Search

"n Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Background: The insertion depth of tracheal tube differs based on sex, age, position of head and neck, type of surgery, and anatomical consideration. The aim of this study was to determine the airway related distances in Iranian patients with a non-invasive, and accurate method, the computerized reconstruction of High Resolution CT (HRCT); Virtual Bronchoscopy."n"n Methods: A total of 140 Iranian patients who became candidate for sinus and chest tomography, were enrolled in a cross- sectional study in Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran, from 2006 to 2008. After reconstruction of airway related distances, Incisor- Vocal cord (IVD), Vocal cord- Carina (VCD) and Incisor- Carinal (ICD) Distances were determined."n"n Results: A total of 140 patients were evaluated, while 70(50%) were male. There was no statistically significant difference between age groups, sex and BMI in study patients. The measured IVD were 145.5±9.7 (males), 127.29±6.3 (females) and 136.43±12.29mm (total). For VCD, the distances were 131±13.99 (males), 122.59±11.7 (females), and 127.09±13.65mm (total). The measures for ICD in males, females, and total of patients were 277.17±16.63, 249.88±11.54, and 263.52±19.66mm respectively."n"n Conclusion: The insertion depth for fixation of endotracheal tube in Iranian adult patients is the same as that of anesthesia textbooks. There were no statistically significant difference between our study data and previously measured distances using invasive and less accurate methods. Virtual bronchoscopy is a noninvasive and accurate method based on reconstruction of computed tomographic images and the reconstructed images of tomography could be useful in measuring and assessment of airway anatomy.

Background: Imaging abnormalities in the paranasal sinuses are regularly noted as incidental findings on MRI, however, little is known about their prevalence in the Iranian population. The purpose of this study was to classify these findings in the paranasal sinuses as seen on MRI and to investigate the prevalence, according to site and type of paranasal abnormality. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the T2-weighted axial MRI of 256 patients with diseases unrelated to their paranasal sinuses were reviewed between May 2002 and June 2003. The findings were categorized according to the anatomic location and the imaging characteristics of the abnormality. The abnormalities recorded included total sinus opacification, mucoperiosteal thickening >5mm, air fluid levels and retention cysts or polyps. Unilateral or bilateral involvement and septal deviation were also noted. A sinus was considered normal if it was fully aerated and no soft-tissue density was apparent within the cavity. Results: Among our cases, 111 (43.5%) were male and 145 (56.5%) were female. Of these patients, abnormalities in one or more of the sinus groups were found in 110 subjects (42.9%), 55.5% of which were male and 44.5% were female (P=0.001). Maxillary sinus abnormalities were observed in 66.4% of the patients, while ethmoid sinus abnormalities were found in 63.6%. Of the ethmoid abnormalities, 21% were found in the anterior section, 9% in the middle ethmoid, and 8% in the posterior ethmoid. The most common abnormality found was mucosal thickening. Among our cases, 23.4% had septal deviation, which was significantly higher among those with sinusitis (29% versus 19.1%; P

Background: This investigation was conducted in order to study angiographic findings in patients with cerebral aneurysm. Materials and Methods: The study conducted on 136 cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysms between 1995-2000 confirmed by means of 4-vessel cerebral angiography to get an insight to racial, geographic and environmental factors predisposing to the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage and aneurysm formation. Results: The data analysis revealed the following results: 58% of the population comprised of male and 42% female with a mean age of 46 years. 89% of the aneurysms were found in the anterior circulation and 11% occurred in the posterior cerebral circulation. The most common site in both the sexes was the anterior communicating artery. 9.6% of the patients displayed two separate aneurysms. 5.2% of the aneurysms were found to be giant aneurysms and 3% of the patients had fusiform aneurysms. Conclusion: The low average age, a predilection in male population and the prevalence of aneurysms at carotid and middle cerebral artery bifurcation and the distal branches of anterior cerebral artery and a higher incidence of anterior communicating artery in women were the findings observed in this study.

