �� Des diff��rences morphologiques et les donn��es g��n��tiques (3,5% de divergence minimale entre les codes-barres ADN de sp��cimens des deux taxons, et chacun d��eux ��tant plus proche g��n��tiquement d��autres esp��ces du genre Lonomia [R. Rougerie, com. pers.]) attestent que Lonomia achelous achelous et Lonomia achelous diabolus sont deux esp��ces distinctes et justifient le nouveau statut du taxon. DISTRIBUTION EN GUYANE. �� Connu des trois zones biog��ographiques. HABITAT EN GUYANE. �� For��t primaire. MAT��RIEL DU MITARAKA EXAMIN��. �� Guyane �� 1 &male;; Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Crique Alama (DZ); alt. 310 m; 2��14��1.9��N, 54��27��38.1��W; La Plan��te revisit��e, MNHN / PNI Guyane; APA-973-1; 23.II-26. III.2015; E. Poirier leg.; MNHN �� 1&male;; Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Crique Alama (DZ); alt. 310 m; 2��14��1.9��N, 54��27��38.1��W; La Plan��te revisit��e, MNHN / PNI Guyane; autorisation APA-973-2; 11-21.VIII.2015; FB leg.; Coll. FB., Published as part of B��n��luz, Fr��d��ric, 2021, Liste comment��e des Saturniidae (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) de Guyane, avec la liste des taxons r��colt��s au Mitaraka (extr��me sud-ouest guyanais), pp. 759-809 in Zoosystema 43 (31) on page 774, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a31, http://zenodo.org/record/5796817, {"references":["DRAUDT M. 1929 - 1930. - 12 Familie: Saturnidae [sic], in SEITZ A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart. (Die amerikanischen Spinner und Schwarmer): 713 - 827, pl. col. h. - t. 101 - 137, 142. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12779669","LEMAIRE C. 1973 a. - Revision du genre Automeris Hubner et des genres voisins. Biogeographie, Ethologie, Morphologie, Taxonomie (Lep. Attacidae). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris) (A) Zool. - 1971 [fasc. 2] 79: 233 - 422, fig. 133 - 278, pl. 30 - 49. - 1974 [suite et fin, fasc. 3] ibidem 92: 423 - 576, fig. 279 - 370, pl. 50 - 61"]}
Published: 2021
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21. Lonomia rubroguyana Brechlin & Meister 2019

Author: Bénéluz, Frédéric
Subjects: Lepidoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Saturniidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Lonomia rubroguyana, Taxonomy, Lonomia
Abstract: Lonomia rubroguyana Brechlin & Meister, 2019. (Fig. 2) Lonomia rubroguyana Brechlin & Meister, 2019: 15, figs 9, 10, 11, 21. DÉTERMINATION. — Morphologique. Moléculaire (BOLD: AAB 0790, ACV 3238). LOCALITÉ TYPE. — Guyane (Brechlin & Meister 2019). HISTORIQUE. — Précédemment cité de Guyane comme Lonomia descimoni Lemaire, 1972 (Lemaire 2002). RÉPARTITION GÉOGRAPHIQUE. — Guyane (Brechlin & Meister 2019). DISTRIBUTION EN GUYANE. — Connu des trois zones biogéographiques. HABITAT EN GUYANE. — Forêt primaire. MATÉRIEL DU MITARAKA EXAMINÉ. — Guyane • 2 &male; barcodés CO1-AE7 et CO1-AF1 (BOLD: ACV 3238); Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Crique Alama (DZ); alt. 310 m; 2°14’1.9”N, 54°27’38.1”W; La Planète revisitée, MNHN / PNI Guyane; autorisation APA-973-2; 11-21.VIII.2015; FB leg.; MNHN • 2 &male; barcodés CO1-AF2 et CO1-AF3; mêmes données que précédent; MNHN.
Published: 2021
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22. Lonomia diabolus Draudt 1929, stat. rev

Author: B��n��luz, Fr��d��ric
Subjects: Lepidoptera, Lonomia diabolus, Insecta, Arthropoda, Saturniidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Lonomia
Abstract: Lonomia diabolus Draudt, 1929, stat. rev.. Lonomia diabolus (Oxytenis diabolus Maassen i. l.) Draudt, 1929: 763, pl. 119, fig. d. Lonomia achelous diabolus �� Lemaire 1996: 35, no. 224b. D��TERMINATION. �� Morphologique.Mol��culaire (BOLD: AAB 4840). LOCALIT�� TYPE. �� Guyane (Lemaire 1973a). R��PARTITION G��OGRAPHIQUE. �� Guyano-amazonienne (Lemaire 2002). REMARQUE TAXONOMIQUE. �� Des diff��rences morphologiques et les donn��es g��n��tiques (3,5 % de divergence minimale entre les codesbarres ADN de sp��cimens des deux taxons, et chacun d��eux ��tant plus proche g��n��tiquement d��autres esp��ces du genre Lonomia [R. Rougerie, com. pers.]) attestent que Lonomia achelous diabolus et Lonomia achelous achelous sont deux esp��ces distinctes et justifient le nouveau statut du taxon. DISTRIBUTION EN GUYANE. �� Connu des trois zones biog��ographiques. HABITAT EN GUYANE. �� For��ts primaire et secondaire, zones anthropis��es. REMARQUE. �� Esp��ce observ��e, mais non collect��e lors de la mission APA-973-2 (FB)., Published as part of B��n��luz, Fr��d��ric, 2021, Liste comment��e des Saturniidae (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) de Guyane, avec la liste des taxons r��colt��s au Mitaraka (extr��me sud-ouest guyanais), pp. 759-809 in Zoosystema 43 (31) on page 774, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a31, http://zenodo.org/record/5796817, {"references":["DRAUDT M. 1929 - 1930. - 12 Familie: Saturnidae [sic], in SEITZ A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart. (Die amerikanischen Spinner und Schwarmer): 713 - 827, pl. col. h. - t. 101 - 137, 142. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12779669","LEMAIRE C. 1996. - Saturniidae. in HEPPNER J. B. (Ed) et al. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera & Scientific Publishers. Gainesville, Florida. Checklist: Part 4 B (Drepanoidea-Bombycoidea-Sphingoidea): 28 - 49; 61 - 84.","LEMAIRE C. 1973 a. - Revision du genre Automeris Hubner et des genres voisins. Biogeographie, Ethologie, Morphologie, Taxonomie (Lep. Attacidae). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris) (A) Zool. - 1971 [fasc. 2] 79: 233 - 422, fig. 133 - 278, pl. 30 - 49. - 1974 [suite et fin, fasc. 3] ibidem 92: 423 - 576, fig. 279 - 370, pl. 50 - 61","LEMAIRE C. 2002. - The Saturniidae of America. Les Saturniidae Americains (= Attacidae). Hemileucinae. Goecke & Evers, Keltern. Vol. 1: [1] - 688; Vol. 2: 689 - 1388; Vol. 3: pl. phot. 1 - 126."]}
Published: 2021
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23. Lonomia belizonensis Brechlin, Meister & van Schayck 2011

