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This research aims at solving a layout design problem from thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) module manufacturing plant using lean production principles and cellular manufacturing design. It first adopts Muther’s systematic layout planning procedure in combinations with the continuous flow principles to generate a set of feasible cellular layout design alternatives which then are evaluated by the proposed fuzzy multiple attribute group decision-making method. A practical TFT-LCD manufacturing case is utilized to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The decision attributes include both quantitative and qualitative measures which are evaluated by discrete-event simulation and fuzzy linguistic variables, respectively. A set of elite layout designs with preference ranking is found by the proposed methodology. The present study provides a comprehensive evaluation for the generation of an optimal layout design based on the preferred decision attributes and allows the sensitivity analysis against the variant design attributes. The empirical results are promising for a real-world application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fringe-field switching (FFS) liquid crystal displays (FFS-LCDs) have excellent properties such as a wide viewing angle, high definition, and a low voltage drive. However, FFS-LCDs have a problem, wherein, the display quality deteriorates easily. Even though the asymmetrical electrode structure in an FFS-LCD is considered to be the cause, this problem is not completely understood. Finite-element-method (FEM) simulation studies show that the resistivities of all the materials (a liquid crystal layer, an alignment layer, an insulating layer) that constitute the LCD have an influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract.: The dynamics of a magnetic (electric) field induced perturbation in a homeotropic smectic A (SmA) structure in liquid crystal cells with substrates having periodic microrelief has been investigated. It has been shown that relaxation times of such perturbation in both switching-on and switching-off regimes are of the order of 10-10s. The results obtained show that previously proposed novel electro (magneto) optic effect in such SmA cell can be utilized in manufacturing of liquid crystal displays with operating times much shorter than those of ordinary modern displays based on the Freedericksz transitions in nematic liquid crystals. Graphical abstract: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now people already research species of RGBW TFT-LCD wit low power and high luminance levels. But these displays hav not real resolution ratio all. In this thesis, we design a ne pixel structure and develop a kind of advanced driver functio for this situation. Meanwhile, the signal layout already is redesigned by us in border for actual feasibility and we study new pixel electrode design for transmittance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a high-mobility oxide semiconductor material and made a 5.46" prototype of 806-ppi 4K2K liquid crystal display using CAAC-OS FET that has a top-gate structure. The top-gate structure caused the parasitic capacitance to be small, resulting in a bezel width of 0.675 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this presentation, extra-large size and high resolution ADS panels have been developed successfully and described on panel processes and architectures, as are 110inch UHD 120Hz and QUHD, 98 inch QUHD, 82 inch 10K4K (Aspect ratio 21:9) and 65 inch QUHD. Several important improvements on ADS TV panel were introduced, such as low color shift at dark state and low storage capacitance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the driving scheme of a fringe-field switching (FFS) liquid crystal display varies for the best of required performance. Although low-frequency driving can effectively give rise to reduce power consumption in portable displays, proper controlling of liquid crystal director in direct current is challenging. Particularly, under different polarity of applied electric fields, the transmittance difference along the location of electrodes becomes significant, hence giving rise to an image flickering issue. Here, we investigate how physical properties of a bulk liquid crystalline medium are involved to locally modulate the transmitting light, numerically and experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed a transmissive organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and a reflective liquid crystal (LC) hybrid display (TR-Hybrid display). The TR-Hybrid display serves as a reflective liquid crystal display (LCD) under external light and as an OLED display in dark environments. It exhibited superior visibility and low power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flicker and image persistence are major issues for low frequency driving. The photo leakage current in an outdoor light environment causes further image quality deterioration. We developed 7.0-inch WUXGA (1200×RGBW×1920) reflective fullcolor LCD, equipped with light-shielding metal layer which suppress photo leakage current, driven by LTPS TFT at 1Hz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In manufacturing industry, the strategy of operations management influences the performance of production. The work in process control and order release policy are two important factors that would affect a decision-making of strategy. To evaluate the performance of these factors, simulation has been widely applied in recent years. Since running simulation always takes time, it is difficult to provide information promptly for production planners to respond to practical situation in industry. To solve this issue, a simulation assisted neural network forecasting system of throughput for thin film transistor liquid crystal display colour filter fabs is developed. This system enables planners to conduct what-if analysis for the production control policies without disturbing operations in a real plant. The obtained results show the forecasting system has the same capacity to estimate the throughput of production as a simulation model, but the response time is much faster. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Assuming that large color gamut and therefore better color reproducibility will be a highly desired feature of all displays as we look to the near future, we make the case in this paper that quantum dots (QDs) are currently the down-conversion technology of choice that will allow liquid crystal display makers to cost-effectively reach and exceed 100% of the NTSC (National Television Standard Committee) and Adobe RGB color standards while achieving maximum system efficiency. We will discuss in detail the numerous fundamental advantages of QDs over phosphors, along with their scientific origins, andmake the case that QDs are the ultimate light generating material for next-generation displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As East Asian capitalism undergoes a series of changes, scholars have begun to study the effects of globalization on the development and decline of East Asian local industry and society. This article is a comparative analysis of the changing trajectories of the Taiwanese and Japanese thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display industries. It explores how Taiwan introduced, through collaboration, tacit knowledge from Japan, then conveyed that knowledge to mainland China, and closes with a discussion of the risks of tacit knowledge accumulation and cross-border talent mobility. Drawing on in-depth interviews and secondary-source analysis, the author shows that tacit knowledge and expertise are offshoots of the long-term accumulation of experience and technical knowledge that cannot be presented in manuals; they spread through the flow of technical personnel. Intellectual property rights cannot protect tacit knowledge. It is extremely difficult to keep it from traveling to other countries, which poses a risk for the development of Taiwanese high-tech industries. These findings help explain the surprising ways in which global technology flows affect employment in local high-tech industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An auto stereoscopic display with 2D/3D switching capability was developed by using Electrode driven Liquid Crystal (ELC) lens. We applied tilt ITO electrodes, resin layer that decreases transverse electric field, and used Axostep testing equipment to fine-tune the retardation. Finally we fabricated an auto-stereoscopic prototype with low crosstalk, insignificant moiré and high brightness that is suitable for mass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we describe a 10.0-inch 1080 × 2880 capacitive curved-faced prototype liquid crystal display for automotive use, which has integrated in-cell touch panel technology. A sufficient signal-to-noise ratio of 100-160 was achieved with this display despite the 1.1-mm-thick cover glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to human visual system, we utilize human eyes' central vision to design the weight matrix, which indicates perceptual significance of the rays, making optimization results closer to ground truth. In our design, we employ multiple LCD layers to optimize near-eye displays, allowing both vertical and horizontal parallax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, 3D-monitors with a glass-based circularly polarized 3D filter (Xpol®) have attracted attention again especially in the medical field. Since 3D monitors for business use are utilized in different operating conditions, they have various specifications. We will explain how the most suitable CPL-3D monitor; is created to satisfy our clients' requirements through the design ideas for 3D filters and the production process of 3D monitors (module). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new kind of low color shift design (LCS). With normal pixel structure, LCD panel can keep transmittance and with spatial blue pixels signal conversion it can improve side view performance and washout phenomenon. Results and details of such spatial LCS have been observed and evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We applied the unique pixel driving technology, Next-APD, to 55 inch diagonal 8K4K panels and realized the high resolution and quality 8K4K display for the first time in the world. Here, this compact 8K4K display is more suitable for such applications as medical, broadcast, and industrial displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a temperature-dependent behavioral circuit model to predict optical characteristics of an active-matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) with twisted-nematic (TN) mode. By the simulation, we found that the movement of LCs has a linear relationship depending on the ambient temperature. The simulation results of the transient optical responses show excellent matches with the measurement ones regardless of ambient temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we utilize simulation to estimate the shift value in the panel. Topology optimization is applied to improve the design of aluminum extrusion and lighten the weight of the product. Moreover, optical optimization of LED with lens is carried out to diminish the thickness of the curved display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronics product life cycles are becoming shorter and shorter because of the severe global competition. In such highly competitive industry, it has become an important strategy to accelerate new products launching to the market to earn more shares. However, the lead times of pilot runs are usually long in new product development (NPD) processes, and reducing pilot runs has thus become one of the key tasks of manufacturing systems. Specifically, since the shorter a test period is the smaller sample size one can obtain, making that