Search

Cattleya granulosa é uma orquídea ameaçada de extinção endêmica da região litorânea do Nordeste do Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar os níveis de agregação espacial em uma população preservada da espécie, em uma área de 4.225 m2 da unidade de conservação do Parque das Dunas, em Natal, RN. Além de caracterizar o hábito de vida da população, foi utilizada a função de segunda ordem da densidade de vizinhos (NDF) para determinar o padrão espacial nas classes de distância, com o uso do programa SpPack. Quanto ao hábito de vida, 73% das plantas eram epífitas (N = 136) e 27% terrestres (N = 50). As epífitas têm especificidade com um único forófito, indivíduos arbóreos de Eugenia spp. (Myrtaceae). C. granulosa possui padrão espacial agregado, com maior densidade de vizinhos (NDF) no raio de até 5 m. Esses dados sugerem um potencial dispersivo restrito e com influência direta sobre ações de conservação biológica da espécie. Cattleya granulosa is an endemic and endangered orchid species of the coastal region of northeastern Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of spatial aggregation in a preserved population, in an area of 4.225 m2 of the conservation unit of ‘Parque das Dunas’ Natal, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. We evaluated the life form of the population as well as its neighborhood density factor (NDF) to determine the spatial distribution in distance classes, using the SpPack software program. Regarding the life form, 73% of the plants (N = 136) were epiphyte and 27% were terrestrial (N = 50). The epiphytes present specificity with a single host tree, Eugenia spp. (Myrtaceae). The spatial pattern of Cattleya granulosa is aggregated, with the highest density of neighbors (NDF) within a radius of 5 m. These data suggest restricted dispersion with direct influence on actions for conservation of the species.

Floral biology and pollinators of candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus) were analyzed in a natural population. We studied anthesis, flower morphology, stigmatic receptivity, pollen viability and floral visitors. The small flowers (10.17 mm in length) are pink, hermaphrodites and organized in dense capitula (mean = 29 flowers). We observed a large percentage of viable pollen (77.25%) and relatively scarce nectar availability for floral visitors (0.63 μL). The bees Apis mellifera and Trigona sp. were the most frequent visitors. The length of the bud, style and flowers varied significantly among plants. O objetivo deste trabalho foi examinar e documentar a biologia floral e os polinizadores da candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus) em uma população natural, sendo estudados a antese, a morfologia floral, a receptividade estigmática, a viabilidade de pólen e os visitantes florais. As flores pequenas (10,17 mm de comprimento) são cor de rosa, hermafroditas e organizadas em densos capítulos (média = 29 flores). Foi observada alta porcentagem de pólen viável (77,25%) e relativamente pouca disponibilidade de néctar para os visitantes florais (0,63 μL). As abelhas Apis mellifera e Trigona sp. foram os visitantes mais frequentes. Os comprimentos dos botões, estiletes e flores variaram significativamente entre plantas.

