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Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) using ureteroscope and pneumatic intracorporeal lithotripsy in the pediatric age group., Methods: Twenty-two renal units in 15 patients underwent PCNL at our institute. The patients were all under 14 years old. The average age was 9 years (range 5-14 years). There were 7 bilateral, 8 multiple, and 5 staghorn calculi. The average calculus size was 2.0 (0.9-4.5) cm. The PCNL was done with an X ray-guided peripheral puncture, a planned staged approach in some cases, and minimal tract dilatation with the use of an ureteroscope and pneumatic intracorporeal lithotripsy., Results: Complete stone clearance was achieved in 20 renal units, giving an overall clearance rate of 91%. Minor pyrexia (< 39 degrees C, < 2 days) was seen in 14 patients, whereas serious pyrexia was seen in 1. The average fall in hemoglobin was 10 g/L, but none of the patients required blood transfusion., Conclusions: It is safe and effective to cure pediatric urolithiasis with percutaneous nephrolithotomy using ureteroscope and pneumatic intracorporeal and pneumatic intracorporeal lithotripsy.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of pneumatic lithotripsy on children urethral calculi., Methods: Twenty-two cases of the male children with urethral calculi were treated with pneumatic lithotripsy under ureteroscopy., Results: All the patients were treated successfully in a single procedure. The time of lithotripsy was (5.5 +/- 2.2) minutes, and no serious complication such as obvious hematuria, infection and urethral stricture occurred., Conclusions: It is suggested that pneumatic lithotripsy under ureteroscopy is an effective and simple way for the treatment of urethral calculi in children.