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The aim of this study was to estimate the water needs of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in the different regions of Poland. The grapevines water requirements, considered as the crop evapotranspiration, were determined using the plant coefficient method. The grapevine plants crop evapotranspiration was measured using the reference evapotranspiration and plant coefficients. The plant coefficients were adapted to the reference evapotranspiration that was calculated using the Blaney Criddle’s formula, modified for Polish conditions by Żakowicz. The grapevines water needs were determined for five agro climatic regions of Poland with the representative meteorological stations. The calculations of grapevines water requirements have been carried out for the thirty year period determined from 1981 to 2010. The study based on the six month growing season established from May 1 to October 31. As the irrigation period, four months, including May, June, July and August, were considered. The highest grapevines water needs (440 mm), during the growing season, in the north west and central east region of Poland were observed. While the lowest water requirements in the south east (414 mm) and north east (415 mm) region of the country were revealed. During the irrigation period, the highest grapevines water needs occurred in the central north west (355 mm) and central east (353 mm) region of Poland, while the lowest (329 mm) – in the south east region of the country. The upward time trend of the grapevines water requirements was observed both in the growing season and in the irrigation period. With the exception of the central north west region, this time trend was significant throughout Poland. The highest increase of grapevines water needs in the growing season (by 6.9 mm in each subsequent ten year period) in the central east and south east region of Poland was revealed. In the irrigation period, the highest rise of grapevines water requirements in the south west (7.4 mm decade-1) and south east (7.6 mm decade-1) region of the country was noted. The highest rainfall deficit was observed in the central north west region of Poland; 125 mm during the growing season, and 117 mm in the irrigation period.

The ash-leaved maple (Acer negundo L.) has low habitat requirements, which is why this species is often used in the reclamation or industrial areas. Development of the reclamation plantings depends on the optimal water soil conditions that can be controlled by watering treatments. However, the use of irrigation requires determining the water needs of cultivated species. The objective of the study was to evaluate the water needs of ash-leaved maple in the reclamation plantings, in the period of over three years after planting. The water needs of ash-leaved maple were determined using the crop coefficients method. Potential evapotranspiration was calculated using the Blaney-Criddle’s formula that was modified for Polish conditions by Żakowicz. The water needs of ash-leaved maple were assessed for five agro-climatic regions of Poland, in the years 1981-2010. The water needs of ash-leaved maple in the growing period (April-October) were the highest in the C-E (638 mm) and C-N-W (637 mm) regions, and the lowest in the N-E (598 mm) and S-E (601 mm) regions. In July, the highest water needs were noted in the C-N-W region (149 mm) and the lowest in the S-W region (129 mm). In the studied thirty-years period, there was a significant upward trend in the water needs of ash-leaved maple both during the growing season (except for the C-N-W region) and in July, in all considered regions.

The aim of the study was to present the concepts of water reclamation and development of post-mining areas of the Adamów Lignite Mine following the termination of its excavating operation. Reclamation procedures will accelerate the process of restoring the devastated post-mining area to the natural environment and, above all, will contribute to the increase in local water resources. It was decided to create several water reservoirs with different surface areas and capacities within the final workings of opencasts. The reservoirs are used for water retention, recreation, melioration and flood control purposes, as well as for depositing overburden from other opencast workings. In total, the construction of 5 water reservoirs will include 4 weirs, 7 monks and 3 culverts with damming as well as a number of kilometres of inflow and outflow channels. The schedule of works and expenditures of the investment amounts to PLN 14.509.512 and is divided into 5 stages, not only covering the construction of the reservoirs, but also the water and drainage infrastructure necessary for their proper operation. All constructed and planned water reservoirs (Przykona, Janiszew, Koźmin, Głowy, Adamów, Koźmin Końcowy and Władysławów) will become new permanent elements of the landscape and the hydrographic network, coupled with the catchment system of the Warta River. They will allow for increase in the retention capacity of the Adamów Lignite Mine's area from previous 32,3 million m3 to 219.6 million m3 in the perspective of 2023. They will improve the microclimate of post-mining areas and have a positive impact on lands created as a result of reclamation. They will provide retention for irrigation of adjacent agricultural areas and help reduce economic and natural losses caused by flooding. They will open recreational opportunities for residents of surrounding areas characterised by water shortages. The post-mining reservoirs, formed during mining operations, perfectly fit into the Small Retention Program. The existing and planned water bodies are the best proof for the rightness of decisions taken in the field of reclamation for water purposes. Landscape shaping during the exploitation of lignite, as practice shows, is a great opportunity for the post-mining region to create reservoirs in places where they do not occur in nature.

Water reclamation works, especially those related to stream maintenance, are necessary wherever their lack may cause a risk to the natural environment, as well as human life and property. This paper presents the assessment of the maintenance costs on natural and regulated streams in the years 2010-2016 in the Poznań district. In the analysed years, the costs for works on streams and water-drainage constructions amounted to an average of 1,214,800 PLN per year, which in terms of a 1km stream is approximately 3,575 PLN/km per year. Higher maintenance costs occurred on the regulated streams, where the average cost of a 1 km stream was approximately 7,042 PLN. Moreover, high costs were noted in the works on unregulated streams, where the average cost was approximately 8,948 PLN. The amount of public funding for the maintenance and current operation was quite insufficient, as it covered only 4.2% of the annual average demand. The positive trend is nearly a 6-fold increase in funds for current maintenance compared to the year 2010, when a flood occurred. The results of the conducted analyses indicate the cognitive need and purpose, as well as the economic importance, to establish water reclamation monitoring, as well as develop the existing IT system for recording water reclamation works and water management in agriculture.

