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Due to the complex mesostructure and components of composite active layers in lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes, coupled with the concentration-dependent material properties and eigenstrains, efficiently estimating the effective modulus of the active layers remains a great challenge. In this work, the classic Mori–Tanaka method is found to be unable to estimate the modulus of the active layer. By realizing the importance of the mesostructure feature, a rod-rod model is proposed. The resulting modulus is expressed analytically. It is shown that the rod-rod model can accurately estimate the modulus evolution of the active layer if the material properties of the components and the evolution of volume fractions are known in advance. Moreover, a simplified rod-rod model is also developed to reduce the complexity of the proposed method. By knowing the volume fractions at two arbitrary states of charge and subsequently determining two constants, the simplified model can estimate the modulus efficiently. Considering both its accuracy and its simplicity, the simplified rod-rod model is the most suitable for the estimation. Thus, the methods developed in this work provide a new perspective for analyzing the material properties of composite active layers in LIB electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article demonstrates the design of charging strategies for lithium ion batteries with considering the balance between diffusion induced stress and total charge time for two- and three-stage charge methods. For the two-stage galvanostatic-potentiostatic charge method the low mechanical stress can be achieved without increasing total charge time by switching the galvanostatic to the potentiostatic at the time moment when the lithium concentration at the surface of particles reaches the limit c ¯ surf = 0 . A three-stage method, which consists of an initial galvanostatic stage of high current, a galvanostatic stage of low current and a potentiostatic ending stage, is suggested. Employing the initial galvanostatic stage of high current is helpful not only in accelerating the charge process, but also in controlling the mechanical stress once the electrical current and time duration of the initial galvanostatic stage are properly designed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilayer electrode, composed of a current collector layer and an active material layer, has great potential in applications of in-situ electrochemical experiments due to the bending upon lithiation. This paper establishes an elastoplastic theory for the lithiation induced deformation of bilayer electrode with consideration of the plastic yield of current collector. It is found that the plastic yield of current collector reduces the restriction of current collector to an active layer, and therefore, enhances in-plane stretching while lowers down the rate of electrode bending. Key parameters that influence the elastoplastic deformation are identified. It is found that the smaller thickness ratio and lower elastic modulus ratio of current collector to an active layer would lead to an earlier plastic yield of the current collector, the larger in-plane strain, and the smaller bending curvature, due to balance between the current collector and the active layer. The smaller yield stress and plastic modulus of current collector have similar impacts on the electrode deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of charge (SOC) or the depth of discharge (DOD) to and the time to delamination onset and the critical size for delamination, which are potentially important in lithium ion battery design for preventing the patterned thin film electrodes from delamination, are investigated. A theoretical approach based on the cohesive model is proposed to formulate the time to and the SOC (or DOD) to delamination onset, as well as the critical size for patterned disk-like electrodes. It is found that for negative electrode the delamination initiation is dominated by mode-II during cell charging and by mode-I during cell discharging. For positive electrode both delamination modes are theoretically possible during cell charging. When the electrochemical load factor i ¯ is very high, the mode-I delamination is possible and an optimal size of electrodes exists for a given maximum i ¯ . The SOC to mode-II delamination onset decreases significantly with increasing dimensionless radius, being independent of i ¯ . When the mode-II is the dominated mode the critical size for delamination exists, and a formula for the critical size for delamination has been deduced, which is proportional to interface ductility and inversely proportional to maximum volumetric strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]