Author: Bénéluz, Frédéric
Subjects: Lepidoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Saturniidae, Lonomia belizonensis, Animalia, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Lonomia
Abstract: Lonomia belizonensis Brechlin, Meister & van Schayck, 2011. Lonomia belizonensis Brechlin, Meister & van Schayck, 2011: 69, fig. 18. DÉTERMINATION. — Morphologique.Moléculaire (BOLD: AAB 0791). LOCALITÉ TYPE. — Guyane (Brechlin et al. 2011). HISTORIQUE. — Précédemment cité de Guyane comme Lonomia descimoni Lemaire, 1972 (Lemaire 2002). RÉPARTITION GÉOGRAPHIQUE. — Guyane (Brechlin et al. 2011). Brésil (Pará): San Antônio do Tauá (BOLD). DISTRIBUTION EN GUYANE. — Connu des trois zones biogéographiques. HABITAT EN GUYANE. — Forêt primaire. MATÉRIEL DU MITARAKA EXAMINÉ. — Guyane • 3&male;, 3 &female;; Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Crique Alama (DZ); alt. 310 m; 2°14’1.9”N, 54°27’38.1”W; La Planète revisitée, MNHN / PNI Guyane; APA-973-1; 23.II-26. III.2015; E. Poirier leg.; MNHN • 2 &male; 2 &female;; mêmes données que précédent; Coll. FB.
Published: 2021
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24. Effect of

Author: João Alfredo, Moraes, Genilson, Rodrigues, Daniel, Guimarães-Bastos, Vany, Nascimento-Silva, Erik, Svensjö, Mariana, Renovato-Martins, Markus, Berger, Jorge, Guimarães, and Christina, Barja-Fidalgo
Subjects: reactive oxygen species, Neutrophils, Chemotaxis, venom, neutrophil, Article, Lonomia, Lepidoptera, Cell Movement, Cricetinae, Larva, Cell Adhesion, Animals, Humans, Integumentary System, Arthropod Venoms, Skin
Abstract: The significant incidence of deforestation in South America culminates in the contact of humans with typical forests species. Among these species, one may highlight Lonomia obliqua caterpillar, which, when touched by humans, can poison them through their bristles. Therefore, better acknowledging the mechanisms involved in envenomation caused by Lonomia obliqua caterpillar bristle extract (LOCBE) may contribute to further treatments. Recently, we demonstrated that LOCBE induces a pro-inflammatory profile in endothelial cells; thus, we decided to investigate the effects of LOCBE on human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), which are the first leukocytes that migrate to the inflammatory focus. Our results showed that treatment with LOCBE induced PMN chemotaxis together with alterations in actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, favoring migration. Concurrently, LOCBE induced PMN adhesion to matrix proteins, such as collagen IV, fibronectin, and fibrinogen. Moreover, we observed that LOCBE attenuated PMN apoptosis and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production together with nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) activation—a redox-sensitive transcription factor—as well as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 release. We call attention to the ROS-dependent effect of LOCBE on increased cell migration once an antioxidant treatment reverted it. In summary, we report that LOCBE activates PMN, inducing pro-inflammatory responses modulated by ROS.
Published: 2021

25. Epidemiological characterization of lonomism in South America.

Author: Favalesso, Marília Melo, Valentim, Matheus, Guimarães, Ana Tereza Bittencourt, and Peichoto, Maria Elisa
Subjects: *NEGLECTED diseases, *AUTUMN, *MEDICAL care, *RESOURCE allocation, *GOVERNMENT policy
Abstract: • Lonomism is a tropical disease with emerging notifications denoting its expansion in South America. • There has been an alarming increase in the number of accidents over time. • Cases have been influenced by various sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental factors. • Notifications are strongly biased by public policies adopted by each South American country. • This provides evidence and strategic advice for the control of this envenomation. Lonomism is the envenomation caused by accidental contact with Lonomia caterpillars, and this is a public health priority in South America since it is relatively common but remains underestimated. This study presents an updated and integrative analysis of reliable global data from 1960 to 2020 on the epidemiology of this envenomation in the whole continent. A total of 13,186 notifications were recorded for South America: 13,056 (99.01%) in Brazil, 49 (0.37%) in Argentina, 43 (0.33%) in Colombia, 29 (0.22%) in Venezuela, 6 (0.05%) in Peru and 3 (0.02%) in French Guiana. The number of new locations reporting accidents has increased since the first formally notifications at the middle of the last century. Most of these locations are situated in Brazil, the pioneer in deeply researching the Lonomia genus and its impacts in public health. Most victims were males, in the economically productive age group, and accidental contact occurred more frequently in the upper limbs while doing activities outdoors in urban/rural areas. Regarding the determinants of clinical outcome, countries where patients received delayed medical care were associated with a higher number of moderate and/or severe cases, as well as a higher chance of progressing to death. Additionally, the longer the delay for accessing medical care, the higher the risk of developing systemic complications, thereby increasing the need for specific treatment. Our study also shows that accidents globally occurred more frequently in the summer months and in the beginning of autumn. Although having identified several shortcomings in the documents selected and verified that notifications are strongly biased by public policies adopted by each South American country, this study provides the first comprehensive assessment of lonomism in South America, demonstrating the increase in the number of accidents, and their expansion to other areas of the continent over time. Our findings will undoubtedly help guide the appropriate allocation of resources and implementation of prevention strategies and define priority criteria for epidemiological surveillance of this neglected tropical disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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26. Acute kidney injury caused by venomous animals: inflammatory mechanisms

Author: Oliveira, Naila Albertina de, Cardoso, Simone Cristina, Barbosa, Dulce Aparecida, and Fonseca, Cassiane Dezoti da
Subjects: Envenoming, Snake, Scorpion, Inflammatory process, Venom, Lonomia
Abstract: Either bites or stings of venomous animals comprise relevant public health problems in tropical countries. Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by animal toxins is related to worse prognostic and outcomes. Being one the most important pathways to induce AKI following envenoming due to animal toxins, inflammation is an essential biological response that eliminates pathogenic bacteria and repairs tissue after injury. However, direct nephrotoxicity (i.e. apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms of toxins), pigmenturia (i.e. rhabdomyolysis and hemolysis), anaphylactic reactions, and coagulopathies could contribute to the renal injury. All these mechanisms are closely integrated, but inflammation is a distinct process. Hence, it is important to improve our understanding on inflammation mechanisms of these syndromes to provide a promising outlook to reduce morbidity and mortality. This literature review highlights the main scientific evidence of acute kidney injury induced by bites or stings from venomous animals and their inflammatory mechanisms. It included observational, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort human studies available up to December 2019. Descriptors were used according to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), namely: “Acute kidney injury” or “Venom” and “Inflammation” on Medline/Pubmed and Google Scholar; “Kidney disease” or “Acute kidney injury” on Lilacs and SciELO. The present review evidenced that, among the described forms of renal inflammation, it can occur either directly or indirectly on renal cells by means of intravascular, systemic and endothelial hemolysis, activation of inflammatory pathway, as well as direct action of venom cytotoxic components on kidney structures.
Published: 2021

