82 results on '"Chaux"'
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2. Écrans d'étanchéité dans les levées de la Loire : retour d'expérience sur 10 ans de « deep soil mixing ».
- Author
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Patouillard, Sébastien, Saussaye, Lucile, Le Kouby, Alain, and Gervais, Loïc
- Abstract
Copyright of Revue Française de Géotechnique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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3. Evaluation of lime products for clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) management in canola (Brassica napus) cropping systems.
- Author
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Fox, Nicole M., Hwang, Sheau-Fang, Manolii, Victor P., Turnbull, George, and Strelkov, Stephen E.
- Subjects
- *
PLASMODIOPHORA brassicae , *RAPESEED , *CANOLA , *CROPPING systems , *CLUBROOT , *LIME (Minerals) - Abstract
Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is an important soilborne disease of canola (Brassica napus) in Alberta, Canada. As clubroot prefers acidic soils, the application of lime to increase soil pH may reduce disease. Replicated field plot experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of hydrated lime for clubroot management. In 2017, moderate (11.4 t ha−1) to high rates (12.7 t ha−1) of hydrated lime reduced the index of disease (ID) by 35–91% in a susceptible canola cultivar 8 weeks after seeding. In contrast, no effect of lime treatment was observed in the 2018 field trials, due to several environmental factors. A greenhouse study compared the efficacy of hydrated lime and limestone in reducing ID in susceptible and resistant canola cultivars, at different application rates and inoculum concentrations. In treatments that did not receive lime, ID was very high (92–100%) in the susceptible and low (9–13%) in the resistant canola. The application of hydrated lime at 4.7, 8.1, 11.4 and 14.8 t ha−1 eliminated visible symptoms in both cultivars, whereas limestone reduced the ID only at the two lowest inoculum concentrations. Root tissues from the same study were analyzed by quantitative PCR to measure P. brassicae proliferation in planta. Inoculum concentration and the type and rate of lime significantly affected the amount of P. brassicae DNA present in the root tissue. Repeated trials with less virulent inoculum indicated similar trends. Hydrated lime may represent a more effective tool than limestone to manage P. brassicae on canola in highly infested soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Comportement mécanique du schiste traité par des ajouts du ciment et de la chaux.
- Author
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BOUMEHRAZ, Mohammed-Amin, MELLAS, Mekki, BOUCETTA, Farida, MEGHAICHI, Nour El-Houda, and CHEBAH, Meriem
- Subjects
- *
BURGLARY protection , *SHALE , *CEMENT , *CLAY soils , *COMPACTING - Abstract
The stability of infrastructure is a major concern for various economic, ecological or, more importantly, the security of buildings. This can be done by different techniques, mechanical, chemical or both, to improve the geotechnical properties of unstable soils. The techniques used are the additions, of which, the most common are lime and cement.. The purpose of this study is to determine the evolution of the geotechnical properties of a shale soil of the university center of El-Aouana in the wilaya of Jijel (Algeria). The sample taken on site was modified with additives proportions, 0, 1 %, 3% and 7% of the replacement of cement and lime in dry weight in order to test the different properties of the fresh paw of clay soil. Finally, on conclude that the addition of a binder (Cement or lime) to shale soil causes a reduction in plasticity, an improvement in compaction characteristics with Proctor, a rapid increase in the immediate lift index depending on the treatment. and an increase in cohesion and the angle of friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
5. Single model establishing strength of dispersive clay treated with distinct binders.
- Author
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Consoli, Nilo Cesar, Samaniego, Rubén Alejandro Quiñónez, Marques, Sérgio Filipe Veloso, Venson, Guilherme Irineu, Pasche, Eduardo, and Velásquez, Luís Enrique González
- Subjects
CLAY soils ,LIME (Minerals) ,BINDING agents ,PORTLAND cement ,COMPRESSIVE strength ,POROSITY - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
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6. Treatment of river sediments by hydraulic binders for valorization in road construction.
- Author
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Banoune, B., Melbouci, B., Rosquoët, F., and Langlet, T.
- Subjects
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RIVER sediments , *ROAD construction , *DREDGING , *DAMS , *GEOTECHNICAL engineering - Abstract
Reuse of dredging sediments has already generated interest and been the subject of a few comprehensive studies. The dredging of dams and rivers consists in very expensive operations that implement large volumes of materials. The valorization of sediments is an alternative for storage or sea disposal and offers a better environmental solution. Two specific cases of dredged sediment valorizations in the region of Bejaia in Algeria are studied: sediments of Kherrata dam and the Soummam River. Laboratory tests are performed to characterize the dredged sediment according to French standards of geotechnical classification. The characterization shows the need to improve their mechanical behavior, to allow use in the road field. The experimental work on solidification and stabilization sediments, in sublayers of roads is based on a treatment with hydraulic binders: cement or lime. Tests on binder-based sediment material are carried out for ratios of binders between 2 and 15 % of sediment dry weight. The addition of particle-size correctors, sand or quarry fines, is studied in order to reduce the use of lime. The results show the efficiency of treatment with hydraulic binders, in particular with cement. The quarry fines improve the mechanical behavior in the short term for sediment treated with lime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Volume change behaviour and microstructure of stabilized loess under cyclic freeze-thaw conditions.
- Author
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Wang, Sheng-lin, Lv, Qing-feng, Baaj, Hassan, Li, Xiao-yuan, and Zhao, Yan-xu
- Subjects
- *
FREEZE-thaw cycles , *WEATHERING , *FROST , *POROSITY , *ADDITIVES - Abstract
Freeze-thaw action is considered to be one of the most destructive actions that can induce significant damage in stabilized subgrades in seasonally frozen loess areas. Laboratory tests including frost heave - thaw shrinkage and microstructure change during freeze-thaw cycles were conducted to evaluate the volume change rate of loess stabilized with cement, lime, and fly ash under the impact of cyclic freeze-thaw conditions. The loess specimens collapsed after eight freeze-thaw cycles (192 h), but most stabilized loess specimens had no visible damage after all freeze-thaw cycles were completed. All of the stabilized loess samples underwent a much smaller volume change than the loess alone after the freeze-thaw cycles. Although surface porosity and equivalent diameter of stabilized loess samples increased, the stabilized loess can retain its microstructure during freeze-thaw cycles when the cement content was less than 6%. To ensure freeze-thaw resistance of stabilized loess subgrades, the mix proportions of the three additives was recommended to be 4 to 5% cement, 6% lime, and 10% fly ash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Mechanism of reactive magnesia - ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) soil stabilization.
- Author
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Yi, Yaolin, Liska, Martin, Jin, Fei, and Al-Tabbaa, Abir
- Subjects
MAGNESIUM oxide ,SLAG ,MINERAL aggregates ,SUBSURFACE drainage ,SOIL stabilization - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
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9. L’approvisionnement en matières premières des grands chantiers gothiques catalans selon l’exemple géronais
- Author
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Victor, Sandrine
- Subjects
bois ,History ,matières premières ,fournisseurs ,chaux ,materias primas ,stone ,suppliers ,materie prime ,building site ,commerce ,pierre ,moyen âge ,Gerona ,histoire ,transport ,raw materials ,Gérone ,lime ,chantiers ,Comercio ,antiquité ,wood ,commercio - Abstract
Derrière le commerce des matériaux utilisés sur les chantiers géronais de la fin du Moyen Âge, pouvons-nous voir les fournisseurs ? Malgré une documentation riche et abondante, ces hommes échappent assez rapidement à au regard du chercheur. Les archives ne nous offrent que de rares exemples de mise en relation directe entre un commanditaire et un fournisseur de matière première. L’enjeu est donc d’humaniser le matériau, et, tout en entrant dans le sujet par cette même matière première, de s’interroger sur les hommes qui la produisent et la commercialisent. Peut-être par distorsion des sources, ce dont nous nous méfierons par conséquent, il semblerait qu’en fonction du matériau concerné, le profil des acteurs tenant ce marché change. C’est donc ce que nous allons essayer de voir pour trois familles de matériaux : la pierre, le bois, la chaux. Behind the trade in materials used on the Gerona building sites of the late Middle Ages, can we see the suppliers? In spite of a rich and abundant documentation, these men quickly escape analysis. The archives offer us only rare examples of direct contact between a client and a supplier of raw materials. The challenge is therefore to humanize the material and, while entering the subject through this same raw material, to question the men who produce and market it. Perhaps, by distortion of sources, which we will therefore be wary of, it would seem that, depending on the material concerned, the profile of the suppliers holding this market changes. This is what we will try to see for three families of materials : stone, wood and lime.
- Published
- 2021
10. Circulation, transport et commerce de la chaux en Provence au travers des sources écrites (XIIIe-XVIIe siècles)
- Author
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Vaschalde, Christophe
- Subjects
construction ,History ,matières premières ,chaux ,materias primas ,materie prime ,handicraft ,artisanat ,commerce ,companies ,moyen âge ,histoire ,transport ,lime ,entreprises ,Comercio ,antiquité ,commercio - Abstract
Le transport de la chaux est possible moyennant une adaptation à l’instabilité chimique de cette matière première indispensable à l’économie médiévale. Les archives provençales médiévales montrent qu’elle fait l’objet d’échanges micro-régionaux. Si les techniques de transport employées ne se distinguent en rien des autres denrées échangées, l’intégration de la chaux dans des réseaux marchands régionaux repose sur la capacité des artisans à stabiliser la chaux dans des structures de stockage adaptées, et à la faire circuler rapidement sur de longues distances. De ce point de vue, la basse vallée du Rhône se distingue du reste de la Provence, avec un transport sur de longues distances favorisé par de véritables entreprises. Lime is essential for medieval economy. Its transport is possible, thanks to the adaptation of techniques to its chemical instability. Medieval archives of Provence show that lime is subject of micro-regional trade, and benefitted from the same transport techniques as the other products. Nonetheless, the integration of lime in merchant network has been achieved because of craftsmen’s capacity to stabilize it in adapted storage structures, and to circulate it fast, over long distances. Regarding this fact, the low Rhone valley distinguishes itself from the rest of Provence, by the existence of long distance transport, favored by companies.
- Published
- 2021
11. Permeability of lime- and cement-treated clayey soils.
- Author
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Quang, Nguyen Duy and Chai, Jin Chun
- Subjects
SOIL permeability ,CLAY soils ,LIME (Minerals) ,CEMENT ,POROSIMETERS ,POZZOLANIC reaction ,SCANNING electron microscopy ,SOIL structure - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
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12. Atelier expérimental de fresque lors de la 31e rencontre de l’AFPMA : initier à la technique et comprendre par la pratique
- Author
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Maud Mulliez, Dorothée Neyme, Centre Jean Berard (CJB), Ecole française de Rome (EFR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Boislève J., Carrive M., Monier F., Neyme, Dorothée, and Boislève J., Carrive M., Monier F.
