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One of the main issues in the present and upcoming decades is the improvement of natural resource use efficiencies. The industrial use of water is preferred as a target for the implementation of sustainable models of water management with the purpose of reducing the use of this resource and generates less waste. This study aims the application of the Water Source Diagram (WSD) method in paper industry, typology associated to high wastewater generation, as a potential strategy to achieve sustainable industrial processes through wastewater reuse. Operational data from paper industry were provided by previous works. Two scenarios of freshwater consumption were generated to model the system. Both cases showed that the freshwater consumption may be reduced over 30.22%, in relation to the baseline of no reuse. The efficiency of the WSD was also compared to other results reported in the literature. Although economic evaluation has not been addressed in this work, the method could be considered as a strategic tool for decision making. Uno de los principales problemas de la presente y las próximas décadas es la mejora de la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos naturales. Se prefiere el uso industrial del agua como objetivo para la implementación de modelos sostenibles de gestión del agua con el propósito de reducir el uso de este recurso y generar menos residuos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo la aplicación del método Diagrama de fuente de agua (DFA) en la industria papelera, tipología asociada a alta generación de aguas residuales, como una estrategia potencial para lograr procesos industriales sostenibles a través de la reutilización de aguas residuales. Los datos operativos de la industria del papel fueron proporcionados por trabajos anteriores. Se generaron dos escenarios de consumo de agua dulce para modelar el sistema. Ambos casos mostraron que el consumo de agua dulce puede reducirse más del 30,22%, en relación con la línea de base de no reutilización. La eficiencia del DFA también se comparó con otros resultados reportados en la literatura. Si bien la evaluación económica no se ha abordado en este trabajo, el método podría considerarse como una herramienta estratégica para la toma de decisiones. Um dos principais problemas nas décadas atuais e nas próximas é a melhoria da eficiência do uso dos recursos naturais. O uso industrial da água é preferido como alvo para a implantação de modelos sustentáveis de gestão da água com o objetivo de reduzir o uso desse recurso e gerar menos resíduos. Este estudo visa à aplicação do método Diagrama de Fontes de Água (DFA) na indústria de papel, tipologia associada à alta geração de efluentes, como uma estratégia potencial para alcançar processos industriais sustentáveis por meio do reuso de efluentes. Os dados operacionais da indústria de papel foram fornecidos por trabalhos anteriores. Dois cenários de consumo de água doce foram gerados para modelar o sistema. Ambos os casos mostraram que o consumo de água doce pode ser reduzido em mais de 30,22%, em relação à linha de base de não reutilização. A eficiência do DFA também foi comparada com outros resultados relatados na literatura. Embora a avaliação econômica não tenha sido abordada neste trabalho, o método pode ser considerado uma ferramenta estratégica para a tomada de decisões.

It is identified the number of operations on cargo processing in containers in the sea ports of Ukraine and build a logical model of the relationship for the members of cargo service. It is developed a network model of cargo processing in containers in the sea ports of Ukraine as a tool for coordination of operations during processing. The used method allows creating an effective cargo processing plan and identifying and reducing the period of container location with cargo in the port

The objectives The work was carried out for extraction of natural anthrasesamones from roots of Sesamum Indicum using different organic solvents and utilization of extracts as catalyst in pulping with sodium hydroxide for a by-product of sugar industry (Sudanese bagasse). Results Sesamum Indicum roots when extracted with ethanol, it gave the highest extracts yield % (0.964), followed by ethyl acetate, chloroform, dichloromethane and petroleum ether extracts. The chemical pulping of Bagasse was done by using of sodium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide with anthraquinone, and sodium hydroxide with extract instead of anthraquinone keeping constant conditions at temperature 160 °C and applied sodium oxide 10.9% and time was 120 min, gave promising screened yield between 49.84 and 53.68%, bleachable kappa number between 15.57 and 8.26 for sodium hydroxide only and cooking with sodium hydroxide with anthraquinone. Cooking with sodium hydroxide of bagasse with anthrasesamones gave good pulping yields and kappa number. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4075-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Thailand has an increasing demand for housing and infrastructure. This leads to increased amounts of construction and demolition (C&D) wastes. Most of the C&D wastes are reusable and recyclable. However, without proper waste management these wastes are mostly dumped into landfills without being sorted. This study utilizes a system dynamics (SD) approach to examine the feasibility of the reverse logistics implementation in C&D waste management in the long term. The focus material is paper waste, as it is one of the major wastes that can be recycled and remanufactured. The dynamic model consists of three reverse logistics options, including landfill, recycled, and remanufactured options. Costs involved in the implementation are labor, transportation, landfilling, recycling, and remanufacturing costs. Benefits, on the other hand, include sales of recycled and remanufactured products, energy savings, and green image savings. The simulation results reveal that the reverse logistics program should be implemented for at least three years to achieve positive net profit. The implementation should also be continued until the end of year 9 to be worth the investment, with the internal rate of return exceeding 12%.It is also suggested that the recycling and remanufacturing options should be promoted in long term in order to save landfill space and promote green image of the industry