27. A hidden deadly venomous insect: First eco-epidemiological assessment and risk mapping of lonomism in Argentina

Author: Milena Gisela Casafús, Juan Manuel Coronel, Marília Melo Favalesso, Micaela Andrea Gritti, Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães, and María Elisa Peichoto
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Life Cycles, RC955-962, Forests, Moths, 01 natural sciences, Geographical locations, Trees, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], LONOMIA, Larvae, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, VENOMOUS CATERPILLAR, Public and Occupational Health, Socioeconomics, Child, Arthropod Venoms, Caterpillars, Risk level, biology, Ecology, Eukaryota, Neglected Diseases, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plants, Middle Aged, Terrestrial Environments, Insects, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Moths and Butterflies, Child, Preschool, Larva, TRAVEL MEDICINE, Female, Public Health, PUBLIC HEALTH, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Brazil, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, ENVENOMATION, Arthropoda, Adolescent, Argentina, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecosystems, Young Adult, Risk mapping, MISIONES, medicine, Animals, Humans, Envenomation, Caterpillar, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Ecosystem, Aged, Public health, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Infant, Insect Bites and Stings, South America, biology.organism_classification, Invertebrates, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Rural area, People and places, Zoology, Entomology, Lonomia, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Background Envenomation by the South American Lonomia saturniid caterpillars, named lonomism, constitutes an emerging and somewhat neglected public health issue in Argentina and neighboring countries. Considering that there is an intricate relationship between environment and human health in such cases, this study aimed to analyze the eco-epidemiological profile of 40 accidents and 33 occurrences of Lonomia spp. in Misiones (Argentina) between January 2014 and May 2020. Methodology/Principal findings We described the eco-epidemiological variables and characterized the abiotic scenario of such cases. Additionally, we obtained a density map that shows the punctual intensity of Lonomia records throughout Misiones. Most of the accidents occurred in the Department of Guaraní and involved male victims younger than 20 years old. The accidental/occasional occurrence of Lonomia spp. (considering both adult and caterpillar stages together) was significantly higher in the rural area, whereas only adult specimens were found in urban areas. We determined that the presence of this insect in Misiones is positively related to higher temperatures and solar radiation, and larger precipitation and evapotranspiration throughout the year. Conclusion/Significance This study represents an initial step towards the global understanding of lonomism as a public health problem in Argentina. It provides a map of the risk level for this envenomation in Misiones, which could help authorities address public health policy efforts to implement sustainable strategies for prevention and response to this threat in Northeastern Argentina and neighboring regions., Author summary Caterpillars of the genus Lonomia (Saturniidae: Hemileucinae) are considered the world’s most deadly lepidopterans. Due to the increasing number of cases and the lack of antivenom therapy, envenomation by these animals constitutes an emerging and somewhat neglected public health issue in Argentina and neighboring countries. Our research has determined the eco-epidemiological scenario of such an envenomation in the Argentine province of Misiones–mainly covered by the Atlantic Forest (a suitable biome for L. obliqua)–, and identified some predictors to occurrences/accidents with this insect. This study also provides the first map of the potential risk of lonomism in this province, which has several natural attractions visited by millions of tourists worldwide. We discussed our findings in light of immediate response from health authorities to outline preventive strategies for accidents and conservation of this venomous lepidopteran in its ecological niche.
Published: 2021

28. Síndrome hemorrágico por contacto con orugas del género Lonomia (Saturniidae) en Casanare, Colombia: informe de dos casos

Author: Daniel Pineda, Angela Amarillo, Julio Becerra, and Gabriel Montenegro
Subjects: hemorrhagic syndrome, fibrinolysis, venomous caterpillar, Lonomia, Saturniidae, lepidoptera, Medicine, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962
Abstract: El presente artículo describe los dos primeros casos de accidentes por orugas de Lonomia diagnosticados en Colombia. Estos insectos ocasionan un cuadro local con alteraciones hemorrágicas caracterizadas por una intensa actividad fibrinolitica y valores bajos de diferentes factores de la coagulación. Los dos casos se presentaron en el departamento de Casanare y fueron remitidos al Hospital San Carlos de Bogotá. La evolución de cada uno fue diferente: el primero, con hemoptisis e insuficiencia renal secundaria. que le causó la muerte a la paciente; el segundo, con gingivorragia y sangrado vaginal que evolucionó hasta la completa mejoría después de la administración del suero anti-Lonomia. Descritos estos primeros casos, es necesario ampliar el conocimiento sobre el tema y trabajar en su prevención.
Published: 2001
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29. ACCIDENTES CAUSADOS POR LA ORUGA LONOMIA OBLIQUA (WALKER, 1855) UN PROBLEMA EMERGENTE.

Author: SÁNCHEZ, MATÍAS N., MIGNONE CHAGAS, MARIANA A., CASERTANO, SERGIO A., CAVAGNARO, LUIS E., and PEICHOTO, MARÍA E.
Abstract: Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Published: 2015

30. Mechanisms of acute kidney injury induced by experimental Lonomia obliqua envenomation.

Author: Berger, Markus, Santi, Lucélia, Beys-da-Silva, Walter, Oliveira, Fabrício, Caliari, Marcelo, Yates, John, Vieira, Maria, and Guimarães, Jorge
Subjects: *KIDNEY injuries, *ANTIVENINS, *COLLAGEN diseases, *FIBRIN, *PROTEIN genetics
Abstract: Lonomia obliqua caterpillar envenomation causes acute kidney injury (AKI), which can be responsible for its deadly actions. This study evaluates the possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction. To characterize L. obliqua venom effects, we subcutaneously injected rats and examined renal functional, morphological and biochemical parameters at several time points. We also performed discovery-based proteomic analysis to measure protein expression to identify molecular pathways of renal disease. L. obliqua envenomation causes acute tubular necrosis, which is associated with renal inflammation; formation of hematic casts, resulting from intravascular hemolysis; increase in vascular permeability and fibrosis. The dilation of Bowman's space and glomerular tuft is related to fluid leakage and intra-glomerular fibrin deposition, respectively, since tissue factor procoagulant activity increases in the kidney. Systemic hypotension also contributes to these alterations and to the sudden loss of basic renal functions, including filtration and excretion capacities, urinary concentration and maintenance of fluid homeostasis. In addition, envenomed kidneys increase the expression of proteins involved in cell stress, inflammation, tissue injury, heme-induced oxidative stress, coagulation and complement system activation. Finally, the localization of the venom in renal tissue agrees with morphological and functional alterations, suggesting also a direct nephrotoxic activity. In conclusion, the mechanisms of L. obliqua-induced AKI are complex involving mainly glomerular and tubular functional impairment and vascular alterations. These results are important to understand the mechanisms of renal injury and may suggest more efficient ways to prevent or attenuate the pathology of Lonomia's envenomation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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31. Evolution of the venomous caterpillars of the genus Lonomia and analysis of their toxicity using last generation molecular techniques

