Search

Examining tortoises’ blood cell parameters in natural populations could be useful for monitoring their health status. The current study examines the blood cell morphology of Eastern Hermann's tortoise in populations inhabiting three distinct locations in Serbia: Čermor, Gonjište, and Kunovica. We analyzed the number and morphometric parameters of different types of peripheral blood cells, including their length, width, and cell and nuclear size, and compared blood cell morphology across populations, sexes, and seasons (spring and summer). Our findings revealed significant variations in erythrocyte and lymphocyte morphometry among Eastern Hermann's tortoises from different populations and sexes, highlighting the influence of these factors on blood cell characteristics. Seasonal differences were observed in lymphocyte and thrombocyte counts, emphasizing the dynamic nature of hematological parameters in these tortoises. Additionally, alterations in erythrocyte cytoplasm were observed, suggesting potential pathological conditions. Establishing reference hematological intervals for healthy wild populations is crucial for monitoring health status, identifying early indicators of stress or disease, and guiding conservation efforts for Eastern Hermann's tortoises. Our results contribute to the general knowledge of the blood cell characteristics of Hermann's tortoise and provide insights into potential population-level differences in their physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) has been studied as an immunostimulant, increasing macrophage cell activity and phagocytosis capacity. Based on that circumstance, the study aims to prove the immunostimulating effect by measuring the activity of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract in the capsule for the complete blood profile of healthy volunteers. The number of volunteers used was twenty people, and the volunteers were divided into two groups. The first group was given a placebo capsule without Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract. The second group was given a capsule with Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract with a dose of 67 mg, which was taken once a day for three days. Blood sampling was obtained before and after taking the capsule preparation. Observation of the complete blood profile was conducted by investigating changes in blood parameters such as haemoglobin levels, number of erythrocytes, number of leukocytes, hematocrit values, number of thrombocytes and the percentage of leukocyte types (banded neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes). The second group given Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract showed a significant effect on the increase in haemoglobin levels, number of thrombocytes and hematocrit values (p<0.05). The percentage of leukocyte type values showed that lymphocytes increased significantly (p<0.05). In contrast, the segmented neutrophil increased but did not show a significant difference with the percentage of banded neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes (p>0.05). There was a nonsignificant result in all parameters for the first group, which was administrated with a placebo capsule without Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract.v [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment poses several challenges in clinical practice, and treatment side effects can be debilitating due to the close proximity of important anatomical structures. Cancer recurrence post-treatment presents some of the most challenging HNC management issues. This prospective study identifies high-risk groups for recurrence of head and neck cancer, based on commonly accessible clinical parameters. In this study with 272 HNC patients, elevated pre- and post-treatment CRP levels, low BMI and advanced stage at admission indicate higher risk for recurrence of disease. Using these parameters, a risk model is proposed which may be useful for estimating the probability of cancer recurrence and allow the identification of high and low-risk patients. This prospective study identifies high-risk groups for recurrence of head and neck cancer by BMI and circulating inflammatory response markers. Head and neck cancer patients from three Swedish hospitals were included (n = 272). Leukocyte and thrombocyte counts, CRP levels, and BMI were measured pre-treatment and post-treatment. Associations between the four factors and treatment failure (residual tumor, loco-regional failure, general failure/distant metastasis) were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for sex, age at the initial visit, smoking status, cancer stage, and hemoglobin count. CRP level was the only significant single variable, with an average increase in risk of recurrence of 74% (p = 0.018) for every doubling. The predictive power of a combined model using all variables was highest during the initial months after treatment, with AUC under the ROC curve 