to find a small data learning method for a manufacturing system being a new challenge. Facing the problem, this work, based on the box plots and the fuzzy techniques, develops an approach to systematically generate synthetic samples to help stabilize the learning process for the used back-propagation neural network (BPN). A real learning task taken from the Array process of a TFT-LCD manufacturer (a new high-resolution product of 4K2K in 2013) is employed as an example to illustrate the details of the proposed method. The task contains nine inputs and 72 output manufacturing attributes, but only with 20 samples. It is quite difficult for most existing modeling algorithms to deal with such a high dimensional situation when the sample size is small. The experiment results show that the proposed approach can effectively improve the robustness and preciseness of a BPN forecasting model. In addition to the reduction of pilot runs, more process knowledge is obtained in the input-output analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feasibility of digital driving has been investigated, which may be an enabling technology for low-cost, power-efficient and high-quality active matrix organic light emitting diodes displays (AMOLED displays). The theoretical requirements therefore are analyzed. Methods for avoiding imaging artifacts are proposed. Results based on two prototypes are presented showing that digital drive is feasible for state-of-the-art manufacturing technology with comparable image quality to analog-driven AMOLED displays but at lower power consumption and lower production cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional mechanical instrument lacks the ability to satisfy the market with characters of favorable compatibility, easy upgrading, and fashion. Thus the design of a TFT-LCD (thin film transistor-liquid crystal display) based automobile instrument is carried out. With a 7-inch TFT-LCD and the 32-bit microcontroller MB91F599, the instrument could process various information generated by other electronic control units (ECUs) of a vehicle and display valuable driving parameters on the 7-inch TFT-LCD. The function of aided parking is also provided by the instrument. Basic principles to be obeyed in circuits designing under onboard environment are first pointed out. Then the paper analyzes the signals processed in the automobile instrument and gives an introduction to the sampling circuits and interfaces related to these signals. Following this is the functional categorizing of the circuit modules, such as video buffer circuit, CAN bus interface circuit, and TFT-LCD drive circuit. Additionally, the external EEPROM stores information of the vehicle for history data query, and the external FLASH enables the display of high quality figures. On the whole, the accomplished automobile instrument meets the requirements of automobile instrument markets with its characters of low cost, favorable compatibility, friendly interfaces, and easy upgrading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we reported on the plasma damage-free sputtering of epitaxial Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) films on the p-GaN layer for use as a transparent contact layer (TCL) for GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using linear facing target sputtering (LFTS). Effective confinement of high-density plasma between faced GZO targets and the substrate position located outside of the plasma region led to the deposition of the epitaxial GZO TCL with a low sheet resistance of 25.7 Ω/s and a high transmittance of 84.6% on a p-GaN layer without severe plasma damage, which was found using the conventional dc sputtering process. The low turn-on voltage of the GaN-based LEDs with an LFTS-grown GZO TCL layer that was grown at a longer target-to-substrate distance (TSD) indicates that the plasma damage of the GaN-LED could be effectively reduced by adjusting the TSD during the LFTS process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Many chemical agents used in liquid crystal display (LCD) manufacturing have been evaluated in animal studies of female reproductive toxicity. Knowledge of their reproductive toxicity in humans is scant. Aims To determine the effect of organic solvents on menstrual cycle characteristics of workers in LCD manufacturing. Methods Cross-sectional study of female premenopausal workers in an LCD plant in Taiwan. Menstrual cycle characteristics were assessed from self-administered questionnaires, and chemical exposure was assessed using hand-held volatile organic compound (VOC) monitors with 24h canister sampling. Results There was a response rate of 94%, and the final study population after exclusions was 288. Canister sampling found many chemical compounds with potential reproductive effects in the fabrication areas of the plant. Concentrations of total VOC were higher in the panel and module fabrication areas than in other areas of the plant. The prevalence of short menstrual cycles (>24 days) was higher in panel workers (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 7.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–39.15) and module workers (adjusted OR: 8.38; 95% CI: 1.72–40.95) than in array fabrication workers and office workers. Conclusions We found evidence for a possible link between repeated exposure to multiple organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone and increased prevalence of short menstrual cycles in premenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Optical Bonding for cover lens protecting MFT sensors has become a key element for smart phones and tablet pc's and in other larger format applications. This paper will review the technical, performance and financial challenges that are being confronted by industry as well as the implementation strategies of various options. Since 2007, Optical Bonding has become a critical aspect of the performance and supply chain implantation of PCAP; the financial impact in 2007 has