Author: Díaz Díaz, Juana Maria
Subjects: Filogenia, Envenenamiento humano, Biología, Estrés oxidativo, Lonomia
Abstract: Caterpillars of the genus Lonomia (family Saturniidae) are covered in scoli filled with venom. The venom is capable of producing hemorrhagic syndrome in humans that can lead patients to develop kidney failure, brain damage and, in severe cases, death. Accidents have been attributed to two species, however, genetic identification of caterpillars associated to accidents in Colombia have led to the discovery of at least three different species capable of produce hemorrhagic syndromes. Phylogenetic relationships among these species and their venom¿s action mechanism are still unknown. Under this context, the objectives of this thesis were to: (1) propose a time-calibrated phylogeny for the genus Lonomia (2) evaluate altered metabolites of cells exposed to venom from different species of Lonomia. To achieve the first objective, we sequenced ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from Lonomia samples representing 48 different species and reconstruct the phylogeny. The phylogeny obtained is nearly comprehensive and supports the division of the genus into three species-groups and an additional lineage represented by Lonomia beneluzi. Our phylogenetic hypothesis reveals that the species involved in human envenomation are not monophyletic and belong to both the achelous- and obliqua-group suggesting that more species of Lonomia may be involved in human accidents. To achieve the second objective, VERO cells were exposed to venom of 3 Lonomia species: L. casanarensis, L. orientoandensis and L. orientocordillera. We used a concentration of 30 ?g/ml and two exposure times (2h and 24h). Metabolites of VERO cells were extracted and measured using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution-mass spectrometry. We were able to identify 96 altered metabolites. We found a downregulation of glutathione and upregulation of prostaglandins in cells exposed to the venoms of L. orientocordillera and L. casanarensis suggesting their capability to cause oxidative stress and inflammation. Las orugas del género Lonomia (familia Saturniidae) poseen espinas llenas de veneno capaz de producir un síndrome hemorrágico en humanos que puede conducir a insuficiencia renal, daño cerebral y, en casos severos, a la muerte. Los accidentes han sido atribuidos a dos especies. Sin embargo, mediante la identificación molecular de orugas asociadas a accidentes en Colombia se han encontrado al menos tres especies diferentes capaces de producir síndromes hemorrágicos. Las relaciones filogenéticas entre estas especies y el mecanismo de acción de sus venenos aún se desconocen. Bajo este contexto, se plantearon dos objetivos: (1) proponer una filogenia para el género Lonomia y (2) evaluar los metabolitos alterados en células expuestas al veneno de diferentes especies de Lonomia. Para el primer objetivo se muestrearon 48 especies diferentes y se reconstruyo la filogenia usando Elementos Ultraconservados y máxima verosimilitud. Se obtuvo una filogenia casi completa que apoya la división del género en tres grupos de especies y un linaje adicional representado por Lonomia beneluzi. Nuestra filogenia revela que las especies involucradas en el envenenamiento humano no son monofiléticas y pertenecen tanto al grupo achelous como al obliqua. Esto sugiere que más especies podrían estar involucradas en los accidentes. Para el segundo objetivo se expusieron células VERO al veneno de 3 especies: L. casanarensis, L. orientoandensis y L. orientocordillera. La concentración de los venenos fue de 30 ?g/ml y se evaluaron dos tiempos de exposición (2h y 24h). Los metabolitos de las células se extrajeron y midieron mediante cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas de alta resolución. Se identificaron 96 metabolitos alterados, dentro de los cuales se encontró una disminución de glutatión y un incremento de prostaglandinas en las células expuestas a los venenos de L. orientocordillera y L. casanarensis. Esto apoya su capacidad para causar estrés oxidativo e inflamación. Magíster en Ciencias Biológicas Maestría
Published: 2021

32. Acute kidney injury caused by venomous animals: inflammatory mechanisms

Author: Oliveira,Naila Albertina de, Cardoso,Simone Cristina, Barbosa,Dulce Aparecida, and Fonseca,Cassiane Dezoti da
Subjects: Envenoming, Snake, Scorpion, Inflammatory process, Venom, Lonomia
Abstract: Either bites or stings of venomous animals comprise relevant public health problems in tropical countries. Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by animal toxins is related to worse prognostic and outcomes. Being one the most important pathways to induce AKI following envenoming due to animal toxins, inflammation is an essential biological response that eliminates pathogenic bacteria and repairs tissue after injury. However, direct nephrotoxicity (i.e. apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms of toxins), pigmenturia (i.e. rhabdomyolysis and hemolysis), anaphylactic reactions, and coagulopathies could contribute to the renal injury. All these mechanisms are closely integrated, but inflammation is a distinct process. Hence, it is important to improve our understanding on inflammation mechanisms of these syndromes to provide a promising outlook to reduce morbidity and mortality. This literature review highlights the main scientific evidence of acute kidney injury induced by bites or stings from venomous animals and their inflammatory mechanisms. It included observational, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort human studies available up to December 2019. Descriptors were used according to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), namely: “Acute kidney injury” or “Venom” and “Inflammation” on Medline/Pubmed and Google Scholar; “Kidney disease” or “Acute kidney injury” on Lilacs and SciELO. The present review evidenced that, among the described forms of renal inflammation, it can occur either directly or indirectly on renal cells by means of intravascular, systemic and endothelial hemolysis, activation of inflammatory pathway, as well as direct action of venom cytotoxic components on kidney structures.
Published: 2021

33. Lonomia envenomation in Brazil: an epidemiological overview for the period 2007-2018

Author: Pablo Fernando Cuervo, María Elisa Peichoto, Milena Gisela Casafús, Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães, and Marília Melo Favalesso
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Public health, 030231 tropical medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Hemorrhage, General Medicine, Moths, biology.organism_classification, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Larva, Epidemiology, medicine, Ethnology, Animals, Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Envenomation, Lonomia, Arthropod Venoms, Brazil
Abstract: Background Among the Lepidoptera with medical importance in Brazil, larvae of Lonomia moth (Saturniidae: Hemileucinae) stand out by being the etiological agent of the lonomism, a form of erucism in which the most troubling symptoms include systemic hemorrhage that can lead to death. Methods This study provides an epidemiological overview of accident notifications with Lonomia registered by the Brazilian Reportable Disease Information System (SINAN) between 2007 and 2018. The categories of sociodemographic aspects of the victim, accident characteristics, and clinical data (6,636 records) were analysed by the chi-square test for goodness of fit (α=0.05). By the same test, accident frequencies by month, year, and state were also compared. To explore the spatial distribution of notifications and to identify significant space-time and purely spatial clusters, a spatial scan statistic (SaTScan) was used. Results The epidemiological profile of most of the victims had at least one of the following characteristics: male, >50 y of age, ethnically classified as white, and with a low level of education. Accidents in urban areas were as frequent as in rural areas. A higher frequency of non-work-related accidents was detected. Victims were mostly stung on the upper limbs. Most victims received medical care within the first 3 h after the accident. Most cases were classified as mild, although 12 deaths were reported. The south states of Brazil concentrate the highest frequencies of notifications. Summer was the season with the greatest number of cases, and the majority of the notifications occurred between 2017 and 2018. Conclusion These results provide an overall and current situation assessment of the lonomism in Brazil, and they should enable health authorities to improve the management of this envenomation in states/regions that share the high epidemiological risk of exposure to Lonomia.
Published: 2020

