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This paper presents an adaptive load frequency control technique in both of isolated microgrid power system and two interconnected microgrids (MGs). A modified Jaya optimization method is used to make online tuning of the area controller. The Balloon Effect (BE) modification is designed to increase the sensitivity of the Jaya algorithm to both of the system load disturbance and parameters variations. In Jaya with BE technique, the objective function (OF) is affected by the on-time system problems. Communication delay time is considered in the dynamic model of interconnected MGs. System with proposed adaptive control method has been tested in several scenarios including step and variable load demand and parameters variations. Simulation results using Matlab software show that the proposed adaptive controller tuned by Jaya + BE technique provides better performance of frequency control than other methods such as conventional controller or adaptive one tuned by classical Jaya algorithm.

The goal of this paper is to introduce an adaptive load frequency control (LFC) technique for power systems. The concept of the proposed adaptive technique is built on the on-line tuning of the gain of an integral controller using Electro-Search optimization (ESO) supported by a modification called the `balloon effect'. The main target is to regulate the frequency of isolated and interconnected power systems. The balloon effect is designed to obtain the input/output signals of the power system plant at any moment; then, these signals are utilized to calculate the value of the open loop transfer function of the plant at the same time. This will emphatically affect the specified objective function of the ESO approach and increase its sensitivity to and effect on system difficulties such as system step load changes, parameter uncertainties and the effect of the penetrations resulting from renewable sources. Delayed time resulting from the communication process between the area and control center is considered in the dynamic model of interconnected MGs, and nonlinearities, such as governor dead bands (GDBs) and generation rate constraints (GRCs), are included in the simulation model. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and success of the proposed controller tuned by the ESO approach with a balloon effect and provide better performance of frequency regulation than a fixed controller, as well as other methods such as standard Jaya and ESO methods.

This paper suggests an adaptive control approach using water cycle algorithm optimization method (WCA) modified by a new technique called “Balloon Effect”. The main concept of Balloon Effect is to increase the ability of the WCA to tune individually the gains of the controller online. The proposed technique has been used to tune the gains of PID controller and applied to control both of the load frequency control in micro-grid power system (which minimize the fundamental frequency variations) and the position of armature-controlled DC motor. Digital simulations have been carried out to prove the efficiency of the proposed adaptive controller-based WCA with Balloon Effect. The obtained results showed that the proposed adaptive controller maintains robust performance, and effectively reduces the impact of identified disturbances and uncertainties.

This paper presents an adaptive load frequency control technique in both of isolated microgrid power system and two interconnected microgrids (MGs). A modified Jaya optimization method is used to make online tuning of the area controller. The Balloon Effect (BE) modification is designed to increase the sensitivity of the Jaya algorithm to both of the system load disturbance and parameters variations. In Jaya with BE technique, the objective function (OF) is affected by the on-time system problems. Communication delay time is considered in the dynamic model of interconnected MGs. System with proposed adaptive control method has been tested in several scenarios including step and variable load demand and parameters variations. Simulation results using Matlab software show that the proposed adaptive controller tuned by Jaya + BE technique provides better performance of frequency control than other methods such as conventional controller or adaptive one tuned by classical Jaya algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]