45 results on '"Liver morphology"'
Search Results
2. A comprehensive study and extensive review of morphological variations of liver with new insights.
- Author
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Ragavan S, Muraleedharan A, Bage NN, and Devi R
- Subjects
- Gallbladder, Humans, Liver anatomy & histology, Liver diagnostic imaging, Surgeons
- Abstract
Purpose: Liver is divided into four anatomical lobes presenting minor fissures and invisible major fissures. The prevalence of Accessory Fissures in liver ranges widely from 6 to 94%. The morphometric analysis of individual lobes is also scarce in literature. There have been instances where the surgeon has experienced some of these variations as a surprise during surgery as the existing data on the surface variations of liver is still contradictory. A sound knowledge of these variations would aid the surgeons and radiologists to circumvent the misdiagnosis and complications during surgeries., Methods: The study was conducted in 93 cadaveric livers. Minor liver fissures, Accessory fissures and lobes were noted and measured. The livers were classified according to the Netter's classification. The morphology of caudate and quadrate lobes was studied. Any other variations in the appearance of groove for Inferior vena cava, gall bladder and its fossa were also studied. The results are tabulated., Results: The study revealed several variations in the morphological features of liver. Accessory fissures were noted in 51.61% of livers, distributed on various liver surfaces. Accessory lobes were noted in 27.9%. Pons hepatis was present in 22.5%. Gall bladder variations that were noted include the Hartmann's pouch (n = 14; 15.05%) and the Phrygian cap (n = 2; 2.15%). 65.6% livers (n = 61) had the sulcus of the caudate process or fissure of Gans or Rouviere sulcus which is a normal fissure present in majority of normal healthy livers., Conclusion: The current study provides a complete understanding and a thorough knowledge of surface morphological variations in liver. We hope that this will be greatly helpful for surgeons and radiologists to avoid possible errors in interpretations, to plan appropriately and assist during liver surgeries and to do radiological interventions., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Effects of Tyrosine and Tryptophan in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity.
- Author
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Shipelin VA, Trusov NV, Apryatin SA, Shumakova AA, Balakina AS, Riger NA, Gmoshinski IV, and Nikityuk DB
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Weight, Cytokines, Energy Metabolism, Feeding Behavior, Inflammation, Liver pathology, Male, Memory, Obesity metabolism, Obesity pathology, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Triglycerides, Tryptophan pharmacology, Tyrosine pharmacology, Diet adverse effects, Liver metabolism, Obesity etiology, Tryptophan metabolism, Tyrosine metabolism
- Abstract
Amino acids tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) play a significant role in the regulation of energy metabolism, locomotor activity, and eating behavior. We studied the possibility of modulating these processes in obesity by increasing the pool of Tyr and Trp in the experimental diet. As a model of obesity, we used Wistar rats fed a diet with an excess specific energy value (HFCD) for 64 days. Trp led to a normalization of the rats' body weight almost to the control level, but increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased long-term memory. The consumption of amino acids resulted in increased grip strength and impairment of short-term memory. The locomotor activity of animals decreased with age as a result of Tyr consumption, while Trp, on the contrary, prevented this. The Tyr supplementation led to the normalization of triglycerides and LDL. In the spleen cell lysates, amino acids suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The liver tissue morphology showed that the consumption of Tyr noticeably weakened the signs of fatty degeneration. The addition of Trp, on the contrary, led to an unfavorable effect, consisting of the appearance of a high number of large rounded fatty vacuoles. The data obtained indicate a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of Tyr as compared to Trp.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The influence of lead nanoparticles on the morpho-functional changes of rat liver during the postexposure period.
- Author
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Aleksiichuk V, Omelchuk S, Sokurenko L, Kaminsky R, Kovalchuk O, and Chaikovsky Y
- Subjects
- Animals, Histological Techniques, Lead toxicity, Male, Nitrates toxicity, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Sulfides toxicity, Liver drug effects, Liver pathology, Metal Nanoparticles toxicity
- Abstract
Lead as any heavy metals may be found in soil, water, air, and is used in everyday life. Once in the body, it causes toxic effect, making the liver, which is one of the main organs of detoxification, suffer. Recently, the study of the action of not only ionic forms of lead, but also its nanoparticles, has become topical. The study aims at determining changes in the liver of rats and biochemical changes in their blood both at late term of exposure to nanoparticles of lead compounds and in the post-exposure period. The study was performed on 120 male rats of Wistar line, which were divided into two series, each series containing four groups. The first and the second groups of animals were intraperitoneally injected with colloidal solution of nanoparticles of lead sulfide of 10 and 30 nm in size, and the third group were intraperitoneally injected with a solution of lead nitrate. The fourth group of animals served as control. In the first series, the investigated substances were administered 60 times within 12 weeks. In the second series, after 60-fold administration of the investigated substances, the exposure was discontibued and animals were observed for 6 weeks-overall duration of 18 weeks. Histological, morphometrical and biochemical methods were used. The body weight was reduced in the rats exposed to PbS
nano1 at week 12 of experiment and in rats exposed to both PbSnano1 and Pb(NO3 )2 in the second series. Absolute liver weight increased at week 12 of experiment in all experimental groups. In the second series this value almost reached that of the control level. Relative liver weight in the animals of all experimental groups was higher than that in the control at week 12 of experiment. In the second series this value remained higher in rats exposed to PbSnano1 . After 12 weeks of exposure dystrophic changes in the liver were found in all experimental groups. At week 6 after the exposure (the second series) destructive changes in the liver decreased. Total protein, albumin, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides content in blood serum corresponded with morphological data. The experiment has demonstrated that the 12 weeks long exposure to lead nanoparticles had harmful effect on the liver. Within the postexposure 6-weeks period structural changes in the liver and biochemical changes in blood serum decreased. Biochemical changes in blood serum corresponded to the morphological data. By many parameters PbSnano1 had more pronounced harmful effect. Toxicity of PbSnano2 and Pb(NO3 )2 were comparable., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)- Published
- 2018
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5. Autotransplantation of Spleen Mitigates Drug-Induced Liver Damage in Splenectomized Mice.
- Author
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Grunewald STF, Rezende AB, Figueiredo BBM, Mendonça ACP, Almeida CS, de Oliveira EE, de Paoli F, and Teixeira HC
- Subjects
- Acetaminophen toxicity, Animals, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury blood, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury pathology, Disease Models, Animal, Erythrocyte Inclusions, Female, Humans, Liver drug effects, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Necrosis, Spleen physiology, Splenectomy methods, Transplantation, Autologous adverse effects, Transplantation, Autologous methods, Treatment Outcome, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury surgery, Liver pathology, Spleen transplantation, Splenectomy adverse effects
- Abstract
Purpose: The spleen presents numerous functions, including the production of immunoglobulins and blood filtration, removing microorganisms and cellular debris. The spleen also has anatomical and functional relationship with the liver, but there are few studies on this topic. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of splenectomy and autologous spleen transplantation on both filtering functions of spleen and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity., Materials and Methods: Fifty-two BALB/c mice were randomized into four groups: splenectomized; splenectomy and splenic autotransplantation in the greater omentum; sham operated control; and non-operated control. At day 7th, 14th, and 28th after surgery, splenic filtration was assessed by counting Howell-Jolly bodies (HJB) and pitted red cells (PIT). The animals received 400 mg/kg acetaminophen by gavage at day 28
th and after 12 or 24 hours were euthanized for evaluation of splenic and hepatic morphology., Results: The splenectomized group demonstrated reduced filtration of HJB and PIT in all analyzes, while the autotransplanted group developed progressive recovery of function after the 14th day. At day 28 after surgery the implants showed similar histology in comparison to normal spleen. Liver histology showed more intense centrilobular necrosis in splenectomized group in comparison to the others, suggesting a protective role of spleen in acetaminophen-induced liver injury., Conclusions: Splenic implants showed structural and functional recovery, demonstrating the ability of autologous implant to rescue filtering function of intact spleen. Furthermore, the integrity of splenic function appears to influence liver morphology, since the presence of the splenic implants mitigated the effects of chemically-induced liver damage.- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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6. Aqueous calyxes extract of Roselle or Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn supplementation improves liver morphology in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
- Author
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Nazratun Nafizah AH, Budin SB, Zaryantey AH, Mariati AR, Santhana RL, Osman M, Muhd Hanis MI, and Jamaludin M
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Glucose metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 metabolism, Dietary Supplements, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Insulin blood, Liver drug effects, Liver metabolism, Liver Failure diagnosis, Liver Failure etiology, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Antioxidants administration & dosage, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 drug therapy, Hibiscus, Liver ultrastructure, Liver Failure prevention & control, Plant Extracts administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background and Study Aims: The complex series of deleterious events among diabetes patients leads to multiple organ failure. Therefore, a holistic approach of treatment is urgently required to prevent worsening of complications. The present investigation was carried out to study the possible protective effects of Roselle or Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (HSL) calyxes aqueous extract, as an antidiabetic and antioxidant agent against oxidative liver injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats., Material and Methods: A single dose of streptozotocin (45mg/kg body weight, iv) was used to induced diabetes in male Sprague Dawley rats which were then divided into two groups: Diabetic control (DC) and HSL-treated diabetic (DR) group. Normal rats were divided into normal control (NC), HSL-treated control (NR). Aqueous calyxes extract of HSL (100mg/kg/day, orally) was given for 28 consecutive days in the treated group. Weight, biochemical and histopathological (light and electron microscopic) parameters were compared in all groups., Results: Supplementation of HSL significantly lowered the level of fasting blood glucose and increased plasma insulin level in DR group compared to DC group (p<0.05). Alanine aminotransaminases and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes level were found to be significantly reduced in DR compared to DC. Microscopic examination demonstrated destruction of the liver architecture, cytoplasmic vacuolation of the hepatocytes and signs of necrosis in diabetic rats. Moreover, dilatation and congestion of blood vessels with leucocytes adherence were detected. Ultrastructural study using electron microscope showed homogeneous substance accumulation in nuclear chromatin, a decrease of organelles and mitochondrial degeneration in the diabetic rats., Conclusion: Administration of HSL in diabetic rats causes significant decrease in hepatocyte destruction and prevented the changes associated with the diabetic condition. Thus, our findings provide a scientific rationale for the use of HSL as promising agent in preventing liver injury in diabetes., (Copyright © 2017 Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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7. Alcohol exposure during late ovine gestation alters fetal liver iron homeostasis without apparent dysmorphology.
