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The Sierra de las Nieves National Park, declared by the Spanish Government in July 2021, is part of the Serranía de Ronda (Western Baetic mountains), which is considered one of the main centres of biodiversity and endemicity of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Andalusia, Spain) and the Mediterranean Basin. The park and its surroundings have an important diversity of vascular plants, mainly due to the orographic, climatic and geological diversity of the area, which is divided into three biogeographical sectors: Rondeño sector (limestones, dolomites and clays), Bermejense sector (peridotites and serpentines) and Aljíbico sector (gneisses and micaschists). This contribution presents the first catalogue of the vascular flora of this national park and its surrounding area, with 1,387 taxa distributed in 104 families and 542 genera. An amount of 79 taxa are endemic to Andalusia and 57 are endangered: 4 are Critically Endangered (CR), 17 are Endangered (EN) and 36 are Vulnerable (VU).

Gloriosa superba L. Annual climbing herb, in wooded savannah. C.N.: dikumbelé, kumbelé (kb). Uses: medicinal. Conservation: LC (IUCN 2017) F.Monteiro 899 (LUAI, LISC), Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699, {"references":["IUCN. (2017) IUCN Red List of Threatened species. Vers. 3, May 2017. Available from: www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 10 December 2021)."]}

Wurmbea tenuis (Hook.f.) Baker subsp. hamiltonii (Wendelbo) B.Nord. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMDF; 1 900–3 500 m. Distribution: IIIa. Voucher: Sirimon Track, Alt. 3048 m, 22 Sep. 1963, Howard & Verdcourt 3766 (EA). References: Bussmann (1993), Hoenselaar (2005), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Hoenselaar, R. (2005) Colchicaceae. In: Beentje, H. J. & Ghazanfar, S. A. (Eds.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, 16 pp.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

Aerangis luteoalba (Kraenzl.) Schltr. var. rhodosticta (Kraenzl.) J.Stewart — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMWF; up to 2 400 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: East Mount Kenya Forest, Alt. 1 524–1 829 m, Battiscombe K692 (EA, K). References: Blundell (1987), Cribb (1989b), Stewart & Campbell (2003), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1

Androcymbium striatum Hochst. ex A.Rich. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMDF; 1 400–3 400 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: N/A. References: Blundell (1987), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Blundell, M. (1987) Collins guide to the wild flowers of East Africa. Collins, London, 464 pp.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

López-Tirado, Javier (2022): A new variety of Merendera Ramond (Liliaceae): M. montana var. paucitepala var. nov., from south-eastern Spain. Adansonia (3) 44 (2): 11-14, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a2

Merendera montana(Loefl. ex L.) Lange var. paucitepala J. L��pez-Tirado, var. nov. (Fig. 1) Merendera montana Lange var. paucitepala var. nov. shows four tepals, four stamens and two carpels, differing from the typical variety M. montana var. montana that shows six tepals, six stamens and three carpels. TYPE. ��� Spain. Andalusia, Ja��n province, Cazorla municipality, Refugio Fuente de Acero, elevation 1500 m, 30SWG1394, 29.VIII.2020, J . L��pez Tirado s.n. (holo-, COA [COA60573]); 10.X.2020, J . L��pez Tirado s.n. (para-, COA [COA60574]). STUDY AREA, HABITAT, PHENOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION. ���The study area is located in south-eastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain, Andalusia region and the Baetic range within Ja��n province (Fig. 2). This area is a limestone formation, ranging the highest points from 2000 to 2100 m a.s.l. It was growing in a pastureland surrounded by some limestone outcrops and shrubs where Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco dominates. Regarding phenology, it was mainly blooming in late August and no leaves were found. In the first half of October, only few scattered flowers were present and most of the specimens were only showing leaves. At this moment, this new variety is exclusive from Sierra de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park in Ja��n Province. ETYMOLOGY. ��� The new variety here described as paucitepala refers to the most evident character: the lower number of tepals in comparison with the typical variety. DESCRIPTION Bulbous herb with membranous dark tunic; tunic neck of 1.5-6.8 cm length. Bulb 2.2-3.4 �� 1.5-2.8 cm. Cataphyll apex generally obtuse or truncate, more rarely acute, either not mucronate or up to 2 mm when mucronate. Leaves 3(4) per specimen, 2.8-5.2 cm length and 3-4 mm width. Leaf shape from linear to linear-lanceolate, canaliculate, sometimes with minutely denticulate margin, generally developed after the blooming period. Flowers 1 per bulb, subsessile. Tepals 4, 3.1-5.7 �� 0.4-1 cm, elliptic, more rarely oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic, pink, white at the base. Stamens 4, staminal filaments 0.3-0.65 mm length; anthers 1-1.86 cm length, basifixed, yellow, with teaks separated 0.2-0.8 mm at the base. Anther longer than its staminal filament (anther length/ staminal filament length rate = 1.53-5.76). Styles 2, 4.6-9.6 cm length; stigmas 0.3-1.5 �� 0.3-0.8 mm. NOTES Populations of Merendera montana with 4 tepals, 4 stamens and 2 styles were found in south-eastern Andalusia and here described as the new variety M.montana var. paucitepala var.nov. Morphometric parameters of the new variety were compared with the typical one (Rico 2013) and no further differences were detected. Besides the type locality, it was observed near to Tranco del Perro and Refugio Ca��ada Rinc��n within Sierra de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park. It is expected that this variety could be more spread in Ja��n province; surrounding provinces such as Granada and Albacete should be also prospected., Published as part of L��pez-Tirado, Javier, 2022, A new variety of Merendera Ramond (Liliaceae): M. montana var. paucitepala var. nov., from south-eastern Spain, pp. 11-14 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (2) on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/6000877, {"references":["RICO E. 2013. - Merendera Ramond, in CASTROVIEJO S., AEDO C., LAINZ M., MUNOZ GARMENDIA F., NIETO FELINER G., PAIVA J. & BENEDI C. (eds), Flora Iberica. Vol. 20. Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC, Madrid: 97 - 102. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 155647"]}

