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From 40 healthy sheep breeding in good conditions of hygiene and feeding belonging to particular herds from the West side of the country were been taken blood samples in most important seasons of the year: in spring, before pasturage period and in autumn, after pasturage period. Sheep were been periodically preventive treated against parasites and were clinically healthy. Were been followed haematological parameters like haemogram (number of erithrocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit, erithrocytic indexes), leucogram (number of leucocytes, leucocytic formula) and those blood biochemicals indexes (total seric proteins, proteic fractions, glucose, uric acid, GPT, creatinin, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium). The obtain values in spring season were smaller in comparison with those from autumn as a result of less favourable conditions in winter, when sheep can't have the same benefits like in warm season, with high quality fresh food and life conditions. This fact is emphasized in these sheep obtained productions.

The aim of this research was to evaluated the influence of some phytobiotics on haematological profile, leukocyte reaction and some biochemical indices at Oreochromis niloticus species, reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. This experiment was conducted six weeks. The experimental variants were: V1–control; V2–1% Rosmarinus officinali/kg feed; V3–1% Hippophae rhamnoides/kg feed and V4–1% Zingiber officinale/kg feed. Blood was analyzed using standard techniques. At the end of the experiment the following parameters were determined: RBCc (x106cells/µL), Hb (g/dL), PVC (%), MCV (µm3), MCH (pg), MCHC (g/dL), TP (g/dL), GLU (mg/dL), cortisol (ng/mL), lysozyme activity (U/mL), absolute number of blood cells (x103 cells/µL) and leukogram (%). The results showed that the administration in feed of some phytobiotics lead to signifiant differences (p

The cellular composition of the peripheral blood of the Baikal seal Phoca sibirica (Gmelin, 1788) has been studied. Various cells have been found in the blood smears: large and small lymphocytes; monocytes; and neutro-, eosino-, and basophils. Analysis has shown a high percentage of band neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes in the leukogram of young seal individuals when compared to adult individuals. Similar forms of leukocytes have been recorded during the study of some marine representatives of true seals (Phocidae). However, the proportion of band neutrophils is significantly lower in the leukograms of adult gray, harp, and ringed seals. The differences may be determined by physiological features and living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies interspecies physiological and genetic differences between the white-collared flycatcher and the pied flycatcher of the genus Ficedula. The fact that the flycatchers are capable of interspecies hybridization is one more reason for particular interest to these species. Using our own-developed method of taking venous blood from the eye's sinus, we took blood samples from birds in the protected area of Homilshanski Forests, Kharkiv, Ukraine, to study their leukogram patterns. The bird feathers were also collected for genetic analysis -- to identify interspecies differences with application of the ISSR technique. It was revealed that the percentage of heterophiles in the nestlings of the pied flycatcher was lower than in the nestlings of the white-collared flycatcher. The micronucleus test did not reveal any significant difference in the interspecies groups. The spectra of amplification products obtained with the primer (AGC)6 G showed that the white-collared flycatchers had a more heterogeneous structure. The study of the leukogram, micronucleus test, and the ISSR analysis can be especially effective in the study of intra-species genetic differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variation in food resources can result in dramatic fluctuations in the body condition of animals dependent on those resources. Decreases in body mass can disrupt patterns of energy allocation and impose stress, thereby altering immune function. In this study, we investigated links between changes in body mass of captive cane toads (Rhinella marina), their circulating white blood cell populations, and their performance in immune assays. Captive toads that lost weight over a three-month period had increased levels of monocytes and heterophils and reduced levels of eosinophils. Basophil and lymphocyte levels were unrelated to changes in mass. Because individuals that lost mass had higher heterophil levels but stable lymphocyte levels, the ratio of these cell types was also higher, partially consistent with a stress response. Phagocytic ability of whole blood was higher in toads that lost mass, owing to increased circulating levels of phagocytic cells. Other measures of immune performance were unrelated to mass change. These results highlight the challenges faced by