- Author
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Sozo F, Dick AM, Bensley JG, Kenna K, Brien JF, Harding R, and De Matteo R
- Subjects
- Animals, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides metabolism, Apoptosis drug effects, Cation Transport Proteins metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Ethanol pharmacology, Female, Fetal Development drug effects, Hepcidins, Homeostasis drug effects, Liver drug effects, Models, Animal, Organ Size drug effects, Placenta metabolism, Pregnancy, Sheep, Ethanol adverse effects, Fetus metabolism, Homeostasis physiology, Iron metabolism, Liver metabolism, Liver pathology, Pregnancy, Animal metabolism, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects metabolism
- Abstract
High levels of alcohol (ethanol) exposure during fetal life can affect liver development and can increase susceptibility to infection after birth. Our aim was to determine the effects of a moderate level of ethanol exposure in late gestation on the morphology, iron status, and inflammatory status of the ovine fetal liver. Pregnant ewes were chronically catheterized at 91 days of gestation (DG; term ~145 DG) for daily intravenous infusion of ethanol (0.75 g/kg maternal body wt; n = 8) or saline (n = 7) over 1 h from 95 to 133 DG. At necropsy (134 DG), fetal livers were collected for analysis. Liver weight, general liver morphology, hepatic cell proliferation and apoptosis, perivascular collagen deposition, and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, or IL-8 mRNA levels were not different between groups. However, ethanol exposure led to significant decreases in hepatic content of ferric iron and gene expression of the iron-regulating hormone hepcidin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (all P < 0.05). In the placenta, there was no difference in transferrin receptor, divalent metal transporter 1, and ferritin mRNA levels; however, ferroportin mRNA levels were increased in ethanol-exposed animals (P < 0.05), and ferroportin protein tended to be increased (P = 0.054). Plasma iron concentration was not different between control and ethanol-exposed groups; control fetuses had significantly higher iron concentrations than their mothers, whereas maternal and fetal iron concentrations were similar in ethanol-exposed animals. We conclude that daily ethanol exposure during the third-trimester-equivalent in sheep does not alter fetal liver morphology; however, decreased fetal liver ferric iron content and altered hepcidin and ferroportin gene expression indicate that iron homeostasis is altered.
- Published
- 2013
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8. Morphological Variation of liver and it's clinical importance.
- Author
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V., Sangeetha, shanthi d'sa, Divya, and Shrish, Patil
- Subjects
- *
LIVER , *MEDICAL sciences , *ANATOMICAL variation , *SURGICAL complications , *VISCERA - Abstract
Background: Liver is the largest abdominal viscera located in right hypochondrium, epigastrium and left hypochondrium in the abdomen proper. The present study helps radiologists in diagnosis and surgeons in preventing undue surgical complication. The most common causes for morphological variation of liver is embryological in origin. Aim: To determine gross anatomical variations of liver and its clinical importance. Materials and methods: A total of 50 formalin fixed cadaveric livers irrespective of the age, gender studied in the Department of Anatomy, Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Subbaiah Institute Of Medical Sciences Shimoga Karnataka. Morphological variationswere found in 34 cadavers. The preserved normal livers were studied under day light and photos were recorded. Results: 68%specimens had variations(34 out of 50). Accessory fissures were seen in 26 (52%) specimens, elongated left lobe in 8 (16%) specimens and lingular projection of left lobe in 6(12%) specimens. Ponshepatis observed in 5(10%) specimen. Hypertrophied papillary process was present in 4(8%)specimen. Conclusion: Knowledge of such morphological variations will help the anatomist, radiologists in better interpretation and also surgeons to plan for surgical procedures thereby preventing undue complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
9. Surgical Anatomy of the Liver—Significance in Ovarian Cancer Surgery.
- Author
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Kostov, Stoyan, Selçuk, Ilker, Watrowski, Rafał, Dineva, Svetla, Kornovski, Yavor, Slavchev, Stanislav, Ivanova, Yonka, Dzhenkov, Deyan, and Yordanov, Angel
- Subjects
- *
SURGICAL & topographical anatomy , *ONCOLOGIC surgery , *LIVER surgery , *HUMAN dissection , *OVARIAN cancer , *LIVER , *HISTOLOGY , *ASCITIC fluids - Abstract
Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among all gynecological malignancies. Most patients present with an advanced stage of the disease. The routes of spread in ovarian cancer include peritoneal dissemination, direct invasion, and lymphatic or hematogenous spread, with peritoneal and lymphatic spread being the most common among them. The flow direction of the peritoneal fluid makes the right subphrenic space a target site for peritoneal metastases, and the most frequently affected anatomical area in advanced cases is the right upper quadrant. Complete cytoreduction with no macroscopically visible disease is the most important prognostic factor. Methods: We reviewed published clinical anatomy reports associated with surgery of the liver in cases of advanced ovarian cancer. Results: The disease could disseminate anatomical areas, where complex surgery is required—Morrison's pouch, the liver surface, or porta hepatis. The aim of the present article is to emphasize and delineate the gross anatomy of the liver and its surgical application for oncogynecologists. Moreover, the association between the gross and microscopic anatomy of the liver is discussed. Additionally, the vascular supply and variations of the liver are clearly described. Conclusions: Oncogynecologists performing liver mobilization, diaphragmatic stripping, and porta hepatis dissection must have a thorough knowledge of liver anatomy, including morphology, variations, functional status, potential diagnostic imaging mistakes, and anatomical limits of dissection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Correction with thiocetam of lead nanoparticles influence on morpho-functional status of rat liver.
- Author
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Omelchuk, Sergii, Aleksiichuk, Vasyl, Chaikovsky, Yuri, and Sokurenko, Liudmyla
- Subjects
- *
LIVER , *NANOPARTICLES , *LEAD toxicology , *LEAD sulfide , *SERUM , *MEASUREMENT of glucose in the body , *LIVER cells - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of Thiocetam on morphological changes in the liver of rats and on biochemical changes in their blood after exposure to lead nanoparticles and compounds. The liver is an organ that performs a number of functions, such as the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, plasma components and the neutralization of toxins. It is involved in many metabolic processes in the body. In undertaking this, colloidal solutions of lead sulphide nanoparticles at dosages 10 nm and 30 nm were injected into two groups of rats, PbSnano1 and PbSnano2, respectively, while group Pb(NO3) received subcutaneously a solution of lead nitrate in ion form in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg (0.94 mg/kg lead, in lead equivalent). After 60 administrations (12 weeks) of the studied substances, the exposure was discontinued and the animals were observed for 18 weeks. Subsequently, half of each group received Thiocetam by injection (for 6 weeks at a dose of 250 mg/kg) while the other half did not. We then assessed the mean body weight, absolute and relative liver weight, blood biochemistry values (total protein, albumin, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides levels in blood serum) and morphological changes in hepatocytes (morphological slides, nuclei cross-sectional area and cytoplasm cross-sectional area). The outcome of this work showed that the mean body weight of animals exposed to nanoparticles with Tiocetam did not differ from that of animals exposed to nanoparticles without pharmacological correction, but relative liver weight was statistically significantly higher than the corresponding values in rats without pharmacological correction. The morphological picture in all study group animals was characterized by the normalization of microvessel blood filling, structure of hepatic plates, disappearance of infiltration with lymphocytes and histiocytes. No dystrophic changes in hepatocytes were found. All this indicates the feasibility of preventive measures during exposure to lead nanoparticles, by administering Thiocetam. In both series of animals exposed to lead nanoparticles (PbSnano1 and PbSnano2), the cross-sectional area of the hepatocytes cytoplasm and the cross-sectional area of the hepatocytes nuclei were smaller than just after exposure, but in the series with Thiocetam adminstration, all the values did not differ from those in the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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11. Autotransplantation of Spleen Mitigates Drug-Induced Liver Damage in Splenectomized Mice
- Author
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Sabrine Teixeira Ferraz Grunewald, Alice Belleigoli Rezende, Bárbara Bruna Muniz Figueiredo, Ana Carolina de Paula Mendonça, Caroline de Souza Almeida, Erick Esteves de Oliveira, Flávia de Paoli, and Henrique Couto Teixeira
- Subjects
spleen ,splenectomy ,howell-jolly bodies ,liver morphology ,acetaminophen ,liver ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Purpose: The spleen presents numerous functions, including the production of immunoglobulins and blood filtration, removing microorganisms and cellular debris. The spleen also has anatomical and functional relationship with the liver, but there are few studies on this topic. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of splenectomy and autologous spleen transplantation on both filtering functions of spleen and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two BALB/c mice were randomized into four groups: splenectomized; splenectomy and splenic autotransplantation in the greater omentum; sham operated control; and non-operated control. At day 7th, 14th, and 28th after surgery, splenic filtration was assessed by counting Howell-Jolly bodies (HJB) and pitted red cells (PIT). The animals received 400 mg/kg acetaminophen by gavage at day 28th and after 12 or 24 hours were euthanized for evaluation of splenic and hepatic morphology. Results: The splenectomized group demonstrated reduced filtration of HJB and PIT in all analyzes, while the autotransplanted group developed progressive recovery of function after the 14th day. At day 28 after surgery the implants showed similar histology in comparison to normal spleen. Liver histology showed more intense centrilobular necrosis in splenectomized group in comparison to the others, suggesting a protective role of spleen in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Conclusions: Splenic implants showed structural and functional recovery, demonstrating the ability of autologous implant to rescue filtering function of intact spleen. Furthermore, the integrity of splenic function appears to influence liver morphology, since the presence of the splenic implants mitigated the effects of chemically-induced liver damage.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The effects of dietary Lycium barbarum extract on growth performance, liver health and immune related genes expression in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × E. fuscoguttatus♀) fed high lipid diets.
- Author
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Tan, Xiaohong, Sun, Zhenzhu, Ye, Chaoxia, and Lin, Heizhao
- Subjects
- *
DIGESTIVE enzymes , *GENE expression , *LIPIDS , *FISH nutrition , *LIVER - Abstract
Abstract Growth performance, hepatic morphology and antioxidant ability, and expressions of antioxidant, inflammatory and apoptosis related genes were investigated in hybrid grouper fed high lipid diets containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 10 g kg−1 Lycium barbarum extract (LBE) for 8-week feeding. The study showed that dietary LBE significantly increased weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish (P < 0.05), the highest WGR and SGR were observed in fish fed 10.00 g kg−1 LBE diet. Dietary LBE improved liver morphology by decreasing hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by high lipid diets. Meanwhile, high lipid diets supplemented with 0.5–2 g kg−1 LBE improved hepatic antioxidant ability by increasing the expression of antioxidant genes (GPx and CAT) and decreasing Keap1 mRNA levels. Moreover, dietary supplementation with 0.50–2.00 g kg −1 LBE significantly decreased IL-8, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 mRNA levels and significantly increased IL-10 and TGF-β1 mRNA levels in the liver of fish fed high lipid diets. In conclusion, high lipid diets supplemented with LBE improved growth performance, feed utilization and liver health in hybrid groupers by increasing hepatic antioxidant enzymes activity and its genes expression, as well as inhibition of hepatic inflammatory response and apoptosis. Highlights • Dietary Lycium barbarum extract (LBE) improved growth in hybrid groupers fed high lipid diets. • Dietary LBE improved hepatic morphology and antioxidant abilities in hybrid groupers. • Dietary LBE reduced inflammation and apoptosis in hybrid groupers fed high lipid diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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13. Combined replacement of fishmeal and fish oil in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Production performance, tissue composition and liver morphology.
- Author
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Torrecillas, S., Robaina, L., Caballero, M.J., Montero, D., Calandra, G., Mompel, D., Karalazos, V., Kaushik, S., and Izquierdo, M.S.
- Subjects
- *
EUROPEAN seabass , *FISH meal , *FISH oils , *LIVER , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *ANATOMY - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of maximum replacement of fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) by alternative meals (AM) and oils (AO) to develop nutritious, but more eco-friendly diets for European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) juveniles. European sea bass of 9.8 ± 1.5 g and 9.1 ± 0.5 cm were fed nine isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (21%) diets containing gradually reduced levels of FM and FO as follows (%FM/%FO): 58/15, 20/6, 20/3, 10/6, 10/3, 5/6, 5/3 and 0/0. Another diet, 0/0 + , was similar to the 0/0 but supplemented with LC-PUFA from microbial and marine sources. After 90 days of feeding, European sea bass fed the 0/0 diet showed reduced (P < 0.05) final weight, final length, condition factor, perivisceral fat index and viscero-somatic index as well as feed efficiency, whereas addition of LC-PUFA significantly improved daily growth index (DGI) (0/0 + diet). Reduction of FM/FO down to 5/3 did not significantly affect fish survival or condition factor, whereas reduction to 5/6 did neither affect sea bass length or feed conversion and reduction down to 10/3 did not affected body weight, DGI and perivisceral fat or visceral weight. FM reductions down to 5% significantly reduced growth rate. FO substitution by vegetable oils (VO) led to reduced growth and increased liver to body weight ratios, liver lipid deposition and hepatocellular size. In liver and muscle, FO substitution increased n-6 fatty acids (FA) and n-6/n-3 ratio and reduced saturated FA and n-3 LC-PUFA, whereas monounsaturated FA were not increased in proportion to dietary contents. Moreover, FO reduction increased the products from Δ6 desaturase and elongases, Elovl6 and Elovl5. In conclusion, the results of this study show that it is possible to reduce dietary FM and FO levels down to 10% and 3% in mostly plant-based diets without affecting growth performance of European sea bass juveniles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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14. Comparative liver morphology associated with the hepatosomatic index in five Neotropical anuran species
- Author
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Taynara R. F. Leão, Sandriely Fernanda Marcondes, Lilian Franco-Belussi, Classius de Oliveira, Carlos Eurico dos Santos Fernandes, Mayara Schueroff Siqueira, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Liver morphology ,Histology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Zoology ,histometry ,hepatic compounds ,Elachistocleis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Leptodactylus podicipinus ,Negatively associated ,Animals ,Trachycephalus typhonius ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Lysapsus limellum ,media_common ,Sex Characteristics ,biology ,Reproduction ,structural density ,Pseudis ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Liver ,Hepatocytes ,hepatocytes ,Female ,Anura ,Anatomy ,Brazil ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-28 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Fundacao Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS/MEC DS-CA scholarship The liver is an important metabolic organ in vertebrates. In anurans, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) reflects differences in energy storage and reproductive activities between males and females. The objective of this study was to describe the histological and histometric parameters of the livers of five species of Neotropical anurans, taking sex-related differences into account. We also tested how the relationship between quantitative histometric variables and HSI varied between males and females in different species. Five males and five females of Elachistocleis matogrosso, Leptodactylus podicipinus, Lysapsus limellum, Pseudis platensis, and Trachycephalus typhonius were captured in central Brazil during the rainy season. HSI did not vary according to sex, but it varied among species. Elachistocleis matogrosso had the highest HSI due to the large hepatocyte size. The percentage of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) was higher in P. platensis and L. limellum. In T. thyphonius, hepatocyte area was negatively associated with HSI, while the MMC percentages were positively associated with HSI. The liver plays a key role in reproductive activities, especially for species with explosive reproduction. Additionally, histometric patterns and volumetric structural density varied between males and females due to energy utilization for reproduction. Not only are these results important for future studies on hepatic morphophysiology but they also provide tools for evolutionary and phylogenetic studies. Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Inst Biosci, Grad Program Anim Biol, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Inst Biosci, Lab Expt Pathol, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil CNPq: 304552/2019-4 FAPESP: 2018/01078-7
- Published
- 2020
15. Diverse liver morphology in two cases of visceral leishmaniasis: Same face, different expressions
- Author
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Shashi Dhawan and Satyender S Dharamdesani
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Biopsy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Bone Marrow Examination ,medicine.disease ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Infectious Diseases ,Visceral leishmaniasis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Liver ,Liver biopsy ,medicine ,Humans ,Leishmaniasis, Visceral ,Bone marrow ,business - Abstract
Two cases of visceral leishmaniasis are presented; one patient was from an endemic region and visceral leishmaniasis was suspected clinically, while the other was from a non-endemic region and it was not suspected clinically. Bone marrow examination was negative in both cases and both showed different morphological pictures in the liver biopsies. These are discussed. Importance of travel history is also highlighted even if it is in distant past.
- Published
- 2021
16. Effects of Tyrosine and Tryptophan in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity
- Author
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Antonina A. Shumakova, Ivan V. Gmoshinski, Sergey A. Apryatin, N V Trusov, D. B. Nikityuk, Nikolay A Riger, Anastasia S Balakina, and V A Shipelin
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,obesity ,Vacuole ,memory ,lcsh:Chemistry ,0302 clinical medicine ,Tyrosine ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Spectroscopy ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Computer Science Applications ,Amino acid ,Liver ,medicine.symptom ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Inflammation ,liver morphology ,Article ,Catalysis ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,tryptophan ,Rats, Wistar ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Triglycerides ,Control level ,behavior ,Body Weight ,Organic Chemistry ,Tryptophan ,Feeding Behavior ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,cytokines ,Diet ,rats ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,inflammation ,Energy Metabolism ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,tyrosine - Abstract
Amino acids tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) play a significant role in the regulation of energy metabolism, locomotor activity, and eating behavior. We studied the possibility of modulating these processes in obesity by increasing the pool of Tyr and Trp in the experimental diet. As a model of obesity, we used Wistar rats fed a diet with an excess specific energy value (HFCD) for 64 days. Trp led to a normalization of the rats’ body weight almost to the control level, but increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased long-term memory. The consumption of amino acids resulted in increased grip strength and impairment of short-term memory. The locomotor activity of animals decreased with age as a result of Tyr consumption, while Trp, on the contrary, prevented this. The Tyr supplementation led to the normalization of triglycerides and LDL. In the spleen cell lysates, amino acids suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The liver tissue morphology showed that the consumption of Tyr noticeably weakened the signs of fatty degeneration. The addition of Trp, on the contrary, led to an unfavorable effect, consisting of the appearance of a high number of large rounded fatty vacuoles. The data obtained indicate a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of Tyr as compared to Trp.
- Published
- 2021
17. Effects of Tyrosine and Tryptophan Supplements on the Vital Indicators in Mice Differently Prone to Diet-Induced Obesity
- Author
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Sergey A. Apryatin, V A Shipelin, D. B. Nikityuk, Antonina A. Shumakova, N V Trusov, Ivan V. Gmoshinski, K V Mzhel'skaya, Andrey N Timonin, and Nikolay A Riger
- Subjects
Male ,obesity ,medicine.medical_specialty ,mice ,QH301-705.5 ,Dopamine ,Adipokine ,Inflammation ,liver morphology ,Diet, High-Fat ,Article ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Muscle tone ,Internal medicine ,Edema ,medicine ,Animals ,tryptophan ,Neurotransmitter metabolism ,Biology (General) ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Tyrosine ,QD1-999 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,behavior ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Tryptophan ,General Medicine ,cytokines ,Computer Science Applications ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Liver ,Mice, Inbred DBA ,inflammation ,Dietary Supplements ,medicine.symptom ,tyrosine ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We studied the effects of the addition of large neutral amino acids, such as tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp), in mice DBA/2J and tetrahybrid mice DBCB receiving a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) for 65 days. The locomotor activity, anxiety, muscle tone, mass of internal organs, liver morphology, adipokines, cytokines, and biochemical indices of animals were assessed. The Tyr supplementation potentiated increased anxiety in EPM and contributed to a muscle tone increase, a decrease in the AST/ALT ratio, and an increase in protein anabolism in both mice strains. Tyr contributed to a decrease in liver fatty degeneration and ALT reduction only in DBCB that were sensitive to the development of obesity. The addition of Trp caused an increase in muscle tone and potentiated an increase in anxiety with age in animals of both genotypes. Trp had toxic effects on the livers of mice, which was manifested in increased fatty degeneration in DBCB, edema, and the appearance of micronuclei in DBA/2J. The main identified effects of Tyr on mice are considered in the light of its modulating effect on the dopamine neurotransmitter metabolism, while for the Trp supplement, effects were presumably associated with the synthesis of its toxic metabolites by representatives of the intestinal microflora.
- Published
- 2021
18. Kupffer cell activity is involved in the hepatoprotective effect of dietary oligofructose in rats with endotoxic shock.
- Author
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Neyrinck, Audrey M., Alexiou, Hélène, Delzenne, Nathalie M., and Alexiou, Hélène
- Subjects
- *
RESEARCH , *NUTRITION , *DIET , *FOOD , *LIVER , *MORPHOLOGY , *AGING , *RATS , *BLOOD sugar analysis , *ANIMALS , *BODY temperature , *CARBON , *COLLOIDS , *ENZYMES , *CARBOHYDRATE content of food , *INFLAMMATORY mediators , *MACROPHAGES , *OLIGOSACCHARIDES , *PHARMACOLOGY , *SEPTIC shock , *TRIGLYCERIDES , *TUMOR necrosis factors , *LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES , *IN vitro studies , *DINOPROSTONE - Abstract
In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that dietary oligofructose (FOS) can modulate both the response to an endotoxic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration and the activity of resident hepatic macrophages, i.e., Kupffer cells. Male Wistar rats (n = 5-9 per group) were fed a standard diet or a diet supplemented with 10 g/100 g FOS for 3 wk. LPS (10 mg/kg) or saline were injected i.p. after dietary treatment. After LPS injection, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), an immunosuppressive mediator, were higher in FOS-treated rats than in control rats. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was approximately 50% lower than in controls 24 h after LPS administration in FOS-treated rats, suggesting less hepatic injury; this was confirmed through histological analysis. FOS treatment increased the number of large phagocytic Kupffer cells, as assessed by histological examination of the liver after colloidal carbon injection into the portal vein. Precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) from FOS-treated rats released more TNF-alpha and PGE(2) into the incubation medium than PCLS from control rats, independently of LPS challenge in vitro. This would suggest that the higher Kupffer cell phagocytic activity and secretion capacity due to FOS supplementation improve LPS clearance in liver tissue and reduce hepatocyte alterations. This study supports the hypothesis that oligofructose might decrease liver tissue injury after endotoxic shock and sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Effect of Zn Supplementation on Trace Element Status in Rats with Diet-Induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- Author
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Eugenia R. Gatiatulina, Elizaveta V. Popova, Evgenia A. Sheina, Anatoly V. Skalny, Alexandr A. Nikonorov, Olga N. Nemereshina, A. I. Sinitskii, Valentina S. Polyakova, Alexey A. Tinkov, and Eduard F. Agletdinov
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Zinc ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Liver weight ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Metabolic study ,Animals ,Dietary supplementation ,Rats, Wistar ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,0303 health sciences ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Fatty liver ,Trace element ,Non alcoholic ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Diet ,Rats ,Trace Elements ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Liver ,Dietary Supplements ,Female - Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the effect of Zn supplementation on trace element levels in the liver, serum, and hair of rats with dietary-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A total of 26 3-month-old female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, NAFLD, Zn-supplemented (227 mg/L zinc as Zn sulfate Zn(SO)4 dissolved in a drinking water), and NAFLD-Zn-supplemented. NAFLD was verified by histological assessment of liver samples. The serum was examined for routine biochemical parameters. Trace elements content was assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Zn treatment resulted in an improvement in liver weight and morphology. Dietary supplementation with Zn prevented NAFLD-induced decrease liver Co. The tendency to increase liver Fe in the Zn-treated group was observed. Zn treatment decreased hepatic Al and serum V levels. However, Zn administration did not affect NAFLD-induced I, Mn, and Se depletion in the liver. Hair Zn levels raised in Zn-supplemented groups. Conclusively, the results of the study indicate that Zn supplementation could have a beneficial effect in modulation of the altered trace element status and liver morphology. •Zn treatment improved liver weight and morphology in rats with NAFLD. •Zn supplementation decreased liver Al in NAFLD. •Treatment by Zn prevented depletion of liver Co. •Zn decreased serum V and increased hair Zn levels. •No effect of Zn on NAFLD-induced hepatic I, Mn and Se depletion was observed.