- Subjects
enduit ,craft ,workshop ,archéologie expérimentale ,chaux ,fresque ,epoque romaine ,coating ,roman painting ,plaster ,enduit peint ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,fresco ,artisanat antique ,[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences ,experimental archaeology ,roman period ,lime ,peinture murale romaine ,wall painting - Abstract
At the end of the 31th meeting of the AFPMA in november 2019 in Troyes, an experimental workshop about fresco technic was organised. During the afternoon, participants could practice or observe the way of doing of such a crat work, from the application of plasters to the execution of patterns. The aim was both didactic and scientific. The idea was in the one hand to initiate those who were interested and ; on the other one, to try to answer to specific sceintific questions from archaeologists linked to their observations on ancient remains., Un atelier d'archéologie expérimentale participatif autour de la pratique de la fresque a cloturé la rencontre de l'AFPMA organisée à Troyes en novembre 2018. Durant une après-midi, les participants ont pu pratiquer ou observer la mise en œuvre de cette technique de la pose des enduits à la réalisation de la peinture proprement dite. L’objectif était à la fois didactique et scientifique. Il s’agissait d’une part d’initier à cette technique ceux qui le souhaitaient et d’autre part de répondre par l’expérimentation à des questionnements scientifiques liés à des observations, par les archéologues, sur les vestiges provenant du terrain.
- Published
- 2021
13. Effect of Fly Ash on microstructural and resistance characteristics of dredged sediment stabilized with lime and cement
- Author
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Dimitri Deneele, Ana Paula Furlan, Daniel Levacher, Andry Razakamanantsoa, Ouali Amiri, Harifidy Ranaivomanana, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Intéractions Environnementales (GERS-LGIE), Université Gustave Eiffel, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC-USP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), and CAPES-PRINT - Post doctorial fellowship ref. 88887.371953/2019-00
- Subjects
Soil stabilization ,Materials science ,microstructure ,dredged sediment ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Nucleation ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Fly ash ,engineering.material ,SEDIMENT ,0201 civil engineering ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,021105 building & construction ,General Materials Science ,CIMENT ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Shrinkage ,Lime ,STABILISATION DES SOLS ,Cement ,RESISTANCE MECANIQUE ,CENDRE VOLANTE ,Metallurgy ,[SPI.GCIV.GEOTECH]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Géotechnique ,Sediment ,Building and Construction ,Pozzolan ,Microstructure ,SEDIMENT DE DRAGAGE ,ESTABILIZAÇÃO DOS SOLOS ,CHAUX ,engineering ,mechanical resistance ,TRAITEMENT DES SOLS - Abstract
This study deals with the definition of an efficient combination of fly ash (FA) with lime or cement and with both, to improve the dredged sediment (DS) properties. At early age, filler and nucleation effects of FA lead to a refinement of the microstructure in addition to the macro porosity reduction induced by lime and cement. At long term, the microstructure becomes denser due to the pozzolanic property of FA. At macroscale, DS stabilized using FA show lower shrinkage and higher mechanical resistance than that stabilized without FA, with more pronounced effects when FA is mixed with cement.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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14. Evaluation of liming properties and potassium bioavailability of three Atlantic Canada wood ash sources.
- Author
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Sharifi, Mehdi, Cheema, Mumtaz, McVicar, Kristie, LeBlanc, Lise, and Fillmore, Sherry
- Subjects
WOOD ash ,BIOAVAILABILITY ,CALCIUM carbonate ,POTASSIUM ,SOIL composition ,SOIL acidity - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
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15. Effects of waste material-lime additive mixtures on mechanical properties of granular soils.
- Author
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Kalkan, Ekrem
- Subjects
- *
SOILS , *SILICA fume , *FLY ash , *LIME (Minerals) , *ROAD construction , *EARTHWORK - Abstract
Granular soil was stabilized using different proportions of silica fume-lime and fly ash-lime and compacted at optimum water content. Compaction, compressive strength and California Bearing Ratio tests were undertaken which confirmed that the use of waste materials and lime mixtures improved the strength properties of the crushed granular soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Recycling of calcium fluoride sludge as additive in the solidification–stabilization of fly ash.
- Author
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Young-Ju Kim and Qureshi, Tahir Imran
- Subjects
- *
CALCIUM fluoride , *SEWAGE sludge , *FLY ash , *CEMENT , *CALCIUM hydroxide , *PORTLAND cement - Abstract
Recycling of calcium fluoride sludge as additive in the solidification of fly ash with cement or calcium hydroxide was studied. Fly ash solidified with calcium hydroxide and calcium fluoride sludge failed to achieve a target compressive strength of 200 kN/m2 over a reaction period of 10 d. White Portland cement had produced good results in comparison with high early strength cement or Portland cement. Compressive strength of the material solidified with white Portland cement was found to be 39% higher than the material solidified with Portland cement. The optimum mix was found to be that with 80% fly ash, 5% white Portland cement, and 15% calcium fluoride sludge. Heavy metal ions and fluorides found in the leachate of stabilized matrix were below the discharge limit. Recycling of calcium fluoride as additive reduced the cost of solidification of fly ash to 41% while helping to transform hazardous sludge into an environmentally friendly material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Strength of compacted earth: linking soil properties to stabilizers.
- Author
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Burroughs, Steve
- Subjects
SOIL compaction ,SOIL mechanics ,SOIL conditioners ,SOIL stabilization ,SOIL-structure interaction ,STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) - Abstract
Copyright of Building Research & Information is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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18. Aggregate size effect on the development of cementitious compounds in a lime-treated soil during curing
- Author
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Wei-Min Ye, Anh Minh Tang, Wenjing Sun, Nadia Benhamed, Myriam Duc, Yejiao Wang, Yu-Jun Cui, Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sols, Roches et Ouvrages Géotechniques (IFSTTAR/GERS/SRO), Communauté Université Paris-Est-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), University of Shanghai [Shanghai], Tongji University, and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est
- Subjects
0211 other engineering and technologies ,Tobermorite ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,TRAITEMENT A LA CHAUX ,complex mixtures ,AGGREGATE SIZE ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,0201 civil engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,MINERAL COMPOSITION ,Calcium oxide ,Environmental scanning electron microscope ,Curing (chemistry) ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,Lime ,Chemistry ,Metallurgy ,Geology ,GRANULAT ,DURCISSEMENT ,Microstructure ,CURING TIME ,Chemical engineering ,CHAUX ,Soil water ,engineering ,Cementitious ,MICROSTRUCTURE ,TRAITEMENT DES SOLS - Abstract
This work aims to investigate the aggregate size effect on changes in mineralogical composition and microstructure of lime-treated compacted soils. Three soil powders with different maximum aggregate sizes (Dmax = 5, 1 and 0.4 mm) were prepared prior to the treatment with 2% of lime. X-ray diffraction (XRD), environmental scanning electron microscope (Env. SEM) coupled with chemical analysis using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were used to analyse untreated and treated samples at various curing times. Crystallized C-S-H on tobermorite form was identified in the lime-treated soil prepared with large aggregates after one year curing, and an evident increase in nanopores
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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19. Evaluation of bacteriological indicators of disinfection for alkaline treated biosolids1.
- Author
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Meckes, Mark C. and Rhodes, Eric R.
- Subjects
- *
HETEROTROPHIC bacteria , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *CLOSTRIDIUM , *LIME (Minerals) , *BACTERIA - Abstract
A suite of methods was used to enumerate fecal coliforms, total culturable heterotrophs, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Clostridium perfringens endospores (C. perfringens), aerobic endospores, and Salmonella spp. in untreated municipal sludge and lime treated biosolids. Results of this work indicate that the fecal coliform methods used during this evaluation were not significantly different (α = 0.05). Similarly the E. coli methods were also shown to be not significantly different (α = 0.05). We also found that the fecal coliform and E. coli populations are more susceptible to lime treatment than other heterotrophic bacteria. Endospore forming bacteria were found to survive lime treatment while the numbers of other indicator organisms were significantly reduced. Finally, we showed that the density of aerobic endospores and their resistance to lime treatment was comparable to the densities and resistance of C. perfringens endospores in both Class A and B alkaline treated biosolids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Evaluation of bacteriological indicators of disinfection for alkaline treated biosolids1.
- Author
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Meckes, Mark C. and Rhodes, Eric R.
- Subjects
HETEROTROPHIC bacteria ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,CLOSTRIDIUM ,LIME (Minerals) ,BACTERIA - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Environmental Engineering & Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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21. Mechanical improvement and vertical yield stress prediction of clayey soils from eastern Canada treated with lime or cement.
- Author
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Tremblay, Hélène, Leroueil, Serge, and Locat, Jacques
- Subjects
CLAY soils ,SOIL stabilization ,SOIL consolidation test ,COMPRESSIBILITY ,LIME (Minerals) ,CEMENT ,STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) - Abstract
The method of soil stabilization is well known and has been used throughout the world for many decades to improve some soil properties. Although many researchers have studied the effect of adding a cementing agent to a soil, not many of these researchers have explored the effect of treatment on the resulting properties of high water content soils like dredged material. Also, there has been little work concerning the prediction of the mechanical changes to the soil. Therefore, this paper summarizes the results of a research project conducted to define the general mechanical behavior of high water content clayey soils from eastern Canada treated with lime or cement, in terms of compressibility. In the light of this research, the general compressibility behavior has been obtained, defined by relationships between initial void ratio, additive content, and vertical yield stress for a given inorganic or organic soil. These relationships have been normalized on the basis of the one-dimensional compression curve of the remolded and reconstituted untreated soil to give a simple method for predicting the vertical yield stress of a treated soil for any initial void ratio and its resistance to compression.Key words: stabilization, compressibility, yield stress, clayey soils, lime, cement.La méthode de stabilisation des sols est bien connue et a été utilisée depuis plusieurs décades à travers le monde pour améliorer certaines propriétés des sols. Quoique plusieurs chercheurs aient étudié l'effet de l'addition d'un agent de cimentation au sol, peu d'entre eux ont exploré l'effet du traitement sur les propriétés résultantes des sols à teneur en eau élevée tels que les matériaux dragués. Également, il y a eu peu d'études portant sur la prédiction des changements mécaniques apportés au sol. En conséquence, cet article résume les résultats d'un projet de recherche réalisé pour définir un comportement mécanique général en terme de compressibilité de sols argileux à hautes teneurs en eau de l'est du Canada avec de la chaux ou du ciment. À la lumière de cette recherche, on a obtenu le comportement général en compressibilité défini par la relation entre l'indice des vides initial, la teneur en additif, et la contrainte de préconsolidation apparente verticale pour un sol donné organique ou inorganique. Finalement, ces relations ont été normalisées sur la base de la courbe de compression unidimensionnelle du sol non traité remanié et reconstitué pour donner un méthode simple pour prédire la contrainte de préconsolidation apparente verticale d'un sol traité pour n'importe quel indice de vide initial, et sa résistance à la compression.Mots clés : stabilisation, compressibilité, contrainte de préconsolidation apparente, sols argileux, chaux, ciment.[Traduit par la Rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Compressibility and hydraulic conductivity of a chemically treated expansive clay.
