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Structural and metabolic changes in liver tissue in dogs with acute cholecystitis were studied by histological, histoenzymatic, and biochemical methods. It was found that the development of destructive inflammatory processes in the gallbladder wall induces morphological damage to the liver tissue, which correlates with metabolic disorders in this organ and leads to liver dysfunction.

Profound hepatic tissue morphofunctional changes with progressive hepatic failure occur in endotoxicosis caused by peritonitis and lower extremity gangrene. Comparative quantitative histoenzymatic and biochemical studies have revealed hepatic metabolic disturbances in peritonitis and leg gangrene.

Specific morphological and functional changes in the liver in acute obturative cholecystitis have been experimentally studied in 30 dogs and clinically examined in 21 patients. No morphological substrate of liver insufficiency were found in early period of acute obturative cholecystitis. Early changes in the liver are of reactive nature and have the features of active nonspecific hepatitis. The reactions of compensation and decompensation are changing each other periodically. The intensive reactions of compensation take place in the first 2 or 3 days of disease. The reactions of compensation weaken gradually. There is no correlation between changes in the liver and in blood serum. The early surgery and laparoscopic procedures in acute obturative cholecystitis are advocated.

Dog liver in systemic endotoxemia induced by intravenous injection of E. coli lipopolysaccharide in 2 mg/kg dosage has been studied. Morpho- and pathogenetic characteristics of developing intoxication have been specified histologically and biochemically.

Systemic and hepatic hemodynamics, gas exchange, acid-base balance in blood from the artery, portal, hepatic and peripheral veins were examined in 113 patients with diffuse peritonitis varying etiologically. In view of adequate tissue perfusion and oxygen transport revealed it is suggested that causes of metabolic derangement arising in peritonitis and responsible for multiple organ insufficiency should be searched into at the level of intracellular metabolism.

The examination of 225 patients has shown that the syndrome of hepatic insufficiency associated mainly with hyperperfusion of the liver is developing in pancreonecrosis. The regional infusion therapy is recommended for prophylactics and treatment of hepatic insufficiency.