1. Swedish snus use is associated with mortality: a pooled analysis of eight prospective studies.
- Author
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Byhamre, Marja Lisa, Araghi, Marzieh, Alfredsson, Lars, Bellocco, Rino, Engström, Gunnar, Eriksson, Marie, Galanti, Maria Rosaria, Jansson, Jan-Håkan, Lager, Anton, Lundberg, Michael, Östergren, Per-Olof, Pedersen, Nancy L, Lagerros, Ylva Trolle, Ye, Weimin, Wennberg, Patrik, Magnusson, Cecilia, and Trolle Lagerros, Ylva
- Subjects
CANCER-related mortality ,MORTALITY ,RANDOM effects model ,CARDIOVASCULAR disease related mortality ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,SMOKELESS tobacco ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,TOBACCO - Abstract
Background: The health consequences of the use of Swedish snus, including its relationship with mortality, have not been fully established. We investigated the relationship between snus use and all-cause and cause-specific mortality (death due to cardiovascular diseases, cancer diseases and all other reasons, respectively) in a nationwide collaborative pooling project.Methods: We followed 169 103 never-smoking men from eight Swedish cohort studies, recruited in 1978-2010. Shared frailty models with random effects at the study level were used in order to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality associated with snus use.Results: Exclusive current snus users had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (aHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.20-1.35), cardiovascular mortality (aHR 1.27, 95% CI 1.15-1.41) and other cause mortality (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.24-1.52) compared with never-users of tobacco. The risk of cancer mortality was also increased (aHR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.26). These mortality risks increased with duration of snus use, but not with weekly amount.Conclusions: Snus use among men is associated with increased all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, with death from other causes and possibly with increased cancer mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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