34. Caterpillar Venom: A Health Hazard of the 21st Century

Author: Jan Tytgat, Steve Peigneur, and Andrea Seldeslachts
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, BRISTLE EXTRACT, 030231 tropical medicine, Antivenom, Lonomia obliqua, Medicine (miscellaneous), Poison control, LONOMIA-OBLIQUA, Venom, Review, Research & Experimental Medicine, SERUM THERAPY, caterpillar venom, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, venomics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Global health, medicine, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Intensive care medicine, Envenomation, Caterpillar, lcsh:QH301-705.5, pathophysiology, Science & Technology, antivenom, biology, business.industry, MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS, fungi, THAUMETOPOEA-PITYOCAMPA LEPIDOPTERA, OAK PROCESSIONARY MOTH, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), Medicine, Research & Experimental, PUSS CATERPILLAR, treatments, HYLESIA-METABUS, MAST-CELLS, SKIN REACTIONS, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Lonomia
Abstract: Caterpillar envenomation is a global health threat in the 21st century. Every direct or indirect contact with the urticating hairs of a caterpillar results in clinical manifestations ranging from local dermatitis symptoms to potentially life-threatening systemic effects. This is mainly due to the action of bioactive components in the venom that interfere with targets in the human body. The problem is that doctors are limited to relieve symptoms, since an effective treatment is still lacking. Only for Lonomia species an effective antivenom does exist. The health and economical damage are an underestimated problem and will be even more of a concern in the future. For some caterpillar species, the venom composition has been the subject of investigation, while for many others it remains unknown. Moreover, the targets involved in the pathophysiology are poorly understood. This review aims to give an overview of the knowledge we have today on the venom composition of different caterpillar species along with their pharmacological targets. Epidemiology, mode of action, clinical time course and treatments are also addressed. Finally, we briefly discuss the future perspectives that may open the doors for future research in the world of caterpillar toxins to find an adequate treatment. ispartof: BIOMEDICINES vol:8 issue:6 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published
Published: 2020

35. Acute Kidney Injury Secondary to Lonomia envenomation. Case Report and Literature Review

Author: Alirio Rodrigo Bastidas Goyes, Elías Quintero, Nicolás David Santoyo Sarmiento, Maria José Olaya, Alvaro German Arteaga Erazo, Daniel Martin Arsanios, and Alejandra Perilla
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, biology, business.industry, Acute kidney injury, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Dermatology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, medicine, business, Envenomation, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Lonomia
Abstract: Introduction The envenomation by Lonomia species mainly occur in rural areas. The main symptom of this condition is an alteration in the clotting times and hemorrhage. However, acute kidney injury is been also identified in some case reports. Therefore, it should not be disregarded and to understand the pathophysiological mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of this clinical feature results necessary in order to expand awareness and to prevent further medical complications and death. Materials and Methods We present a case report and scoping review of the literature to characterize patients with acute kidney injury secondary to Lonomia envenomation by a case report and describing the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients suffering from this condition. The information was obtained from 4 databases: Medline, Embase, LILACs and Ovid. We used the following search strategy: (((“Acute Kidney Injury” [Mesh]) AND “lonofibrase” [Supplementary Concept]) OR lonomy accident) OR lonomia. Results We identified ten case reports of Lonomia spp. Envenomation, nine of them were caused by L. obliqua and one by L. achelous. A cohort study that included 37 patients who were exposed to the L. obliqua venom was also included. All patients were adults, lived in the countryside and developed acute kidney injury. Conclusions Acute kidney injury has been identified as one important clinical feature of the Lonomia envenomation. The development of this condition is mediated by various pathophysiological mechanisms. To perform an adequate diagnosis, coagulation times, fibrinogen levels, hemogram, kidney function and urinalysis should be done. The definitive treatment depends on the type of envenomation. The prognosis for these patients is not well described yet. However, our patient had a good response to the described management given.
Published: 2020
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36. Efeitos citoprotetores de secreções obtidas da lagarta Lonomia obliqua sobre células-tronco endometriais humanas

Author: Schneider, Raquel de Almeida, Passos, Eduardo Pandolfi, and Oliveira, Markus Berger
Subjects: Recurrent pregnancy loss, Venenos, Cytoprotective, Endometrial cell, Citoproteção, Proteomic analysis, Fenômenos farmacológicos, Aborto habitual, Células-tronco, Endométrio, Lonomia
Abstract: Introdução. A perda gestacional recorrente (PGR) está associada à morbidade física e psicológica grave, para a qual, quando se excluem causas anatômicas e genéticas, não há opções de tratamento. A fisiopatologia envolve a deficiência nas capacidades de proliferação e migração das células do estroma endometrial (hESCs), prejudicando a implantação e o desenvolvimento do embrião. Por isso, encontrar novas moléculas citoprotetoras capazes de estimular a proliferação de hESCs pode ser interessante. Uma vez que os venenos de animais são fontes ricas em moléculas bioativas, neste trabalho objetivamos caracterizar os efeitos citoprotetores do veneno da Lonomia obliqua em hESCs. Metodologia. hESCs foram isoladas de biópsias endometriais humanas frescas e caracterizadas de acordo com protocolos padrão. Em seguida, os efeitos das secreções venenosas de L. obliqua sobre a viabilidade, proliferação e migração celular foram determinados. Os componentes do veneno envolvidos nos efeitos de proliferação celular também foram identificados por métodos cromatográficos clássicos e análises proteômicas. Resultados. O veneno de L. obliqua induz a proliferação, viabilidade e migração de hESC de uma maneira dependente da dose, tanto na presença como nas condições de privação de soro. Por cromatografia de troca iônica foi obtida uma fração enriquecida em componentes citoprotetores desprovidos de efeito hemotóxico. A análise proteômica do veneno identificou pelo menos seis classes de proteínas com propriedades citoprotetoras potenciais (hemolinas, lipocalinas, hemocianinas, proteínas antivirais, peptídeos antimicrobianos e inibidores de protease). O mecanismo envolvido na citoproteção parece estar relacionado à regulação negativa da geração do ânion superóxido, aumento das enzimas antioxidantes, produção de óxido nítrico e ativação de vias de proliferação dependentes de ERK. 8 Conclusões. A viabilidade, proliferação e migração de hESC induzidas por veneno de L. obliqua ocorreram principalmente por proteção contra dano oxidativo e ativação da via dependente de ERK. Assim, esta é uma ferramenta farmacológica promissora para compreender os mecanismos subjacentes da deficiência de hESC em PGR. Background. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is associated with severe physical and psychological morbidity, for which there is no treatment options when excluded anatomic and genetic causes. The pathophysiology involves deficiency in proliferation and migration capacities of endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) impairing embryo implantation and development. Thus, finding new cytoprotective molecules able to stimulate hESCs proliferation could be interesting. Since animal venoms are rich source of bioactive molecules, in this work we aimed to characterize the cytoprotective effects of Lonomia obliqua venom on hESCs. Methodology. hESCs were isolated from fresh human endometrial biopsies and characterized according standard protocols. Then the effects of L. obliqua venomous secretions on cell viability, proliferation and migration were determined. Venom components involved in cell enhancing effects were also identified by classical chromatographic methods and proteomic analysis. Results. L. obliqua venom induced hESC proliferation, viability and migration in a dose-dependent manner both in the presence and serum deprivation conditions. By ion-exchange chromatography was obtained one fraction enriched in cytoprotective components devoid of hemotoxic effect. Venom proteomic analysis identified at least six protein classes with potential cytoprotective properties (hemolins, lipocalins, hemocyannins, antiviral proteins, antimicrobial peptides and protease inhibitors). The mechanism involved in cryoprotection seems to be related to downregulation of superoxide anion generation, increase in antioxidant enzymes, nitric oxide production and activation of ERK-dependent pathways of proliferation. Conclusions. L. obliqua venom-induced hESC viability, proliferation and migration occurred mainly by protection against oxidative damage and ERK-dependent pathway activation. 10 Thus, this is a promising pharmacological tool to understand underlying mechanisms of hESC deficiency in RPL.
Published: 2020