- Author
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Nalbantoglu, Zalihe and Tuncer, Erdil Riza
- Subjects
LIME (Minerals) ,FLY ash ,SOILS ,COMPRESSIBILITY ,SOIL consolidation - Abstract
The paper presents a series of laboratory tests and evaluates the effect of lime and fly ash on the compressibility and hydraulic characteristics of an expansive soil in Cyprus. The tests were performed at different percentages of lime (0–7%) and fly ash (15 and 25%) by dry weight of soil, and additional tests were also performed on soils treated with 15% fly ash plus 3% lime. Previously published research reveals that few data are available concerning the compressibility and hydraulic conductivity of lime-treated soils. The results of this study indicate an increase in the vertical effective yield stress (apparent preconsolidation pressure) and a decrease in the compressibility characteristics of the treated soils. Moreover, unlike some of the findings in the literature, higher hydraulic conductivity values were obtained with time. This finding has been substantiated by the reduced cation exchange capacity (CEC) values, which indicate that the pozzolanic reaction causes the soils to become more granular in nature, resulting in higher hydraulic conductivity.Key words: cementation, compressibility, fly ash, hydraulic conductivity, lime.L'article présent une série d'essais en laboratoire et évalue l'effet de la chaux et de la cendre volante sur la compressibilité et les caractéristiques hydrauliques d'un sol gonflant de Chypre. Les essais ont été réalisés à différents pourcentages de chaux (0 – 7 %) et de cendre volante (15 % et 25 %) par rapport au poids sec des sols, et des essais additionnels ont aussi été réalisés sur des sols traités avec 15 % de cendres volante et 3 % de chaux. Des recherches publiées antérieurement révèlent qu'il y a très peu de données disponibles sur la compressibilité et la conductivité hydraulique de sols traités à la chaux. Les résultats de l'étude indiquent une augmentation de la contrainte verticale effective à la limite d'élasticité (pression apparente de préconsolidation) et une diminution des caractéristiques de compressibilité des sols traités. De plus, contrairement aux données disponibles dans la littérature, des valeurs plus élevées de la conductivité hydraulique ont été obtenues en fonction du temps. Cette constatation a été appuyée par les valeurs de capacité d'échange de cations (CEC) qui indiquent que la réaction pozzolanique a pour conséquence que les sols évoluent vers une condition plus granulaire, résultant en une plus grande conductivité hydraulique.Mots clés : cimentation, compressibilité, cendre volante, conductivité hydraulique, chaux.[Traduit par la Rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2001
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23. Stabilisation des sols gonflants: cas d'une argile en provenance de Mila (Algérie).
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Afès, M. and Didier, G.
- Abstract
Copyright of Bulletin of Engineering Geology & the Environment is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2000
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24. Limestone ash waste as a substitute for lime in soil improvement for engineering construction.
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Okagbue, C. O. and Yakubu, J. A.
- Abstract
Copyright of Bulletin of Engineering Geology & the Environment is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2000
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25. Digues résistantes en sol traité à la chaux : les apports du projet DigueELITE et les conséquences sur la conception
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Nerincx, N., Bonelli, S., Herrier, G., Tachker, P., Puiatti, D., Cornacchioli, F., Nicaise, S., Lesueur, D., ISL, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LHOIST NIVELLES BEL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), EDF (EDF), DPST CONSULTING VILLEMOMBLE FRA, ARCOR TECHNOLOGIES MEYREUIL FRA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
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DigueELITE ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,chaux ,SOIL TREATMENT ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,sol traité ,LEVEE ,digue ,DIKE ,LIME ,ouvrage hydraulique - Abstract
National audience; Nowadays, lime-treatment of silty and clayey soils is frequently used to build linear transportation infrastructures. Use of this technology in the context of hydraulic structures is gaining strong interest. It has indeed be demonstrated, thanks to former R&D works, that lime-treated soils can successfully fulfil a series of relevant functions as far as dams and levees are concerned : slope stability, low permeability, resistance to surface and internal erosion. Lab experiments and full-scale field measurements, completed by a careful review of existing infrastructures worldwide, substantiate this statement. As part of the recent DigueELITE R&D project, the overflow resistance of a levee made with a lime-treated soil has been measured on a structure built on the Vidourle river (France). One of the outcomes of the project was the development of a measuring device for in-situ evaluation of surface erosion, together with the corresponding test protocols and subsequent analysis. With this set-up, it was possible to demonstrate that the lime-treated soil was 5 to 10 times more resistant to overtopping than the same untreated soil, with a maximum improvement in the most sensitive zones (crest and toe). After a brief recall of the impact of lime-treatment on relevant soil properties, this article presents: - The results of the overflow trials on the full scale levees, and their interpretation, - The consequences of the findings of the DigueELITE project in terms of levee and small dam design, including cost analysis, - The overall project conclusions and further mid- and long-term perspectives.; Le traitement des sols à la chaux est couramment utilisé pour l'amélioration et la stabilisation des sols limoneux et argileux, dans le cadre de la construction d'infrastructures. L'intérêt de cette technique dans le cadre des ouvrages hydrauliques en terre est croissant. En effet, il a été montré lors de programmes de recherche que le matériau sol-chaux pouvait efficacement remplir une série de fonctions pertinentes pour les ouvrages hydrauliques : stabilité, faible niveau de perméabilité, résistance à l'érosion interne et de surface. Des expérimentations à l'échelle du laboratoire et sur des réalisations en vraie grandeur, ainsi que des retours d'expérience à travers le monde, ont appuyé ces constats. Récemment, dans le cadre du projet de R&D DigueELITE, la résistance à la surverse d'une digue en sol traité à la chaux le long de la rivière Vidourle (Gard, France) a pu être quantifiée, à l'aide d'un dispositif d'essai de surverse in situ innovant, issu du projet. Les résultats montrent une résistance à l'érosion par surverse du sol-chaux 5 à 10 fois plus élevée que le même sol non traité, le contraste le plus important étant mesuré aux points sensibles de la digue (crête et pied de talus). Après un bref rappel des propriétés conférées au sol par le traitement à la chaux, l'article présente : - Les résultats des essais de surverse sur l'ouvrage démonstrateur du Vidourle et leur interprétation - Les impacts des résultats du projet DigueELITE sur la conception des digues et des petits barrages en remblai - Une analyse économique - Le bilan du projet DigueELITE et les perspectives à court et moyen terme.
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- 2019
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26. Crop yield and soil fertility as affected by papermill biosolids and liming by-products.
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Ziadi, Noura, Gagnon, Bernard, and Nyiraneza, Judith
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SEWAGE sludge as fertilizer ,ALKALINE solutions ,SOIL management ,WOOD ash ,CROP yields - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Soil Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2013
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27. Papermill biosolids and alkaline residuals affect crop yield and soil properties over nine years of continuous application.
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Gagnon, Bernard and Ziadi, Noura
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SEWAGE sludge as fertilizer ,SOIL fertility ,SOIL science ,QUANTITATIVE research ,PERMANENT paper - Abstract
The article focuses on a continuous study of nine years which examined the effects of applications of papermill biosolids (PB) alone or with several liming by-products on soil fertility. It also discusses several research methods including material analysis, plant analysis and statistical analysis. The article concludes that PB and alkaline residuals can be efficiently applied for many years on agricultural soils without any adverse effect on the environment.
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- 2012
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28. Phosphorus solubility and bioavailability from poultry litter supplemented with gypsum and lime.
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Irshad, Muhammad, Saleem, Asma, Faridullah, Hassan, Amjad, Pervez, Arshid, and Eneji, A. Egrinya
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BIOAVAILABILITY ,PHOSPHORUS in soils ,SOIL amendments ,GYPSUM ,ANIMAL litters ,SPINACH - Abstract
The article focuses on a study which examines the release and bioavailability of phosphorus (P) to spinach from soils amended with gypsum and lime supplemented with poultry litter. It states that gypsum and lime are significant amendments for the regulation of soil reaction and has an immense influence on soil nutrient availability. It also mentions the results which reveal that application of these amendments has lowered the P concentration and spinach yield.
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- 2012
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29. Impact du liant sur le comportement structurel des matériaux cimentaires fluides : Mécanismes et modélisation
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Jaafri, Reda, Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École centrale de Nantes, and Ahmed Loukili
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Cracking ,Retrait ,[SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering ,Modélisation ,Modeling ,Lime ,Discrete element ,Éléments discrets ,Chaux ,Shrinkage ,Tuilage ,Curling ,Fissuration - Abstract
Drying of cementitious materials and the induced shrinkage have major consequences on the structural behavior of slabs and screeds. The restrained shrinkage is one of the main causes of cracking. In addition, if the drying is unidirectional, the differential shrinkage leads to curling which is defined as the lifting of the corners and the edges of thin slabs.To understand the phenomena induced by internal relative humidity gradients, experimental and numerical studies have been jointly conducted, and new experimental devices have been developed. It is shown that the evolution of curling mainly depends on the progression of the drying front. The predominant influence of drying therefore requires the use of a suitable method for curing. Thanks to its high water retention capacity, a systematic study has been conducted on lime in order to study its potential curing effect. The hydraulic lime, through its influence on the microstructure and its curing effect, delayed and reduced curling. Based on the experimental results, two different approaches have been developed to model the curling of slabs: i / a continuous analytical model,and ii / a discrete element model. Calculations show that higher shrinkage appears on the surface and causes microcracking that may relax internal stresses. The lime seems to lead to a greater depth of damage, which partly explains its effect on the curling amplitude. The discrete element approach is able to reproduce the evolution of curling both in terms of kinetics and amplitude from the sole measurements of differential shrinkage. Lime is also shown to be beneficial when incorporated into self compacting concretes by acting on both shrinkage and viscoelastic properties.; Le séchage des matériaux cimentaires et le retrait induit ont des conséquences majeures sur le comportement structurel des dalles et chapes. Le retrait empêché est une des principales causes de la fissuration de ces ouvrages. En sus, si le séchage est unidirectionnel, le retrait différentiel favorise le tuilage qui traduit le soulèvement des coins et des bords des dalles minces. Afin de mieux cerner les phénomènes induits par les gradients d’humidité relative interne, des études expérimentales et numériques ont été menées conjointement, et de nouveaux dispositifs expérimentaux ont été développés. On montre que l’évolution du tuilage dépend principalement de la progression du front de séchage. L’influence prédominante du séchage impose donc de recourir à une cure adaptée. Grâce à sa forte capacité de rétention d’eau, une étude systématique a été conduite sur la chaux en vue d’étudier son potentiel effet de cure. La chaux hydraulique a permis, par son influence sur la microstructure et son effet de cure, de retarder et réduire le tuilage. Sur la base des résultats expérimentaux, deux approches différentes de modélisation du tuilage ont été développées : i/ un modèle analytique continu, et ii/ une modélisation par éléments discrets. Les calculs montrent que des retraits plus importants apparaissent en surface et entraînent une microfissuration qui permet de relaxer les contraintes internes. La chaux semble conduire à une profondeur d’endommagement plus importante, ce qui explique en partie son effet sur l’amplitude du tuilage. L’approche par éléments discrets est capable de reproduire l’évolution du tuilage aussi bien en cinétique qu’en amplitude à partir des seules mesures du retrait différentiel. La chaux s’est aussi révélée bénéfique quand elle est incorporée dans les bétons autoplaçants en agissant à la fois sur le retrait et sur les propriétés viscoélastiques.
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- 2018
30. Erosion resistant dikes thanks to soil treatment with lime
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Herrier, G, Bonelli, Stéphane, Cornacchioli, F., Nerincx, N., Nicaise, Sylvie, Puiatti, D., Richard, J.M., Tachker, P., Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
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BARRAGE ,embankments ,CHAUX ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,DIGUE ,lime ,erosion ,dams - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]RIVAGE [ADD1_IRSTEA]Hydrosystèmes et risques naturels3rd International Conference on Protection against Overtopping, Grange-over-Sands, , 06-/06/2018 - 08/06/2018; International audience; Lime treatment is a well-known technique of earthworks, for soil improvement and stabilization, its applications are mainly roads, railways, airports and platforms construction. In addition, some positive past experiences of lime treatment were related to solve erosion problems of dispersive and non-cohesive soil in hydraulic structures. The interest of the hydraulic works community regarding this technique is currently growing. During the last decade, the benefits of lime treatment and appropriate application technologies were evidenced for earthworks execution, for the improvement of mechanical properties and stability, high internal and external erosion resistance of treated materials and the possibility to maintain low hydraulic conductivity values. These have been shown in the laboratory and for some properties with full scale experiments. The conferred soil properties can lead to innovative earthfill dams and dikes designs by addressing some of the typ- ical designer's problems, such as stability, watertightness, internal erosion, surface protection and flood control. However, lime treated soil external erosion resistance was still to be quantified in the field for proper designing and dimensioning of lime treated soil external erosion protection or spillways. With this purpose, an experimental earthfill dike was built along the river Vidourle (south of France) in July 2015, in the frame of the French R&D program "DigueELITE". This 50 m long and 3,5 m high dike is made of lime treated silty soil and is provided with sensors (suction, water content and temperature) and piezometer in order to be monitored. It also was tested against surface erosion (JET testing) and real scale overflow testing. The in situ methodology and equipment for assessment of overflow resistance, and the benefits of lime-treatment against overflow are described. Eventually, proposals for dike design perspectives thanks to soil treatment with lime are opened.