- Published
- 2019
20. Alkylphenolic contaminants in the diet: Sparus aurata juveniles hepatic response
- Author
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D.G. Mita, Alberta Mandich, A. Scorolli, Ilaria Traversi, Giorgia Gioacchini, and Oliana Carnevali
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Food Contamination ,Biology ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Vitellogenins ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Phenols ,Biotransformation ,Adverse health effect ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Endocrine system ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,Phenol ,Body Weight ,Egg Proteins ,Organ Size ,Hepatic tissue ,Contamination ,Lipid Metabolism ,Sea Bream ,Diet ,Nonylphenol ,Liver ,chemistry ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Biomarkers ,Hormone - Abstract
A wide range of endocrine disrupter chemicals can mimic steroid hormones causing adverse health effects. Nonylphenol (NP) and t-octhylphenol (t-OP) are man-made alkylphenolic environmental contaminants possessing controversial endocrine disruption properties. This study has investigated the effects of NP and t-OP enriched diets on hepatic tissue and biotransformation activities in the liver. To this aim, sea bream juveniles were fed with commercial diet enriched with three different doses of NP (NP1: 5mg/kg bw, NP2: 50mg/kg bw and NP3: 100mg/kg bw) or t-OP (t-OP1: 5mg/kg bw, t-OP2: 50mg/kg bw and t-OP3: 100mg/kg bw) for 21 days. A significant increase of the hepatosomatic index was observed in NP1 and t-OP1. Alteration of liver morphology was observed in both NP and t-OP exposed juveniles although the most altered endpoints were observed in t-OP2 with 100% of tissue degeneration. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity was significantly inhibited by NP and t-OP (p0.05), while catalase activity was significantly induced, at both doses. A different pattern of protein expression of different isoforms of both vitellogenin and zona radiata protein was evidenced within the treatments. In addition, a significant increase in the abundance of the stress induced heat shock protein 70 gene in the liver of t-OP2 fish and a significant increase in the abundance of the estrogen induced cathepsin D gene in the liver of NP1 and t-OP2 fish, were observed. Finally, estradiol-17β (E2) and testosterone (T) plasma levels and E2/T showed significantly different patterns in NP and t-OP exposed against control fish.
- Published
- 2014
21. Effects of Cimicifuga racemosa extract on liver morphology and hepatic function indices
- Author
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A. Di Sotto, Sabina Mastrangelo, Gabriela Mazzanti, Caterina Loredana Mammola, Annabella Vitalone, Antonio Franchitto, and M. Pezzella
- Subjects
Male ,Liver morphology ,hepatotoxicity ,Cimicifuga ,Black cohosh ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Herbaceous perennial ,Hepatic function ,"liverhistomorphology" ,cimicifuga racemosa ,Drug Discovery ,Animals ,Medicine ,Rats, Wistar ,"immunohistochemistry" ,"hepatotoxicity" ,Pharmacology ,Traditional medicine ,liver function indices ,Plant Extracts ,business.industry ,Cimicifuga racemosa ,Glutathione ,black cohosh ,Rats ,"liver function indices" ,"black cohosh" ,Liver ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Black Cohosh Extract ,immunohistochemistry ,liver histomorphology ,"cimicifuga racemosa" ,Molecular Medicine ,business ,Climacteric ,Cimicifuga racemosa extract - Abstract
Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) is a herbaceous perennial plant, that has been traditionally used for a variety of ailments (dyspepsia, climacteric complaints, muscular rheumatisms, menstrual cramps). From laboratory and clinical studies, black cohosh seems to have a relatively good safety profile, even if a number of case reports of hepatotoxicity were a matter of recent concern. Aim A number of case reports indicated that C. racemosa could induce hepatotoxicity. We evaluated the effects of black cohosh extract on liver morphology, and on levels of various hepatic function indices in rats. Methods Wistar rats received 300 mg/kg/day of C. racemosa extract by gavage, for 30 days. Biochemical analysis of serum was conducted by an automated, random-access clinical chemistry analyzer. Liver samples were used for hystomorphological and immunohistochemical examination, for the detection of apoptosis (TUNEL assay), and for the determination of GSH level (spectrophotometrical analysis). Results C. racemosa extract does not affect liver morphology and hepatic function indices, in rats. Conclusions On the basis of experimental data, the use of 300 mg/kg/day of black cohosh appears quite safe in rats. Nevertheless, in humans the safety of C. racemosa should be further monitored, in terms of patient-related factors.
- Published
- 2008
22. Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) and Transient Elastography (TE) for evaluation of liver fibrosis in HIV-HCV co-infected patients
- Author
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Philippe Morlat, Victor de Ledinghen, Fabrice Bonnet, M. Hessamfar, Paul Perez, Jean Delaune, Nora Frulio, Julien Asselineau, Marianne Vandenhende, Florent Maire, Hervé Trillaud, Autard, Delphine, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et interventionelle, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Hôpital Saint-André, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche Clinique (USMR), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses [Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Saint-André, Physiopathologie du cancer du foie, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d ' investigation de la fibrose hépatique, and CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Hôpital Haut-Lévêque [CHU Bordeaux]
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,Adult ,Liver Cirrhosis ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Scoring system ,Transient elastography ,Liver fibrosis ,HIV-HCV co-infected patients ,HIV Infections ,Hepacivirus ,[SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fibrosis ,Medicine ,Humans ,Acoustic radiation force ,ARFI elastography ,[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,business.industry ,Coinfection ,Ultrasound ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Hepatitis C ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,Liver ,Elasticity Imaging Techniques ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Female ,Radiology ,business ,Kappa ,Research Article - Abstract
International audience; BACKGROUND: Transient elastography (TE) is widely used for non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in HIV-HCV co-infected patients. TE, however, cannot determine liver morphology. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is a novel procedure enabling assessment of liver fibrosis during a conventional ultrasonographic examination. This study evaluated the correlation between liver fibrosis measurements by TE and ARFI. METHODS: Each of 46 HIV-HCV patients underwent both ARFI and TE within 6 months. Patients were evaluated by the "equivalent METAVIR" scoring system, using previously established cut-off values. Agreements between the ARFI and TE scores were estimated by Kappa coefficients, with Kappa values ≥0.40, ≥0.60, and ≥0.80 defined as moderate, good and very good agreement, respectively. RESULTS: ARFI and TE yielded "Equivalent Metavir" fibrosis scores of F1 in 26 and 31 patients, respectively; F2 in nine and seven, respectively; F3 in three and two, respectively; and F4 in eight and six, respectively. The two methods showed very good agreement in predicting overall stages [Kappa = 0.82] and for F ≥3 [Kappa = 0.80] and moderate agreement in predicting significant fibrosis F ≥2 [Kappa = 0.50]. Morphologic ultrasound analysis concomitant to ARFI detected two hepatocarcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: ARFI showed promising results in the non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in HIV-HCV patients, with liver fibrosis staging similar to that of TE. Moreover, ARFI can assess morphology and fibrosis during the same session.
- Published
- 2014
23. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: MR imaging features
- Author
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Donald G. Mitchell, Roberto Blasbalg, Katsuyoshi Ito, and Eric K. Outwater
- Subjects
Adult ,Gadolinium DTPA ,Liver Cirrhosis ,Male ,Liver morphology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Cholangitis, Sclerosing ,Contrast Media ,Intrahepatic bile ducts ,digestive system ,Primary sclerosing cholangitis ,Cholangiography ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Extrahepatic Bile Ducts ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Bile duct ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Mr imaging ,Stenosis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Liver ,Female ,Bile Ducts ,Lymph Nodes ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of MR imaging features of primary sclerosing cholangitis.A retrospective review was performed of MR imaging findings including MR cholangiography and multiphasic contrast-enhanced dynamic sequences in 22 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. MR imaging analysis included abnormalities of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, abnormalities of liver parenchyma, changes in liver morphology, and lymphadenopathy.Abnormal findings of bile ducts were seen in all 22 patients; the most common finding was intrahepatic bile duct dilatation (77%), followed by intrahepatic bile duct stenosis (64%), extrahepatic bile duct wall enhancement (67%), extrahepatic bile duct wall thickening (50%), extrahepatic bile duct stenosis (50%), and intrahepatic bile duct beading (36%). Increased enhancement of the liver parenchyma on dynamic arterial-phase images, predominantly in the peripheral areas of the liver, was identified in 56% of patients. Other findings included periportal lymphadenopathy (77%), periportal high signal intensity on T2-weighted images (68%), hypertrophy of the caudate lobe (68%), and abnormal hyperintensity of the liver parenchyma on T1-weighted images (23%).On MR imaging, primary sclerosing cholangitis showed several characteristic features, including bile duct abnormalities and increased enhancement of the liver parenchyma. MR cholangiography and contrast-enhanced dynamic MR techniques are useful for revealing intra- and extrahepatic signs of primary sclerosing cholangitis.