grown from < $500M to $3 to 4B USD annually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) manufacturers concentrate in Korea, Japan and Taiwan. In view of growing rapidly of demand in the world, the competition of TFT-LCD manufacturers has been a fierce phenomenon. The most important subject for every TFT-LCD manufacturer administrator is how to make the best disposition of resources and create more and more profits. This study applied the window analysis of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure the dynamic performance in TFT-LCD manufacturers from 2002 to 2007. Korea, Japan and Taiwan TFT-LCD manufacturers are the study object in this research via the annual financial statement of the ten manufacturers and the relevant trend analysis in the public statement. The study results show that the Innolux has the highest management performance, next are LG Display and Samsung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high-quality polycrystalline silicon film is of interest for active-matrix organic light-emitting displays. Here, NiCl2 vapor was applied for the first time to enhance the crystallization of amorphous silicon film. The crystallization of amorphous Si showed that round-shaped Si grains grow and become impinged to form polyhedral-shaped grains with diameters of 10 to 25 μm. It was found that the growth of large grains was possible via the merging of fine needle grains with the same directional growth. The crystallized film showed a high degree of crystallinity and a very smooth surface with a roughness of 0.53 nm. The field-effect hole mobility and subthreshold swing of the p-channel thin-film transistor fabricated using the poly-Si film were 113 cm2 /V . s and 0.4 V/decade, respectively. The high performance of the thin-film transistor is attributed to the large grain size, the high crystallinity, the low Ni contamination and the smooth surface of the poly-Si film crystallized in NiCl2 vapor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an interdigitated electrode design to improve the transmission of a Polymer Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystal (PS-BPLC) display based on a corrugated electrode. By using our modified new design, it is possible to further improve the transmission of this BPLC display by ∼ 5% due to the reduction of "dead zones" caused by the disclination lines, while keeping a low operation voltage below 10V. PS-BPLC display based on corrugated electrode is attractive since it can offer both low operation voltage and high transmission at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new photo alignment (PA) polyimide for in-plane switching (IPS) liquid crystal display has been presented and it has good alignment performance. It realizes alignment by irradiating linearly polarized light with wavelength of 313nm. In this paper, we have study a novel 313nm PA polyimide with only one UV step. And we also have investigated the relationship between the image sticking performance and PA polyimide structure. The optical and image sticking performance of different PA polyimide are discussed in IPS mode, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new photo alignment material for fringe field switching (FFS) and in-plane switching (IPS) liquid crystal display has been presented and it has good alignment performance. It realizes alignment by irradiating linearly polarized light with wavelength of 365nm. We have investigated the effect of UV dosage and anneal process on the alignment ability and optical performance. An excellent dark state and image sticking property can be achieved by optimized photo alignment conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azodye alignment has been demonstrated to be nearly ideal for high contrast, multidomain displays. It has high anchoring energy, microscopic uniformity, low processing temperature and cost, and allows for simple patterning. Unfortunately, it lacks light stability. We demonstrate uniform, stable azodye alignment that provides a very high contrast ratio device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Absorptive color filters in LCDs reject more than 70% of their incident light. Here, we designed, fabricated and characterized a high-efficiency diffractive color-splitter that is able to redirect light into the Red, Green and Blue color sub-pixels, and thereby improve light transmission in liquid crystal displays by over 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of improving the image quality of an optical system using liquid crystal lens is proposed and demonstrated by experiments. Because image magnification is invariant with liquid crystal lens imaging, an image processing using focused and defocused images can be done to enhance the contrast of the focused image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed the UHD 4K*2K resolution large-size oxide TFT-LCD TV with ADSDS (Advanced Super Dimension Switch) technology. The pixel aperture ratio and panel transmission could be increased and the voltage shift could be reduced by the new pixel design and process optimization. Meanwhile, the mask reduction process is suitable for large-scale production line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the development of a liquid crystal display (LCD) that has a capability of maintaining a three-dimensional image without power. The optically rewritable LCD is described as bi-stable and contains no electrodes to switch image. It highlights the use of two alignment layers found within the device, one that is insensitive to light and another that is optically active. It also discusses the key innovation in the research.

The article discusses two studies related to liquid crystals. A methodology for creating patterned surface-alignment of liquid crystals, which enables an arbitrary and ultra-high resolution, was reported by B. S. Murray and colleagues. A liquid crystal phase was reported by D. Chen and colleagues, which they called random grain boundary phase.