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- 2018
31. Acoustical properties of hemp concretes for buildings thermal insulation: Application to clay and lime binders
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Arthur Hellouin de Menibus, Matthias Degrave-Lemeurs, Philippe Glé, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale (UMRAE ), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Eco-Pertica, and parent
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Materials science ,ECO-CONSTRUCTION ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,MATERIAU DE CONSTRUCTION ,02 engineering and technology ,PROPAGATION ,engineering.material ,ACOUSTICAL PROPERTIES ,01 natural sciences ,THERMAL INSULATION ,Hemp concrete ,MATERIAU ,Thermal insulation ,Physical phenomena ,021105 building & construction ,0103 physical sciences ,ACLI ,General Materials Science ,Geotechnical engineering ,HEMP ,Composite material ,CLAY ,010301 acoustics ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Lime ,business.industry ,CHANVRE ,Building and Construction ,LIME ,First order ,CEREMA ,[PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph] ,ARGILE ,CHAUX ,engineering ,ACOUSTIQUE ,business - Abstract
This experimental and modelling study provides a general overview of the acoustical performance of hemp-lime and hemp-clay for building thermal insulation at the material scale. It is based on statistically robust experimental results from more than 100 hemp-clay samples, together with the analysis of a large hemp-lime database. In hemp-clay mixes, our experimental results show the concentration of hemp in a mix has a first order effect on the acoustical performance, while binder fluidity and clay type have no effect. Another conclusion of this study is that hemp-clay and hemp-lime behave acoustically in a similar way. For both materials, experimental sound absorption and transmission curves can be modelled with a physical-based four-parameters approach. The close agreement between experimental measurements and modelling highlights the good level of understanding of the physical phenomena responsible for the acoustical behavior of hemp concrete. A classification is finally proposed in terms of density to be used as a general guideline to evaluate or optimize the acoustical performances of hemp-based concrete.
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- 2018
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32. Overflow resistant dike sections: quantification of resistance to internal erosion and surface erosion in the framework of the DigueELITE project
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Nerincx, N., Stéphane Bonelli, Cornacchioli, F., Fry, J. J., Herrier, G., Florian Mercier, Sylvie Nicaise, Puiatti, D., Richard, J. M., Tachker, J. M., ISL, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Acor technologie, Lhoist Recherche et Développement, EDF (EDF), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture, IRSTEA, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
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SURVERSE ,embankments ,CHAUX ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,DIGUE ,lime ,erosion ,innovation - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]RIVAGE [ADD1_IRSTEA]Hydrosystèmes et risques naturelsColloque SHF/CFBR "Hydraulique des barrages et des digues", Chambéry, FRA, 29-/11/2017 - 30/11/2017; National audience; Knowledge about flood protection dike is under continuous development. French R&D project DigueELITE aims to develop state of the art flood protection dikes making innovative use of lime treatment of soil. Structural components of different dike stretches may be distinguished by their geotechnical, hydraulic of structural role. The components may have to satisfy different functions in the hydraulic structure. Six functions are proposed by DigueELITE : 1) workability, 2) stability, 3) ability to retain water, 4) resistance to internal erosion, 5) surface protection, 6) evacuation (spillway). It is mandatory to assess material's ability to satisfy one ore more functions. Amongst other goals, DigueELITE aims to study both internal and external erosion resistance (function 4 to 6) of lime treated soil, in one single project unlike many other researches about the same topic, in order to get a comprehensive understanding of lime treated soil behaviour under hydraulic stress. Therefore, an experimental dike has been built along Vidourle River (south of France) in summer 2015. The dike is about 50 m long and 3,5 m high. The dike This paper summarizes the process of internal and external erosion testing and results obtained with two innovative test devices: laboratory test of internal erosion under turbulent flow, and in situ surface erosion test under free surface flow with steep slope. The paper concludes with some design optimizations and innovations made possible by the remarkable performance of lime treated soil.; Une digue fluviale de protection est un ouvrage linéaire, en surélévation par rapport au TN, faisant partie d'un système de protection contre les inondations de cours d'eau. L'état de l'art actuel concernant les digues est en pleine évolution. Le projet de recherche DigueELITE s'inscrit dans cette dynamique, avec un angle résolument « matériau » focalisé sur l'utilisation innovante du sol traité à la chaux. Les composants structurels des différents tronçons de digues se définissent par leurs fonctions géotechniques, hydrauliques ou structurelles. Selon le rôle qu'on veut lui faire jouer dans l'ouvrage hydraulique, le composant peut satisfaire aux exigences propres de différentes fonctions. Six fonctions sont proposées par DigueELITE: 1) maniabilité à la mise en oeuvre, 2) stabilité mécanique, 3) étanchéité (liée à la perméabilité), 4) résistance à l'érosion interne, 5) résistance à l'érosion de surface par surverse, 6) évacuation (déversoir). Il est capital de quantifier la capacité du matériau à satisfaire une ou plusieurs fonctions. Afin d'étudier de manière unifiée la résistance du matériau sol traité à la chaux aux sollicitations hydrauliques internes et externes, une digue expérimentale en remblai a été construite le long de la rivière Vidourle en juillet 2015, dans le cadre du projet DigueELITE, de 50 m de long et 3,5 m de haut. Cette communication synthétise la méthodologie déployée et les résultats obtenus avec deux appareillages innovants : la simulation au laboratoire de l'érosion interne sous écoulement turbulent, et la simulation in situ de l'érosion de surface sous écoulement à surface libre sur forte pente. La communication conclut sur les perspectives offertes au concepteur par l'utilisation des performances remarquables du sol traité à la chaux.
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- 2017
33. Levees, dikes and small earth dams: a field overflowing simulator
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Florian Mercier, Charrier, G., Stéphane Bonelli, Sylvie Nicaise, Chaouch, N., Gremeaux, Y., Byron, F., Luu, L. H., Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
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SURVERSE ,ESSAI IN SITU ,BARRAGE ,embankments ,CHAUX ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,in situ test ,DIGUE ,lime ,dams ,erosion ,innovation - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]RIVAGE [ADD1_IRSTEA]Hydrosystèmes et risques naturelsColloque SHF/CFBR "Hydraulique des barrages et des digues", Chambéry, FRA, 29-/11/2017 - 30/11/2017; National audience; One of the key scenarios of the hazard study is the failure of a river dike following the occurrence of a flood beyond the crest of the structure. It is important to quantify the resistance to overflow. Small-scale laboratory tests are excluded due to the lack of similarity for a free surface flow phenomenon on steep slopes with erosion of a cohesive soil. Moreover, bringing the dike soil into a hydraulic laboratory channel does not make it possible to have a correct representation of the material in place, in terms of granulometry and heterogeneity induced by the compaction by layers. This is why we have developed a field overflowing simulator. The device was deployed for the first time in April 2016 as part of the DigueELITE research project on a 3.5 m high experimental dike in 2 channels, 61 cm wide and 15 m long, covering the downstream slope (Slope 1.5H / 1V) and the downstream platform: one on lime-treated soil, the other on untreated soil. Two test campaigns were carried out, with flow rates up to 570 l / s per linear meter, velocities of 5 m / s at the slope foot, and a water height of 30 cm at crest. The procedure followed is based on the recommendations of ASTM-D6460 standard. Each campaign corresponds to an overflow duration of 4h30. The first phase of erosion is that of the surface layer. The second phase is that of the dike body constituent soil. The erosion shows a stair-steps pattern, due to the layers of compaction. The results obtained with the overflowing simulator show that lime-treated soil has better erosion resistance than untreated soil. Compared to the untreated soil, erosion in the lower part of the slope is 3 times less in lime-treated soil, and the scour depth development process at the downstream toe is 5 to 10 times smaller.; La rupture d'une digue fluviale suite à la survenue d'une crue dépassant la crête de l'ouvrage constitue l'un des scénarios incontournables de l'étude de dangers. Il est capital de quantifier la résistance à la surverse. Des essais à petite échelle au laboratoire sont exclus, du fait de l'absence de similitude pour un phénomène d'écoulement à surface libre sur forte pente avec érosion d'un sol cohésif. Par ailleurs, apporter le sol de digue dans un canal hydraulique de laboratoire ne permet pas d'avoir une représentation correcte du matériau en place, en terme de granulométrie et d'hétérogénéité induite par le compactage par couches. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons développé un simulateur de surverse in situ, à échelle un. Le dispositif a été déployé pour la première fois en avril 2016 dans le cadre du projet de recherche DigueELITE sur une digue expérimentale de 3,5 m de haut, dans 2 canaux de 61 cm de large et 15 m de long, couvrant le talus aval (pente 1,5H/1V) et la plate-forme aval : l'un sur sol-chaux, l'autre sur sol non traité. Deux campagnes d'essais ont été réalisées, avec des débits allant jusqu'à 570 l/s par mètre linéaire, des vitesses de 5 m/s en pied de talus, et une lame d'eau de 30 cm en crête. La procédure suivie s'appuie sur les recommandations de la norme ASTM-D6460. Chaque campagne correspond à une durée d'écoulement de 4h30. La première phase d'érosion est celle de la couche superficielle. La deuxième phase est celle du sol constitutif. L'érosion se fait en marches d'escalier, en faisant apparaître les couches de compactage. Les résultats obtenus avec le simulateur de surverse montrent que le sol-chaux a une meilleure résistance à l'érosion que le sol non-traité. Par rapport au sol non traité, l'érosion en partie basse du talus est 3 fois moins importante dans le sol-chaux, et le développement de la fosse d'érosion en pied de talus aval y est 5 à 10 fois moins important.
