1. Pulmonary Abnormalities in Liver Disease: Relevance to Transplantation and Outcome.
- Author
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Raevens S, Boret M, De Pauw M, Fallon MB, and Van Vlierberghe H
- Subjects
- Adult, Asthma diagnosis, Asthma epidemiology, Asthma mortality, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 mortality, COVID-19 virology, Child, Cystic Fibrosis, End Stage Liver Disease complications, Hepatopulmonary Syndrome diagnosis, Hepatopulmonary Syndrome epidemiology, Hepatopulmonary Syndrome mortality, Humans, Hypertension, Pulmonary drug therapy, Hypertension, Pulmonary etiology, Liver Transplantation methods, Lung Diseases epidemiology, Lung Diseases pathology, Lung Diseases physiopathology, Mass Screening, Patient Selection ethics, Prognosis, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive diagnosis, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive epidemiology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive mortality, Respiratory Function Tests methods, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Sarcoidosis diagnosis, Sarcoidosis epidemiology, Sarcoidosis mortality, Survival Rate trends, Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic diagnosis, Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic epidemiology, Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic mortality, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency diagnosis, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency epidemiology, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency mortality, Hypertension, Portal complications, Liver Cirrhosis complications, Liver Transplantation mortality, Lung Diseases complications
- Abstract
Pulmonary disease in liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (PH) constitutes a challenging clinical scenario and may have important implications with regard to prognosis, liver transplantation (LT) candidacy, and post-LT outcome. Pre-LT evaluation should include adequate screening for pulmonary diseases that may occur concomitantly with liver disease as well as for those that may arise as a complication of end-stage liver disease and PH, given that either may jeopardize safe LT and successful outcome. It is key to discriminate those patients who would benefit from LT, especially pulmonary disorders that have been reported to resolve post-LT and are considered "pulmonary indications" for transplant, from those who are at increased mortality risk and in whom LT is contraindicated. In conclusion, in this article, we review the impact of several pulmonary disorders, including cystic fibrosis, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, sarcoidosis, coronavirus disease 2019, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary nodules, interstitial lung disease, hepatic hydrothorax, hepatopulmonary syndrome, and portopulmonary hypertension, on post-LT survival, as well as the reciprocal impact of LT on the evolution of lung function., (© 2021 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.)
- Published
- 2021
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