0.75 at the 0–3 month timepoints. Patients with elevated pre- and post-treatment CRP levels are at higher risk for recurrence of disease. Male patients with low post-treatment BMI, advanced stage, and high CRP at any time post treatment are at high risk for recurrence. The combined model may be useful for stratifying post-treatment patients into low and high-risk groups, to enable more detailed follow-up or additional treatment regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizophrenia is a disorder of strange and disordered thoughts, delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate influences, and disorders of psychosocial functioning. One of the management of schizophrenia therapy is the administration of atypical antipsychotic drugs, namely clozapine. Clozapine is an antagonist of serotonin (5-HT2) and dopamine type 2 (D2) receptors. However, the risk of using clozapine provides a risk of side effects in the form of metabolic syndromes such as impaired blood glucose regulation and disorders of blood elements such as leukocytes and platelets. This study aims to determine the effect of using clozapine on blood glucose, leukocyte, and platelet levels in schizophrenia patients at Banyumas General Hospital. This research method was carried out by cross-sectional study in outpatient schizophrenia at Banyumas General Hospital who received clozapine therapy and had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, taken by consecutive sampling, then examined blood glucose levels, leukocyte counts, and platelet counts before and after giving clozapine therapy. Samples were taken on day 1 and day 10 of drug use. Paired t-test statistical analysis was used to see the effect of using clozapine on glucose, leucocyte, and platelet levels. In the T-test, it was found that there was a relationship between the use of clozapine on the patient's blood glucose levels, the use of clozapine did not have a significant effect on the increase in leukocyte levels and there was also a relationship between the use of clozapine and the patient's platelet levels. The results showed that the patient had an increase in blood glucose levels by a percentage (100%), the patient had leukopenia by a percentage (63.5%), the patient had thrombocytopenia by a percentage (75%), while the other patients had thrombocytosis. Patients with hyperglycemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia were those who used clozapine> 12 months

The hematologic system performs a number of essential functions, including oxygen transport, the execution of the immune response against tumor cells and invading pathogens, and hemostasis (blood clotting). These roles are performed by erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets), respectively. Critically, circadian rhythms are evident in the function of all 3 cell types. In this review, we describe these oscillations, explore their mechanistic bases, and highlight their key implications. Since erythrocytes are anucleate, circadian rhythms in these cells testify to the existence of a nontranscriptional circadian clock. From a clinical perspective, leukocyte rhythms could underlie daily variation in the severity of allergic reactions, the symptoms of chronic inflammatory diseases, and the body’s response to infection, while the rhythmic properties of thrombocytes may explain daily fluctuations in the incidence of heart attack and stroke. Consequently, the efficacy of treatments for these conditions is likely to depend on the timing of their administration. Last, we outline preliminary evidence that circadian disruption in the hematologic system could contribute to the deleterious effects of poor diet, shift work, and alcohol abuse on human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Use of Carica papaya leaf extracts, reported to improve thrombocyte counts in dengue patients, demands further analysis on the underlying mechanism of its thrombopoietic cytokines induction Methods: In vitro cultures of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) were treated with unripe papaya pulp juice (UPJ) to evaluate its potential to induce thrombopoietic cytokines (IL-6 and SCF) Results: In vitro scratch gap closure was significantly faster (p < .05) in SHED culture treated with UPJ. IL-6 concentration was significantly increased (p < .05) in SHED and PBL culture supernatant when treated with UPJ. SCF synthesis in SHED culture was also significantly increased (p < .05) when treated with UPJ Conclusion: In vitro upregulated synthesis of IL -6 and SCF both in PBL and SHED reveals the potential mechanism of unripe papaya to induce thrombopoietic cytokines synthesis in cells of hematopoietic and mesenchymal origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to establish the physiological status of rabbits (Belgian Giant breed) and (Lepus Europaeus Pallas) by determining hematological profile (this has been achieved comparative by gender). Characterization of blood parameters was performed using an automated hematology analyzer, ABX Micros ABC VET. For this purpose were determined: the number of - leukocyte-white blood cells (WBC), erythrocyte- red blood cell counts (RBC); the total amount of hemoglobin in blood (HGB); percentage of red blood cells (hematocrit) (HCT); the average blood volume (MCV)-the size of red blood cells; average globular hemoglobin (MCH); mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelet count (PLT). The highest average white blood cells (WBC) was observed in rabbit females (6.35x103/mm3) and the lowest in hare males (4.65x103/mm3). The highest values of erythrocytes (RBC) was observed for Lepus Europaeus Pallas (females (11.25x106/mm3) and males (10.24x106/mm3)), and the lowest for Belgian Giant breed rabbits (females (6.01x106/mm3) and males (6.57x106/mm3)). For platelet count (PLT), were determined the highest values for hare females 533.41x103/mm3, 379x103/mm3 for rabbit males. Rabbit females and hares males had relatively similar mean values (344.38x103/mm3 and 341.40x103/mm3). Determine blood parameters showed significant variations in their average between the species studied, but were within the range observed in other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Evaluation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in avian species by flow cytometry is complicated by the presence of large numbers of nucleated thrombocytes. With light scattering properties similar to those of lymphocytes, variations in the proportion of thrombocytes in PBMC can result in apparent shifts in percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations. We have applied a dual-labeling procedure for flow cytometric analyses to exclude thrombocytes from the analyzed population by labeling with K55 monoclonal antibody (MAb), which differentially labeled leukocyte and thrombocyte populations. Flow cytometric analyses with K55 labeled chicken PBMC differentiated leukocytes into three populations according to their intensity of fluorescence. Using the Kl MAb, the K55-low population was shown to consist of thrombocytes. Dual-labeling with K55 MAb and MAb specific for B lymphocyte, CD4 or CD8 markers indicated that the K55 intermediate population consisted of lymphocytes. Therefore, concentrations of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes could be determined from the lymphocyte fraction by gating specifically on the K55 intermediate cells. Selecting cross-reactive chicken MAbs that included K55, this protocol was shown to identify CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in PBMC of another avian species, the endangered Attwater''s prairie chicken. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Erythrocytes, thrombocytes and leukocytes morphology and cytochemical staining were studied in big head carp Aristichthys nobilis, oscar Astronotus ocellatus, traíra Hoplias malabaricus and lambari Astyanax bimaculatus. Reticulocytes contained a granular material similar to residual RNA following staining with brilliant cresyl blue. Neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes were morphologically similar in all the four species. Thrombocytes were present in all the four species and were predominantly fusiform, whereas eosinophils occurred only in A. ocellatus. Aristichthys nobilis contained a leukocyte with unstained granules following Romanowsky-type staining, which stained intensely with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Glycogen granules were present in thrombocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils but not in monocytes or lymphocytes. Peroxidase staining was observed in neutrophils of A. ocellatus, H. malabaricus and A. bimaculatus but not in A. nobilis. Monocytes of A. ocellatus, H. malabaricus and A. bimaculatus stained positively for non-specific esterase, whereas those of A. nobilis did not stain. Thrombocytes and leukocytes in all four species were negative for alkaline phosphatase. Neutrophils of A. ocellatus and H. malabaricus may be involved in respiratory burst and may play an important microbicidal role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies revealed an additive cardiodepressive effect of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) and thrombocytes in hearts exposed to a no-flow ischemia. To find out whether or not this is also true for isolated guinea pig hearts exposed to a low-flow ischemia, the current study was performed. PMN or thrombocytes, together or separately, were applied as a 1-min bolus (1,000/μl or 20,000/μl, respectively) during ischemia or in reperfusion in the presence of thrombin (0.3 U/ml perfusate). Recovery of external heart work and intracoronary cell retention were quantified in percent. Sole application of PMN or platelets during ischemia and reperfusion significantly compromised myocardial function, whereas coapplication of PMN and platelets did not exhibit any further cardiodepressive effect. Coapplication