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Introduction Isoniazid is a drug for treatment of tuberculosis. One of the main side effects of this drug is hepatotoxicity, which is a major cause of treatment interruption in tuberculosis. This study is about the preventive effect of Salep on this side effect of isoniazid. Materials and methods This study is an experimental study in which the preventive effect of salep on isoniazid hepatotoxicity is evaluated. In this study 56 rats were randomly placed in 7 eight members groups including: control group, sham, isoniazid and four isoniazid/salep groups. At the end of the study the laboratory criteria and histological features of liver toxicity were compared in different mentioned groups. Results Significant lower serum levels of liver enzymes, billirubin, MDA and TOC; and significant higher levels of TAC and total proteins, were revealed in isoniazid/salep group in compare to isoniazid alone group. In addition, histological studies had not showed liver injury in isoniazid/salep group, while there was significant liver injury in isoniazid alone group. Conclusions Orchid extract (salep), probably because of its antioxidant properties, prevent the destructive effects of isoniazid on the liver., Graphical abstract Image 1

Free radicals and oxidation of germ cells in the testis tissue can reduce sperm levels and cause infertility in men. Silymarinisis a compound with antioxidant effects. So, this study is aimed to evaluate the effects of Silymarinison spermatogenesis, tissue changes of testis and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis processes in rats. 40 adult male Wistar rats were prepared and divided into 5 groups including control, sham and experimental groups receiving silymarinat. Blood samples wereobtained and serum LH, FSH, GnRH and testosterone levels were measured. Testicular tissue sections were prepared and spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoids, Sertoli and Leydigcells were counted by light microscopy. One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and Duncan test at significance level of p≤0.05 were used to analyze the data. The mean concentrations of FSH, GnRH and LH hormones in experimental groups receiving silymarin at concentration of 150 mg/kg showed a significant increase compared to the control group. Silymarin at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg/kg significantly increased testosterone hormone compared to the control group. Silymarin at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg/kg significantly increased the number of spermatids and spermatozoa cells compared to the control group. Due to the antioxidant property of silymarin, this compound increases the secretion of LH, FSH, GnRH and testosterone and the number of spermatids and spermatozoa cells in rats.

Thyroid is a very important endocrine gland in living organisms which regulates almost all bodily functions. The aim of the presentstudy is to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Dactylorhiza maculateroots on hypothalamic- pituitary-thyroidaxishormones in adult female rats. Fifty adult female rats were randomly divided into control group, sham group (receiving distilled water) and three experimental groups (receiving aqueous extract of Dactylorhiza maculaterootat a dose of 20, 40 and 80 mg kg-1) each consisting of 10 rats. Intra-peritoneal injections were carried out for 28 days. The injection volume was 2.0 ml in all groups. On the twenty-ninth day, blood samples were taken from the rats to investigate the serum levels of the HPTaxis hormones. Data were analyzed bySPSS (Version 15). Comparisons were carried out employing one-way ANOVA and Duncan's test. The doses of 20 and 40 mgkg-1 of aqueous extract of Dactylorhiza maculaterootshad no significant impact on the serum levels of TRH, TSH, T3 and T4 hormones. However, a dose of 80 mg kg-1 significantly reduced the serumlevels of TRH, TSH, T3 and T4 hormones as compared to the control group (P

Malathion is an organophosphate pesticide which is widely used in agriculture, veterinary and industries. Oxidative stress has been identified as one of Malathion’s main molecular mechanisms of action in plasma, liver, pancreas, muscles and the brain. Green tea (Camellia sinensis), which is the most common drink across the world after water, has many antioxidant properties. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of Malathion on the liver and the preventive effects of green tea on Malathion-induced poisoning. Seventy-two Wistar male rats were randomly divided into the control, the sham, and the experimental groups (receiving respectively 40 mg/kg of Malathion; 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of green tea; and 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of Malathion and green tea respectively). All injections were performed intraperitoneally for 14 consecutive days. On the 15th day, blood samples were taken from the hearts of the rats to measure serum level of hepatic enzymes, and their liver tissues were removed to be studied. To do the statistical analysis One-way ANOVA test and Duncan’s test at the 5% significance level were used. aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Total Oxidation Capacity(TOC) concentrations in the treatment groups with Malathion and green tea extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses showed a significant decline compared to the Malathion group(p

Paraquat is a common herbicide that is used in agriculturem, and Liver damage is a severe complication after its consumption in mammals, which can be prevented by antioxidants. With due attention to the various nutritional materials and antioxidants in aloe vera (a medicinal plant), evaluation of its effect on prevention of paraquat induced hepatotoxity was the goal of this study. In this experimental study, 72 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into control, sham, and 7experimental groups. In experimental groups paraquat with various doses of aloe vera is given to the mice for 2 weeks. After that liver enzymes and histologic changes were compared in different groups. In first experimental group (in which paraquat alone was administered), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations were significantly elevated in compare to the control and sham groups (p

Background and objective: The growing trend of obesity is one of the biggest health challenges in the world. Stimulating the metabolism and increasing in energy using plant materials is one of the considerable methods to treat obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of orchid plant roots on colecystokinin hormone serum levels and body weight in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 50 adult male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups equally: control (no drug), sham(which received 1 ml of distilled water), the experimental group 1 (receiver 20 mg / kg aqueous extract of orchid plant roots), experimental group 2 (receiving 40 mg / kg aqueous extract of orchid ) and experimental group 3 (receiver 80 mg / kg aqueous extract of orchid plant). In the experimental groups, the extract was injected intraperitoneally for 28 days. In the twenty-ninth day, the mice were bled for the assessment of colecystokinin hormone serum level. Body weight was measured daily throughout the experiment. Findings: the dose-dependently injection of the aqueous extract of the orchid plant roots led to a significant increase in colesyctokitin hormone serum level and significant decrease in food intake and body weight in comparison to control (p

Background: Using the Salep as an energetic drug and sexual stamina enhancer is common in traditional medicine. This study aims to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Salep on serum level of progesterone and LH hormones in the female rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult female Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups: control (no drug), sham (which received 1 ml distilled water), the experimental group 1 (recipient of 20 mg / kg aqueous extract of Salep), the experimental group 2 (recipient of 40 mg / kg aqueous extract of Salep) and experimental group 3 (recipient of 80 mg / kg aqueous extract of Salep). In the experimental groups the extract was injected intraperitoneally for 28 days. At the end of the experimental term, the mice were bled to examine the serum level of the progesterone and LH hormones (p