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The article summarises data on the activity of tubular enzymes having marked organ-specific characteristics related to kidneys. They are N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), its thermostable isoenzyme NAG B and beta-galactosidase localised in lysosomes. L-canavinine, ornithine aminotransferase having mitochondrial localization have also been discussed in the article. The authors have dealt also with the activity of lipoperaxidation processes having been assessed by an ammount of malonic dialdehyde in blood serum, erythrocytes and urine of 51 patients with progressive diabetes mellitus at the late stages of diabetic nephropathy.

Measures of lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde contents in blood, erythrocyte membranes and urine), parameters of the antioxidant system, structural and functional indices of cell membranes (cholesterol level, general content of phospholipids and phospholipid spectrum) were studied in patients with acute and chronic (stable and advancing) hematuric glomerulonephritis. Glomerulonephritis chronization was established to be associated with the activation of lipid peroxidation, predominantly on the level of damaged organ, while the condition of the antioxidant system showed a trend to normalization. Advancing glomerulonephritis when compared to stable one revealed more pronounced processes of membrane destabilization as well as accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in membranes, erythrocytes, blood plasma and urine.

A study of 86 patients with glomerulonephritis, urinary syndrome, presence of the hematuric component is characterized by an activation of lipid peroxidation as a result of disbalance the antioxidant system, that causes corresponding changes in the lipid phase of the cell membranes, reduction of the phospholipid and cholesterol level in the membranes, increase of its deformability capacity that may be of significance for the development of the hematuric component in patients with glomerulonephritis. The data stimulate the necessity of searching treatment directed to reduction of lipid peroxidation activation, normalization of the antioxidant system, stabilization of renal cell membranes.