of cells almost prevented intracoronary platelet retention during ischemia and in reperfusion, as opposed to sole platelet application. Known blockers of endogenously released anti-platelet substances like nitric oxide, PGI[sub 2] or adenosine did not mediate a further aggravation of myocardial dysfunction. The platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist WEB 2170 BS, however, significantly improved recovery of external heart work during ischemia and in reperfusion. This indicates that an additive cardiodepressive effect of PMN and platelets in working guinea pig hearts exposed to a low-flow ischemia, cannot be demonstrated, whereas PAF antagonists seem to be cardioprotective, under these conditions. Even addition of fibrinogen to the perfusate, did not show an additive cardiodepressive effect of coapplication of PMN and platelets. Copyright © 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary. This placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of Flt-3 ligand (FL) combined with TPO in myelosuppressed rhesus monkeys. The monkeys were subjected to 5 Gy total body irradiation (TBI), resulting in 3 weeks of profound pancytopenia, and received either 5 µg/kg of rhesus TPO i.v. on d 1 (n = 4) and 100 µg/kg/d s.c. human FL (n = 4) or FL alone (n = 4) for 14 consecutive days and were compared with results from a concomitant study involving the administration of TPO alone (n = 4) or placebo (carrier; n = 4). The TPO/FL combination was considerably less effective than TPO alone, with a more profound nadir and a slower recovery to thrombocyte counts > 100 × 109 /l, approaching recovery patterns of placebo controls. Leucocyte regeneration was similar in all animals. Monkeys treated with FL alone displayed a regeneration of reticulocytes and thrombocytes in the lower range of those of the placebo controls. Recovery of bone marrow (BM) cellularity was slightly accelerated in the TPO/FL-treated monkeys, but was not reflected by an increase in progenitor cells, in contrast to TPO alone. Monkeys treated with FL alone showed a BM reconstitution similar to placebo-treated controls. FL by itself was not effective as a therapeutic agent in this model for myelosuppression. As FL also suppressed BM CD34+ cell reconstitution, we concluded that FL competed with TPO at the level of immature cell differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To describe the cross-sectional association of counts of total and subtypes of leukocytes, platelets, and selected characteristics of red blood cells with intensity of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation.METHODS: The study population consisted of 16,254 men and women 20–70 years of age who participated in the Dutch European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC) subcohort, 1995–1997. Linear regression analysis was performed, for both sexes separately, to study the relation between various measurements of smoking habits and hematologic characteristics.RESULTS: Among current smokers, in both genders, packyears and daily number of cigarettes were associated with increased leukocytes (6–19%), lymphocytes (4–14%), monocytes (3–9%), neutrophils (7–24%), platelets (1–5%), mean corpuscular volume (0.4–2%), hematocrit (0.3–4%), hemoglobin (0.3–4%), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (0.8–2%). In subjects who had quitted smoking within two years before blood measurement, hematological characteristics in most cells were similar as in never smokers, whereas normal counts of lymphocytes and monocytes were observed only 2–5 years after quitting.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a marked influence of current smoking habits on leukocyte counts and, to a lesser extent, on counts of erythrocytes and platelets. Following smoking cessation, at least five years have to pass before changes in all hematological parameters may return to normal values. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract Background: Periodontal bacteria are known to invade the systemic circulation. Chronic low-level bacteremia and a systemic inflammatory response have been suggested as a pathogenetic link between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the systemic effect of a non-surgical therapy on white blood cell count (WBC count) and differential blood count in smoking and non-smoking generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) patients. Methods: 27 adult periodontitis patients (13 smokers and 14 non-smokers) with previously untreated GAP were subjected to 3 sessions of oral hygiene procedure. Afterwards, the patients were treated by scaling and root planing under local anaesthesia. Periodontal examinations were performed after supragingival pretreatment and three months after subgingival therapy. Pocket probing depth (PPD) and relative attachment level (RAL) were measured with Florida probe and disc probe. Accompanying clinical evaluation venous blood samples were taken to