- Published
- 1999
24. Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate (SAIB): Historical Aspects of its use in Beverages and a Review of Toxicity Studies Prior to 1988
- Author
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R.C. Reynolds and C.I. Chappel
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,Sucrose ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carbonated Beverages ,Toxicology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biliary excretion ,Dogs ,Internal medicine ,Toxicity Tests ,Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Sucrose acetate isobutyrate ,Drug Approval ,No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level ,Toxicity data ,Qualitative difference ,Safety studies ,Haplorhini ,General Medicine ,History, 20th Century ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,Liver ,chemistry ,Toxicity ,Food Additives ,Food Science - Abstract
Sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB), a mixture of esters of sucrose with a composition approximating the name sucrose diacetate hexaisobutyrate, has been used for over 30 yr in many countries as a 'weighting' or 'density-adjusting' agent in non-alcoholic carbonated and non-carbonated beverages. As part of the demonstration of safety of SAIB as a direct food additive in human diets, a program of toxicity testing was started in the late 1950s that culminated in extensive studies of SAIB in rodents, monkeys and humans over the last decade. This review summarizes the toxicity data, accrued up until 1988, that precede the safety studies published elsewhere in this issue. SAIB has been shown to have very low acute and chronic toxicities in rats, monkeys, and, except for effects on the liver, in dogs at feeding levels of up to 10% in the diet. Slight effects seen in rats and monkeys at levels of 10% in the diet are unlikely to be directly caused by exposure to SAIB. In dogs, however, SAIB causes decreases in bromosulfophthalein (BSP) and indocyanine green (ICG) elimination from the serum immediately following a single dose, indicative of interference with biliary excretion. On repeated feeding in dogs, SAIB caused increases in serum alkaline phosphatase levels, but enzymes indicative of toxic effects on the liver were unaffected. On prolonged feeding to dogs, SAIB caused changes in liver morphology revealed by electron microscopy. All of these effects were reversed when SAIB was withdrawn from the diet. The no-effect level for these effects in dogs was near 5 mg/kg body weight, but these effects were not seen in rats fed up to 4 g/kg body weight/day, monkeys fed up to 10 g/kg body weight/day, or humans fed up to 20 mg/kg body weight/day. The toxicity and pharmacological studies in dogs, rats and monkeys suggest that the effect of SAIB on biliary excretion and liver morphology in dogs is essentially pharmacological rather than toxicological in nature and that the difference between the effects in dogs at levels as low as 5 mg/kg body weight/day, and the lack of effects in rats or monkeys at levels up to 10 g/kg/day is not merely a quantitative difference between species, but an absolute qualitative difference.
- Published
- 1998
25. Liver morphologic analysis in perinatal autopsies with intrauterine stress liver morphology in perinatal autopsies
- Author
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Rosana Rosa Miranda Corrêa, Lívia Ferreira Oliveira, Ana Paula Espindula, Eumenia Costa da Cunha Castro, Camila Souza de Oliveira Guimarães, Laura Penna Rocha, Lívia Helena de Morais Pereira, Camila Lourencini Cavellani, and Ana Paula Fernandes da Silva Monteiro
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,Adult ,Liver Cirrhosis ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Extramedullary erythropoiesis ,Perinatal care ,Gestational Age ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Fibrosis ,Pregnancy ,Stress, Physiological ,Cause of Death ,medicine ,Humans ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,Fetal Death ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Liver Diseases ,Fatty liver ,General Medicine ,Hypoxia (medical) ,medicine.disease ,Extramedullary hematopoiesis ,Fatty Liver ,Fetal Diseases ,Liver ,Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Autopsy ,medicine.symptom ,Steatosis ,business ,Brazil - Abstract
Quantify steatosis, fibrosis, and focuses of extramedullary erythropoiesis (ER) in the liver and report it to the causes of death in the perinatal. Morphologic analysis of steatosis', percentage of fibrosis, and ER of 467 perinatal autopsies. Cases with hypoxia/perinatal anoxia and ascending infection showed higher percentage of fibrosis. The number of ER was significantly higher among premature infants and in cases with infection. Our results contribute to a better quality of perinatal care through clinical demonstration of which injuries are associated with them, what may help in early diagnosis of these alterations in children who survive.
- Published
- 2012
26. Peculiarities of the liver histology of laboratory rodents
- Author
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J. Güttner
- Subjects
Cell Nucleus ,Inclusion Bodies ,Liver morphology ,Cytoplasm ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,Ploidies ,Euthanasia ,Kupffer Cells ,Population ,Rodentia ,Histology ,Biology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Liver ,Animals, Laboratory ,Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary ,medicine ,Animals ,Liver histology ,education ,Cell Division ,Hormone - Abstract
Although the general liver morphology is similar in all mammals, there are some structural features in apparently healthy laboratory rodents. These peculiarities are known to be influenced by a great variety of endogenous and exogenous factors. Incidence, intensity, development and disappearance of such elements as extramedullary haemopoiesis, polyploidy, intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions depend markedly upon genetics, age, hygienic condition, hormonal regulation and nutrition of the animals. It is concluded from this short review that the term "normal histology" should only be understood as being relative and that it may only be applied to a given, well defined animal population held under well defined conditions.
- Published
- 1990
27. Imaging of the liver by helical CT and MR imaging
- Author
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Kazuo Awai, Koichi Kawanaka, Yasuyuki Yamashita, and Shoji Morishita
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,Blood flow ,Mr imaging ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Helical ct ,Lesion ,Infectious Diseases ,Liver ,Virology ,medicine ,Humans ,Liver neoplasm ,Multislice ,Radiology ,Tomography ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Tomography, Spiral Computed - Abstract
With modern imaging technologies, including helical CT and MR imaging, the evaluation of liver morphology, blood flow and detection and characterization of liver neoplasms is possible in a noninvasive manner. Experiences in numerous institutions have established that both imaging methods are highly accurate in diagnosing hepatic pathology. Three-dimensional evaluation is feasible with fast imaging techniques such as multislice CT. With tissue-specific MR contrast agents such as SPIO, our capability is enhanced not only with respect to lesion detection but also lesion characterization.
- Published
- 2004
28. Innervation of the liver: morphology and function
- Author
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Alastair D. Burt, J. A. Lee, and Dina Tiniakos
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hepatology ,Human liver ,Liver cytology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Liver Diseases ,Biology ,Liver transplantation ,Immunohistochemistry ,Liver regeneration ,Liver Transplantation ,Transplantation ,Nerve Fibers ,Liver ,medicine ,Humans ,Nerve supply ,Function (biology) - Abstract
Although it has been known for many years that the liver receives a nerve supply, it is only with the advent of immunohistochemistry that this innervation has been analysed in depth. It is now appreciated not only that many different nerve types are present, but also that there are significant differences between species, especially in the degree of parenchymal innervation. This has stimulated more detailed investigation of the innervation of the human liver in both health and disease. At the same time, functional studies have been underlining the important roles that these nerves play in processes as diverse as osmoreception and liver regeneration. This article briefly reviews current understanding of the morphology and functions of the hepatic nerve supply.
- Published
- 1996
29. Growth and liver morphology after long-term ethanol consumption of rats
- Author
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J. C. L. M. Pertijs, J.H.J. Copius Peereboom-Stegeman, R.P. Bos, C. M. P. Duijf, and J. A. G. van de Wiel
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Alcohol Drinking ,Liver cytology ,Administration, Oral ,Biology ,Body weight ,Liver weight ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fat accumulation ,Internal medicine ,Male rats ,medicine ,Animals ,Ethanol ,Ethanol treatment ,General Veterinary ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,Organ Size ,Rats ,Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Liver ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female - Abstract
Ethanol was administered to female and male Wistar rats by mixing it with their drinking water. Ethanol concentrations were gradually increased up to either 8% or 15%. Female rats receiving 8% ethanol in their drinking water consumed 5-13 g, males 4-10 g daily. The ethanol/total food caloric intake percentages were 13 to 20% and 9 to 15% for female and male rats, respectively. There was no difference in body weight and relative liver weight between treated rats and their controls. Female and male rats receiving 15% of ethanol in their drinking water consumed 8-14 g ethanol per kg body weight per day. The percentages of ethanol/total food caloric intake were stabilized at about 25% for both sexes. Growth of the rats differed only slightly from controls; a tendency for a higher increase of body weight of the control rats was found. No difference in relative liver weight between ethanol-treated and control rats was observed. Microscopic examinations revealed that the ethanol treatment resulted in fat accumulation in the liver cells. A proliferation of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) was more marked in the 15% dosed rats than in the 8% dosed rats and more distinct in female rats than in male rats in both dosage groups.
- Published
- 1990
30. Changes in serum transaminases, SDH and liver morphology after treatment with trypanocidal diamidines in mice
- Author
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H. Sippel, C.-J. Estler, H.-J. Pesch, and U. Steinmann
- Subjects
Male ,Liver morphology ,L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Indoles ,Sorbitol dehydrogenase ,Microgram ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Aspartate Aminotransferases ,DAPI ,Pentamidine ,Transaminases ,Trypanocidal agent ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Alanine Transaminase ,General Medicine ,Trypanocidal Agents ,Dose–response relationship ,Endocrinology ,Liver ,chemistry ,Serum transaminase ,Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The effects of 2 recently developed trypanocidal agents, Diamidinophenylindol (DAPI) and Diimidazolinophenylindol (DIPI) at doses of 10-30 micrograms/g intraperitoneally (i.p.) on serum GOT, GPT and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) levels and on liver morphology have been investigated in mice. Pentamidine served as reference drug. Both agents caused dose-dependent increases in serum transaminases and SDH, and discrete morphological changes of the liver, e.g., fatty degenerations, azinoperipheral vacuolisation and alterations of the nuclei, at least at the higher dosage.