invasive species as they expand their range into novel environments which may impose substantial seasonal changes in food availability that were not present in the native range. Individuals facing energy restrictions may shift their immune function towards more economical and general avenues of combating pathogens. This article is part of the theme issue 'Amphibian immunity: stress, disease and ecoimmunology'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative study of the composition of peripheral blood leukocytes of plunderfish and grey rockcod or squama caught in the Ross Sea has been carried out. Blood smears revealed cells of different morphofunctional characteristics and structure: lymphocytes, monocytes, neutro- and eosinophils, and blast cells. An analysis of the leukogram showed that the white blood of the studied species has a lymphoid character. In the rockcod leukogram, the proportion of lymphocytes is significantly higher, while that of monocytes and blast forms is lower. In the plunderfish, in comparison with the grey rockcod, the leukocyte cells of the same name are usually larger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain the best qualities of pig production, it is necessary to make correction the ration for swines of various technological, age groups using mineral feed additives that take into consideration not only the physiological needs for minerals of the corresponding the biogeochemical zone or the province where the farm is located. Also, conditions that accompany the emergence of a mineral deficit are taken into account. The research was carried out ont the farm of the Kyiv region (northeastern biogeochemical zone). Morphological parameters of blood were studied by standard methods. Biochemical parameters of blood were studied using biochemical analyzer «Labline-010» with standard sets of reagents. The content of chemical elements was investigated by the method of atomic emission spectrometry on the Optima 210 DV device. The paper presents the research on determining the hematological indicators of an organism of lactating sows in the northeastern biogeochemical zone of Ukraine at the prevention of microelementosis using new experimental eco-friendly means. The content of Нemoglobin, Сobalt, Сopper and Zinc, erythrocytes (RBCs),leukocytes (WBCs), MCH, leukogram in the blood of sows of the northern-eastern biogeochemical zone of Ukraine before and after the application of experimental drugs was investigated. The stimulating influence of prophylactic agents on the indicators of hemopoiesis and metabolism of Cobalt, Copper and Zinc was defined. In the blood of the sows of the first experimental group, 28 days later, the Нemoglobin content on 11.8% higher and the Zinc concentration in 1.3 times higher than the control group of animals were found. In the blood of sows in the second experimental group, 28 days later, the Нemoglobin content in 1.2 times, Cobalt in 4.5 times, Copper in 1.1 times, Zinc in 1.4 times and RBCs on 10.4 % higher than the control group of animals were found. The development of new, eco-friendly, non-toxic means of preventing disorders of metabolism of minerals in pigs is a promising direction of veterinary medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials of the histostructure and clinical parameters of the blood of sexually mature females and males of the beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella) from the pelagial zone of the Irminger Sea (northeastern Atlantic) made it possible for the first time to describe the features of the morphological structure of the body and present the characteristics of blood cells. The diameter of white and red muscle fibers along the body (from head to tail) in females and males of the beaked redfish differs significantly. In addition, females differ from males in the distribution of the fiber density along the body. The morphology and size of erythropoietic cells and leukocytes in beaked females and males are similar to those of other fish species. Nevertheless, erythropoiesis and leukopoiesis of males and females proceed differently. Significant differences in the composition of the somatic muscles of females and males indicate a higher rate of metabolic processes in females. In the leukogram of females, the proportion of mature segmented neutrophils, which are the main microphages with high antigenic activity, is significantly higher than in males. Therefore, females have a higher cellular factor of innate immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hematological parameters can provide key information to an animal health status. However, this information is usually hard to obtain. Here, we described the hematological parameters of Leptodactylus podicipinus in the Brazilian Pantanal. We measured red blood cell morphometrics, erythrogram, and leukogram. We also tested for phylogenetic signal in the erythrogram and leukogram of 48 frog species from 15 families, testing if body size explains their variation. Lymphocytes were the most abundant leukocytes (>60%) in L. podicipinus , followed by neutrophils (∼10%). Given that L. podicipinus is an abundant and widely distributed species in central Brazil, knowing its hematological pattern can help establish a baseline and improve its use as a bioindicator of environmental degradation. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and value contributed more to the phylomorphospace of erythrogram, in which Leptodactylus spp. and Hypsiboas raniceps had lower values of these variables, whereas Bufotes viridis and Hyla arborea had high values. The phylogenetic signal was spread throughout the dimensions of the leukogram phylomorphospace. The variables that most contributed to it were total leukocytes counts, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. We also found a moderate phylogenetic signal for both the erythrogram and leukogram. Accordingly, body size accounted for a low proportion of variation in both the leukogram (4.7%) and erythrogram (0.57%). By applying phylogenetic comparative methods to hematological parameters, our results add a new perspective on the evolution of blood cell physiology in frogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to evaluated the influence of some phytobiotics on haematological profile, leukocyte reaction and some biochemical indices at Oreochromis niloticus species, reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. This experiment was conducted six weeks. The experimental variants were: V1-control; V2-1% Rosmarinus officinali/kg feed; V3-1% Hippophae rhamnoides/kg feed and V4-1% Zingiber officinale/kg feed. Blood was analyzed using standard techniques. At the end of the experiment the following parameters were determined: RBCc (x106cells/μL), Hb (g/dL), PVC (%), MCV (μm3), MCH (pg), MCHC (g/dL), TP (g/dL), GLU (mg/dL), cortisol (ng/mL), lysozyme activity (U/mL), absolute number of blood cells (x103 cells/μL) and leukogram (%). The results showed that the administration in feed of some phytobiotics lead to signifiant differences (p<0.05) of following parameters: RBCc (x106cells/μL), MCV (μm3), glucose (mg/dL), lysozyme activity (U/mL), monocyte (%) and in absolute number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. In conclusion, due to decreasing of RBCc, PVC, Hb, MCHC, cortisol, GLU and due to normal concentration of TP, we can say that the administration of sea buckthorn and ginger, but even rosemary administration, in diet improves the physiological status at Oreochromis niloticus species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synchronization and stimulation are used to obtain large numbers of embryos. Therefore, the studies carried out made it possible to assess homeostasis in the dynamics of metabolism in different phases of regulation of the reproductive cycle when using the proposed drug "Estrosynchron". The drug blocks the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which inhibits the growth of follicles and the ovulation process and, accordingly, the manifestation of the phenomena of the sexual cycle. It was found that over the period (18-20 days) of feeding Estrosynchron in gilts after treatment, blood parameters decreased: total protein, globulin fraction, a1-globulin, a2-globulin fraction compared with the indicators before treatment. After treatment, there was an increase in the number of erythrocytes, hematocrit, platelet count and thrombocyte, as well as a significant increase in the average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte and a decrease in the rate of erythrocyte coagulation. At the same time, studies of blood parameters provide additional information about the characteristics of breeding pigs, depending on the age and physiological state during reproductive use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for non-drug therapies to enhance antitumor protection is one of the most urgent tasks of pathophysiology and medicine. We evaluated the impact of a course of interval hypobaric hypoxia (0.306 kg/cm2) on the development of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice. In the first series of experiments, the mice were subjected to hypoxic training over 10 days, and in the second series the hypoxic training was provided daily for 3 weeks, except for weekends. The tumor volume was analyzed using a caliper on day 16 (the terminal period). The weight of the mice was measured on day 0, and the final net weight was measured on day 22. The rate of cancer development in mice exposed to hypoxic training within the first 10 days decreased by 58%. Exposure to 3 weeks of hypoxic training showed no significant antitumor effect. Upon completion of the hypoxic training, the rate of tumor development increased, and at the end of the study, no significant differences in survival were found. Further research is needed to determine the optimal antitumor effect and duration of the course of interval hypobaric training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cattle genetic selection has resulted in cows more predisposed to physiological diseases and