analyse the WBC counts and differential blood counts. For statistical analysis non-parametric tests were utilized. Results: No clinical or demographic differences were found between smokers (n =13) and non-smokers (n =14). PPD, bleeding on probing (BoP) and suppuration improved significantly after therapy both in smokers and non-smokers. Following periodontal treatment WBC counts, neutrophil and platelet counts decreased significantly in non-smokers (p ≤0.004), while in smokers only platelet counts were significantly reduced (p =0.006). Non-smokers showed a significantly higher reduction of WBC counts (p =0.005) and neutrophils (p =0.001) compared to smokers. Conclusion: The results indicate that a therapeutical intervention may have a systemic effect on the blood count in GAP patients. This effect seems to differ between smokers and non-smokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of various drugs and leucocytopenia (induced by cyclosphamid) on isoproterenol (40 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced cardiac necroses was investigated in female SPF Sprague Dawley rats. The influence of fibrinogen reduction was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 8-15% of the area of 15 cross-sections were evaluated with a computer-aided morphometric device allowing classification of number and area of necroses. The reduction of number and area of necroses amounted to approximately: 50% by prostacyclin analogue, 25% by S inhibition (ketanserin). Inhibition of thromboxane synthesis and fibrinogen reduction from elevated values (200 mg/dl) below the limit of detection by infusion of 35 U/kg Ancrod in SHR had no significant effects, where in SHR only 10 mg/kg isoproterenol were tolerated with a higher extent of necrosis formation. Leucocytopenia caused a reduction of necroses of over 90%. The condition of mismatch of oxygen consumption and supply induced by high doses of isoproterenol can be considered a model of angina pectoris. The effect of leucocytopenia indicates an essential role of leucocytes in necrosis formation in both situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the influence of haemoperfusion on haemodynamics, complement system, leucocyte and thrombocyte concentration, a controlled study was performed in three groups of five dogs each. During the first 30 min of haemoperfusion with columns containing cellulose-coated activated charcoal, a significant decrease of mean aortic pressure, cardiac output and stroke volume was observed, while heart rate and total systemic resistance decreased. A comparable phenomenon, although to a much lesser extent, was observed during perfusion using columns containing polystyrene resin. Perfusion with columns containing cellulose-coated activated charcoal caused a significant decrease in total haemolytic complement, indicating activation of the complement system. A significant decrease in the leucocyte and thrombocyte concentration due to sequestration of granulocytes and thrombocytes in the columns was observed during the first 30 min of perfusion in both groups. Pulmonary leucostasis, without decrease of arterial oxygen tension, occurred during perfusion with columns containing cellulose-coated activated charcoal. Both the simultaneous occurrence and the transient character of the haemodynamic changes, complement activation and sequestration of granulocytes and thrombocytes in the perfusion column suggest a relationship between these various changes. The results stress the importance of close monitoring of the haemodynamic parameters of the intoxicated patient, particularly during the early phase of haemoperfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes serious losses to the grass carp industry. At present, infectious tissues of GCRV have been studied, but target cells remain unclear. In this study, peripheral blood cells were isolated, cultured, and infected with GCRV. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western Blot, indirect immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy observation, a model of GCRV infected blood cells in vitro was established. The experimental results showed GCRV could be detectable in leukocytes only, while erythrocytes and thrombocytes could not. The virus particles in leukocytes are wrapped by empty membrane vesicles that resemble phagocytic vesicles. The empty membrane vesicles of leukocytes are different from virus inclusion bodies in C. idella kidney (CIK) cells. Meanwhile, the expression levels of IFN1, IL-1β, Mx2, TNFα were significantly up-regulated in leukocytes, indicating that GCRV could cause the production of the related immune responses. Therefore, GCRV can infect leukocytes in vitro, but not infect erythrocytes and thrombocytes. Leukocytes are target cells in blood cells of GCRV infections. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the study of the GCRV infection mechanism and anti-GCRV immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]