KEY TO THE IBERIAN MERENDERA RAMOND GENUS (ADAPTED FROM RICO [2013]) 1. Leaves developed at the same time of the blooming period; the wider ones at least of 4 mm. Flowers 1-4(5) per bulb; blooming period from December to March. Anthers 2.8-5.5(6.8) mm, subdorsifixed......................................................................................................................................................... M. androcymbioides Vald��s ��� Leaves generally developed after the blooming period, variable width. Flowers 1(2) per bulb; blooming period from June to December. Anthers (2.5)5-20(25) mm, basifixed.................................................................... 2 2. Leaves (3)5-12 per bulb, underground or aerial when blooming, from acute to subobtuse in the apex; the widest one until 2.8(3.8) mm. Anthers (2.5)5-8(13) mm; stigma 0.1-0.2 �� 0.1-0.2 mm, not or slightly decurrent...................................................................................................................................... M. filifolia Cambess. ��� Leaves 3(4-5) per bulb, generally underground when blooming, from obtuse to truncate, retuse or not in the apex; the widest one at least 3 mm. Anthers (4.2)6.5-20(25) mm; stigma (0.1)0.2-1(1.5) �� (0.1)0.2-0.6(0.8) mm, frequently decurrent............................................................................................................................ 3 3. Tepals 6, stamens 6 and styles 3............................................... M. montana (Loefl. ex L.) Lange var. montana ��� Tepals 4, stamens 4 and styles 2.................................. M. montana var. paucitepala J. L��pez-Tirado, var. nov., Published as part of L��pez-Tirado, Javier, 2022, A new variety of Merendera Ramond (Liliaceae): M. montana var. paucitepala var. nov., from south-eastern Spain, pp. 11-14 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (2) on page 12, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/6000877, {"references":["RICO E. 2013. - Merendera Ramond, in CASTROVIEJO S., AEDO C., LAINZ M., MUNOZ GARMENDIA F., NIETO FELINER G., PAIVA J. & BENEDI C. (eds), Flora Iberica. Vol. 20. Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC, Madrid: 97 - 102. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 155647"]}

Monograph The Quiçama National Park (PNQ), located in Luanda Province, Angola, is one of the oldest protected areas in the country. Although some work has been done on the flora of the Park, up to now a comprehensive record of the vascular plant species has been lacking. The objective of the present study was to produce an inventory of the vascular plant diversity of PNQ, as well as to record the types of vegetation in which each species occurs, their habits, uses by local communities, common names, and conservation status. A total of 452 species were recorded, from 285 genera and 85 families. Two species are Pteridophytes, 99 are Monocotyledons, and 351 are Dicotyledons. The two largest families of the PNQ flora are the Fabaceae and the Poaceae. The Park hosts 14 species endemic to Angola, and one of them is restricted to this protected area. Of the 128 species with data on conservation status, 109 are considered of least concern, 13 are vulnerable, and six are endangered. Regarding useful plants, 237 species from 67 families were recorded. Of these, 196 are Dicotyledons and 41 are Monocotyledons. Most of them are used for medicinal purposes, the manufacturing of artefacts, and as sources of food info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Reich, Dieter, Gutermann, Walter, Bardy, Katharina, Rainer, Heimo, Raus, Thomas, Sonnleitner, Michaela, Tan, Kit, Lachmayer, Margarita (2021): The type specimens in Eugen von Halácsy´s Herbarium Graecum. Phytotaxa 493 (1): 1-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.493.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.493.1.1

Disporum nanchuanense (Colchicaceae), a new species from Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve, Nanchuan District, Chongqing, China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to D. longistylum and D. megalanthum, but differs from the former in its stem branched type, tepals colour and size, stamens and pistil size; and it differs from the latter in inflorescence position, tepals shape, stamens position, pistil position and size. Meanwhile, the new taxon is assessed as Vulnerable (VU D2), according to the IUCN Red List criteria. Furthermore, an identification key to all Chinese species of Disporum is provided.

A taxonomic revision of Disporum of Taiwan is presented with two species and one variety being recognised. The diagnostic characters of Disporum include the colour of tepals, stolon morphology, the trichomes of filaments and style and leaf morphology. These characters, along with karyotype and pollen morphology, are discussed and evaluated amongst different taxa. As a result, D.kawakamii and D.shimadae are treated as independent species, rather than varieties of D.cantoniense and D.sessile, respectively. Disporumnantouense is treated as a synonym of D.sessilevar.intermediumstat. nov. Detailed descriptions, type information, diagnostic key, line drawings, photos and distribution maps are provided.

A taxonomic revision of Disporum of Taiwan is presented with two species and one variety being recognised. The diagnostic characters of Disporum include the colour of tepals, stolon morphology, the trichomes of filaments and style and leaf morphology. These characters, along with karyotype and pollen morphology, are discussed and evaluated amongst different taxa. As a result, D.kawakamii and D.shimadae are treated as independent species, rather than varieties of D.cantoniense and D.sessile, respectively. Disporumnantouense is treated as a synonym of D.sessilevar.intermediumstat. nov. Detailed descriptions, type information, diagnostic key, line drawings, photos and distribution maps are provided.

We present the first phylogenomic analysis of relationships among all ten families of Liliales, based on 75 plastid genes from 35 species in 29 genera, and 97 additional plastomes stratified across angiosperm lineages. We used a supermatrix approach to extend our analysis to 58 of 64 genera of Liliales, and calibrated the resulting phylogeny against 17 fossil dates to produce a new timeline for monocot evolution. Liliales diverged from other monocots 124 Mya and began splitting into separate families 113 Mya. Our data support an Australian origin for Liliales, with close relationships between three pairs of lineages (Corsiaceae/Campynemataceae, Philesiaceae/Ripogonaceae, tribes Alstroemerieae/Luzuriageae) in South America and Australia or New Zealand reflecting teleconnections of these areas via Antarctica. Long-distance dispersal (LDD) across the Pacific and Tasman Sea led to re-invasion of New Zealand by two lineages (Luzuriaga, Ripogonum); LDD allowed Campynemanthe to colonize New Caledonia after its submergence until 37 Mya. LDD permitted Colchicaceae to invade East Asia and Africa from Australia, and re-invade Africa from Australia. Periodic desert greening permitted Gloriosa and Iphigenia to colonize Southeast Asia overland from Africa, and Androcymbium-Colchicum to invade the Mediterranean from South Africa. Melanthiaceae and Liliaceae crossed the Bering land-bridge several times from the Miocene to the Pleistocene.

Colchicum nanum K. Perss. (= C. alpinum subsp. parvulum (Ten.) Nyman) – Secteur Ospedale-Cagna, commune de Lévie, Montagne de Cagna, Pianu d’Ovace, partie E, pelouse méso-hygrophile à nard en limite de la formation à Erica terminalis, 1240 m, une dizaine d’individus fleuris, 27.7.2015, Delage, A. & F. Richard s.n. (Hb. CBNC), pointage GPS. Première observation de ce colchique dans le secteur Ospedale-Cagna, ce qui étend nettement son aire de distribution vers le sud et complète les indications récemment publiées (voir DELAGE & HUGOT, Candollea 70: 114-115).