Low back pain is among the most frequent medical complaints and a major public health problem. 1.7 percent of cases are caused by herniated disc, 20 percent of which require interventional treatment. Percutaneous laser disc decompression (P.L.DD) can be considered as an effective therapeutic alternative in certain cases."nMaterials and Methods: To determine the efficacy of this method in Iran in patient's with low back pain due to disc herniation, 40 patients according to medical history, physical examination and MRI findings were selected for this study. Patients who had canal stenosis, marginal, osteophyte, advanced disc dehydration, ruptured posterior ligament and other contraindication were excluded. CT scan was used only for needle navigation. After proper positioning of needle, nucleous pulposus was evapourated with Nd-YAG laser. Total energy was 1200-1600j. The procedure was done out patient and follow up has been done at 1 day, 1 week, 1,3, 6 and 12 months."nResults: There was no serious complication. 80 percent of patients in one-year follow up showed significant clinical improvement."nConclusion: Our findings suggests that percutaneous laser disc decompression can be considered as an effective alternative method of treatment for disc herniation and patient selection is the critical factor which determines success rate.

The nodular thyroid diseas is one of the most common disturbances o the thyroid gland wheras malignant tumors are among the most unusual entities of it. Not only differentiation of these two spectra but also the problems to achieve early diagnosis and treatment, have been a matter of concern, research, and controversy. Two hundred patients were assessed at the Cancer institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital as a retrospective research, considering the aim of evaluating and comparing the results of ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology with the postoperative histopathologic report. The ultrosound findings included location, number, size, feature, echogenicity, and presence of calcification; and those of the fine needle aspiration cytology consisted of benign, malignant, and suspicious samples. The cases mentioned as recurrent cancer or metastases of previous thyroid cancer were omitted from the study. In this research we found a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of 92.3% , 76.4% and 88.1%, respectively , for fine needle aspiration cytology and also showed that the sensitivity and accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of malignant lesions of solid nodules was more than in cystic or mixed nodules of thyroid. Moreover, the incidence of false negatives in malignant cases of the studied sample was 7.7% (11/43). This rate was very higher in mixed and cystic lesions compared to benign ones (20% versus 5.7%). According to ultrasound findings, we showed that micro-calcificantion had a significant higher frequency in malignant nodules in comparision with the benign ones (4% in benign lesions versus 35% in malignant ones). The rate of malignancy in solid lesions revealed a significant increment compared to cystic and mixed nodules (P

CT image quality has been affected by many factors such as KVP, ma, exposure time, alogorithm and section thickness. Gantry tilt has the main role in visualization of the temporal bone anatomic structures. In this study, we tried to optimize these factors to determine the best gantry tilt. This study was performed on the human skull phantom and then extended to 15 patients. The phantom was made by inserting a normal human dry skull into a water- filled radiolucent cylindrical container. A lateral scout view was obtained and the OMBL (orbitomeatal baseline) was used as the anatomical landmark.The phantom was scanned in 9, 15 , 30 , 45, 60 , 75, 90,105, 120 degree in relation to OMBL and 24 important anatomical structures were evaluated in each. Kilovoltage of 80, 120, 140 millimeters of 40, 70, 100, 120, 140, 170, 200, 240, exposue time of 2, 2, 4 second , algorithm of smooth, soft, standard, detail, bone adge and section thickness of 1.5, 3,5 millimeter were studied separately. In general, most of the anatomical structures are well demonstrated in 0 or 30 degrees of axial scans and 90 or 105 degrees in coronal scans. The best imaging techniques in Kv=140, Ma=100, S=2 seconds, algorithm of edge or bone, section thickness of 1.5 millimeter for small structures and 3 millineters for greater ones.The best 3-D image is provided by 3 millimeter slice thickness without overlapping but they couldn’t assist in diagnosis of our patient’s diseases. In indirect sagital reformatted images, the greater anatomical structures such as vestibule and cochlea are also shown, but they are recommended due to the slight degradation of the images and some loss of resolution.