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4 results on '"the National Children's Study"'

1. The National Children's Study 2014 : An Assessment

Author

National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on National Statistics, Panel on the Design of the National Children's Study and Implications for the Generalizability of Results, Constance F. Citro, Nancy J. Kirkendall, Greg J. Duncan, National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on National Statistics, Panel on the Design of the National Children's Study and Implications for the Generalizability of Results, Constance F. Citro, Nancy J. Kirkendall, and Greg J. Duncan

Subjects
Social ecology, Longitudinal method, Environmental health--United States--Longitudinal studies, Children and the environment--United States--Longitudinal studies, Children--Health and hygiene--United States--Longitudinal studies
Abstract

The National Children's Study (NCS) was authorized by the Children's Health Act of 2000 and is being implemented by a dedicated Program Office in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). The NCS is planned to be a longitudinal observational birth cohort study to evaluate the effects of chronic and intermittent exposures on child health and development in the U.S.. The NCS would be the first study to collect a broad range of environmental exposure measures for a national probability sample of about 100,000 children, followed from birth or before birth to age 21. Detailed plans for the NCS were developed by 2007 and reviewed by a National Research Council / Institute of Medicine panel. At that time, sample recruitment for the NCS Main Study was scheduled to begin in 2009 and to be completed within about 5 years. However, results from the initial seven pilot locations, which recruited sample cases in 2009-2010, indicated that the proposed household-based recruitment approach would be more costly and time consuming than planned. In response, the Program Office implemented a number of pilot tests in 2011 to evaluate alternative recruitment methods and pilot testing continues to date. At the request of Congress, The National Children's Study 2014 reviews the revised study design and proposed methodologies for the NCS Main Study. This report assesses the study's plan to determine whether it is likely to produce scientifically sound results that are generalizable to the United States population and appropriate subpopulations. The report makes recommendations about the overall study framework, sample design, timing, content and need for scientific expertise and oversight. The National Children's Study has the potential to add immeasurably to scientific knowledge about the impact of environmental exposures, broadly defined, on children\'s health and development in the United States. The recommendations of this report will help the NCS will achieve its intended objective to examine the effects of environmental influences on the health and development of American children.

Published
2014

2. Screening for Pregnancy Status in a Population-Based Sample: Characteristics Associated with Item Nonresponse.

Author

Hughes, Suzanne C., Hogue, Carol J., Clark, Melissa A., Graber, Jessica E., Eaker, Elaine D., Herring, Amy H., and the National Children's Study

Subjects
ANALYSIS of variance, CHI-squared test, FISHER exact test, INTERVIEWING, LONGITUDINAL method, RESEARCH funding, STATISTICAL sampling, SURVEYS, LOGISTIC regression analysis, PILOT projects, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, CROSS-sectional method, DATA analysis software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, KRUSKAL-Wallis Test, PREGNANCY
Abstract

Objectives: Population-based recruitment of a cohort of women who are currently pregnant or who may become pregnant in a given timeframe presents challenges unique to identifying pregnancy status or the likelihood of future pregnancy. Little is known about the performance of individual eligibility items on pregnancy screeners although they are critical to participant recruitment. This paper examined the patterns and respondent characteristics of key pregnancy screener items used in a large national study.Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine nonresponse patterns to three questions (currently pregnant, trying to get pregnant and able to get pregnant). The questions were asked of 50,529 women in 17 locations across the US, as part of eligibility screening for the National Children's Study Vanguard Study household-based recruitment.Results: Most respondents were willing to provide information about current pregnancy, trying, and able to get pregnant: 99.3% of respondents answered all three questions and 97.4% provided meaningful answers. Nonresponse ranged from 0.3 to 2.5% for individual items. Multivariable logistic regression results identified small but statistically significant differences in nonresponse by respondent age, marital status, race/ethnicity-language, and household-based recruitment group.Conclusions for Practice: The high levels of response to pregnancy-related items are impressive considering that the eligibility questions were fairly sensitive, were administered at households, and were not part of a respondent-initiated encounter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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3. The National Children's Study Research Plan : A Review

Author

National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on National Statistics, Panel to Review the National Children's Study Research Plan, National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on National Statistics, and Panel to Review the National Children's Study Research Plan

Subjects
Children, Child psychology, Medical policy, Child health services, Child development, Medical policy--United States, Children--Health and hygiene--United States--Statistics, Public health--United States--Statistics, Public health--Research--United States, Longitudinal method, Children--Health and hygiene--Research--United States, Research
Abstract

The National Children's Study (NCS) is planned to be the largest long-term study of environmental and genetic effects on children's health ever conducted in the United States. It proposes to examine the effects of environmental influences on the health and development of approximately 100,000 children across the United States, following them from before birth until age 21. By archiving all of the data collected, the NCS is intended to provide a valuable resource for analyses conducted many years into the future. This book evaluates the research plan for the NCS, by assessing the scientific rigor of the study and the extent to which it is being carried out with methods, measures, and collection of data and specimens to maximize the scientific yield of the study. The book concludes that if the NCS is conducted as proposed, the database derived from the study should be valuable for investigating hypotheses described in the research plan as well as additional hypotheses that will evolve. Nevertheless, there are important weaknesses and shortcomings in the research plan that diminish the study's expected value below what it might be.

Published
2008

4. Impact of preconception enrollment on birth enrollment and timing of exposure assessment in the initial vanguard cohort of the U.S. National Children's Study.

Author

Stanford, Joseph B., Brenner, Ruth, Fetterer, David, Palmer, Leslie, Schoendorf, Kenneth C., and U.S. National Children’s Study

Subjects
LONGITUDINAL method, RESEARCH funding, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, PATIENT selection, HEALTH impact assessment
Abstract

Background: The initial vanguard cohort of the U.S. National Children's Study was a pregnancy and birth cohort study that sought to enroll some women prior to pregnancy, and to assess exposures early in pregnancy.Methods: During the recruitment phase (2009-2010), geographically based sampling was used to recruit women early in pregnancy and women not currently pregnant, not using contraception and heterosexually active. We assessed the following outcomes for women enrolled preconception and early in pregnancy: yield of births; demographic characteristics of births for different enrollment groups; time to pregnancy for preconception women; and the timing of study visits for exposure assessment.Results: 1399 women were recruited into the initial vanguard cohort: 429 preconception (198 trying for pregnancy, and 231 not trying) and 970 already pregnant. There were 1135 pregnancies (81% of women) and 922 newborns enrolled (81% of pregnancies) through September 2012. Preconception women represented 30.6% of women enrolled, and contributed 14.5% of births. Among women who gave birth, and who had enrolled preconception trying for pregnancy, 67.3% were white non-Hispanic, compared to 50.0% of preconception women not trying for pregnancy, and 61.5% of pregnant women. Women enrolled preconception who were trying for pregnancy had higher cumulative probability of pregnancy at one year compared to women not trying (adjusted 86% versus 56%). Of 165 women enrolled preconception who became pregnant, 19% had a study visit within 30 days of conception. By 10.5 weeks after conception, 75% of women enrolled preconception had completed a pregnancy study visit; for women enrolled pregnant, the 75% threshold was reached at 28.4 weeks.Conclusions: There were demographic differences in births from women enrolled preconception trying for pregnancy, preconception not trying for pregnancy, or during pregnancy. Time to pregnancy was shorter for women actively trying for pregnancy. Most women enrolled preconception did not have exposure assessment within 30 days of conception, but they did have exposure assessment much earlier during pregnancy than women who enrolled during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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