- Published
- 2017
34. Evaluation des Risques Ecotoxicologiques liés à l’épandage de boues de STEP chaulées sur une parcelle agricole
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Pascale Chenon, Gilles Donguy, Impacts des Polluants sur les Écosystèmes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and VoxGaia
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ecosystem ,ecotoxicity ,chaux ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,Philosophy ,évaluation des risques écotoxicologiques ,Forestry ,boues de step ,15. Life on land ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,6. Clean water ,ecotoxicological risk assessment ,12. Responsible consumption ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,écosystèmes ,13. Climate action ,écotoxicité ,urban sludges ,lime - Abstract
Sewage sludge from urban wastewater plants can be applied on agricultural land in accordance to a regulatory framework established by a 1997 decree, under the responsibility of the producer of the sludge considered as waste. Under the impetus of the French Lime Association, a technical dossier for the creation of a new standard, based on the realization of an Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment (ERA) on limed sludge, was transmitted to ANSES, and led to the development of an AFNOR standard (NFU44-003) allowing the use of these sludge as soil improvers. The ERA, which typically involves four steps (problem formulation, characterization of exposure, characterization of effects, risk characterization), has been implemented using the "substances" approach to the terrestrial ecosystem, a typical scenario of spreading sludge on agricultural soil. Physicochemical analyzes were carried out on these sludges with regard to the following hazard tracers : 3 HAPs and 9 Trace Elements Metal. For each of these risk tracers, exposure (PEC) was characterized on the basis of a sludge dilution factor in agricultural soil, calculated for the so-called agricultural D1 (0.1 %) and a dose 5 times greater D5 (0.5 %), while ecotoxicological values (PNEC) were derived from international databases. For each substance, and for the exposure doses D1 and D5, the risk was characterized according to the quotient (PEC / PNEC) method of Technical Guidance Document (TGD). The results of the ERA suggest that there is no significant risk to the terrestrial ecosystem for exposure doses D1 and D5. To reinforce or refine this conclusion, the implementation of a "matrix" approach, closer to reality on the ground, and involving several urban sludges, would be desirable, not only for the terrestrial ecosystem but also for the nearby streams and groundwater underneath the cultivated area., Les boues de stations d'épuration urbaines peuvent être épandues sur sol agricole selon un cadre règlementaire fixé par un décret de 1997, sous la responsabilité du producteur de ces boues considérées comme des déchets. Sous l’impulsion de l'Union des producteurs de chaux, un dossier technique pour la création d'une nouvelle norme, basé sur la réalisation d’une Evaluation des Risques Ecotoxicologiques (ERE) portant sur des boues chaulées, a été transmis à l’ANSES, et a conduit à l’élaboration d’une norme AFNOR (NFU44-003) permettant d’utiliser ces boues en tant qu’amendement. L’ERE, qui comporte classiquement quatre étapes (formulation du problème, caractérisation des expositions, caractérisation des effets, caractérisation des risques) a été mise en place selon l’approche « substances » portant sur l’écosystème terrestre, sur la base d’un scénario type d’épandage de boues chaulées sur un sol agricole. Des analyses physicochimiques ont été réalisées sur ces boues en ce qui concerne les traceurs de risques suivants : 3 HAPs et 9 Eléments Trace Métalliques. Pour chacun de ces traceurs de risque, l’exposition (PEC) a été caractérisée sur la base d’un facteur de dilution de la boue dans le sol agricole, calculé pour la dose D1 dite agricole (0,1 %) et une dose 5 fois plus importante D5 (0,5 %), tandis que des valeurs écotoxicologiques (PNEC) ont été tirées des bases de données internationales. Ainsi, pour chaque substance, et pour les doses d’exposition D1 et D5, le risque a été caractérisé selon la méthode du quotient (PEC/PNEC) du TGD (Technical Guidance Document) de l’ECB (European Chemical Bureau). Les résultats de l’ERE permettent de conclure à l’absence de risque significatif pour l’écosystème terrestre pour les doses d’exposition D1 et D5. Pour conforter ou affiner cette conclusion, la mise en œuvre d’une approche « matrice », plus proche de la réalité du terrain, et portant sur plusieurs boues de STEP, serait souhaitable, non seulement pour l’écosystème terrestre mais aussi pour les cours d’eau avoisinants et la nappe phréatique située à l’aplomb de la surface cultivée.
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- 2017
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35. Enhancement of microalgae anaerobic digestion by thermo-alkaline pretreatment with lime (CaO)
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Ivet Ferrer, Hélène Carrère, Maria Solé-Bundó, Marianna Garfí, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FOTOBIOGAS CTQ2014-57293-C3-3-R), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GEMMA - Grup d'Enginyeria i Microbiologia del Medi Ambient, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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anaerobic digestion ,Microalgae--Biotechnology ,Algae ,chaux ,020209 energy ,Biomass solubilisation ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Kinetics ,Biomass ,Biogas ,digestion anaérobie ,02 engineering and technology ,Chemical pretreatment ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,prétraitement thermochimique ,Energies::Recursos energètics renovables::Biogàs [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,chemical pretreatment ,Anaerobic digestion ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,biogas ,Food science ,Microalgues ,lime ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lime ,Methane potential ,algae ,micro-algue ,biology ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,Biogàs ,biology.organism_classification ,biomass solubilisation ,biogaz ,Biotechnology ,13. Climate action ,algue ,engineering ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the effect of a thermo-alkaline pretreatment with lime (CaO) on microalgae anaerobic digestion. The pretreatment was carried out by adding different CaO doses (4 and 10%) at different temperatures (room temperature (25 °C), 55 and 72 °C). The exposure time was 4 days for pretreatments at 25 °C, and 24 h for pretreatments at 55 and 72 °C. Following, a biochemical methane potential test was conducted with pretreated and untreated microalgae. According to the results, the pretreatment enhanced proteins solubilisation by 32.4% and carbohydrates solubilisation by 31.4% with the highest lime dose and temperature (10% CaO and 72 °C). Furthermore, anaerobic digestion kinetics were improved in all cases (from 0.08 to 0.14 day- 1 for untreated and pretreated microalgae, respectively). The maximum biochemical methane potential increase (25%) was achieved with 10% CaO at 72 °C, in accordance with the highest biomass solubilisation. Thus, lime pretreatment appears as a potential strategy to improve microalgae anaerobic digestion.
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- 2017
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36. Traitement à la chaux : nouvelles perspectives pour l'utilisation des sols silteux et argileux dans les ouvrages hydrauliques en terre
- Author
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Christophe Chevalier, Daniel Puiatti, Michel Froumentin, Gontran Herrier, Stéphane Bonelli, Jean-Jacques Fry, Research and Development, Lhoist, DPST Consulting, Sols, Roches et Ouvrages Géotechniques (IFSTTAR/GERS/SRO), Communauté Université Paris-Est-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Centre d'études techniques de l'équipement Normandie-Centre (CETE Normandie-Centre), Avant création Cerema, Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie (UR OHAX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre d'Ingénierie Hydraulique [Savoie Technolac] (CIH-EDF), EDF (EDF), LHOIST NIVELLES BEL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), DPST CONSULTING PARIS FRA, Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, CETE, and Irstea Publications, Migration
- Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,DIGUE ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,SOL-CHAUX ,BARRAGES EN TERRE ,021105 building & construction ,BARRAGE EN TERRE ,lime ,Clay soil ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,Water Science and Technology ,Lime ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,embankments ,[SPI.GCIV.GEOTECH]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Géotechnique ,earth dams ,Environmental engineering ,[SPI.GCIV.CH]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction hydraulique ,DIGUES ,Archaeology ,TRAITEMENT À LA CHAUX ,Hydraulic structure ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,CHAUX ,engineering ,Geology - Abstract
International audience; This paper describes the SOTREDI project, 'Soil TREatment for Dikes', undertaken by Lhoist Group, a lime producer, since 2005. This project was led in partnership with research centres and universities, and presents new perspectives for the use of soils in hydraulic context. The objective was to demonstrate that soil treatment with lime, besides enhancing the materials workability, confers high levels of mechanical properties and low permeability values. Lime-treated soils also offer a reduction of piping and internal erosion hazards, and significantly increase the erosion resistance against overtopping and overflowing. Lime treatment of soils is a technique widely used for soils improvement and stabilization for construction of roads, highways, railways, platforms [1], [2]. If the use of lime for transportation infrastructures is well-known, however the principles of lime treatment for hydraulic earthen structures remains barely applied or even forgotten (European case). This paper describes the SOTREDI project, 'SOil TREatment for DIkes', undertaken by Lhoist Group, a lime producer, since 2005. The aim of the project was to investigate the benefits of lime treatment of soils, to measure and describe the relevant properties of these materials for an application in hydraulic context. Besides the experimental campaign at lab scale, full-scale experimental dikes were also built in order to prove the feasibility of the lime treatment and placement processes, and the performance of this kind of innovative structure.
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- 2013
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37. Impact of lime treated soils performance on design of earthfill dikes
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Nerincx, N., Bonelli, S., Puiatti, D., Herrier, G., Fry, J.J., Tourment, R., Nicaise, S., ISL, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), DPST Consulting, Recherche et développement, Lhoist, EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)
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embankments ,CHAUX ,DIGUE ,flood protection ,lime ,PROTECTION CONTRE LES CRUES ,erosion ,[SPI.GCIV.CH]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction hydraulique ,performance - Abstract
3rd European Conference on Flood Risk Management FLOODrisk 2016, Lyon, FRA, 17-/10/2016 - 21/10/2016; International audience; Nowadays soil treatment with lime in civil engineering is widespread in many countries on all continents, within several construction fields. The interest of the hydraulic works community regarding this technique is currently growing. It has been indeed shown during the last decade that appropriate treatment technologies provide lime treated soils with high level properties such as excellent homogeneity, low permeability, internal and external erosion resistance and mechanical stability. Those have been shown in laboratory and for some properties with full scale experiments. The so conferred soil properties can lead to innovative earthfill dams and dikes designs by addressing some of the typical designer's problems, such as stability, watertightness, internal erosion, surface protection and flood control. However, lime treated soil external erosion resistance is still to be quantified in the field for proper designing and dimensioning of lime treated soil external erosion protection or spillways. With this purpose, an experimental earthfill dike has been built along the river Vidourle (France) in July 2015, in the frame of the French "DigueELITE". This 50 m long and 3,5 m high dike is made of lime treated silt and is provided with sensors (suction, water content and temperature) and piezometer in order to be monitored. It will also be tested against surface erosion. The final objective of this R&D program is to provide guidelines for designing innovativeoverflow resistant earthfill dikes. This article describes the performance reached by lime treated soils and associated design requirements and application; the experimental dike construction and lessons learned; the monitoring program; the dike design perspectives opened by soil treatment.
