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Background: India being major consumer of tobacco faces various problems involved for its cessation. Over the time enormous methods have been evolved which may aid in tobacco cessation. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted among 100 adult tobacco users attending tobacco cessation clinic. The individuals where randomized into 2 counselling groups: Group A - Basic health education (BHE) and Group B Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Baseline evaluation of demographic parameters, smoking/smokeless behavior was recorded and Fagerstrom's test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was utilized to assess subjects' nicotine addiction levels. Follow up was done at intervals of 2 weeks and 4 weeks to assess the reduction in the mean FTND score. Appropriate statistical test was utilized to evaluate the results. Results: The majority of individuals in the study were male in age group of 41-60 years. The reduction in mean FTND score was found in both Group A and B on follow-up. But when both groups were compared, reductions in mean Fagerstrom scores were found to be more in CBT group than in BHE group at all time intervals. Conclusion: Individuals in both the group have quit the tobacco use by both the interventions followed by proper schematic follow up.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of various health education methods for improving oral health knowledge of accredited social health activists (ASHA) and Anganwadi workers of Muradnagar Block, Ghaziabad-Delhi NCR. Methods: A promotive interventional study was conducted amongst 301 ASHA and Anganwadi workers of Muradnagar block at three steps such as baseline, oral health education programme (OHEP), and reinforcement to assess their oral health knowledge using predesigned, close-ended, validated, questionnaire. Four different methods were used in OHEP to disseminate knowledge, namely, health talks, posters, and pamphlets, PowerPoint presentations, and a combination of all methods. Post-assessment was done one week after OHEP followed by reinforcement after 1 month which was followed by final post-assessment after 1 week. Students’ independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for analysing data. Results: At baseline, primary healthcare workers had mean knowledge scores as 14.67 ± 1.152 which was increased to 20.96 ± 1.053 after the intervention and 27.6 ± 0.762 after reinforcement. There was an increase of 7.6% and 14.3% of primary healthcare workers giving correct responses after OHEP and reinforcement, respectively. Conclusions: The combination method was the most effective in improving oral health knowledge of study population followed by posters and pamphlets and the least effective method was PowerPoint presentation. Dentists can play a vital role in mobilising the primary healthcare workers by consequently contributing towards improving the oral health status of the community.

Background: Oral health objectives prescribed by World Health Organization for the year 2020 have expressed that there ought to be an expansion in the quantity of people with functional dentitions (at least 21 common teeth) at ages of 35–44 and 65–74 years. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of tooth loss and to evaluate and compare the risk indicators associated with tooth loss among adult population in urban and rural areas of Muradnagar, Ghaziabad. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was led among 1200 adults aged 35–74 years in urban and rural areas of Muradnagar, India. Information was assembled by an interview followed by clinical examination (number of missing teeth). Demographic and socioeconomic factors and self-perceived oral health were the independent variables assessed. One-way analysis of variance, post-hoc test (Bonferroni), Chi-square test, Student's t-test, and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: Low educational status, no dental check-ups, low frequency of brushing, older age, and smoking habit were independent risk factors for tooth loss. The odds of tooth loss in older adults and illiterates were higher; the odds for tooth loss among those who expressed their desire for replacement of missing teeth were 1.3 times lower than their counterparts. Conclusion: The experiences gained up showed that tooth loss was very pervasive in Muradnagar populace and the critical hazard indicators identified were age, education, socioeconomic status, and cigarette smoking.

Aim: To assess the association between maternal dental anxiety and its effect on the oral health status of their child, in Murad nagar –An institutional cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Among the randomly selected 200 mother-child pairs, a cross-sectional study was done. The children of 2–5 years were selected for the study. A five-level Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), Hindi edition, was used to assess dental anxiety among the mothers. Clinical examination of the wards was finished by using a modified gingival record and WHO dentition status (2013). The SPSS software version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Approximately, 61% of the children were males, and 39% were females. The modified gingival index (MGI) score was high, if there should arise an occurrence of high MDAS values. The mean MGI score was most astounding in phobic class of MDAS and least in the not anxious classification. The MGI score expanded on increment in maternal anxiety. Dental caries expanded in kids, if there should be an occurrence of high maternal dental uneasiness. The MDAS demonstrated a critical association with clinical oral health results of the child. The children whose mothers were “extremely anxious” (phobic) had the highest mean decayed, missing, or filled teeth. Conclusion: Maternal dental anxiety significantly affects the oral health status of their ward.

Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the pattern, prevalence, etiology, site of fractures, and their management in patients with maxillofacial injury in Delhi-NCR region. Materials and Methods: A total of 1278 maxillofacial trauma patients visiting different registered hospitals from Delhi-NCR region from January 2012 to December 2017, treated by open reduction and internal fixation under general anesthesia (GA)/local anesthesia (LA) or closed reduction/conservatively, were taken into the study. The parameters considered in the study were age and sex distribution, etiological factors and incidence of maxillofacial trauma, pattern and site distribution of maxillofacial fractures, and management. Results: From a total of 2250 trauma patients, 1278 patients (1053 males and 225 females) had maxillofacial injury. The average prevalence rate was 56.8%. Yearly incidence rate was 20.4%. Road traffic accident (RTA) was the most common cause of trauma in 1029 (80.5%) patients, followed by physical assault [158 (12.3%)] with significant male predominance in different age groups. Isolated mandibular fractures were the most common [48.6% (parasymphysis 31.6%, condyle 28.2%)], followed by midface with maxilla fracture [27.6% (zygomatic bone and arch 50.2% and Lefort II fractures 18%)]. Treatment modalities were conservative management, closed reduction, and open reduction with internal fixation under GA/LA. Conclusion: RTA followed by physical assault is still the leading cause of maxillofacial trauma in young males in Delhi-NCR region. Mini plate osteosynthesis is the main treatment procedure for maxillofacial trauma. We need to enforce strict traffic rules, road safety law, and preventive measures along with improvement in education and socioeconomic status in the population to avoid maxillofacial injuries.

Objective: To determine the proliferative nature of different types of odontogenic cysts using silver-stained nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining. Materials and Methods: Forty histopathological sections of each of odontogenic keratocyst, dentigerous, and radicular growth were taken into study. Two sections were produced using the paraffin block of separate cases, one was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and another segment was stained with silver nitrate method. Results: AgNOR staining shows black dots and other parts of nuclei show yellow-brown dots. Conclusion: AgNOR, which stain for NOR-related proteins, corresponds to cell multiplication. Their amount regarding the number of AgNORs per cyst can be a good marker of the proliferative action of the cell in aggressive cystic lesion having malignant potential.

Background: Tobacco is the second driving reasons for mortality worldwide and its broad utilization in the smoking and smokeless form have added to the expanding weight of non-communicable disease. Aim: To study the prevalence of periodontal status among nicotine dependent individuals of 35-44 years attending community dental camps in Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 800 individuals with the age range of 35-44 years. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to gather information about the sociodemographic profile and the pattern of substance use. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) and for smokers; Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) for testing dependence. Periodontal status was assessed by Community Periodontal Index (Modified CPI WHO 2013) and loss of attachment (LOA). Statistical analysis was done by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Result: The prevalence of periodontal disease was found to be 78.5% with maximum disease prevalence among males of 42-44 age. Majority of male consumed a smokeless form of tobacco (50.23%), followed by smoke (14.19%) form whereas females predominantly consumed smokeless form (37.36%). The mean number of teeth with pocket (3.37 ± 1.86) and mean of loss of attachment of more than 9 mm (0.67 ± 0.88) was higher among smokeless form of tobacco users as compared to other habit groups Conclusion: Higher prevalence of periodontal disease was seen among nicotine dependent individuals. A model for a comprehensive program in the dental office including the five A's and five R's for tobacco counseling must be applied at every institute.

Aim: To assess the effect of orthodontic treatment needs on oral health-related quality of life among the young people of Delhi NCR. Methods: The study was conducted on 12–15 years of individuals attending dental clinic/hospital in Delhi NCR region. Data were collected using Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need -Dental Component and oral health impact profile 14 questionnaire. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the qualitative data. SPSS software version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Orthodontic treatment needs had an almost similar impact on the daily activities of both males and females. The sense of taste was not significantly affected by the need for orthodontic treatment in either males or females. The proportions of orthodontic patients found to have the painful arch, embarrassment, tension, and self-conscious both in males and females. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation of orthodontic treatment needs among oral health-related quality of life.