This research aims to evaluate the suitability of cryptocurrency as money from the Islamic perspective. Money, in the Islamic perspective, has specific characteristics and requirements, such as stability and is based on assets. Cryptocurrency may not fulfil this as it has queries as money from the Islamic perspective. The research method applied data of 23 cryptocurrency prices and related information. The result shows that cryptocurrency is hugely volatile and has limits to being called ‘money,’ as it is limited and used for speculation, which is prohibited in Islam. The research implies that Muslims would be reluctant to use cryptocurrency as money, as a currency of transaction. This reason raise an expectation that the cryptocurrency will not develop rapidly in Muslim countries., Cryptocurrency; money; islamic; paper; gold; coin; Financial economics; Financial market; International Finance; Public Finance; Money; Religion; Economics

Biodeterioration of paper and parchment in ancient books and documents represents a cause of great concern for libraries and archives all over the world. The degradation processes occurring in paper, typically occur over extended timescales (~20 to >200 years). The study of the mechanisms underlying the microbiological attack of historical materials has been widely practiced and still represents one of the main focuses of those institutions and laboratories that are involved in cultural heritage conservation. A total of seventy historical manuscripts stored in different public and personal libraries were sampled for isolation and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria. The age of the manuscripts varied from 170-1030 years old. The characterization of the bacterial isolates was based on colony morphology, biochemical test and their ability to hydrolyze cellulose. Fourty nine bacterial isolates including 46 gram positive rods and 3 gram positive cocci were purified for further characterization. Fourty six gram positive isolates were sporeformers belonging to the genus Bacillus. Iodine solution was used to detect cellulolytic activity on CMC agar.. Results have shown that 16% of the isolates were weak producers, 53% moderate, 21% high and 10% v. high producers. Keywords: cellulolytic bacteria, historic documents,paper, deterioration. Corresponding author E-mail: shababa_bahjat@yahoo.com

A análise morfométrica das fibras das folhas de Astrocaryum murumuru var. murumuru Mart. revelou que as fibras do pecíolo apresentaram comprimento e espessura da parede superiores às regiões da ráquis e folíolo, com médias variando de 1.266,09 µm a 3.270,56 µm e 5,56 µm a 10,67 µm, respectivamente. Em relação ao índice de Runckel e coeficiente de flexibilidade, as regiões pecíolo e ráquis obtiveram valores considerados favoráveis para sua utilização na indústria papeleira e, o índice de enfeltramento demonstrou que provavelmente as fibras dessas regiões apresentarão uma boa resistência ao rasgo quando submetidas às avaliações físico-mecânicas. Diante dos resultados, a espécie se revela promissora como fonte alternativa de matéria-prima para a produção de papel, sendo necessários, entretanto, estudos de resistências físico-mecânicas a consolidação deste pré-diagnóstico.The analysis morphometric of the leaf fibers of Astrocaryum murumuru var. murumuru Mart. demonstrated that the petiole's fibers had presented length and wall thickness superiors than the rachis and leaflets, with yours means varying of 1.266,09 µm to 3.270,56 µm and 5,56 µm to 10,67 µm, respectively. In relation the index of Runckel and flexibility's coefficient the petiole and rachis had gotten values considered favorable for its use in the paper industry and, the felting index it probably demonstrated that the fibers of these regions will present good crash resistance when submitted to the evaluations physical-mechanical. therefore, the results show the species is a alternative source of raw material to produce paper, but its necessary to do physical-mechanical resistance studies to consolidate this pre diagnostic.