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Sn-β zeolite and PTSA-POM, made from the copolymerization of p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) and paraformaldehyde (POM), were used for the production of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) from glucose in an environmentally friendly solvent system including γ-valerolactone (GVL) and H2O. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, solvent, and catalyst-to-reactant ratio on the production of HMF were investigated. The combination of the Brønsted acid and Lewis acid catalysts largely improved the catalytic system and resulted in the production of HMF in 60.1 % yield at 140 °C in 30 min. The presence of water in the solvent had a positive influence on the production of HMF from glucose. The combination of the two catalysts also improved the catalytic performance for the production of HMF from cellulose and corn stalk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Attapulgite-based MCM-41 zeolite supported Ni-Nb catalysts were manufactured. • L-lysine addition increased the void structures and specific surface area of LAMZ. • Nb addition improved catalyst reducibility, surface acidity and metal dispersion. • 5Ni-1Nb/LAMZ exhibited excellent anti-coking and anti-sintering properties. • 5Ni-1Nb/LAMZ could maintain high activity during 55-hours AASR reaction. Acetic acid steam reforming (AASR) was generally considered as one of the promising technologies for hydrogen production. In this work, the L-lysine-assisted attapulgite-based MCM-41 zeolite (LAMZ) was successfully synthesized by using attapulgite-derived silicon source and the LAMZ-supported Ni-Nb (xNi-yNb/LAMZ) catalysts were prepared via conventional impregnation method. The effects of LAMZ and Nb content on regulating the microstructures and properties of Ni-based catalysts were investigated by various characterizations. Results revealed that the addition of L-lysine could contribute to forming more void structures and increasing specific surface area of LAMZ support, which was beneficial for promoting the dispersion of active sites and enhancing the metal-support interaction. Additionally, Nb optimized the reduction of Ni, increased the concentration of surface-active Ni species, improved the strength of surface Lewis acid and promoted the formation of Ni-NbO x interfaces. Amongst, 5Ni-1Nb/LAMZ exhibited the highest surface Ni0 sites and Ni-NbO x interfaces, which further induces the generation of V O generation and the flow of lattice oxygen. Therefore, the 5Ni-1Nb/LAMZ catalyst presented the highest acetic acid conversion (82.1 %) and hydrogen yield (69.9 %) at reaction conditions of reaction temperature = 750 °C, S/C = 3, WHSV = 19.96 h−1, furthermore, it almost no any inactivation during 55 h of AASR. Additionally, the characterization results of spent catalysts confirmed that 5Ni-Nb/LAMZ possess high coke resistance and anti-sinter capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting cellulose (Cel) into ethyl levulinate (EL) is one of the promising strategies for supplying liquid fuels. In this paper, the prepared sulfonated P-W-modified N-containing carbon-based solid acid catalyst (PWNCS), in which the Polyaniline (PANI) was employed as N and C precursors, successfully converted Cel into EL under the water-ethanol medium. The characterization results demonstrated that a tiny addition of P increased the Brønsted acid sites (BAS) content and defective WO 3 provided the Lewis acid sites (LAS), meanwhile, the sulfonation process did not change the fundamental structure but introduced the sulfonic groups to dramatically increase the acidic content. Therefore, under optimized reaction conditions, PWNCS realized about 100% Cel conversion and 71.61% of EL yield, furthermore, the selectivity of EL reached 89.14%. In addition, the effect of water on the reaction pathway of Cel to EL over PWNCS was proposed. The addition of water generally resulted in the hydration of defective WO 3 to reduce the LAS and increase BAS, which significantly inhibited the side reactions of retro-aldol condensation (RAC) and subsequent etherification reactions during Cel conversion and then improved the selectivity of EL. [Display omitted] • One-pot conversion of cellulose to ethyl levulinate under water-ethanol was achieved. • Sulphonated P-W modified carbon-based solid acid catalysts were prepared. • PWNCS exhibited 99% of cellulose conversion and 71.61% of ethyl levulinate yield. • Reaction pathways for the cellulose conversion into EL over PWNCS were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]