immunological disorders. The aim of this study was to compare hematological and iron-related parameters during transition and lactation between the dual-purpose local cattle breed Modenese (MO) and the Italian Friesian (IF), housed together under identical conditions of feeding and management. Blood samples from 25 pluriparous lactating cows, 11 MO and 14 IF, were collected at different physiological status: ante-partum (a.p.), early post-partum (p.p.), and lactation. Significant differences were observed during all three periods between MO and IF cows for mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelets (PLT), and mean platelet volume (MPV). In the a.p. period, a breed effect was observed for neutrophil (NEU) count, monocyte (MON) percent, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC); on the contrary, a trend (p < 0.10) was observed for white blood cell (WBC) count, NEU to lymphocyte (LYM) ratio, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). During the early p.p., count and percent of both NEU and MON, so as MCHC, were significantly different between breeds. During lactation, differences were observed only for basophil (BAS) count and percent, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and platelet distribution width (PDW). Overall, MO cows showed lower impairment of the immune and innate host resistance mechanisms than IF cows during transition, confirming the importance of genetic background (breed) for hematological parameters. These results could be considered to improve the interest in the conservation of animal genetic resources and for the valorization of local cattle breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neste artigo realizou-se a avaliação de ovinos mestiços Santa Inês com pododermatite infecciosa, verificando as alterações no leucograma e proteínas de fase aguda. No primeiro experimento, 70 fêmeas foram separadas em três grupos de acordo com o seu escore podal: Grupo controle (G1) com escore 0; Dermatite interdigital (G2) com escore 1 ou 2 e Pododermatite necrosante (G3) com escore 3, 4 ou 5. Durante dois meses observou-se a evolução clínica e efeitos no leucograma em cinco momentos: M1 (dia 0), M2 (dia 15), M3 (dia 30), M4 (dia 45) e M5 (dia 60). A intensidade do resultado do leucograma foi de baixa magnitude, observando-se alterações significativas (pIn this paper, Santa Inês crossbred sheep with footrot were evaluated, checking the changes on leukogram and the acute phase proteins. In the first experiment, 70 females were divided into three groups according to their podal scores: a control group (G1) with score 0, scald group (G2) with score 1 or 2 and a footrot group (G3) with score 3, 4 or 5. During two months, the clinical course and its effect on leukogram were observed at five moments: M1 (day 0), M2 (day 15), M3 (day 30), M4 (day 45) and M5 (day 60). The intensity of the white blood cell count was low magnitude, observing significant changes (p

The aim of the present study was to explore the potential hematotoxic and immunotoxic effects of melamine (MA) in the absence and presence of formaldehyde (FA) in mice. Forty adult Swiss mice were equally allocated into four groups and daily treated with water, MA (50 mg/kg), FA (25 mg/kg), and MA + FA respectively via feeding needle for 60 consecutive days. Hematological status was evaluated using erythrogram and leukogram profiling. Innate immune functions were assessed by measuring white blood cells lysozyme and phagocytic activities. Serum immunoglobulin levels were evaluated as indicators of humoral immunity. In addition, histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations of splenic tissues were performed. The results indicated that either MA or FA treatment resulted in significant decreases in RBCs, Hb, MCHC, total WBC, lymphocyte, and basophile levels as well as in WBCs phagocytosis and lysozyme activity. In contrast, MCV, PCV%, and reticulocyte levels were significantly increased in these hosts. The total IgM level was significantly reduced in the MA-only-exposed mice but markedly increased in the FA-only-treated ones. A significant decrease in serum IgG levels was detected following either MA or FA treatment. The combined exposure to MA and FA, compared to levels of either toxicant alone, was revealed to evoke a significant improvement in Hb, PCV%, MCV, MCHC, neutrophil, eosinophil, total IgM level, and lysozyme activity; however these values did not reach that of the controls. Furthermore, compared to control mice, both MA-only- and FA-only-treated mice showed a strong distribution of CD4+and CD8+cells in their spleens, while a moderate presence of the former cells was obvious at their co-exposure. Taken together, these findings revealed that exposure to MA or FA resulted in significant alterations in hemato-immune parameters at variable degrees while a co-exposure resulted in the mitigation of most effects of either toxicant alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most commonly used bovine hematology reference intervals were published in 1965. We found the results from healthy cattle in 2001 differed from those in many ways. Discovery of the original laboratory book used to calculate the 1965 values gave us the opportunity to evaluate whether hematology values of healthy cattle have changed over time. Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish hematology reference intervals for Holstein cows, compare selected hematologic results with similar population data from 1957, and compare these reference intervals with those of other North American veterinary schools and published values. Methods: Reference intervals were developed in 2001 using clinically healthy, bovine leukemia virus-negative, mid-lactation Holstein cows. Selected parts of the hemograms and neutrophil:lymphocyte (N:L) ratio were compared with those from healthy, age-matched Holstein cows evaluated in 1957. Bovine reference intervals were solicited from clinical pathology laboratories in North American veterinary colleges and analyzed for population characteristics and method of analysis. Results: Between 1957 and 2001, mean neutrophil counts increased significantly, whereas lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts and hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly. Mean N:L ratio increased significantly to 1.17. Most surveyed laboratories were using the 1965 reference intervals. Two other institutions that had developed reference intervals after 2000 had results similar to ours. Conclusions: Continued use of older bovine hematology reference intervals could lead to misinterpretation of within-reference neutrophil counts as neutrophilia and under-recognition of neutropenia, eosinophilia, monocytosis, or lymphocytosis. Use of N:L>1 as evidence of inflammation should be discontinued or used with great caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the presented study was to assess the effect of a single administration of Fe3+-dextran on immune cell counts and pterin biomolecule production as novel sensors of the piglets' immune system activation, and to determine concentrations of cortisol, a traditional hormonal biosensor of the stress response. Pterins (neopterin and biopterin) in the piglets' blood serum were analyzed by separation using reversed-phase HPLC. A single dose of Fe3+-dextran produced a special stress situation in the piglets' organism which manifested itself by an increased production of neopterin (p < 0.05) and biopterin (p < 0.01) in the experimental piglets. Changes in cortisol concentrations and leukocyte counts were influenced by handling stress and were not specifically correlated to iron dextran application. Iron concentrations in the internal environment of the experimental piglets' group were higher by an order of magnitude compared with the controls, and the highest serum concentrations of iron (p < 0.01) were reached 24 h following Fe3+-dextran administration. The data presented offer a new perspective on the evaluation of stress situations in the animal organism and, not least importantly, extends the rather modest current list of references on the role of pterins in livestock animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soon after levamisole became widely used as a veterinary anthelmintic, it was recognised that concurrent enhancement of immune responsiveness sometimes accompanied anthelmintic treatment, especially in old or chronically ill animals. There are many reports concerning the immunomodulatory effects of levamisole in immunocompromised and vaccinated animals, but information about the effects of levamisole in immunocompetent animals is limited and controversial. Thirty Holstein dairy calves were randomly divided into two groups: test (n=15) and control (n=15). Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein, between 24 h and 48 h after birth, and put into EDTA-containing tubes and plain tubes; levamisole was then administrated orally at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight three times at 1-day intervals in test groups. Blood sampling from all the calves was continued at days 7, 14, 21 and 28. The weight of calves was measured only at days 1 and 28 (before feeding). The levels of packed cell volume (PCV) (microhaematocrit), total white blood cells (WBCS) and differential leukocyte count (manual standard methods), total serum protein (colorimetry), beta and gamma globulins (electrophoresis), albumin:globulin (A:G) (calculated) and disease occurrence were measured and recorded. Appropriate statistical methods were used for data analysis, andP=0.05 was considered as significant. No significant differences were seen for PCV, total serum protein, WBC count and health between groups. In the test group, neutrophil level at day 14 and monocyte level at day 21 were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). Electrophoresis showed no significant differences for beta globulin level and A:G between groups, but gamma globulin level at day 28 was significantly higher in the test group (P<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]