- Published
- 1985
31. Intestinal and Hepatobiliary Disposition of Drugs
- Author
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Curtis D. Klaassen
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,Nalorphine ,Pharmacology ,Toxicology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biliary excretion ,0302 clinical medicine ,Biotransformation ,medicine ,Animals ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Molecular Biology ,Enterohepatic circulation ,Morphine ,Cell Biology ,Disposition ,Rats ,Intestines ,Liver ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Xenobiotic ,Intracellular ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Biliary excretion of xenobiotics is a complex process involving uptake into liver, intracellular sequestration and/or biotransformation, and transport into bile. A description of liver morphology is included to aid in the understanding of how chemical and physiological factors affect hepatic uptake and biliary excretion. Data will be presented with morphine and nalorphine that illustrate how efficient the intestinal and hepatobiliary system is in clearing drugs from the body. However, enterohepatic circulation can interfere with these processes.
- Published
- 1988
32. Plasma fibronectin concentrations in morbidly obese patients
- Author
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Per Christoffersen, Anders Dejgaard, Christian Gluud, Inge Clemmensen, and Teis Andersen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Liver morphology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Overweight ,Morbidly obese ,Internal medicine ,Liver fat ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,biology ,Chemistry ,Fatty liver ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Fibronectins ,Fatty Liver ,Fibronectin ,Endocrinology ,Liver ,Normal weight ,biology.protein ,Female ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
Plasma fibronectin concentrations and liver morphology were investigated in 45 morbidly obese subjects (median overweight 88%) and in 42 normal weight controls, matched for sex and age. A significantly (P less than 0.01) raised plasma fibronectin concentration (median 464 mg/l, range 276-862 mg/l) was found in the obese subjects when compared with concentrations in the controls (median 348 mg/l, range 164-536 mg/l). Plasma fibronectin concentrations of the obese patients correlated significantly to their degree of overweight (r = 0.33, P less than 0.05) as well as to the degree of fatty change found in their liver biopsies (r = 0.33, P less than 0.05). Significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated plasma fibronectin concentrations even in obese subjects without hepatic fatty change indicate that liver fat accumulation is no prerequisite of the obesity-related elevation of plasma fibronectin. Raised plasma fibronectin concentration in obesity may more readily be explained by an increased fibronectin formation by lipocytes.
- Published
- 1984
33. Polychlorinated Biphenyls
- Author
-
Ralph W. Jennings, Renate D. Kimbrough, E. C. Villanueva, Sovocool Gw, Ralph E. Linder, and V. W. Burse
- Subjects
Male ,Liver morphology ,Aroclors ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chromatography, Gas ,Administration, Oral ,Kidney ,Excretion ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Distribution (pharmacology) ,Ingestion ,General Environmental Science ,Brain Chemistry ,Chemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Polychlorinated Biphenyls ,Diet ,Rats ,Microscopy, Electron ,Endocrinology ,Adipose Tissue ,Liver ,Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - Published
- 1974
34. Glutathione and glutathione-S-transferases in the normal and diseased human liver
- Author
-
R. Mahlke, C.-P. Siegers, D. Oltmanns, M. Younes, and K.H. Bossen
- Subjects
Liver Cirrhosis ,Liver morphology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Cirrhosis ,Epoxide ,In Vitro Techniques ,Hepatitis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cytosol ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Transferase ,Glutathione Transferase ,Pharmacology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Human liver ,Chemistry ,Liver Diseases ,Fatty liver ,Glutathione ,medicine.disease ,Fatty Liver ,Endocrinology ,Liver ,Liver biopsy ,Chronic Disease - Abstract
Summary In liver biopsy specimens from patients with normal liver morphology (n = 11), fatty liver (n = 9), chronic hepatitis (n = 12) or cirrhosis (n = 3) the total glutathione and GSH-S-transferase activities towards an aryl and an epoxide substrate were measured. As compared to livers without pathomorphological changes there was a tendency to higher values for glutathione in the groups with definite liver diseases. Lower activities were seen in these pathological groups for the aryl transferase whereas epoxide transferase activity was only detectable in 7 out of 35 specimens. In post-mortem specimens (n = 58) of human livers with and without histopathological alterations no clearcut differences were found for glutathione and GSH-S-transferases except that there was a tendency to lower aryl transferase activities in livers with tumour metastases, whereas the epoxide transferase activities seemed to be higher.
- Published
- 1982
35. Morphological study of the liver using local rate of uptake analysis
- Author
-
R. Bidet, J. Maublant, and P. V. Speich
- Subjects
Adult ,Liver Cirrhosis ,Liver morphology ,Anemia, Hemolytic ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chemistry ,Liver Neoplasms ,Transit time ,General Medicine ,Functional image ,Gastroenterology ,Kinetics ,Liver ,Homogeneous ,Internal medicine ,Liver tissue ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Uptake rate ,Radionuclide Imaging ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Four types of liver functional images were obtained by calculating for each point on an image matrix the local uptake rate, the local uptake transit time, the point's own maximum and the time necessary to attain the maximum. The study was based on 52 cases: 21 controls and 31 cases of hepatic disease. The controls showed a homogeneous spread of colloidal substance on the images of local uptake rate and local transit time, despite variations in liver tissue thickness. In the cases of parenchymal lesions revealed by deficient uptake on standard images, local variations of uptake rate were almost always shown even in instances where the standard images showed minimal variation. This technique therefore would seem to bring additional diagnostic assistance by permitting a better appreciation of liver morphology and function and the processing time required (approx. 1.5 min.) does not necessitate an increase in overall examination time.
- Published
- 1980
36. Differences in liver morphology between rats and chicks treated with ethylene dibromide
- Author
-
Chana Broda, Edna Nachtomi, and Eugenia Alumot
- Subjects
Male ,Pharmacology ,Liver morphology ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chemistry ,Poisoning ,Centrilobular necrosis ,Ethylene Dibromide ,Acute toxicity ,Hydrocarbons, Brominated ,Rats ,Fats ,Liver ,Species Specificity ,Eosinophilic ,Immunology ,medicine ,Animals ,Chickens - Abstract
1. 1. Morphological changes were found in livers of rats and chicks after acute poisoning with ethylene dibromide (EDB). 2. 2. In rats, EDB induced sinusoidal dilations and centrilobular necrosis, beginning from 8 hr after poisoning. 3. 3. In chicks the central areas were almost unchanged and portal areas were found to be affected by EDB; the concentration of eosinophilic granulocytes was much greater in EDB-treated livers than in controls.
- Published
- 1976
37. Liver Morphology and Biochemistry in Eight Obese Patients Treated with Jejunoileal Anastomosis
- Author
-
Per Christoffersen, Erik Juhl, Flemming Quaade, and Helge Baden
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Liver morphology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Biopsy ,Aspartate transaminase ,Anastomosis ,SULFOBROMOPHTHALEIN RETENTION ,Gastroenterology ,Sulfobromophthalein ,Shunt operation ,Postoperative Complications ,Liver Function Tests ,Ileum ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Aspartate Aminotransferases ,Obesity ,Liver damage ,Serum Albumin ,biology ,business.industry ,Liver Diseases ,Body Weight ,Bilirubin ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Alkaline Phosphatase ,medicine.disease ,Normal limit ,Surgery ,Fatty Liver ,Cholesterol ,Jejunum ,Liver ,biology.protein ,Female ,Prothrombin ,gamma-Globulins ,Steatosis ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Ten patients were treated for obesity with jejunoileal shunt operation. Liver biopsies were performed in seven both during and 10 to 27 months after operation. The degree of fatty infiltration showed no distinct trend. Steatosis increased in three, decreased in three and remained unchanged in one. Two liver specimens were entirely normal at follow-up examination. Serum aspartate transaminase and sulfobromophthalein retention tests showed a transient deterioration after surgery, but later improved as compared with preoperative values. Prothrombin values decreased, but remained within normal limits. All other liver-function tests were unchanged. The present investigation does not support the contention that jejunoileal shunt for obesity should be abandoned for fear of severe liver damage.
- Published
- 1971
38. Cholesterol levels, atherosclerosis and liver morphology in rabbits fed cyclopropenoid fatty acids
- Author
-
D. J. Lee, R.O. Sinnhuber, T.L. Ferguson, and J.H. Wales
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cholesterol ,Arteriosclerosis ,Aortic Diseases ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Dietary Fats ,Cholesterol, Dietary ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Liver cholesterol ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Plasma cholesterol ,Liver ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ,Animals ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Rabbits ,Triglycerides - Abstract
Male New Zealand rabbits were fed diets containing either 0.27% cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) or 0.5% cholesterol or both in combination. Compared with control animals, those receiving CPFA tended to have higher plasma- and liver-cholesterol levels and a higher incidence of aortic atherosclerosis. A similar pattern was seen when animals fed cholesterol and CPFA were compared with animals fed cholesterol alone. The observed increases in liver cholesterol, plasma cholesterol and plasma triglycerides indicated a wide range of sensitivity to CPFA. Some animals had plasma-cholesterol levels eight to ten times as high as normal after feeding had continued for 3 wk, while others showed only slight changes after 5 wk. Liver cells from all CPFA-fed animals had altered morphology and often showed extensive damage.