Jeanmonod, Daniel, éd. (2018): Notes à la flore de Corse, XXVI. Candollea 73 (1): 75-90, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a7

The tribe Iphigenieae (Colchicaceace, Liliales) includes two genera, viz. Camptorrhiza and Iphigenia, which are distributed in Africa, India, and Australasia. Iphigenia is represented by 12 species, of which six occur in India while Camptorrhiza comprises one species each in Africa (C. strumosa) and India (C. indica). The genus Camptorrhiza possesses a knee-shaped tuber attached to the corms, filaments with a thick bulge in the middle and styles with single stigma. Iphigenia on the other hand lacks knee-shaped tuber, bears linear filaments and has styles with three stigmas. Camptorrhiza indica possesses ovoid corms, linear filaments and styles with a single stigma. These characters are intermediate between Iphigenia and Camptorrhiza and hence we studied the cytogenetics and phylogenetic placement of this species to ascertain its generic identity. Somatic chromosome count (2n = 22) and karyotypic features of C. indica are very similar to that of Iphigenia species. Molecular phylogenetic studies based on atpB-rbcL, rps16, trnL, and trnL-F regions showed that C. indica is nested within a lineage of Indian Iphigenia species. Thus, C. indica was reduced to a species of Iphigenia, i.e., I. ratnagirica. Camptorrhiza is now a monotypic genus restricted only to southern Africa. A key to the Indian Iphigenia species is provided. In addition, a new combination Wurmbea novae-zelandiae is proposed for Iphigenia novae-zelandiae.

Colchicaceae (Liliales) comprise c. 250 species and 15–21 genera of rhizomatous or cormous perennials and are distributed through temperate and tropical Africa, Europe, Asia and North America. They have been traditionally divided into two subfamilies, but this division is still unclear and the phylogenetic relationships among members of the family and the sister relationships of the family have been debated. Moreover, it is uncertain whether the expanded circumscription of Colchicum, Gloriosa and Wurmbea to include Androcymbium, Littonia and Onixotis plus Neodregea, respectively, is unavoidable. In this study, sequences of three plastid genes, atpB, matK and rbcL, were analysed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships in Colchicaceae. The matK region was the most variable and provided the most potentially parsimony-informative sites. We also conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses using the combined data with sequences for three non-coding regions generated by Vinnersten and Reeves. Our results strongly support the monophyly of Colchicaceae and the redefined circumscription to include two subfamilies, Wurmbeoideae and Uvularioideae. The Uvularia-Disporum clade, i.e. Uvularioideae, is sister to the rest of Colchicaceae and differentiated from Burchardia, previously suggested to be sister to the rest of Colchicaceae. In our analysis, Burchardia is placed in Wurmbeoideae. A close relationship between Tripladenia and Schelhammera was strongly supported and these are transferred to Wurmbeoideae from Uvularioideae. The six tribes sensu Vinnersten and Manning were shown to be monophyletic. Our results support the expanded circumscription of Colchicum (including Androcymbium) and Gloriosa (including Littonia), but the circumscription of Wurmbea and related genera requires further study. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 172, 255–269.

