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Background: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is caused by the inability of the pulmonary arteries to dilate at birth, which leads to severe hypoxemia. Several risk factors have been identified in association with its occurrence and prognosis. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of PPHN, describe neonates’ characteristics, and evaluate the etiology, as well as mortality risk factors in newborns hospitalized due to PPHN at Bahrami Children’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2017 to 2020. Methods: A total of 49 neonates were included in the present study. The PPHN diagnosis was based on clinical criteria and echocardiography provided by neonatologists. Therefore, a complete history, physical examination, and laboratory data were gathered. Afterward, PPHN etiology was determined, and the patients were followed up for six months. Finally, PPHN prevalence was calculated and probable risk factors for its complications were investigated by using logistic regression analysis. Results: The findings revealed that the prevalence of PPHN was 3.5% in the center under study, and the mortality rate, as well as complete recovery, were 24.5% and 63%, respectively. It was also found that factors, such as male gender, abnormal Apgar score at birth, and cesarean delivery, were high in a percentage of PPHN patients; however, they were not associated with PPHN mortality and morbidity. The only variable that had a significant association with mortality and morbidity was an abnormal white blood cell count. Conclusion: The need for inotropic support was associated with poor outcomes. From the aspect of etiology, there exists higher mortality rates, complications, and poor prognosis among PPHN patients with underdevelopment, compared to the ones with maldevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study compared neonatal outcome and maternal complications in multiple pregnancies after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to spontaneous pregnancies. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed medical records of 190 multiple pregnancies and births conceived by ART or spontaneous conceptions between 2004 and 2009 in Women Hospital. Obstetric history and outcomes were recorded and compared between these two groups. SPSS version 13 was used for data analysis. The results were analyzed using student’s t test, chi square and logistic regression (p<0.05). Results: There were 106 deliveries from spontaneous conceptions and 84 that resulted from ART. Parity history and mode of delivery significantly differed between the two groups (p<0.001). The ART group had significantly higher preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) whereas pregnanc-induced hypertension (PIH) was higher in the spontaneous group (p=0.01). Newborn intensive care unit (NICU) admission, duration of hospitalization, still birth and low gestational age were significantly higher in the ART group while neonatal jaundice was higher in the spontaneous group. Logistic regression analysis by considering neonatal complications as the dependent variable showed that respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), NICU admission and Apgar score were independent predictors for neonatal complications. Conclusion: Obstetric and neonatal outcomes must be considered in multiple pregnancies conceived by ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]