- Published
- 1976
39. Alpha-Fetoprotein and hepatitis B antigen in hepatocarcinogenesis
- Author
-
Toru Miyaji and Masami Sakurai
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,Fetal Proteins ,Liver Cirrhosis ,Cellular immunity ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cirrhosis ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Gastroenterology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Antigen-Antibody Reactions ,Hepatitis B Antigens ,Immune system ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Antigen ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Antigens ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Liver Neoplasms ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Liver ,Delayed hypersensitivity ,Humoral immunity ,alpha-Fetoproteins ,business - Abstract
Blood from 394 unselected autopsy cases was examined for HB Ag, HB Ab and AFP. Liver morphology of 71 cases of cirrhosis with hepatoma and 32 cases of cirrhosis without hepatoma was studied in detail and correlated to HB Ag, HB Ab, and AFP. Significantly lowered humoral immunity to HB Ag exposure was established for the cirrhosis with hepatoma cases. The exposure rate for both cirrhosis cases with hepatoma and cirrhosis cases without hepatoma was the same (48%), but about 80% of each exposed group were either HB Ag or HB Ab positive. The cirrhosis with hepatoma group tended to be HB Ag positive and the cirrhosis without hepatoma group tended to be HB Ab positive. The lowered immune response seems to be specific to the hepatoma association, because the group with neoplasms other than the hepatoma reacted exactly the same as the group of the cirrhosis without hepatoma. Twenty-five per cent of the cirrhosis with hepatoma were associated with inactive cirrhosis and 75% were associated with active cirrhosis. Seventy-two per cent of the inactive cirrhosis cases with hepatoma were exposed to HB Ag, but only 42% of the active cirrhosis cases with hepatoma were exposed to HB Ag. On the morphological basis, the inactive cirrhosis was interpreted as an impaired cellular immunity and the active cirrhosis as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. The possibility was discussed that both are important factors in the development of hepatoma preceded by cirrhosis. AFP tends to be positive in the inactive cirrhosis with hepatoma as well as HB Ag, but the relationship between AFP and HB Ag for hepatocarcinogenesis needs further investigation.
- Published
- 1975
40. Diethylnitrosamine-induced changes in mouse liver morphology and function
- Author
-
Joseph H. Gans
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nitrosamines ,Time Factors ,Hexobarbital ,digestive system ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Hemangioma ,Mice ,fluids and secretions ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Diethylnitrosamine ,Lymphocytic infiltration ,Chemistry ,Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ,Liver Neoplasms ,Microscopic level ,Neoplasms, Experimental ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Bile duct proliferation ,Endocrinology ,Liver ,Phenobarbital ,Experimental pathology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
SummaryLong-term administration of DEN to adult Swiss mice for periods of up to 24 weeks resulted in intense bile duct proliferation, formation of hepatic nodules, some of which appeared to be hyperplastic, and foci of lymphocytic infiltration. No hep-atocellular carcinomas or well-defined hepa-tomas were found in these DEN-treated mice. The only tumors observed were one hemangioma, and in 2 sections, tissue suggestive of cholangiocarcinoma. The significant increases in hexobarbital sleeping times and the striking resistance to the hepa-totoxic effects of CC14 in DEN-treated mice indicated that long-term exposure to DEN resulted in a progressive inhibition of liver DMES activity. Phenobarbital administration concurrent with DEN prevented the decreases in hexobarbital sleeping times but did not alter the morphologic changes in the liver produced by DEN, at least at the light microscopic level.
- Published
- 1976
41. Liver morphology in a case of citrullinemia (a light and electron microscopic study)
- Author
-
C. Bachmann, Mihatsch Mj, Ohnacker H, U.N. Riede, and H. Wick
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Necrosis ,LIVER FATTY DEGENERATION ,Mitochondrion ,Biology ,Infant, Newborn, Diseases ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Electron microscopic ,Liver cell ,Citrullinemia ,Infant, Newborn ,General Medicine ,Metabolism ,medicine.disease ,Fatty Liver ,Microscopy, Electron ,Liver ,Citrulline ,medicine.symptom ,Metabolism, Inborn Errors - Abstract
Summary Light and electron microscopical findings in a case of citrullinemia are reported. Light microscopy revealed in the liver fatty degeneration and groups of lytic liver cell necrosis as well as giant mitochondria. The predominant electron microscopical findings were RER membranes in concentric, circular and zig-zag arrangement. Some mitochondria showed marked increase in matrix density and widened intracristal spaces. The morphological changes are interpreted on the basis of animal experiments as the possible result of ATP deficiency due to ammonia intoxication in citrullinemia.
- Published
- 1974
42. Budd-Chiari syndrome: US evaluation
- Author
-
Yves Menu, Jacques Belghiti, Lorphelin Jm, Dominique Valla, H Nahum, and D Alison
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vena Cava, Inferior ,Anastomosis ,Budd-Chiari Syndrome ,Hepatic Veins ,Muscle hypertrophy ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Vein ,Aged ,Ultrasonography ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Thrombosis ,Surgery ,Radiography ,Stenosis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Liver ,Budd–Chiari syndrome ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
Twelve patients with proved Budd-Chiari syndrome (eight acute and four chronic cases) were examined, using real-time ultrasonography (US). In all acute cases, US study showed at least one hepatic vein with findings suggestive of the syndrome, such as stenosis, dilatation, thick wall echoes, thrombosis, abnormal course, or extrahepatic anastomosis. In chronic cases, hepatic veins were usually not visible. Modifications of liver morphology were present in all patients except those with recent onset of the disease. Caudate lobe hypertrophy was present in only six cases. US study is therefore the procedure of choice for initial diagnosis of acute Budd-Chiari syndrome. Pitfalls were the failure to detect two caval thromboses and one hepatic vein web. Cavography should still be performed systematically, but hepatic phlebography is useful in selected cases only.
- Published
- 1985
43. Liver damage by the carcinogen N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide. Pentobarbital sleeping time and liver morphology
- Author
-
Elizabeth A. Schmehl, Shamala R. Pai, and John H. Weisburger
- Subjects
Sleeping time ,Liver morphology ,Liver Cirrhosis ,Pentobarbital ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Multiple dosing ,Internal medicine ,Microsomes ,medicine ,Animals ,Anesthesia ,Liver damage ,Carcinogen ,Biotransformation ,Pharmacology ,Fluorenes ,2-Fluorenylacetamide ,Rats ,Fatty Liver ,Endocrinology ,Liver ,Carcinogens ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The pentobarbital sleeping time of male and female Fischer strain rats was lengthened by single or multiple doses of the carcinogen N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide. The increase was greater in males than in females, and greater after three doses than after one dose. It was less when the compound was fed in the diet for one month than it was in acute experiments. The sleeping time was increased by a similar percentage at 24, 48, 96, and 168 hours after a single dose of the compound to males. Morphologic examination showed that damage to the liver was maximal after a 48-hour period, but that the liver was almost normal 7 days later. The histologic criteria of liver damage at these time intervals are presented.
- Published
- 1965
44. Liver morphology and function tests in obesity and during total starvation
- Author
-
Paul Rozental, Claude G. Biava, Hyman J. Zimmerman, and Herta Spencer
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Diet, Reducing ,Physiology ,Hemosiderin ,Biology ,Sulfobromophthalein ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Liver Function Tests ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Starvation ,Glycogen ,Gastroenterology ,General Medicine ,Hepatology ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Liver Glycogen ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Liver ,Liver function ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
Five markedly obese patients were subjected to complete starvation of several weeks, for the purpose of weight reduction, for periods of 10–28 days. Studies of liver function and structure were conducted prior to, during, and after the period of starvation.
- Published
- 1967
45. Effect of ethionine on the ultrastructure of developing liver cells
- Author
-
Richard L. Wood
- Subjects
Liver morphology ,Fetus ,Microscopy ,Ethionine ,Cell growth ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,Biology ,Cell biology ,Mitochondria ,Rats ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Microscopy, Electron ,chemistry ,Liver ,Pregnancy ,Lipid droplet ,Parenchyma ,Ultrastructure ,Animals ,Pregnancy, Animal ,Female ,Anatomy ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
The effect of ethionine on the ultrastructure of developing liver parenchymal cells of rat has been studied. Despite reports from other studies that ethionine does not alter fetal liver morphology, the present studies show clearly that changes in structure do occur. Mitochondrial dense granules increase, endoplasmic reticulum is disrupted, lipid droplets accumulate, and glycogen deposition is delayed. There is no evidence to date of ductule cell proliferation such as occurs with ethionine poisoning in adult rat.
- Published
- 1967
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