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- 2016
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38. Caractérisation des margines issues d’une huilerie moderne et essais de leur traitement par coagulation-floculation par la chaux et le sulfate d’aluminium
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Laila Mandi, Naaila Ouazzani, Abdelghani Yaacoubi, and M. Achak
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olive mill wastewater ,Social Sciences and Humanities ,aluminium sulphate ,chaux ,organic load ,Chemistry ,polyphénols ,charge organique ,coagulation-flocculation ,Molecular biology ,Aluminium sulphate ,margines ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,lime ,polyphenols ,sulfate d’aluminium ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
L’objectif de ce travail est de réaliser une caractérisation complète des margines brutes et décantées et d’étudier la diminution de la charge organique et des polyphénols en utilisant les techniques de coagulation-floculation.Les essais de coagulation ont été réalisés à l’aide d’un banc de jar-test, constitué d’une série de six béchers. La série comporte une suspension témoin sans addition de coagulant ainsi que la même suspension soumise à des doses croissantes du coagulant (la chaux seule, le sulfate d’aluminium seul et la chaux combinée avec le sulfate d’aluminium).Les tests de coagulation-floculation montrent que l’application de sulfate d’aluminium à une dose de 1,5 g/L et à un pH entre 6,31-7,08 permet d’éliminer 40 % de la DCO, 27 % des MES et 41 % des polyphénols, tandis que l’application de la chaux à une dose de 20 g/L permet d’éliminer 43 %, 75 % et 50 % de la DCO, des polyphénols et des MES respectivement. La combinaison d’une dose de 1,5 g/L de sulfate d’aluminium et de 20 g/L de chaux permet de réduire 70,5 % des MES, 38 % de la DCO, 54 % des polyphénols et 61 % de la coloration.Il ressort de l’ensemble des résultats que le meilleur traitement par coagulation-floculation est obtenu par l’application de la chaux seule à une dose de 20 g/L et par la combinaison de 1,5 g/L de sulfate d’aluminium et de20 g/L de chaux., Olive mill wastewaters (OMW) are a significant source of environmental pollution, especially in important olive oil producing countries such as Spain, Italy, Greece, Tunisia, Morocco, Turkey, Lebanon, Syria and Portugal. When discharged into the environment, olive mill wastewaters create serious environmental problems, such as colouring of natural waters, alteration of soil quality, phytotoxicity and nuisance odours.Several methods have been reported for the removal of pollutants from these effluents. These technologies can be divided into three categories: biological, chemical and physical. Physical-chemical treatment is well known and has yielded promising results. Several authors have tested coagulation-flocculation techniques using different coagulants, such as aluminium sulphate, ferric chloride, ferric sulphate and lime, but there are few studies that have investigated the combined effect of a mixture of coagulants.The objectives of this work were to carry out a complete characterization of the raw and decanted olive mill wastewater, resulting from a modern unit located in the Marrakesh region, and to study the reduction in organic load and phenol content achievable by coagulation-flocculation using two different coagulants (lime, aluminium sulphate) and their combination. The quantity of sludge produced by the different coagulants was also determined.Coagulation tests were realized using jar test equipment in a series of six flasks. One flask corresponded to a control suspension without adding any coagulant. The other suspensions were treated with increasing coagulant concentrations of lime or aluminium sulphate, used separately (concentrations varying from 0 to 30 g/L and from 0 to 3 g/L, respectively) or in mixture. All solutions were stirred first for 3 min at 130 rpm, and then after the coagulant addition for 20 min at 30 rpm, followed by 1 h settling. Solution pH was adjusted to the desired value with sulphuric acid (4 N) or NaOH (5 N) before the coagulant was added. The supernatant was separated from the precipitate for analysis and the sludge was determined gravimetrically after drying at 100°C for 4h.Raw olive mill wastewaters are acidic (pH 4.55) and due to this low pH value biological treatment of OMW is limited. OMW are also highly saline (electric conductivity 8.4 mS/cm), due to the salting practiced to preserve olives during trituration. These effluents contain also high loads of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD of 72 g/L) and toxic polyphenols (1.4 g/L). Comparison of the characteristics of the raw and decanted olive mill wastewater showed that decantation for 3 months did not seem to affect the physical-chemical characteristics of the studies olive mill effluent, except for the concentration of the total suspended solids (TSS), which passed from 57 to 32 g/L.Coagulation-flocculation tests showed that the application of aluminium sulphate without correction of the pH caused a small decrease of the pH from 4.67 to 4.54. The optimal elimination of the polyphenols (23%), TSS (24%) and colour (15%) was obtained with an amount of 1.5 g/L, whereas the optimum for elimination of COD (50%) was obtained with an amount of 1.8 g/L. These abatements demonstrate that the studied pH range did not allow very important elimination of the polluting loads, in particular for polyphenols. Adjust of the pH to 6.31-7.08 led to a slight improvement in the percentage of reduction of TSS (27%) and COD (40%), and the abatement of polyphenols passed from 23% to 41%. This application of aluminium sulphate alone generated only a small quantity of sludge, corresponding to the low degree of TSS removal. Lime application involved an increase in pH up to an addition of 15 g/L, after which the pH stabilized around 12. A lime application of 20 g/L resulted in the reduction of COD (43%), TSS (50%) and an important elimination of polyphenols (75%); sludge produced sludge after coagulation was significant (35 g/L).The successive addition of lime to 1.5 g/L of aluminium sulphate raised the pH, starting from an amount of 10 g/L, and induced a removal of TSS (71%), COD (38%), polyphenols (54%) and colour (61%) at a dose of 20 g/L of lime. The successive addition of aluminium sulphate to 15 g/L of lime involved only a slight variation of the pH and allowed the elimination of TSS (48%), COD (36%), polyphenols (35%) and colour (70%) at a dose of 3 g/L of aluminium sulphate. Comparison between the two coagulant combinations indicated that the best TSS removal was obtained for an amount of 1.5 g/L of aluminium sulphate and 20 g/L of lime, but with a production of 40 g/L of sludge. In the case of the elimination of colour, the best combination was obtained for a dose of 3 g/L aluminium sulphate and 15 g/L of lime, with a production of only 30 g/L of sludge. All in all, the best coagulation-flocculation was obtained by application of 20 g/L of lime (used alone) and by the combination of 1.5 g/L of aluminium sulphate and 20 g/L of lime, which gave a better elimination of the colloidal particles, a good reduction of the organic matter causing colour and the toxic polyphenols. The quantity of the sludge produced from the test with lime alone was 35 g/L, whereas the combination of lime and aluminium sulphate produced 40 g/L. Analysis of variance showed that the production of sludge for the two coagulants did not present statistically significant differences (p>0.05).
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- 2008
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39. Hydro-mechanical behavior and erosion of fine tread soils
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Mehenni, Abdelwadoud, Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine, Farimah Masrouri, Olivier Cuisinier, and UL, Thèses
- Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other ,[SPI.OTHER] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other ,Traitement des sols ,Hydraulic conductivity ,Earthworks ,Cement ,Unconfined compression strength ,Lime ,Résistance à la compression simple ,Limon ,Soil treatment ,Ciment ,Mécanique des ,Internal erosion ,Sols -- Érosion ,Kaolinite ,Hole Erosion Test ,Bentonite ,Chaux ,Érosion interne ,Conductivité hydraulique ,Fluides ,Terrassement ,Sols -- Dégradation - Abstract
The current evolution of the social and economic context requires from the different actors of the public works sector to adapt their practices to the challenges of sustainable development. In the field of earthworks, companies must offer technical solutions to reuse the materials located in the vicinity of the projects in order to limit the borrowing materials and unused soils deposits. Soil treatment may allow the reuse of these materials. This study was focused on four treatment products (kaolinite, bentonite, lime and cement) as well as their effects on the hydro-mechanical behavior and internal erosion resistance of a fine silt. An enhanced HET device was designed in the framework of this study to determine the internal erosion characteristics of treated soils especially with lime and cement. Beyond the characterization of treatment effects on short-term hydro-mechanical behavior of soils, the work of this study extends to the durability of treatment and the evolution of long-term hydro-mechanical behavior of treated soils subjected to drying-wetting cycles. This study of sustainability was carried out through a multi-scale approach based on laboratory study data on soil samples and field investigations on hydraulic structures made of treated soil. The study showed that hydraulic conditions variations can decrease the performance of treated soils. These degradations result on an increase in hydraulic conductivity, a decrease of the mechanical strength and also a reduction in the critical shear stress which expresses a decrease of the internal erosion resistance. The kinetic of performance loss depends to the nature of the treatment product and percentage used as well as the exposure level, the number and amplitude of the hydraulic variations. However, the field study showed that it is possible to reduce the kinetic degradation of the soil performance through an appropriate construction design., L’évolution actuelle du contexte socio-économique oblige les différents acteurs du secteur des travaux publics à s’adapter aux problématiques du développement durable. Dans le domaine des ouvrages en terre, les entreprises doivent proposer des solutions techniques de valorisation des matériaux situés dans l’emprise des projets afin de limiter les emprunts extérieurs et la mise en dépôt des sols non utilisés. Les techniques de traitement des sols constituent une possibilité de valoriser ces matériaux. Cette étude se focalise sur quatre produits de traitement (kaolinite, bentonite, chaux et ciment) ainsi que sur leurs effets sur le comportement hydromécanique et la résistance à l’érosion interne d’un limon fin. Un dispositif d’érosion interne HET optimisé a été spécialement conçu dans le cadre de ce travail pour déterminer les caractéristiques d’érosion des sols traités notamment à la chaux et au ciment. Au-delà de la caractérisation des effets du traitement sur le comportement hydromécanique à court terme des sols, le travail de cette étude s’étend sur la durabilité des traitements et l’évolution du comportent hydromécanique à long terme des sols traités soumis à des sollicitations hydriques de séchage-humidification. Cette étude de la durabilité est effectuée à travers une approche multi-échelle fondée sur des données d’études en laboratoire sur des éprouvettes de sol traité et des investigations in situ sur des ouvrages hydrauliques en sol traité. L’étude montre que les sollicitations hydriques peuvent dégrader les performances du sol traité. Cette dégradation se traduit par une augmentation de la conductivité hydraulique, une diminution de la résistance mécanique et aussi une diminution de la contrainte critique qui exprime une diminution de la résistance à l’érosion interne. La cinétique de perte de performances est conditionnée par la nature du produit de traitement et son dosage utilisé, et aussi par le niveau d’exposition, le nombre et l’intensité des cycles hydriques. Cependant, l’étude in situ montre qu’il est possible de diminuer la cinétique de dégradation des performances de sols à travers des dispositions constructives adaptées.
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- 2015
40. Comportement hydromécanique et érosion des sols fins traités
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Mehenni, Abdelwadoud, Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine, Farimah Masrouri, and Olivier Cuisinier
- Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other ,Traitement des sols ,Hydraulic conductivity ,Earthworks ,Cement ,Unconfined compression strength ,Lime ,Résistance à la compression simple ,Limon ,Soil treatment ,Ciment ,Mécanique des ,Internal erosion ,Sols -- Érosion ,Kaolinite ,Hole Erosion Test ,Bentonite ,Chaux ,Érosion interne ,Conductivité hydraulique ,Fluides ,Terrassement ,Sols -- Dégradation - Abstract
The current evolution of the social and economic context requires from the different actors of the public works sector to adapt their practices to the challenges of sustainable development. In the field of earthworks, companies must offer technical solutions to reuse the materials located in the vicinity of the projects in order to limit the borrowing materials and unused soils deposits. Soil treatment may allow the reuse of these materials. This study was focused on four treatment products (kaolinite, bentonite, lime and cement) as well as their effects on the hydro-mechanical behavior and internal erosion resistance of a fine silt. An enhanced HET device was designed in the framework of this study to determine the internal erosion characteristics of treated soils especially with lime and cement. Beyond the characterization of treatment effects on short-term hydro-mechanical behavior of soils, the work of this study extends to the durability of treatment and the evolution of long-term hydro-mechanical behavior of treated soils subjected to drying-wetting cycles. This study of sustainability was carried out through a multi-scale approach based on laboratory study data on soil samples and field investigations on hydraulic structures made of treated soil. The study showed that hydraulic conditions variations can decrease the performance of treated soils. These degradations result on an increase in hydraulic conductivity, a decrease of the mechanical strength and also a reduction in the critical shear stress which expresses a decrease of the internal erosion resistance. The kinetic of performance loss depends to the nature of the treatment product and percentage used as well as the exposure level, the number and amplitude of the hydraulic variations. However, the field study showed that it is possible to reduce the kinetic degradation of the soil performance through an appropriate construction design.; L’évolution actuelle du contexte socio-économique oblige les différents acteurs du secteur des travaux publics à s’adapter aux problématiques du développement durable. Dans le domaine des ouvrages en terre, les entreprises doivent proposer des solutions techniques de valorisation des matériaux situés dans l’emprise des projets afin de limiter les emprunts extérieurs et la mise en dépôt des sols non utilisés. Les techniques de traitement des sols constituent une possibilité de valoriser ces matériaux. Cette étude se focalise sur quatre produits de traitement (kaolinite, bentonite, chaux et ciment) ainsi que sur leurs effets sur le comportement hydromécanique et la résistance à l’érosion interne d’un limon fin. Un dispositif d’érosion interne HET optimisé a été spécialement conçu dans le cadre de ce travail pour déterminer les caractéristiques d’érosion des sols traités notamment à la chaux et au ciment. Au-delà de la caractérisation des effets du traitement sur le comportement hydromécanique à court terme des sols, le travail de cette étude s’étend sur la durabilité des traitements et l’évolution du comportent hydromécanique à long terme des sols traités soumis à des sollicitations hydriques de séchage-humidification. Cette étude de la durabilité est effectuée à travers une approche multi-échelle fondée sur des données d’études en laboratoire sur des éprouvettes de sol traité et des investigations in situ sur des ouvrages hydrauliques en sol traité. L’étude montre que les sollicitations hydriques peuvent dégrader les performances du sol traité. Cette dégradation se traduit par une augmentation de la conductivité hydraulique, une diminution de la résistance mécanique et aussi une diminution de la contrainte critique qui exprime une diminution de la résistance à l’érosion interne. La cinétique de perte de performances est conditionnée par la nature du produit de traitement et son dosage utilisé, et aussi par le niveau d’exposition, le nombre et l’intensité des cycles hydriques. Cependant, l’étude in situ montre qu’il est possible de diminuer la cinétique de dégradation des performances de sols à travers des dispositions constructives adaptées.
