Introdu??o: A lacta??o das m?es de rec?m-nascidos prematuros ? singular. O inesperado parto antecipado e as especificidades do rec?m-nascido prematuro s?o situa??es que fazem com que esse per?odo seja desafiador para os envolvidos na promo??o do aleitamento materno. Frente a isso, in?meras alternativas s?o usadas para auxiliar nesse processo. O uso de galactagogos ? uma delas, onde a partir a ingest?o destes medicamentos, h? eleva??o dos n?veis de prolactina e, consequentemente, aumento da produ??o de leite. Objetivo: Investigar o uso do f?rmaco sulpirida como auxiliar na promo??o e manuten??o da lacta??o em m?es de rec?m-nascidos pr?-termo de muito baixo peso, internados na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal de um hospital privado de grande porte na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. M?todos: Um estudo transversal retrospectivo incluiu m?es de rec?m-nascidos pr?-termo de muito baixo peso, que permaneceram na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal por pelo menos 30 dias, as quais fizeram esgota mec?nica do leite durante a interna??o dos seus filhos. Foram exclu?das m?es soropositivas para HIV, as que apresentaram problemas de sa?de e aquelas que optaram espontaneamente por n?o amamentar. Os dados foram obtidos dos registros realizados de rotina no setor de coleta de leite e consistiram em volume de leite obtido diariamente por esgota mec?nica, n?mero di?rio de esgotas, uso e dose de medicamentos como auxiliares da lacta??o e poss?veis efeitos colaterais desses medicamentos. Para as m?es que iniciaram a terapia com sulpirida a partir do s?timo dia p?s-parto foi avaliada a varia??o do volume de leite extra?do de forma mec?nica por tr?s dias consecutivos antes do in?cio da terapia e, posteriormente, no terceiro, quinto e s?timo dia. Resultados: Fizeram parte do estudo 68 pu?rperas que preencheram os crit?rios de inclus?o e exclus?o, com m?dia de idade de 34,5?4,2 anos (m?nima de 18 e m?xima de 43 anos), 98,5% de ra?a branca e 65% com ensino superior completo ou incompleto. Sessenta e duas (91,2%) nutrizes fizeram uso de sulpirida; 17 associaram outros f?rmacos adjuvantes na eje??o ou produ??o de leite, sendo que 15 fizeram uso de ocitocina em spray nasal. N?o houve diferen?a entre o volume de leite esgotado entre as m?es que usaram somente sulpirida e as m?es que usaram ocitocina ou outro medicamento galactagogo al?m da sulpirida (p=1,000). N?o foram relatados efeitos colaterais, nem nas m?es nem nos rec?m-nascidos, que pudessem estar associados ao uso da sulpirida, durante o per?odo investigado. Trinta m?es iniciaram o uso de sulpirida ap?s o s?timo dia p?s-parto. Entre estas, a mediana do volume di?rio de leite esgotado antes do uso de sulpirida foi de 34 ml (intervalo interquartil 18,3-71,7) e ap?s a sulpirida foi de 54 ml (intervalo interquartil 28,8-89,9) (p=0,001). A m?dia do n?mero de esgotas realizadas diariamente no momento pr?-sulpirida foi de 2,13?0,80 vezes, e p?s-sulpirida foi de 2,02?0,83 vezes (p=0,194). O grupo que iniciou com sulpirida ap?s o 14? dia p?s-parto apresentou uma tend?ncia a maior volume de leite, por?m a diferen?a n?o foi significativa (p=0,158). Houve aumento significativo no volume de leite esgotado mecanicamente somente no grupo que iniciou ap?s o 14? dia (p=0,002). No grupo que iniciou do s?timo ao 14? dia, a diferen?a n?o foi significativa (p=0,117). Em rela??o ? dosagem da sulpirida, n?o houve diferen?a significativa no aumento do volume de leite em rela??o ? dose de um, dois ou tr?s comprimidos (50 a 150 mg por dia). Conclus?es: Foi grande a frequ?ncia de uso de sulpirida como auxiliar da lacta??o nas m?es estudadas. Houve um aumento significativo do volume de leite esgotado de forma mec?nica, comparando o volume obtido antes do uso de qualquer medicamento galactagogo com o obtido posteriormente ao tratamento com sulpirida, nas m?es que iniciaram o uso do medicamento ap?s o s?timo dia p?s-parto, particularmente nas que iniciaram a sulpirida ap?s o 14? dia p?s-parto. Entretanto, o volume de leite materno obtido, tanto antes como depois da terapia, foi baixo em compara??o a relatos publicados e ao volume associado ? manuten??o posterior do aleitamento materno nos rec?m-nascidos pr?