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Leaf springs are designed to bear loads as well as shocks in automotive vehicles. Two leaves of glass fiber-reinforced composites (GFRCs) of various shapes sandwiched between steel plates were analyzed for application in a minitruck. Computer-aided engineering analysis was performed for five different types of GFRC material leaf springs: flat leaf, flat and parabolic leaf, both parabolic leaf, both parabolic leaf springs with aluminium alloy bushes at the eye-end and spring steel multi-leaf springs. A silencer pad was used in the parabolic leaf spring to reduce delamination and vibration at contact points of the mating leaf. The various shapes and combinations of leaves provided varying parameters, namely, the deformation, maximum equivalent strain, maximum equivalent stress and fatigue life. The CAE results showed that compared with the other combinations, the flat leaf and parabolic leaf combinations provided the maximum equivalent strain, maximum equivalent stress and fatigue life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the feasibility of a transversely isotropic approach to assess the strength properties during the design of a composite leaf spring. A modified Arcan test setup was developed to test the strength properties of the used non-crimp fabric based material in all orthotropic directions. Through comparisons with standardized coupon test methods for fiber-reinforced materials, a notch stress factor for tensile and shear load was derived. Our results indicate that fabric influences the material's strength, and the assumption of transverse isotropy behavior is invalid. The measured transverse tensile strength was lower by a factor of 2.2 in the out-of-plane direction than in the in-plane direction, possibly leading to a lower resistance of leaf springs against delamination. Process induced differences did not significantly affect the measured strength in the tested directions. These findings will be useful in developing leaf springs with increased fatigue resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]