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2. The 9.11 Attacks and the Embattled Narrative of Democratic Solidarity: Toward a (re)definition of European Identity.
- Author
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Guittet, Emmanuel
- Subjects
- *
SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 , *TERRORISM , *LIBERALISM , *SOCIAL sciences , *POLITICAL science - Abstract
Part 1: The paper discusses the transformation of liberalism after September 11 and the development of practices of liberalism inside European societies. It proposes an alternative view to the vision of unilateralism or of Empire that most analysts are exploring. It aims to show the role of the different transnational networks of security professionals, their impact on politicians and the consequences of the shift of technologies of surveillance regarding civil liberties by proposing to combine Agamben and Foucault works with the notion of Ban Opticon. Part 2: The paper will analyze the changing relationship between new security challenges and the way new technologies transform the practice of war. The history and emerging relationship between practices of security and the principles of the democratic public sphere will also be explored. An analysis will be developed of the means and methods of threat assessment and the vulnerability of critical infrastructures, most notably the specific cases of telecommunication networks, water systems, nuclear plants, cyberspace and knowledge-based experts networks, the commercial privatisation of technologies of surveillance and control. To explore the security policies and warfare strategies that result from the security environment of a globalised world, which make Western, societies ‘risk societies’. Part 3: The tragic terrorist attacks of September 11 seem to have made all political actors aware that each home security policy is ensured at the global level, or that it was not ensured at all. The natural democratic solidarity against terrorism becomes a rhetoric common place. Not a question. Why and how the question of democracy have been bent to new times rather than questioned? Our main objective in this paper is to underline how the question of terrorism going beyond the national borders which requires mutual assistance and mutual co-operation is a symbolic, political and identity issue. The core of our intention will be thus to show how the antiterrorist fight in Europe is initially dominated by the problems of the recognition of each other Member State as an inter pares member of this whole Europe of democracies. Under this angle, the co-operation understood as a hyperbolic discourse of always more, never enough, structured on the official history of an initial deficit of the European security is then the point of conversion of the national characteristics into a common identity. In other words, the progressive installation of ad hoc European institutions envisaged according to the principle of coordination of the police and legal efforts produced a network of exchanges which ensures the circulation of significance and strong collective identity representations. Even if the fight against terrorism and by extension against organized crime is carried out by a large number of police, intelligence and judicial actors, they all are involved in the same global (re)definition of the European identity. In fact, it is because there is a complex web of different national cultures, practices in order to fight against terrorism, that according each other around a single discourse is a real political opportunity. But does this political identity construction is really stable? The different national positions after the 9.11 events seem to have turned the historical European collective identity process upside down and the democratic solidarity is everything but an embattled narrative between an us and them distinction process. In other words, by dismounting these official processes of historicization which make of the European co-operation a reality born of the dialogue around a necessary solidarity of the European States vis-à -vis to the terrorist threat, and to deal with the different discourses after the 9.11 attacks, it is rather a question of showing how the co-operation is a requirement for a political and diplomatic legibility between countries and actors of Europe. A Europe which offers the insurance of a collective common and reassuring identity: the democracy for everyone. Regarding the democratic European and national discourses after 9.11, we will answer to the question of the (re)definition of the democratic European identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
3. Reassessing Religion in Liberalism.
- Author
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Kornell, Clarissa
- Subjects
- *
LIBERALISM , *RELIGION & politics , *SOCIAL sciences , *POLITICAL science , *PROTESTANT fundamentalism - Abstract
By examining the recent rise of Christian fundamentalism in the United States, this paper aims to broaden the liberal perception of religion in politics to demonstrate that liberal principles and comprehensive religious beliefs can be reconciled. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
4. Reflections on Politics and Pluralism: A Response To Jeremiads.
- Author
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Greeley, Andrew M.
- Subjects
CULTURAL pluralism ,POLITICAL science ,ACCULTURATION ,ETHNICITY ,HETEROGENEITY ,CULTURAL fusion ,MULTICULTURALISM ,PLURAL societies ,LIBERALISM ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
The article comments on the enduring pluralism in the American society. Despite its mistakes, the American experimentation in pluralism has been largely a success compared to the ethnic and racial conflicts in India, Palestine, Yugoslavia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Iraq, Ceylon, and Burma. Notwithstanding its large land mass and population, the U.S. was marked by only one civil war. The durability of the social fabric may be attributed to the spirit of tolerance and liberalism which has characterized the American society.
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Pluralism and the Fate of Perestroika: A Historical Reflection.
- Author
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Gunnell, John
- Subjects
PLURALISM ,PERESTROIKA ,POLITICAL science ,DEMOCRATIZATION ,DEMOCRACY ,LIBERALISM ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
Although a great deal has been written about the perestroika movement in turn-of-the century political science its actual place in the history of the discipline has been poorly understood by its founders, defenders, and critics. Perestroika can be best understood as a manifestation of the persistent crises of identity that have characterized the discipline of political science, and it cannot be explained apart from the manner in which it was reflection of issues that attended both the origins of the field and periods such as the 1920s and aftermath of the behavioral era. What has been particularly important in each case has been the impact on both American politics and political science of the ethic of pluralism, which has created significant difficulties for both the practical and epistemic relationship between the discipline and its subject matter. — John Gunnell.This essay is followed by responses from James Farr, Robert O. Keohane, David D. Laitin, Kristen Renwick Monroe, Anne Norton, and Sanford F. Schram. John Gunnell then offers a response to commentators. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Liberal education is moral education.
- Author
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McCabe, David
- Subjects
UNITED States education system ,LIBERALISM ,SOCIAL sciences ,POLITICAL science ,CRITICS - Abstract
The article presents a discussion on liberalism in education in the United States. The view is widely held these days that liberalism as a political philosophy is in a state of crisis. Not only is it increasingly under attack from critics outside of liberalism, but there is also great dissension among liberals themselves on the questions of how best to defend liberal institutions and, indeed, on the very idea of what it means to be a liberal. Along with this crisis in the academy, liberal states seem to be undergoing crises of their own. Metaphors of the liberal community as a richly colored tapestry woven from the threads of diversity have largely given way to the image of a nation becoming increasingly unraveled and dangerously frayed not just at the edges, but throughout. There is no reason to think that civic and moral education cannot be mutually reinforcing. Indeed, in a genuinely liberal education, citizens will also be taught the civic virtues needed to sustain the liberal polity.
- Published
- 1995
7. Perfectionism, Politics and the Social Contract: Rawls and Cavell on Justice.
- Author
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Mulhall, Stephen
- Subjects
LIBERALISM ,SOCIAL sciences ,SOCIAL movements ,SOCIAL criticism ,SOCIAL justice ,POLITICAL participation ,SOCIAL change ,POLITICAL science - Abstract
The article presents the author's views regarding the perfectionism, politics, and the social contract in the U.S. In the consequence of the stretched communitarian critique of liberalism in general and Rawlsian liberalism in particular, the author infers that the judgements of the competing claims of perfectionism and anti-perfectionism in politics seem to be dominating the reflections of both liberal and non-liberal theorists. The author adds that the model of reflective judgement raised is meant to recall a central element in the Kantain approach to aesthetics and morality.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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