-termo. O n?mero m?dio de esgotas mec?nicas di?rias das mamas foi muito baixo em rela??o ?s recomenda??es vigentes. A dosagem de sulpirida utilizada foi a indicada nos estudos publicados. N?o houve diferen?a no volume de leite em rela??o ? dose de sulpirida. Houve uso de outros medicamentos aliados ? sulpirida, principalmente de ocitocina por via nasal, n?o se observando diferen?a no volume de leite esgotado entre as m?es que utilizaram somente a sulpirida e aquelas que associaram outros f?rmacos. N?o foi observada nenhuma rea??o adversa que pudesse ser atribu?da ao uso de sulpirida, nem nas m?es nem nos rec?m-nascidos. Introduction: Lactation of mothers of premature infants is unique. Unexpected early delivery, abrupt separation between mother and child, and specificities of the premature newborn are situations that make this period challenging for all those involved in promoting breastfeeding, so important for the child's survival and development. Faced with this, numerous alternatives are used to assist in this process. The use of galactagogues is one of them, in which the puerperas use drugs that act in the central nervous system in order to rise the levels of prolactin and, consequently, to increase the milk production. Objective: To investigate the use of the drug sulpiride as an aid in the promotion and maintenance of lactation in mothers of very low birth weight preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a large private hospital in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study included mothers of very low birth weight preterm infants who remained at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for at least 30 days, who underwent mechanical extraction of milk during the hospitalization of their children. HIV seropositive mothers, those with health problems and those who spontaneously chose not to breastfeed were excluded. The data were obtained from the routinely performed records in the milk collection sector and consisted in the volume of milk obtained daily by mechanical exhaustion, daily number of drains, use and dose of drugs as lactation aids and possible side effects of these drugs. For the mothers who started sulpiride therapy after the seventh day postpartum, the volume of mechanically extracted milk was evaluated for three consecutive days before the start of therapy and, later, on the third, fifth and seventh day. Results: The study included 68 women who completed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Their mean age was 34.5?4.2 years (minimum 18 and maximum 43 years), 98.5% were white and 65% had complete or incomplete higher education. Sixty-two (91.2%) nursing mothers took sulpiride; 17 associated other adjuvant drugs in the ejection or production of milk, 15 of which used nasal spray oxytocin. There was no difference in the volume of depleted milk comparing the mothers who used only sulpiride and the mothers who used oxytocin or a galactagogue drug besides sulpiride (p=1,000). No side effects have been reported, in either the mothers or the newborns, which might be associated with sulpiride during the investigated period. Thirty mothers initiated the use of sulpiride after the seventh day postpartum. Among these, the median daily volume of milk extracted prior to the use of sulpiride was 34 ml (interquartile range 18.3-71.7) and after sulpiride was 54 ml (interquartile range 28.8-89.9) (p=0.001). The mean number of pumping sessions performed daily at pre-sulpiride was 2.13?0.80 times, and post-sulpiride was 2.02?0.83 times (p=0.194). The group that started with sulpiride after the 14th day postpartum presented a trend towards a higher volume of milk, but the difference was not significant (p=0.158). There was a significant increase in the volume of mechanically collected milk only in the group that started sulpiride after the 14th day (p=0.002). In the group that started between seven and 14 days, the difference was not significant (p=0.117). Regarding the dosage of sulpiride used, there was no significant difference in the increase in the volume of milk in relation to the dose of one, two or three tablets Conclusion: Sulpiride was frequently used as an adjunct to lactation in the studied mothers. There was a significant increase in the volume of mechanically depleted milk, comparing the volume obtained before the use of any galactagogue drug with that obtained after treatment with sulpiride, in the mothers who started using the drug after the seventh day postpartum, particularly in those who started sulpiride after the 14th day postpartum. However, the volume of breast milk obtained both before and after therapy was low in comparison to published reports and with the volume associated with subsequent maintenance of breastfeeding in preterm infants. The mean number of daily mechanical pumping sessions of the breasts was very low compared to the current recommendations. The dosage of sulpiride was that indicated in published studies. There was no difference in the volume of milk extracted in relation to the dose of sulpiride. There were other drugs associated with sulpiride, mainly nasal oxytocin, and no difference was observed in the volume of milk between mothers who used sulpiride alone and those who used other drugs. No side effects that could be attributed to the use of sulpiride were observed in either the mothers or the newborns. Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES