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Background: Bone marrow cells (BMCs) have been shown to differentiate into a liver cell lineage, but little is known about their dynamics following transplantation. BMCs were cultured to investigate the expression of liver-specific genes in vitro and transplanted into in vivo liver-injury models to elucidate their dynamics in the liver., Methods: The mRNA expression of various liver-specific genes in BMCs cocultured with hepatocytes was analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. BMCs from transgenic rats expressing green fiuorescent protein were transplanted into the spleen of rat liver-injury models induced with 2-acetylaminofiuorene (2-AAF) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). BMCs were also transplanted directly into livers treated with CCl4 to determine which route is better for transplantation., Results: BMCs differentiated into a liver cell lineage in vitro and expressed mRNAs consistent with mature hepatocytes, including albumin. The transplanted BMCs were found in the liver in the CCl4-induced injury model, but not in the 2-AAF-induced model. The hepatocyte growth factor and fibroblast growth factor mRNA levels in the liver were significantly higher in the CCl4-induced model than in the 2-AAF-induced model. Migration of BMCs to the liver was more effective following injection into the liver, rather than into the spleen., Conclusions: Cultured BMCs differentiated into a liver cell lineage are a potential source for cell transplantation. Transplantation is successful in the severely injured liver with a high level of expression of mRNAs for growth factors. Injection of BMCs directly into the liver is the preferred route of administration.