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- 2015
41. Old Material for modern futur
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Saba Farès, Charles KRAEMER, Histoire et Cultures de l'Antiquité et du Moyen Âge (HISCANT-MA), Université de Lorraine (UL), and SCTH - Saudi Commission for Tourism & National Heritage
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[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,environment and society ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Saudi Arabia ,Lime ,Fours à chaux ,Kilwa ,[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences ,Ancient Arabs ,[SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies ,Archéologie agraire ,lime Kiln ,Chaux ,Environnement et Société ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Arabie Saoudite ,agrarian Archeology - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2015
42. LE TRAITEMENT DES SOLS À LA CHAUX : UNE TECHNIQUE INNOVANTE POUR LA CONSTRUCTION DES OUVRAGES HYDRAULIQUES EN TERRE
- Author
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Herrier, G., Puiatti, D., Bonelli, S., Fry, J.J., Nerincx, N., Froumentin, M., Recherche et Développement, Lhoist, aucun, DPST Consulting, Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie (UR OHAX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), CIH, EDF (EDF), ISL, CER, and Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)
- Subjects
EARTH DAMS ,SOIL MECHANICS ,CHAUX ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,EARTH LEVEE ,BARRAGE EN TERRE ,MECANIQUE DES SOLS ,LIME ,DIGUE EN TERRE - Abstract
Vingt-cinquième congrès des Grands Barrages, Stavanger, NOR, 13-/06/2015 - 20/06/2015; International audience; The technique of soil treatment with lime for the construction of infrastructure has made considerable advances over the past fifty years, and has become widespread in many countries on all continents. This success is due to the many advantages it offers: materials valorisation (with all the attendant environmental benefits), time and cost of construction reduction, etc. However, the hydraulic works community was cautious regarding a technique early in its development. The rustic character of past treatment technologies, the approximate quality control, a ignorance for long-term performance does not meet the requirements that characterize this application field. Fifty years later, advances in terms of technology, methodology, implementation, knowledge of soil-lime interactions and long-term behaviour, justify the interest in in soil treatment with lime. In addition, recent studies in both laboratory and full-scale, showed properties quite interesting about the permeability, resistance to erosion and stability. There are also references to hydraulic structures service that demonstrate the reliability of the technique. Therefore it seems useful and advisable to develop positions on soil treatment with lime technique, applied to hydraulic structures, and inspired by the achievements in other application areas (roads, railways, airports, etc.), keeping in mind the specific requirements of earthen hydraulic structures. Prospects for applications are multiple, in the field of low to medium height structures, located in sites without availability of quality materials, and where the valorisation of local natural soils makes sense, both on technical and economic point of view. Economically, for information, the price of a m• of soil treated with 2% lime in the European context, including extraction, processing, transportation and implementation varies between 15 and 25 euros excluding tax based on volume concerned. This assessment does not include the savings from reduced operating times. In addition, lime, like cement, produced locally or imported, is present in almost all countries, because the product is essential to economic activity (construction, industry, environment, agriculture, etc.). Technically, the perspectives for use are the improvement of the behaviour of the structures versus stresses (mechanical stability, dispersivity, internal and external erosion, etc.). One can foresee: - reuse of heavy clays for levee or dam foundation, thanks to the absence of differential settlement, creep and the stability; - homogeneous embankments in lime-treated soils for warm and dry countries, thanks to the reduction of shrinkage cracks, the improved workability and control of materials preparation and placement ; - construction of future or current levees, in order to make them overflow-resistant.; La technique du traitement des sols à la chaux pour la réalisation des infrastructures a fait des progrès considérables ces cinquante dernières années et s'est largement répandue dans de nombreux pays sur tous les continents. Ce succès s'explique par les nombreux avantages qu'elle présente : valorisation des matériaux (avec tous les avantages environnementaux qui en découlent), réduction des délais et des coûts de construction, etc. Toutefois, le milieu des ouvrages hydrauliques s'est montré prudent vis-à-vis de la technique au début de son développement. La rusticité de la technologie de mise en oeuvre de l'époque, la maîtrise approximative de la qualité, une certaine méconnaissance des performances à long terme ne répondaient pas aux exigences qui caractérisent ce domaine. Cinquante ans après, les progrès réalisés, sur le plan de la technologie, de la méthodologie de mise en oeuvre, de la connaissance des interactions sol-chaux et du comportement à long terme, justifient que l'on s'intéresse au traitement des sols à la chaux. En outre, des études récentes, aussi bien en laboratoire qu'en vraie grandeur, ont mis en évidence des propriétés tout à fait intéressantes concernant notamment la perméabilité, la résistance à l ‘érosion et la stabilité. Il existe aussi des références d'ouvrages hydrauliques en service qui témoignent de la fiabilité de la technique. C'est pourquoi il semble utile et opportun de faire évoluer les positions relatives à la technique du traitement des sols à la chaux appliquée aux ouvrages hydrauliques en s'inspirant des acquis dans les autres domaines d'application (routes, voies ferrées, aéroports, etc.), sans perdre de vue les exigences propres au domaine de l'hydraulique. Les perspectives d'application sont multiples dans le domaine des ouvrages de hauteur faible à moyenne situés dans des sites dépourvus de matériaux de bonne qualité où la valorisation de sols naturels locaux prend tout son sens, à la fois technique et économique. Sur le plan économique, à titre indicatif, le prix d'un m3 de sol traité à 2 % de chaux vive dans le contexte européen comprenant extraction, traitement, transport et mise en oeuvre varie entre 15 et 25 euros hors taxe selon le volume concerné. Cette évaluation n'intègre pas l'économie réalisée grâce à la réduction des délais d'exécution. En outre, la chaux, comme le ciment, produite sur place ou importée, est présente dans la quasi-totalité des pays, car le produit est indispensable à l'activité économique (construction, industrie, environnement, agriculture, etc.). Sur le plan technique, il y aura lieu d'évoquer l'amélioration de la tenue des ouvrages aux sollicitations diverses (stabilité mécanique, dispersion, érosion interne et externe, etc.). On peut citer pêle-mêle : - le réutilisation des argiles très plastiques en fondation de digue ou de barrage, grâce à l'absence de tassements différentiels, de fluage et à l'amélioration de leur stabilité ; - les remblais homogènes en zones arides, grâce à la réduction du retrait-gonflement, l'amélioration de la maniabilité et le contrôle de la mise en oeuvre ; - la construction de digues futures ou le renforcement de digues existantes, de façon à les rendre résistantes au déversement.
- Published
- 2015
43. Feasibility study of chemical stabilization of dredged marine sediment
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Dimitri Deneele, Yingjie Liang, Ana Paula Furlan, Andry Razakamanantsoa, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC-USP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Géomatériaux et Modèles Géotechniques (IFSTTAR/GERS/GMG), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), and Bourse CNPQ USP Brasil 2015
- Subjects
Materials science ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,SEDIMENT ,PROPRIETE MECANIQUE ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,LA BAULE ,021105 building & construction ,Ultimate tensile strength ,CIMENT ,Geotechnical engineering ,Porosity ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lime ,Cement ,CENDRE VOLANTE ,TEST D'ASPIRATION ,Sediment ,TEST DE POROSIMETRIE ,Porosimetry ,6. Clean water ,[SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering ,Portland cement ,SEDIMENT DE DRAGAGE ,Fly ash ,CHAUX ,engineering ,TRAITEMENT DES SOLS - Abstract
Third Coastal and Maritime Mediterranean Conference, FERRARA, ITALIE, 25-/11/2015 - 27/11/2015; Chemical stabilization is one of techniques which can improve mechanical and hydraulic properties of dredged sediments. This paper presents an experimental study focused on different techniques of stabilization of dredged sediment from La Baule-Le Pouliguen (France). Dredged sediments are stabilized with lime, Portland cement and fly ash. Three mixes were produced and submitted to uniaxial compression strength (UCS), indirect tensile strength (ITS) and shear tests at different curing ages. In addition, suction and mercury porosimetry tests are performed to highlight the effect of binders on the microstructure of treated sediment. Results indicated sediment treated with lime plus cement and fly ash, is promising, despite the time necessary to obtain the threshold of UCS (1MPa); unfortunately, ITS reference value (0.25 MPa) was not obtained. But this mixture presented good performance of shear strength parameters, exhibiting higher increases in cohesion (c) and friction angle (f) compared to the others mixes. In terms of porosimetry and suction results, it was observed that each type of binder acts differently, changing initial unimodal to bimodal porous distribution curves, and reducing suction in treated sediment due to macroporous occurrence and water retention for chemical reaction.