This paper presents the functioning of a closed pond as a small storage reservoir in the urban catchment area located in the Wilda district of Poznań. It presents the natural, hydro-geological and urban conditions and the factors conditioning the water level in the pond. Particular attention was focused upon on the pond as a rainwater receiver. The total catchment area and partial catchment area were determined. The inflow of water into the pond, with varying degrees of probability of occurrence, was calculated based on metrological data. The example of a pond in the John Paul II Park shows that this reservoir may be effectively used as rainwater receiver, without underestimating their other functions. They contribute to the increase of the underground water resources, increase the attractiveness of the recreational area and provide a natural value. However, the continuous urbanization, sealing the soil surface and the occurrence of extreme weather conditions necessitate a comprehensive look at the management of rainwater in urban areas. Calculations showed that the largest inflow of rain water occurs after a day’s rain with the probability p = 100%, and would amount to 3365 m3, and the water level in the pond would rise by only 0.25 m to a capacity of about 7000 m3. This represents 57% of the total capacity of the pond. If such an increase in the water level had occurred during the period of high water levels in the pond, it could not have damaging consequences of flooding. Only the occurrence of a day’s rain with the probability p = 10%, and capacity around 4700 m3, would completely fill the pond. Such a situation can be avoided by recultivation and desilting the bottom of the pond, where the slime collects with a capacity of 1300 m3.

In the paper rivers, canals and levees and the technical condition of drainage localized on them are evaluated. Research was related to the needs and scope of works performed in 2013 and 2014. To ensure technical efficiency drainage systems are subject to periodic maintenance treatments. To ensure technical efficiency drainage systems are subject to periodic maintenance treatments 2,01 millions PLN was spent on sustaining and maintains of melioration devices in the activity area of Lubuski Zarząd Melioracji i Urządzeń Wodnych. The expenses concerning rivers and channels as well as mowing and sustaining flood defences devices. The other expenses were spent on three pumping station of total yield equals 6.350 dm3·s-1 influencing on area of 4069 ha. Downward trend of work amount as the result of downward trend of spending financial means was observed at analysed area. Decrease of spending financial means was about 11% in 2013 and 2014 years. Financial means allocated on current sustaining and maintains suffice only for 30 to 40% of entire basic drainage devices.

State of water-drainage infrastructure affects the conditions for sustainable development of rural areas. Irrigation-drainage systems for governing water relations in soils of the valley areas consist of a system of rivers, canals and ditches with impoundment structure. The considerable neglect in the maintenance of existing water-drainage infrastructure resulted in their recapitalization. The most important way to restore the efficiency of their proper functioning should be their correct and timely maintenance. The study evaluated the need for maintenance of basic drainage structures in the district of Stargard. The study covered the years 2010–2012.

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of carp pond culture on mycological condition of surface waters. The study was conducted in a fish farm in Ślesin. To indicate the number of fungi the water was sampled at the tributary, ponds production and winter habitats and at the outflow. This study has shown that ponds may slightly reduce the number of fungi, as well as improve some physicochemical parameters of water.

The paper shows the results of analysis distribution of the amount and rainfall intensity in Bydgoszcz based on network measurements of rain, which is operated by the Municipal Water Supply and sewers in Bydgoszcz. The system consists of six rain-gauges type TPG-036-H24 by A-STER, which are equipped with electronic data recording system with GPRS transmission to a central server. A record of the amount of rainfall measurement results is carried out in 2-minute intervals with an accuracy of 0.1 millimeters. The extreme highs and the intensity of rainfall registered in the audited period was analyzed. The results were presented in a form of tables and graphs. The intensity measurements and the amount of rainfall were used by a dense network of rainwater, which allows you to get valuable results, essential in the analysis of the functioning of municipal sewer system.

In an attempt to assess the needs of the modernization of the North Channel of Obra, the construction began in 1852. The condition of drainage occurring on this course coming generally from the early 20th century and is unsatisfactory. This is the result of longstanding neglect and lack of maintenance. The first modernization works started in 1986. Undergoing on the North Channel of Obra are primarily made in the framework of four tasks, which was the regulation of the water course on a length of approximately 35 km 8 dams were built and 9 dams were demolished. The cost of upgrading the North Channel of The Obra was significantly different, what is the result of the works. They include the cost of reconstruction of the drainage channels, and the reconstruction of hydraulic structures. At this work, in addition to the needs assessment of the North Channel of Obra, further modernization needs were indicated.

The report shows the results of investigations and analyses on four experimental areas located at the “Kazimierz” quarry (in Pojezierze Kujawskie latitude 52o20’ N, longitude 18o05’ E). The results of the investigations show the dynamics of moisture in the upper layer of post mining grounds are formed under metrological conditions. It shows that the most important dynamic of water retention occurred on the upper cultivated layer of post mining grounds in which there was a moisture reaction to the water precipitation. An unprofitable distribution of precipitation during the vegetation period 2013 caused this water deficit to the plants cultivated on post mining grounds. The longest water deficit (63 days) occurred in profiles typical to crop cultivation (average 12 mm). The results of the investigation confirm that post mining grounds should cultivate plants which are resistant to water deficit and which would benefit from the water reserves in the deeper layers of post mining grounds and which have deep roots system, such as lucerne.