37. Hemorrhagic Accidents Caused by Lonomia obliqua

Author: Alaour Candida Duarte and Elvino José Guardão Barros
Subjects: biology, business.industry, Nausea, Lonomia obliqua, Acute kidney injury, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Anesthesia, medicine, Vomiting, Pulmonary hemorrhage, medicine.symptom, business, Envenomation, Complication, Lonomia
Abstract: Hemorrhagic accidents caused by Lonomia obliqua have started to draw attention in Southern Brazil. Clinical and hemorrhagic manifestations caused by caterpillar poisoning. Patients had malaise, headache, nausea and vomiting, bleeding 1–12 hours after contact, such as hematomas, epistaxis, bleeding from recent wounds, gum bleeding, hematuria, and pulmonary hemorrhage. The prognosis will depend on the severity of the accidents. Patients with Grade I and II showed 100% recovery, while patients in Grade III had acute kidney injury (AKI) as the main complication, which occurs in 15–18% of cases. Patients over 50 years of age are the ones who develop AKI. Another risk factor is the time elapsed between the accident and medical care, and most patients with AKI arrived 48 hours after the accident. The lethality of Lonomia envenomation was 3–4 times higher than that recorded for that of snakebite accidents in Brazil, thus reflecting the severity of this poisoning.
Published: 2020
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38. Accidents caused by lonomia, in Minas Gerais, 2001 a 2006

Author: Marcos Macedo Oliveira, Stanley Philippe Antunes Franco, and Jayme Gorenstein
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Lonomia
Published: 2020
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39. Lonomia caterpillar envenoming in French Guiana reversed by the Brazilian antivenom: A successful case of international cooperation for a rare but deadly tropical hazard

Author: P. Tabard, Hatem Kallel, D. Lemonnier, Didier Hommel, A. Sanna, C. Valentin, H.W. Fan, Stéphanie Houcke, Flaubert Nkont Cho, A. Roux, Dabor Resiere, Claire Mayence, and Cyrille Mathien
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, Antivenom, Moths, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Coagulopathy, medicine, Animals, Humans, Caterpillar, Arthropod Venoms, biology, Antivenins, business.industry, fungi, Insect Bites and Stings, Skin contact, Blood Coagulation Disorders, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Hazard, Dermatology, French Guiana, Systemic reaction, 030104 developmental biology, Larva, Female, business, Brazil, Lonomia
Abstract: In the American continent, larval forms (caterpillars) of the Lonomia genus can cause systemic reactions in human beings. In this Paper, we report the third case of Lonomia envenoming recorded in French Guiana in 25 years, and the first in which specific antivenom was administered. Severe symptoms of the envenoming were observed in our patient including pain; coagulopathy and systemic hemorrhage. They are caused by skin contact with caterpillars. Recovery, however, was quite satisfactory thanks to the international cooperation of the health authorities in both France and Brazil.
Published: 2018
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40. Acute Lonomia obliqua caterpillar envenomation-induced physiopathological alterations in rats: Evidence of new toxic venom activities and the efficacy of serum therapy to counteract systemic tissue damage.

Author: Berger, Markus, Beys-da-Silva, Walter Orlando, Santi, Lucélia, de Oliveira, Iuri Marques, Jorge, Patrícia Mendes, Henriques, João Antônio Pêgas, Driemeier, David, Vieira, Maria Aparecida Ribeiro, and Guimarães, Jorge Almeida
Subjects: *SATURNIIDAE, *PATHOLOGICAL physiology, *VENOM, *TOXINS, *SEROTHERAPY, *TISSUE wounds, *LACTATE dehydrogenase, *LABORATORY rats
Abstract: Abstract: The clinical manifestations of Lonomia obliqua caterpillar envenomation are systemic hemorrhage and acute kidney injury. In an effort to better understand the physiopathological mechanisms of envenomation, a rat model was established to study systemic tissue damage during L. obliqua envenomation. An array of acute venom effects was characterized, including biochemical, hematological, histopathological, myotoxic and genotoxic alterations. Rapid increases in serum alanine and aspartate transaminases, γ-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, hemoglobin, bilirubin, creatinine, urea and uric acid were observed, indicating that intravascular hemolysis and liver and kidney damage had occurred. Treatment with a specific antivenom (antilonomic serum) for up to 2 h post-venom injection neutralized the biochemical alterations. However, treatment after 6 h post-venom injection failed to normalize all biochemical parameters, despite its efficacy in reversing coagulation dysfunction. The hematological findings were consistent with hemolytic anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis. The histopathological alterations were mainly related to hemorrhage and inflammation in the subcutaneous tissue, lung, heart and kidneys. Signs of congestion and hemosiderosis were evident in the spleen, and hemoglobin and/or myoglobin casts were also detected in the renal tubules. Increased levels of creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB were correlated with the myocardial necrosis observed in vivo and confirmed the myotoxicity detected in vitro in isolated extensor digitorum longus muscles. Significant DNA damage was observed in the kidneys, heart, lung, liver and lymphocytes. The majority of the DNA lesions in the kidney were due to oxidative damage. The results presented here will aid in understanding the pathology underlying Lonomia's envenomation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2013
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41. New Insight into the Mechanism of Lonomia obliqua Envenoming: Toxin Involvement and Molecular Approach.

Author: Alvarez Flores, Zannin, and Chudzinski-Tavassi
Abstract: Despite the nearly worldwide distribution of Lepidoptera, there are few species with clear documentation of adverse reactions in humans. Most syndromes caused by Lepidoptera are consequences of direct contact with the hairs or setae of caterpillars. In most instances, the adverse effects caused by moth and caterpillars are self-limited and the treatment is based on the removal of hairs, application of topical antipruritics and, in some cases, the use of oral antihistamines. However, in the case of envenoming by South American Lonomiaobliqua caterpillars, the antilonomic serum produced at Instituto Butantan in Brazil is the only effective treatment to re-establish the physiological coagulation parameters in poisoned patients and to abolish the complications seen in severe cases (e.g. consumptive coagulopathy, intracerebral hemorrhage, and acute renal failure). Many studies have been carried out to understand the pathophysiological mechanism of envenoming by L. obliqua. Several toxic principles were found in bristle extract and the hemolymph, probably related to the envenoming. An interesting fact is that some toxins from the venom usually have more than one function. With the advent of molecular biology techniques it has become possible to analyze these processes at a molecular level, thus giving rise to hypotheses on the molecular basis of envenomation. This review contributes to enhance our understanding of the dramatic alterations that hemorrhagic syndrome causes in patients, current treatment, and the diversity of the molecules involved in this pathology. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2010
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42. Lonomia obliqua venomous secretion induces human platelet adhesion and aggregation.

Author: Berger, Markus, Reck, José, Terra, Renata, Beys da Silva, Walter, Santi, Lucélia, Pinto, Antônio, Vainstein, Marilene, Termignoni, Carlos, and Guimarães, Jorge
Abstract: The caterpillar Lonomia obliqua is a venomous animal that causes numerous accidents, especially in southern Brazil, where it is considered a public health problem. The clinical manifestations include several haemostatic disturbances that lead to a hemorrhagic syndrome. Considering that platelets play a central role in hemostasis, in this work we investigate the effects of L. obliqua venomous secretion upon blood platelets responses in vitro. Results obtained shows that L. obliqua venom directly induces aggregation and ATP secretion in human washed platelets in a dose-dependent manner. Electron microscopy studies clearly showed that the venomous bristle extract was also able to produce direct platelets shape change and adhesion as well as activation and formation of platelet aggregates. Differently from other enzyme inhibitors, the venom-induced platelet aggregation was significatively inhibited by p-bromophenacyl bromide, a specific inhibitor of phospholipases A2. Additional experiments with different pharmacological antagonists indicate that the aggregation response triggered by the venom active components occurs through a calcium-dependent mechanism involving arachidonic acid metabolite(s) of the cyclooxygenase pathway and activation of phosphodiesterase 3A, an enzyme that leads to the consumption of intracellular cAMP content. It was additionally found that L. obliqua-induced platelet aggregation was independent of ADP release. Altogether, these findings are in line with the need for a better understanding of the complex hemorrhagic syndrome resulting from the envenomation caused by L. obliqua caterpillars, and can also give new insights into the management of its clinical profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2010
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43. Lonomia obliqua caterpillar envenomation causes platelet hypoaggregation and blood incoagulability in rats

Author: Berger, Markus, Reck, José, Terra, Renata M.S., Pinto, Antônio F.M., Termignoni, Carlos, and Guimarães, Jorge A.
Subjects: *CATERPILLARS, *BLOOD platelet aggregation, *BLOOD coagulation, *LABORATORY rats, *HEMORRHAGE, *HEALTH risk assessment, *DEATH (Biology), *PLANT extracts
Abstract: Abstract: Envenomation caused by Lonomia obliqua is a public health hazard in Southern Brazil. Envenomed victims present severe hemorrhagic syndrome that can progress to intracranial hemorrhage and death. To understand the mechanisms that lead to hemorrhage, we investigated the platelet dysfunction and blood coagulation disturbances following experimental envenomation in rats. L. obliqua bristle extract was injected (s.c.) and blood collected at different times post-venom administration for determination of platelet response and analysis of blood coagulation. Rats presented hypofibrinogenemia and platelet hypoaggregation in platelet rich plasma (PRP). After addition of exogenous fibrinogen to PRP, platelet hypoaggregation was not corrected. Interestingly, normoaggregation was observed when platelets were separated from plasma. In addition, incubation of plasma from envenomed rats inhibits aggregation response of normal washed platelets. These results indicate that an aggregation inhibitor is generated in plasma during envenomation. Moreover, rats presented an increase in nitric oxide plasmatic levels which coincided with maximum inhibition in platelet aggregation. Animals also showed blood incoagulability and a significant increase in thrombin, plasmin and urokinase plasmatic activities. Despite this intravascular thrombin generation, only a slight decrease in platelet numbers was detected. Certainly, the platelet hypoaggregation and blood incoagulability described herein contribute to systemic bleeding observed in patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2010
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44. Nephrotoxicity of insect and spider venoms in Latin America.

Author: Abdulkader, Regina C.R.M., Barbaro, Katia C., Barros, Elvino José Guradão, Burdmann, Emmanuel A., and Barros, Elvino José Guradão
Subjects: INSECT venom, SPIDER venom, ACUTE kidney failure, NEPHROTOXICOLOGY, LOXOSCELES, CATERPILLARS, BEE stings, RESEARCH, BITES & stings, ANIMAL experimentation, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, EVALUATION research, COMPARATIVE studies, ARTHROPOD venom, INSECTS
Abstract: Summary: One of the most important and lethal effects of animal venoms is nephrotoxicity. In Latin America, severe acute kidney injury has been reported after accidents with poisonous arthropods such as bees, caterpillars of the genus Lonomia, and spiders of the genus Loxosceles. In this article the characteristics of these venoms, their probable mechanisms of renal damage, and the clinical picture of the accidents are reviewed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2008
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45. Novel perspectives on the pathogenesis of Lonomia obliqua caterpillar envenomation based on assessment of host response by gene expression analysis

Author: Pinto, Antônio F.M., Dragulev, Bojan, Guimarães, Jorge A., and Fox, Jay W.
Subjects: *POISONOUS animals, *VENOM, *GENE expression, *FIBROBLASTS
Abstract: Abstract: Animal venomous secretions have been explored as source of active substances affecting mammal hemostasis. These active principles impinge on key elements of almost all physiologic pathways and have an enormous potential in the development of new therapeutic drugs. The envenomation caused by the caterpillar Lonomia obliqua (lonomism) is characterized by a hemorrhagic clinical profile. Investigations of caterpillar venom have, in general, involved the isolation and biochemical characterization of active principles related to the pathophysiology of envenomation. In the last few years, these studies focused on the caterpillar''s secretions pro-coagulant, fibrin(ogen)olytic, hemolytic, edematogenic and nociceptive activities. Recently, a significant advance was achieved as a result of a transcriptome study, which generated a catalog of putative toxic proteins in the caterpillar venom, giving rise to hypotheses on the molecular basis of pathogenesis which could be experimentally explored. In this investigation, using a microarray methodology, we analyzed the effects of the caterpillar venom on the gene expression profile of cultured human fibroblasts with the aim of gaining insight into genes possibly associated with the clinical manifestations of lonomism. Our hypothesis was that both the direct action L. obliqua venomous proteins on the host as well as an indirect effect caused by alteration in the gene expression pattern in host tissues could function in concert and perhaps synergistically to give rise to the profound symptoms observed during lonomism. Interesting changes in the expression pattern of some genes, such as IL-8, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and tissue factor, were observed in treated fibroblasts, which could contribute to some of the observed pathological sequela in lonomism. Thus, lonomism appears to be a result of both the previously described direct effects of the venom as well as indirect effects caused by changes in host gene expression profiles. These studies have enhanced our understanding of lonomism and may contribute to insights into more effective treatments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2008
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46. The venom of the Lonomia caterpillar: An overview

Author: Carrijo-Carvalho, Linda Christian and Chudzinski-Tavassi, Ana Marisa
Subjects: *CATERPILLARS, *TOXINS, *VENOM, *POISONOUS animals
Abstract: Abstract: Contact with the Lonomia caterpillar causes numerous accidents, especially in Venezuela and the southern region of Brazil, where it is considered a public health problem. The Lonomia obliqua venom causes disseminated intravascular coagulation and a consumptive coagulopathy, which can lead to a hemorrhagic syndrome. The venom of Lonomia achelous also causes hemorrhage, but through increased fibrinolysis. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that the venom of the Lonomia caterpillar contains several toxins with procoagulant, anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities. These toxins also affect the endothelium. The recent construction of cDNA libraries of the transcripts from L. obliqua bristles enables the use of biotechnological approaches to study the venom. This paper presents an overview of the biochemical and biological properties of Lonomia caterpillar venom, discussing aspects of human accidents, experimental envenomation, toxins and targets and future perspectives. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2007
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47. Severe Hemorrhagic Syndrome After Lonomia Caterpillar Envenomation in the Western Brazilian Amazon: How Many More Cases Are There?

