Search

Spare time is a significant social context that may promote adolescents’ positive development and prevent risk behaviour. This research is aimed to identify patterns of adolescents' behaviour during spare time and groups of adolescents clustered by similar preferences related to their leisure activities and interests. The sample consisted of 1349 first and third grade secondary school students (56% female, 51% first grade) from 10 different cities in Serbia. The questionnaire was distributed to students in schools and included groups of closed-type questions, mainly with 5-point scale, related to: hobbies, different themes/shows in media, listening to music, going out, attending cultural and sports events, activities on Internet and social network usage. The Principal axis factoring with Varimax rotation was applied on 49 items and based on the extracted factors a Hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward’s method) was conducted consequently. The KMO and Bartlett’s test of sphericity verified the sampling adequacy (KMO = .822 χ 2 (1176) = 18712, p = .001). The ten factors solution explaining 54.5% of variance was chosen (according to eigenvalues, scree-plot and interpretability) including following factors: IT, Pop culture, Reflective & Complex music, Intense & rebellious music, Science and culture, Politics, Going out, Sports, Films and TV shows, Online communication. Obtained factor composite scores were generated and used in following cluster analysis, which revealed 5 groups of adolescents. The first Up to date cluster (13%) includes adolescents interested in science, culture and politics who prefer Reflective & Complex music. In the second cluster (21%) are adolescents prone to Mainstream culture following pop culture and watching films and TV shows. Sport fans are in the third cluster (25%). IT "nerds" is the fourth group (11%) which practices IT and listens to Intense & Rebellious music. The fifth and the largest group of adolescents (30%) are Typical adolescents, who do and like everything young people prefer, but nothing in particular. They follow pop culture, more than politics or science, prefer pop music than other genres, go out, watch films and series, and spend time on online communication. Similar to previous studies, fun, unstructured and passive activities are the most prominent in the leisure time of adolescents. The results are discussed in the light of possible consequences on adolescents’ development and wellbeing.

Background Music plays an important role in adolescents’ leisure time concerning the time they spend in listening to music, following music themes in media and engaging themselves in extra-curricular music activities and hobbies (playing, composing, singing) (Schwartz & Fouts, 2003). From a socio-cultural perspective, music represents a significant cultural tool for personal development, especially in the domains of values and aesthetic standards (North, & Hargreaves, 2008). Some authors claim that the present adolescent generation differs from the previous generations in terms of music preferences and practices concerning new types of music and new media (Petrović & Kuzmanović, 2009). Aims Our main goal was to detect adolescents’ groups regarding their interests and engagement in music activities. Method The sample includes 1358 secondary school students. From the questioner, developed for the wider study of free time of adolescents, 23 items related to music preferences and activities (extracurricular, hobbies) were selected. Results Cluster analysis was used in order to identify adolescent groups on the basis of their preferences, engagement with music and following of music themes in different media. Analysis identified 4 groups of youngsters that were interpreted through 3 statistically significant discriminative functions, and 80% of the respondents were classified correctly. The first adolescent group prefers metal, punk and rock music, don’t listen to folk music and don’t play music (15% of the sample). 184 Psihologija i muzika • Psychology and Music PAM – IE Conference, 24–26. October 2019, Belgrade The second group listens to folk music and do not prefer techno, electro and hip-hop music (24%). The third group prefers folk music and follows musical themes on media (27%). Finally, the largest fourth group (32% of the sample) doesn’t listen to folk music, doesn’t follow musical themes and, besides that, does not have any clear musical tendencies and preferences. Conclusions Our results show that it is possible to differentiate adolescents regarding their music orientations unlike some predictions about the lack of various preferences within the new young generation (Petrović & Kuzmanović, 2009). It is obvious that two groups of respondents incline toward folk music and that one of them follows themes about music in media. This implies the strong media influence on adolescents’ preferences, which is in accordance with youth idols research results (Stepanović, Blažanin & Mojović, 2017), and raises a question about the quality of contents in contemporary media. One-third of adolescents is not interested in music. Besides, our data show that adolescents rarely take part in activities and hobbies related to music which leaves no space for the development of interests and engagement that could be associated with the concepts of positive development and structurally founded leisure time activities (Larson, 2000; Stebbins, 1997). M 34 Saopštenje sa međunarodnog skupa štampano u izvodu

This paper is based on the concept of positive youth development and the formative role of leisure activities on identity formation and youngsters’ growth. The aim is to investigate if there is a relationship between adolescents’ hobbies and role models important for particular interests’ appearance but also for cognitive and social development. Students (N=1404 from primary and secondary school) estimated, in a form of questionnaire, how often in their leisure time they are engaged in 9 hobbies (e.g. blog writing; drawing/painting; graphic design; computer programming). They also answered the name of the public person they admire and why. Those answers are classified into 6 idol types within different domains: show business; sport; politics; science and art; entrepreneurship and fiction. This research has revealed the relationship showing that students practicing hobbies differ from those who do not regarding idol preferences. The most salient finding shows that adolescents admiring sportsmen do not incline to hobby practicing. Adolescents who take up hobbies prefer idols from show business, science/art and politics. Besides there are differences in number of hobbies regarding idol type preferences and differences in idol type preferences regarding how often adolescents practice hobbies. M 33 Saopštenje sa međunarodnog skupa štampano u celini

How adolescents spend their leisure time has proven to be important for their well-being. The aim of this work was to determine if there are connections between certain patterns of leisure time behaviors and specific aspects of well-being. The sample included 1358 secondary school students. Seven leisure time patterns were extracted and latent variables interpreted as an orientation towards Pop Culture, Culture/Art/Music, Films/TV-Shows/Internet, Science/ Politics, Information Technologies, Going Out, and Sports. Well-being scales include the following five aspects: Engagement (E), Perseverance (P), Optimism (O), Connectedness (C), and Happiness (H). Although small, significant positive correlations were found between Pop Culture and P, O, C, H; b) Culture/Art/Music and E; c) Films/TV-Shows/Internet and E; d) Science/Politics and P, O; e) IT and E, P; f) Going Out and O, C, H; g) Sports and E, P, O, H. Pop Culture, Going Out, and Sports contributed most to the total well-being variance and might be proven overall beneficial. Orientations towards science, politics, and IT are considered more serious activities that require perseverance over time. Only for perusing Culture/Art/Music negative correlations were found, indicating lower degrees of connectedness and happiness. In conclusion, certain leisure time behavior patterns are related to different aspects of adolescents’ well-being. M 33