Many molecular studies have shown the monocot order Liliales to be well supported; morphologically, it is defined by synapomorphies of tepalar nectaries and extrorse anthers, in contrast with septal nectaries and introrse anthers commonly found in other monocots, especially Asparagales, with which it was often confused in the past. It comprises c. 1500 species, 67 genera and 9–11 families. Although monophyly is clear, the phylogenetic relationships among some of the families are still unclear. In this study, we examine the inter- and infrafamilial relationships among Liliales in phylogenetic analyses based on four plastid loci (matK, rbcL, atpB and atpF-H). We performed phylogenetic analyses and constructed maximum parsimony and Bayesian trees for 49 genera and 148 taxa in ten families of Liliales sensu Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) III using the combined DNA data. The monophyly of Liliales, except for Corsiaceae (Arachnitis), was strongly supported by both analyses. Campynemataceae were sister to the rest of the order, excluding Corsiaceae. The other families formed two well-defined clades, (Colchicaceae + Alstroemeriaceae) and (Liliaceae, Smilacaceae, (Rhipogonaceae + Philesiaceae)), and one weakly supported clade with Melanthiaceae and Petermanniaceae. Subfamilial and tribal circumscriptions for the three larger families, Colchicaceae, Melanthiaceae and Liliaceae, agreed well with the results of this study, except for the subfamily Calochortoideae of Liliaceae, which was split into two separate clades of Calochortus and Tricyrtis. In addition, we found several taxa with a 10-bp inversion in matK, which could contribute additional homoplasy to these analyses if included without re-coding. Phylogenetic relationships among families of Liliales were better defined here than in a previous molecular analysis, although the placement of Corsiaceae with plastid data remains problematic. Based on these results, reconsideration of the circumscriptions of Rhipogonaceae + Philesiaceae and the subfamilial circumscription for Calochortoideae of Liliaceae is suggested. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London

These “notes” deal with 110 noteworthy taxa amongst which 21 are new to the island's flora. One of these taxa is native: Reseda alba subsp. hookeri and 20 are introduced: Abies pinsapo, Acer ×coriaceum, Albizia julibrissin, Arundo micrantha, Azolla filiculoides, Bolboschoenus laticarpus, Digitaria ciliaris, Digitaria violascens, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. globulus, Genista januensis subsp. lydia, Hedera helix subsp. maroccana, Morus kagayamae, Oenothera rosea, Paspalum vaginatum, Puccinellia festuciformis subsp. lagascana, Silene fuscata, Solanum mauritianum, Veronica filiformis and Vitis riparia × V. rupestris. The presence of Aegilops ventricosa and Legousia speculum-veneris is presently confirmed. However Carex praecox, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Herniaria hirsuta subsp. cinerea, Juncus acutiflorus and Juncus compressus must be deleted from the Corsican Flora due to their confusion with other related taxa. New localities are given for 48 taxa considered as “very rare” (RR) out of which 10 become “rare” (R) on the one hand, and for 23 taxa considered to be “rare” (R) out of which 12 change their status from “rare” to “not common” (PF) or “localised” (LOC), on the other. Finally, the data published for the 12 remaining taxa (considered as “localised” (LOC) or “not common” (PF) constitute a considerable increase of our knowledge about their distribution. The new sites often correspond to new sectors for these taxa. Fourteen out of 110 taxa are endemic, 11 are part of the red list and 44 are xenophytic species. A distribution map is also provided for Carex extensa and Cerastium siculum.

We use multiple photosynthetic, chlororespiratory, and plastid translation apparatus loci and their associated noncoding regions (ca. 16 per taxon, prior to alignment) to make strongly supported inferences of the deep internal branches of monocot phylogeny. Most monocot relationships are robust (an average of ca. 91% bootstrap support per branch examined), including those poorly supported or unresolved in other studies. Our data strongly support a sister-group relationship between Asparagales and the commelinid monocots, the inclusion of the orchids in Asparagales, and the status of Petrosaviaceae as the sister group of all monocots except Acorus and Alismatales. The latter finding supports recognition of the order Petrosaviales. Also strongly supported is a placement of Petermannia disjunct from Colchicaceae (Liliales) and a sister-group relationship between Commelinales and Zingiberales. from highlight the remaining weak areas of monocot phylogeny, including Commelinales and Zingiberales. Liliales, and Pandanales. Despite substantial variation in the overall rate of molecular evolution among lineages, inferred amounts of change among codon-position data partitions are correlated with each other across the monocot tree, consistent with low incongruence between these partitions. Ceratophyllum and Chloranthaceae appear to have a destabilizing effect on the these partitions. Ceratoamong other angiosperms; the issue of monocot placement in broader angiosperm phylogeny remains problematic.

A systematic review for Korean Liliopsida was carried out with rbcL and atpB sequence data. Congruent phylogenetic trees were obtained from two different data sets. Korean Liliopsida consists of the three orders, Asparagales, Liliales, and Dioscoreales sensu Dahlgren et al. Members of Dioscoreales were used as an outgroup for inferring relationships among Asparagales and Liliales in the molecular studies. Iridaceae showed close relationship to Asparagales both in the rbcL and atpB sequence trees rather than to Liliales. Family Nartheciaceae (previously included within Melanthiaceae s. lat.) appeared as a paraphyletic assemblage basal within Liliales, but did not show relationships to other orders. Genera of Ruscaceae (previously Convallariaceae) like Disporum, Clintonia, and Streptopus had to be transferred to Colchicaceae, Liliaceae, and Calochortaceae, respectively. A revised list of families for Korean members of Liliopsida is suggested.

Genome size has been studied for the first time in the Colchicum genus. Values obtained by flow cytometry were quite stable and specific to each taxon: C. autumnale L., 2C=5.89±0.22 pg, equivalent to 5.7×10 9 bp (2 n=4 x=36); C. alpinum DC., 2C=8.06±0.24 pg, equivalent to 7.8×10 9 bp (2 n=6 x=56); C. lusitanum Brot., 2C=10.7±0.67 pg, equivalent to 10.3×10 9 bp (2 n= approx. 10 x=90–92 and 94–96); C. multiflorum Brot., 2C=16.5±0.69 pg, equivalent to 15.9×10 9 bp, (2 n= approx. 16 x=140–148); C. corsicum Baker, 2C=21.3±0.99 pg, equivalent to 20.6×10 9 bp (2 n=22 x= approx. 198±2). These values are well below those published for Liliaceae stricto sensu. In Colchicum species from the western Mediterranean area, genome size was highly correlated with ploidy level ( R 2=0.99, P

Gloriosa katangensis Maroyi, nom. nov. ��� Littonia grandiflora De Wildeman & Durand (1901: 34). ��� Gloriosa grandiflora (De Wildeman & T.Durand) J.C.Manning & Vinnersten in Vinnersten & Manning 2007: 178) nom illeg. TYPE: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Katanga, Region I, shores of the waters at Lukavu, November 1899, Verdick, 288 (holotype, BR!)., Published as part of Maroyi, Alfred & Maesen, Laurentius Josephus Gerardus Van Der, 2014, A new name for Gloriosa grandiflora (Colchicaceae) from the Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), pp. 119 in Phytotaxa 183 (2) on page 119, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.183.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4779613, {"references":["De Wildeman, E. & Durand, T. (1901) Littonia grandiflora. Bulletin de la Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique 40: 34.","Vinnersten, A. & Manning, J. (2007) A new classification of Colchicaceae. Taxon 56: 171 - 178."]}

Uvularia sessilifolia Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 305. 1753. "Habitat in Canada. Kalm." RCN: 2401. Lectotype (Wilbur in Rbodora 65: 175. 1963): Kalm, Herb. Linn. No. 422.4 (LINN). Current name: Uvularia sessilifolia L. (Liliaceae/Colchicaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part U), pp. 906-910 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 910, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Gloriosa simplex Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 12, 2: 241; Mantissa Plantarum: 62. 1767. "Habitat in Senegal." RCN: 2403. Type not designated. Original material: none traced. Current name: Gloriosa superba L. (Liliaceae/Colchicaceae). Note: Field (in Kew Bull. 25: 244. 1971) treated this as a nomen incertae sedis., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part G), pp. 529-556 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 529, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Colchicum autumnale Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 341. 1753. "Habitat in Europae australioris succulentis." RCN: 2620. Lectotype (Mathew in Jarvis & al., Regnum Veg. 127: 36. 1993): Herb. Burser III: 70 (UPS). Generitype of Colchicum Linnaeus (vide Hitchcock, Prop. Brit. Bot.: 148. 1929). Current name: Colchicum autumnale L. (Liliaceae / Colchicaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part C), pp. 370-473 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 432, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Bulbocodium vernum Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 294. 1753. "Habitat in Hispania." RCN: 2342. Lectotype (Mathew & López González in Jarvis & al., Regnum Veg. 127: 27. 1993): Herb. Linn. No. 417.1 (LINN). Generitype of Bulbocodium Linnaeus (vide Steudel, Nom., ed. 2, 1: 236. 1840). Current name: Colchicum vernum (L.) Stef. (Liliaceae/Colchicaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part B), pp. 343-369 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 365, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Melanthium capense Linnaeus, Species Plantarum, ed. 2, 1: 483. 1762, nom. illeg. "Habitat ad Cap. b. spei." RCN: 2613. Replaced synonym: Melanthium punctatum L. (1760). Type not designated. Original material: as replaced synonym. Current name: Onixotis punctata (L.) Mabb. (Liliaceae/Melanthiaceae). Note: A superfluous name for M. punctatum L. (1760) and therefore illegitimate, though it has been incorrectly used (as Androcymbium capense (L.) Krause) by recent authors such as M��ller-Doblies & M��ller-Doblies (in Feddes Repert. 113: 577. 2002), who also treated unspecified material in LINN (presumably either 467.4 or 467.5) as the type., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part M), pp. 651-689 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 661, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Melanthium indicum Linnaeus, Mantissa Plantarum Altera: 226. 1771. "Habitat in Tranquebaria. Koenig." RCN: 2614. Lectotype (MacFarlane in George, Fl. Australia 45: 405. 1987): K��nig s.n. , Herb. Linn. No. 467.9 (LINN). Current name: Iphigenia indica (L.) A. Gray ex Kunth (Liliaceae/Melanthiaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part M), pp. 651-689 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 661, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Uvularia perfoliata Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 304. 1753, nom. cons. "Habitat in Virginia, Canada." RCN: 2400. Conserved type (Reveal in Taxon 41: 586. 1992): Clayton 258 (BM-000040316). Generitype of Uvularia Linnaeus. Current name: Uvularia perfoliata L. (Liliaceae/Colchicaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part U), pp. 906-910 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 910, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Colchicum variegatum Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 342. 1753. "Habitat in Chio insula." RCN: 2622. Type not designated. Original material: [icon] in Morison, Pl. Hist. Univ. 2: 341, s. 4, t. 3, f. 7. 1680. Current name: Colchicum variegatum L. (Liliaceae / Colchicaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part C), pp. 370-473 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 432, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Colchicum montanum Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 342. 1753. "Habitat in Hispania, Helvetia." RCN: 2621. Type not designated. Original material: Herb. Linn. No. 470.2 (LINN); Herb. Burser III: 75 (UPS); [icon] in Clusius, Rar. Pl. Hist. 1: 200. 1601; [icon] in Clusius, Rar. Stirp. Hispan. Hist.: 266, 267. 1576. Current name: Merendera montana (L.) Lange (Liliaceae / Colchicaceae). Note: See discussion by Lacaita (in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 172-174, f. 3. 1925), who rejected this as a nomen confusum. Valdés (in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 313. 1978) treated 472.2 (LINN), which he thought was probably identifiable as Bulbocodium vernum L., as the type of C. montanum and (in Tutin & al., Fl. Europaea 5: 24. 1980) took up Merendera pyrenaica (Pourret) Fourn. for the Pyrenean species known alternatively as M. montana (L.) Lange. However, Burtt (in Taxon 30: 230. 1981) disagreed with Valdés’ identification of the type, believing it to be a collection of C. triphyllum Kunze. Burtt also rejected Valdés’ typification on the grounds that the chosen type was, as indicated by Linnaeus, from Greece, and not original material for the name, and urged the retention of M. montana, though without formally proposing an alternative type., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part C), pp. 370-473 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 432, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

In a recent contribution, Vinnersten & Manning (2007) transferred Littonia Hooker (1853: t. 4723) species to Gloriosa Linnaeus (1753: 305), making 7 new combinations. Unfortunately, the combination Gloriosa grandiflora (De Wildeman & Durand 1901: 34) J.C.Manning & Vinnersten in Vinnersten & Manning (2007: 178) is illegitimate since it is preoccupied by Gloriosa grandiflora (Hooker 1860: t. 5216) O’Brien (1904: 188), now known as Gloriosa simplex Linnaeus (1767: 62) (Maroyi, 2012). We hereby correct this matter by providing a new epithet

In order to investigate interfamilial relationships of Liliales we analyzed a combined matrix of plastid rbcL, trnL intron, trnL-F intergenic spacer, matK, and ndhF, and mitochondrial atpl DNA sequences. The results are generally congruent with previous broad analyses and provide higher bootstrap support for many relationships. Important changes relative to previous studies are the recognition of Petermanniaceae distinct from Colchicaceae and the tentative inclusion of Corsiaceae in the order. This brings the number of families in the order from nine to eleven. The additional data presented here strengthen the case for including Uvulariaceae in Colchicaceae and Calochortaceae in Liliaceae.

Uvularia amplexifolia, spec. nov. 1. Uvularia foliis amplexicaulibus. Uvularia foliis cordato-oblongis. Roy. lugdb. 29. Smilax perfoliata ramosa, flore albo. Barr. rar. 58. t. 720. Polygonatum latifolium ramosum. Bauh. pin. 302. Bauh. hist. 3. p.531. Moris. hist.3. p.537. s.13. t.4. f.11. Raj. hist. 665. Polygonatum latifolium 4 ramosum. Clus. hist. 1. p. 276. Laurus alexandrina. Cam. epit. 936. Habitat in Bohemiae , Silesiae , Saxoniae , Delphinatus montibus. ���, Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 304, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989

Uvularia sessilifolia, spec. nov. 3. Uvularia foliis sessilibus. Uvularia foliis sessilibus, flore unico. Cold. noveb. 73. Habitat in Canada . Kalm. Habitus praecedentis; Caulis bifidus, uniflorus. Folia lanceolato-ovata, alterna, at ubi Flos ex altero ramo exit, folia bina adsunt. Pedunculus nudus., Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 305, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989

Gloriosa superba, spec. nov. 1. Gloriosa. Hort. cliff. 121. Fl. zeyl. 122. Roy. lugdb. 29. Methonica malabarorum. Herm. lugdb. 688. t. 689. Pluk. alm. 249. t.116. f.3. Lilium zeylanicum superbum. Comm. hort. 1. p. 69. t. 31. Mendoni. Rheed. mal. 7. t. 107. f. 57. Habitat in Malabaria . ���, Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 305, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989

Colchicum variegatum, spec. nov. 3. Colchicum foliis undulatis patentibus. Hort. cliff. 140. Roy. lugdb. 42. Colchicum chionense, floribus fritillariae instar tessulatis, foliis undulatis. Moris. hist.2. p.341. s.4. t.3. f.7. Habitat in Chio insula. ���, Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 342, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989

Bulbocodium vernum, spec. nov. 1. Bulbocodium foliis lanceolatis. Roy. lugdb. 41. Bulbocodium. Hort. cliff. 133. Colchicum vernum hispanicum. Bauh. pin. 69. Rudb. elys. 2. p. 128. f.2. Colchicum vernum. Clus. hist. 2. app. 203. Habitat in Hispania . ���, Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 294, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989

Colchicum autumnale, spec. nov. 1. Colchicum foliis planis lanceolatis erectis. Hort. cliff. 140. Hort. ups. 90. Roy. lugdb. 41. Sauv. monsp. 18. Boehm. lips. 29. Colchicum commune. Bauh. pin. 67. Colchicum. Fuch. hist. 356. 357. ��. Colchicum flore pleno. Bauh. pin. 67. Habitat in Europae australioris succulentis. ���, Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 341, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989

Uvularia perfoliata, spec. nov. 2. Uvularia foliis perfoliatis. Amoen. acad. 2. p. 337. Uvularia caule perfoliato. Gron. virg. 37. Cold. noveb. 74. Uvularia folio integerrimo. Roy. lugdb. 29. Uvularia. Hort. cliff. 121. Polygonum ramosum, flore luteo, majus. Corn. canad. 38. Moris. hist.3. p.538. s.13. t. 4. f.12. Polygonatum latifolium perfoliatum brasilianum. Bauh. pin. 303. prodr. 139. Burs. XVII. 61. Habitat in Virginia , Canada . plantae Burseri ex Toupinambault Brasiliae a pharmacopaeo allatae, & C.B. communicatae videntur mihi omnes ex Canada fuisse., Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 304-305, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989

Bulbocodium serotinum, spec. nov. 2. Bulbocodium foliis subulato-linearibus. Roy. lugdb. 41. Bulbocodium alpinum juncifolium, flore unico: intus albo extus squalide rubente. Raj. angl.3. p.374. t.17. f.1. Pseudo-Narcissus gramineo folio. Bauh. pin. 51. prodr. 27. Rudb. elys.2. p.64. f.9. Habitat in Alpibus Helvetiae , Angliae . ���, Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 294, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989

Colchicum montanum, spec. nov. 2. Colchicum foliis linearibus patentissimis. Loefl. Colchicum montanum angustifolium. Bauh. pin. 68. Colchicum montanum. Clus. hisp. 266. t. 267. hist. 1. p. 200. Habitat in Hispania , Helvetia . ��� Folia una cum floribus autumno erumpunt., Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 342, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989