Author: Sâmella Silva de Oliveira, Iran Mendonça-da-Silva, Eliane Campos Alves, Jacqueline de Almeida Gonçalves Sachett, João Hugo Abdalla Santos, Luiz Carlos de Lima Ferreira, Wuelton M. Monteiro, Hui Wen Fan, Marcus V. G. Lacerda, and Antônio Magela Tavares
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Lonomia obliqua, Antivenom, Hemorrhage, Lonomia achelous, Moths, complex mixtures, Insect bites and stings, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Envenomation, Caterpillar, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, biology, Antivenins, Amazon rainforest, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Insect Bites and Stings, food and beverages, Syndrome, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Dermatology, Anesthesia, Emergency Medicine, business, Brazil, geographic locations, Lonomia
Abstract: Contact with Lonomia caterpillars can cause a hemorrhagic syndrome. In Brazil, Lonomia obliqua and Lonomia achelous are known to cause this venom-induced disease. In the Brazilian Amazon, descriptions of this kind of envenomation are scarce. Herein, we report a severe hemorrhagic syndrome caused by Lonomia envenomation in the Amazonas state, Western Brazilian Amazon. The patient showed signs of hemorrhage lasting 8 days and required Lonomia antivenom administration, which resulted in resolution of hemorrhagic syndrome. Thus, availability of Lonomia antivenom as well as early antivenom therapy administration should be addressed across remote areas in the Amazon.
Published: 2017
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48. MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE CAUSED BY POISONOUS CONTACT WITH A LONOMIA SP CATERPILLAR. CASE REPORT

Author: Pineda-Amaya, Wilson Hernando and Pastrana-Ricaurte, Nohemí
Subjects: Lepidoptera, Lepidópteros, Larva, Lonomia
Abstract: Introduction: Lonomic accidents have become of great interest as they represent a public health problem in rural communities. These accidents are challenging for health personnel given their multiple associated complications, difficult diagnosis and therapeutic variants. Case presentation: This is the case of a 41-year-old male patient who had contact with a caterpillar of the genus Lonomia sp. He presented with symptoms of bleeding and subsequent multiple organ failure that resolved with the use of antilonomic serum. Discussion: The patient presented with symptoms that progressed to multiple organ failure and associated hemorrhagic syndrome due to the difficulties for diagnosis. He required therapeutic intervention in a primary care institution with subsequent need for treatment in a more complex center considering the deterioration and non-availability of the antilonomic serum. Conclusions: Based on in-hospital medical intervention strategies, the administration of the lonomic serum and the patient's follow-up through the system, it was possible to confirm the improvement of his health condition and discharge him. It is important to stress the knowledge of the health professionals who treat these cases in rural areas and the availability of the serum. RESUMEN Introducción. El accidente lonómico se ha convertido en un evento de gran interés, ya que supone una problemática de salud pública enfocada en las comunidades rurales y un reto para el personal de salud dadas las múltiples complicaciones, el difícil diagnóstico y las variantes terapéuticas. Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino de 41 años quien tuvo contacto con oruga del género Lonomia sp. y presentó síntomas de sangrado y posterior falla multiorgánica que se resolvió con el uso de suero antilonómico. Discusión. Se presenta un cuadro clínico que progresó a falla multiorgánica y síndrome hemorrágico asociado a dificultades en su diagnóstico y que requirió intervención terapéutica en primer nivel de urgencia con posterior necesidad de tratamiento en un centro de mayor complejidad por deterioro y no disponibilidad de suero antilonómico. Conclusiones. A partir de las estrategias de intervención médica intrahospitalaria, la administración del suero lonómico y el seguimiento del paciente a través del sistema, se pudo constatar la mejoría en el estado de salud y dar el alta médica. Es importante poner en tensión los conocimientos de los profesionales en salud que atienden estos casos en las zonas rurales y la disponibilidad del suero de tratamiento.
Published: 2019

49. Recorriendo Misiones para el registro ecoepidemiológico de la oruga venenosa Lonomia spp. (Saturniidae: Hemileucinae)

Author: Casafús, Milena Gisela, Melo Favalesso, Marília, Bittencourt Guimaraes, Ana Tereza, and Peichoto, María Elisa
Subjects: Ciencias Biológicas, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], LONOMIA, ORUGA VENENOSA, MISIONES, ECO-EPIDEMIOLOGIA, Zoología, Ornitología, Entomología, Etología, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: Los lepidópteros constituyen uno de los grupos de insectos más ampliamente distribuidos y reconocidos en el mundo, sus orugas presentan variedad de formas y colores casi infinitas, increíblemente atractivas, algunas tan hermosas como venenosas. Dentro de la familia Saturniidae encontramos al género Lonomia, cuyas orugas son de amplio interés médico en toda América del Sur por ser el agente etiológico del "lonomismo", una forma de envenenamiento causado por el contacto de las personas con las estructuras urticantes (espinas) que recubren el cuerpo larval. Estas espinas contienen en su interior una mezcla de compuestos tóxicos que actúan sobre diferentes componentes del sistema hemostático, causando no sólo problemas a nivel local, como dermatitis urticante, sino también un síndrome hemorrágico sistémico que puede llegar a ser fatal. En los últimos años, debido a su gravedad y al incremento en el número de casos, el lonomismo paso a ser considerado una problemática de salud emergente en la provincia de Misiones (única provincia del país donde se han notificado casos de lonomismo hasta la fecha). Teniendo en cuenta que la distribución así como también otros aspectos ecoepidemiológicos del género Lonomia son muy poco conocidos en Argentina, en este trabajo se muestra la distribución de accidentes con orugas de este género que fueron atendidos en el Hospital SAMIC de Puerto Iguazú (hospital de referencia para el atendimiento de los casos de lonomismo en la provincia de Misiones), así como también las plantas hospedadoras en donde se encontraban las orugas al momento del accidente. Para algunos sitios se incluye también el análisis granulométrico de muestras de suelo. De este modo se intenta brindar una aproximación a la distribución y requerimientos ecológicos de este género en Argentina. Fil: Casafús, Milena Gisela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical; Argentina Fil: Melo Favalesso, Marília. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical; Argentina Fil: Bittencourt Guimaraes, Ana Tereza. Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Pará; Brasil Fil: Peichoto, María Elisa. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina
Published: 2019

50. Effect of Lonomia obliqua Venom on Human Neutrophils.

Author: Moraes, João Alfredo, Rodrigues, Genilson, Guimarães-Bastos, Daniel, Nascimento-Silva, Vany, Svensjö, Erik, Renovato-Martins, Mariana, Berger, Markus, Guimarães, Jorge, and Barja-Fidalgo, Christina
Subjects: *FIBRONECTINS, *FOCAL adhesion kinase, *VENOM, *EXTRACELLULAR matrix proteins, *NEUTROPHILS, *CELL migration, *REACTIVE oxygen species
Abstract: The significant incidence of deforestation in South America culminates in the contact of humans with typical forests species. Among these species, one may highlight Lonomia obliqua caterpillar, which, when touched by humans, can poison them through their bristles. Therefore, better acknowledging the mechanisms involved in envenomation caused by Lonomia obliqua caterpillar bristle extract (LOCBE) may contribute to further treatments. Recently, we demonstrated that LOCBE induces a pro-inflammatory profile in endothelial cells; thus, we decided to investigate the effects of LOCBE on human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), which are the first leukocytes that migrate to the inflammatory focus. Our results showed that treatment with LOCBE induced PMN chemotaxis together with alterations in actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, favoring migration. Concurrently, LOCBE induced PMN adhesion to matrix proteins, such as collagen IV, fibronectin, and fibrinogen. Moreover, we observed that LOCBE attenuated PMN apoptosis and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production together with nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) activation—a redox-sensitive transcription factor—as well as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 release. We call attention to the ROS-dependent effect of LOCBE on increased cell migration once an antioxidant treatment reverted it. In summary, we report that LOCBE activates PMN, inducing pro-inflammatory responses modulated by ROS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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