- Published
- 2015
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44. Impact of water transfers on the properties of lime-made building materials
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Fourmentin, Marine, Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est, and Philippe Coussot
- Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other ,BETON DE CHANVRE ,Cement ,Lime ,Ciment ,Hydric transfers ,TRANSFERT HYDRIQUE ,Nmr ,Rmn ,Transferts hydriques ,Béton de chanvre ,CHAUX ,BETON ,Chanvre ,Chaux ,CIMENT ,Hemp ,Hemp concrete - Abstract
Hemp concrete results from the mix of a vegetal aggregate (hemp shives) and a binder. It provides thermal and acoustic insulation to the wall, as well as a good moisture regulation. However, problems sometimes occur during setting, that seem strongly linked to transfers of water in the concrete in the first hours. NMR allows to quantify water in hemp and in the binder and thus to describe and understand the transfers during setting. We first show that, in the binder consisting of a mixture of hydrated lime and cement, lime accelerates cement hydration. This hydration is inhibited as the amount of hemp in contact with the cement increases. We also show that the absorption of water by hemp shives is takes place during three days, and it occurs in two successive phases corresponding to two areas of hemp that imbibe. The study of transfers in the concrete during the setting shows a rapid water absorption by the hemp initially, followed by a transfer to the binder. The study of a "model" hemp concrete allows us to associate this transfer to the chemical shrinkage of cement during hydration; Le béton de chanvre est obtenu par le mélange d'un granulat végétal, constitué de bois de chanvre, et d'un liant. Il confère au mur de bonnes propriétés d'isolation thermique et acoustique, ainsi qu'une régulation de l'humidité. Cependant, des problèmes de non-prise, qui semblent fortement liés aux transferts d'eau dans le béton au cours des premières heures, peuvent parfois se produire. La RMN permet de quantifier l'eau dans le chanvre et dans le liant et donc de décrire et comprendre les transferts au cours de la prise. Nous montrons d'abord que, dans le liant constitué d'un mélange de chaux hydraté et de ciment, la chaux accélère la prise du ciment. Cette prise est d'autant plus inhibée que la quantité de chanvre au contact du ciment est importante. Nous montrons également que l'absorption d'eau par le granulat de chanvre s'étale sur trois jours, et qu'elle se produit en deux phases successives correspondant à l'imprégnation de deux zones du chanvre. L'étude des transferts dans le béton pendant la prise révèle une absorption d'eau rapide par le chanvre initialement, puis un transfert vers le liant. L'étude d'un béton de chanvre "modèle" nous permet d'associer ce transfert au retrait chimique du ciment au cours de la prise
- Published
- 2015
45. Minéralogie des silicates de calcium présents dans des mortiers anciens à Tournai
- Author
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Jan Elsen, Dominique Laduron, Raymond Brulet, and Gilles Mertens
- Subjects
minéralogie ,Archeology ,silicate de calcium ,calcium silicate ,chaux ,hydraulicity ,hydraulicité ,mortier ,lime ,mineralogy ,ancient lime mortar - Abstract
Cette étude est destinée à clarifier l’évolution au niveau de la composition et des techniques de fabrication des mortiers à chaux utilisés dans les structures archéologiques découvertes sous le niveau de sol actuel de la cathédrale de Tournai (Belgique) qui remonte au xiie siècle. La recherche s’inscrit dans un projet interdisciplinaire plus large qui vise à étudier la transition des villes et des territoires ruraux Romains à Post-Romain et leur transformation jusqu’au Moyen Âge (Brulet et Verslype, 2001). Les résultats présentés, concernent la minéralogie des mortiers et indiquent que celle-ci peut varier selon l’hydraulicité du liant, qui à son tour est mis en relation avec les conditions de cuisson du calcaire dans les fours à chaux anciens. Cette étude est donc particulièrement intéressante lorsqu’il s’agit de comprendre et de clarifier la connaissance empirique possible de l’interdépendance de la température de cuisson et de l’hydraulicité de la chaux utilisée à Tournai. Il est en effet possible que pour certaines applications ou durant certaines époques de l’histoire cette connaissance fût exploitée. The aim of this study is to clarify the evolution of the composition and techniques of ancient lime mortars used in the archaeological structures which can be found beneath the present-day floor level of the 12th century cathedral of Tournai (Belgium). The research is part of a broader interdisciplinary project considering the transition of ancient cities and their rural territories from Roman to late Roman society and the transformation to the early Middle Ages (Brulet & Verslype, 2001). The results presented, concern the mineralogy of the mortars which is shown to be related to their hydraulicity, which is on its turn related to the burning conditions of the limestone in the ancient lime kilns. This study is of a particular interest when it comes to understand and clarify the possible empirical knowledge of the interdependance of the burning temperature and the hydraulicity of the lime used at Tournai. It is indeed possible that for some applications or during some time in history, this knowledge was exploited.
- Published
- 2006
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46. Mortiers de chaux dolomitique avec adjonction de kaolin cuit : l’expérience génoise
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Rita Vecchiattini, Tiziano Mannoni, and Gianluca Pesce
- Subjects
Archeology ,chaux ,XRD ,water vapor ,mortar ,vapeur d’eau ,CO2 ,kaolin ,mortier ,lime ,ettringite - Abstract
La recherche sur les matériaux utilisés à Gênes, de la fin du Moyen Âge aux premières décennies du xxe siècle, dans la réalisation des mortiers ou de revêtement d’œuvres murales, naît de surprenants résultats de certaines enquêtes archéologiques conduites par des membres de l’Institut d’Histoire de la Culture Matérielle (ISCuM) de cette même ville ligure, à partir de la deuxième moitié des années 1980. En effet, ces recherches ont mis en évidence comment l’utilisation intense de la chaux dolomitique et l’adjonction – si nécessaire – de kaolin cuit en qualité de liant hydraulique ont donné naissance à la construction d’une bonne partie de la ville portuaire avec des résultats parfois surprenants pour la qualité des produits finaux qui ont été obtenus. Le cas du port de Gênes, construit à la fin du Moyen Âge, est, dans ce sens, emblématique car les mortiers, après environ cinq siècles de leur réalisation et de permanence dans un environnement agressif, démontrent encore aujourd’hui faire preuve d’une mécanique de résistance élevée aux agents corrosifs chimiques et biologiques. Cette contribution entend mettre en évidence le niveau de la recherche menée sur ces matériaux par les chercheurs de l’ISCuM et de l’Université de Gênes; recherche qui est toujours en cours et qui se poursuit dans une direction fortement multidisciplinaire, selon un processus cognitif qui a conduit des chantiers archéologiques aux laboratoires de minéralogie et de pétrographie de la Faculté de Sciences naturelles, en passant par les laboratoires d’ingénierie des matériaux de l’Université de Gênes. The research about the materials used at Genoa from middle age to Nineteen century for the production of mortars and plasters, beginning from the interesting results of some archaeological researches conduct from the Institute of History of the Material’s Culture (I.S.Cu.M.), in the firs half of Eighty years of last century. This researches have point out the large use of the dolomitic lime and the use of burned kaolin like pozzolanic material in the building construction, and have highlighted the surprising results of some dough produced during the city construction. An example of this results are the mortars of medieval harbour that still now give, after five century of the permanence in an aggressive environment, an high mechanical resistance and an high resistance to the chemical and biological attack. With this papers we want underline the results of this researches that have been conduct in a multidisciplinary method from the archaeological yard, through the mineralogical laboratories, to the laboratories of materials engineering of the University of Genoa.
- Published
- 2006
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47. Lime treated soil as an erosion-resistant material for hydraulic earthen structures: state of the art and presentation of the french DigueElite project
- Author
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Herrier, G., Leconte, P., Nerincx, N., Bonelli, S., Mercier, Florian, Fry, J.J., Tachker, P., Puiatti, D., Recherche et Développement, LHOIST, ISL Ingénièrie, Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie (UR OHAX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre d'Ingénierie Hydraulique [Savoie Technolac] (CIH-EDF), EDF (EDF), and DPST Consulting
- Subjects
embankments ,CHAUX ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,earth dams ,DIGUE ,BARRAGE EN TERRE ,lime ,[SPI.GCIV.CH]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction hydraulique - Abstract
International audience; The treatment of silty and clayey soils with lime (calcium oxide or hydroxide) is a technique widely used for soils improvement and stabilization for construction of roads, highways, railways, platforms. However, the principles of lime treatment for hydraulic earthen structures remains barely applied or even forgotten (European case). If existing testimonials (levees, dams, mainly in US and Australia) are evidences that show effectiveness and durability of lime-treated structures, there was a necessity to evaluate a series of unknown characteristics and relevant properties of lime-treated soils for an application in hydraulic context, through laboratory studies and full-scale experiments.
- Published
- 2014
48. Élaboration d’une pouzzolane de synthèse à partir des sédiments de barrage
- Author
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Lakhdar Benamara, Kamal Ouhba, André Hamwi, Université des sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran Mohamed Boudiaf [Oran] (USTO MB), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,cement ,barrage ,dam ,Érosion ,chaux ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,pouzzolane ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,erosion ,ciment ,Algérie Erosion ,01 natural sciences ,calcination ,6. Clean water ,pozzolane ,vase ,Algérie ,13. Climate action ,Algeria ,0103 physical sciences ,mud ,lime ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Precipitations, in the showers, cause the fast erosion of the slopes. The fine solid particles which are transported by the rivers arrive up to the levels of the stoppings where they settle. Thus, after continuous downpours the dam silts up ; which decreases its lifespan. One of the solutions adopted at summer was unsilting, but in front of the great quantity of product rejected simply downstream from the stopping, the problems of environment appeared. The use of this recovered mud in the manufacture of pozzolanic cement, contributes in the resolution of these problems. The study shows that the addition of 30 % of calcined mud with cement (CPA) makes it possible to obtain pozzolanic cement. Indeed, the quantity of added artificial pozzolana creates a chemical reaction with the lime released during the hydration of cement to form a calcium silicate hydrate probably the tobermorite and gehlenite., Les précipitations, sous formes d’averses, provoquent l’érosion rapide des versants. Les particules solides fines qui sont transportées par les cours d’eau, arrivent jusqu’aux niveaux des barrages où elles décantent. Ainsi, de crue en crue le barrage s’envase ; ce qui diminue sa durée de vie. La solution adoptée a été le dévasement, mais devant la grande quantité de produit rejetée simplement en aval du barrage, le problème d’environnement est apparu. L’utilisation de cette vase récupérée, dans la fabrication d’un ciment pouzzolanique, contribue à la résolution de ces problèmes. L’étude montre que l’ajout de 30 % de vase calcinée au ciment portland ordinaire (CPA) permet d’obtenir un ciment pouzzolanique. En effet, la quantité de pouzzolane artificielle ajoutée rentre en réaction avec la chaux libérée lors de l’hydratation du ciment pour former un silicate de calcium hydraté (CSH) et la géhlénite.
- Published
- 2013
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49. Du béton des Romains aux débuts du béton armé
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Espion, Bernard
- Subjects
histoire de la construction ,Liants hydrauliques ,chaux ,construction history ,Histoire de la technique ,concrete ,béton armé ,lime ,reinforced concrete ,Bâtiments génie civil transports ,béton - Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2013
50. Effects of lime and cement treatment on the physicochemical, microstructural and mechanical characteristics of a plastic silt
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Stéphanie Bonnet, Michel Legret, Kévin Lemaire, Dimitri Deneele, Terrassements et Centrifugeuse (IFSTTAR/GERS/TC), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Eau et Environnement (IFSTTAR/GERS/EE)
- Subjects
Materials science ,Scanning electron microscope ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Silt ,engineering.material ,021105 building & construction ,Soil stabilization ,Geotechnical engineering ,CIMENT ,Composite material ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,Lime ,STABILISATION DES SOLS ,Cement ,PHYSICO CHIMIE ,Geology ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Microstructure ,6. Clean water ,Compressive strength ,Agglomerate ,CHAUX ,engineering ,MICROSTRUCTURE - Abstract
Stabilization using lime and cement is a widespread technique that provides civil engineering applications for soils with poor geotechnical performance. This article describes the effects of a combined lime+cement treatment on both the characteristics and properties of a plastic silt. A multi-scale approach was implemented and themechanical, microstructural and physicochemical changeswere investigated. To carry out these tasks, unconfined compressive strength measurements were conducted. The modifications caused by this treatment on the microstructure could be characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of the soil composition, through element distribution maps and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) analyses. The physicochemical evolution has beenmonitored by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Within the silt, clay particles surround the coarsest particles in order to formmillimeter-sized agglomerates, aroundwhich binders are deposited. During the curing period, the formation of C-(A)-S-H becomes readily apparent. These phases are detected in the form of a gel that provides continuity throughout the material; as such, the material displays a “honeycomb” type of microstructure. The mechanical properties of the treated soil are indeed affected by this microstructural organization. The post-treatment improvement in mechanical performance therefore proves to be significant.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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