Search

The Indian leopard, Panthera pardus fusca is mostly found in India, Nepal, Bhutan including in some parts of Pakistan and Bangla Desh (Stein et al., 2016; Kabir et al., 2017). Except for the mangrove forests, it inhabits tropical rain forests, dry deciduous forests, temperate forests and northern coniferous forests (Nowel & Jackson, 1996). Leopard and human conflict issue have been seen to increase in the recent years (Constant et al., 2015; Partasasmita et al., 2016). It is only due to their loss in habitat resultant the unavailability of wild prey for them. Our domestic animals like goat, cow, pigs, and dogs attracted Leopard towards our settlement. However, time to time India's Forest Department is installing traps wherever the human-leopard conflicts are feeling to be increased. In addition to it continuous monitoring of the carnivores in forest areas by various means gives us the information about their occurrences and behaviours. Advance techniques in the field of wildlife science increase the scope in this regard too. Camera trapping is one of the most potent technique to sensor the animals as well as to know their behaviours (Ancrenaz et al., 2012).

AreaSurveyed and Methodology: TheTiger ( ) isanendangered carnivorewithuncertaindemographicstatusspanning 13 Asian countries. Due to its larger body size and carnivorous diet in nature it always occurs at low population densities. Further prey depletion due to overhunting (Karanth & Stith, 1998), poaching, habitat shrinkage (Kenny 1995, Wcs, 1995) and direct killing altogether have also become a major factor fordepletion of wild tigerpopulations tiger. Monitoring the abundance and itsalteration is always important for the effective management of endangered species. Tiger is categorized as “Endangered” on the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2008) and listed under Schedule-I of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 in India and Appendix-I of the CITES. Leopard ( ) is also included in the ScheduleI of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and is placed under “Least Concern” category of 2002 IUCN Red List of threatened animals. Similipal Tiger Reserve is one of the largest Tiger Reserves of India with an area of 2750 km . Therefore we have to depend mainly on the direct sightings and evidence records of the animals to analysis the status and distribution pattern of these two big cats in thecoreareaof thisTigerReserve. Population estimation of carnivores is extremely diff icult owing to an extensive spatio-temporal distribution, secretive life, wide ranging behaviour, low detectability and low densities. Accurate information on copious and gradual alterations in copiousness is highly important for the effective management of endangered species (Gibbs 1999). Assessment of copiousness forany sly species having low density and wide ranging is highly required in terms and resources (Jhala 2011). Today, though the whole world is concerning towards conservation of big carnivores with respect to their ambient ecosystem, but yet no concrete success we have got to check their continual declinations.

LocationunderWatched forMigratory Birds: Water birds play a major part in our ecosystem. Besides ecological, this group has various social and economic importance for which species should be conserved on a priority basis. Mayurbhanj is the district of Orissa inhibiting great wildlife diversity, where Similipal National Park is covering the largest area. This is a part of Eastern Ghat which is endowed with rich biodiversity. This study was conducted to know the diversity of waterfowl in this particular area as most of which are seasonal migratory. In this article, I am presenting the list of water fowls time to time observed by me and my staff in thestudyarea.