Floral biology and pollinators of candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus) were analyzed in a natural population. We studied anthesis, flower morphology, stigmatic receptivity, pollen viability and floral visitors. The small flowers (10.17 mm in length) are pink, hermaphrodites and organized in dense capitula (mean = 29 flowers). We observed a large percentage of viable pollen (77.25%) and relatively scarce nectar availability for floral visitors (0.63 μL). The bees Apis mellifera and Trigona sp. were the most frequent visitors. The length of the bud, style and flowers varied significantly among plants. O objetivo deste trabalho foi examinar e documentar a biologia floral e os polinizadores da candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus) em uma população natural, sendo estudados a antese, a morfologia floral, a receptividade estigmática, a viabilidade de pólen e os visitantes florais. As flores pequenas (10,17 mm de comprimento) são cor de rosa, hermafroditas e organizadas em densos capítulos (média = 29 flores). Foi observada alta porcentagem de pólen viável (77,25%) e relativamente pouca disponibilidade de néctar para os visitantes florais (0,63 μL). As abelhas Apis mellifera e Trigona sp. foram os visitantes mais frequentes. Os comprimentos dos botões, estiletes e flores variaram significativamente entre plantas.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar aspectos etnoecológicos e etnobotânicos da carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore, Arecaceae) em uma comunidade extrativista do município de Ipanguaçu, estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram entrevistados moradores considerados informantes-chaves, utilizando a técnica da indução não específica, turnê guiada e observação direta para confirmar as informações obtidas. Segundo a maioria dos moradores do Assentamento Pedro Ezequiel de Araújo, o carnaubal da região é uma formação vegetal natural. Na investigação etnoecológica, 73% dos informantes relataram a ocorrência de "um tipo diferente de carnaúba", conhecida como "carnaúba branca", fenotipicamente distinta da "carnaúba comum" por apresentar estipe claro, frutos menores e ausência de espinhos no pecíolo, além de ser rara no local de estudo. Grande parte dos informantes observam os processos fenológicos da carnaúba, sendo condizentes ao afirmar que a espécie possui dispersão quiropterocórica. Na etnobotânica, o pó cerífero foi citado por todos como o produto mais importante extraído da carnaúba e a folha a parte mais usada, seguida dos frutos, caule e raiz. Foram relatadas ainda as divisões de trabalho na extração do pó da carnaúba. Os resultados desta pesquisa irão contribuir para difundir os conhecimentos etnobotânicos e etnoecológicos da carnaúba, subsidiando estratégias de manejo e conservação das populações naturais. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate aspects of ethnoecological and ethnobotanical of carnauba wax (Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore, Arecaceae) in an extractive community of municipality of Ipanguaçu, Rio Grande do Norte state. We interviewed key informants, using the technique of inducing nonspecific, guided tour and direct observation to confirm the data. According to most residents of Pedro Ezequiel Araújo community, the area of carnauba wax in the region is natural. In the research ethnoecological, 73% of informants reported the occurrence of "a different kind of carnauba", known as "white carnauba" phenotypically distinct from the "common carnauba wax" by presenting clear stipe, smaller fruits and absence of spines on the petiole, and is rare at the study site. Much of the informants observed phenological phases of carnauba wax, being consistent in stating that the species has fruits dispersed by bats. In ethnobotany, powder wax was cited by all as the most important product extracted from leaves of carnauba and the most used, followed by fruit, stem and root. Were still reported the division of work in the extraction of powder wax from the carnauba. The results of this research will contribute to knowledge of ethnobotanical and ethnoecological carnauba, supporting strategies for management and conservation of natural populations.

Dimorphandra mollis é uma espécie nativa do Cerrado com grande potencial econômico e tem sido alvo de intensa exploração, principalmente de seus frutos por causa do princípio ativo do composto rutina, importante para a produção de fármacos. Algumas propostas têm surgido para uma coleta controlada desses frutos, de forma a minimizar a perda de diversidade genética, entretanto existem poucas informações sobre aspectos ecológicos e genéticos da espécie. Nesse sentido, realizou-se o estudo da estrutura genética por meio de marcadores aloenzimáticos, visando dar subsídios a propostas de conservação de populações naturais de D. mollis. Dez locos polimórficos foram utilizados para estimar as frequências alélicas referentes a 180 indivíduos, distribuídos em três populações naturais (Campina Verde, Vargem da Cruz e Pau de Fruta) no Município de Jequitaí, Norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os resultados indicam alta diversidade genética da espécie ( ou = 0,463), sendo pequena a variabilidade genética entre populações ( > ou = 0,025). Foi verificada ausência de endogamia dentro das populaçõe s( ou = -0,018 ( 0,007). O fluxo gênico estimado no conjunto das populações foi alto, com igual a 4,0, e suficiente para contrapor os efeitos da deriva genética. a alta diversidade genética nas populações da espécie indica potencial para a conservação genética in situ e também para o seu manejo. As estratégias de manejo da espécie devem considerar o tamanho efetivo populacional, no intuito de manter os níveis de variabilidade genética observados e a regeneração natural nas áreas. Palavras-chave: Fava d'anta, Marcadores aloenzimáticos e Variabilidade genética.Dimorphandra mollis is a native species of Cerrado and has high economic value due to the active compound Rutin present in its fruit, which has made it a target of intense commercial exploitation. Some proposals to minimize the negatives genetic/physiological effects of exploitation have been proposed, but little is known about the ecology or genetic structure of natural populations of this species. To delineate conservation programs, it is necessary to elucidate the levels of genetic variation in local natural populations. The genetic variability was assessed using ten allozyme loci. The genetic structure of the species was carried out using a sample of 180 individuals distributed in three natural populations located in the North of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The results showed a high level of genetic diversity within the species ( or = 0.463). Analysis of genetic structure indicated that most of the genetic variability of D. mollis is within its natural populations with low difference among populations ( or = 0.025). Inbreeding within the populations ( or = -0.018) and among them ( or = 0.007) was insignificant. Gene flow among populations was or = 4.0, indicating to be enough to prevent the effects of genetic drift. The high genetic diversity index in these populations indicates potential for in situ genetic conservation and management. Management strategies for this species should take into consideration the effective population size in order to keep the high levels of genetic variability observed and allow natural regeneration in the areas.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar a dinâmica da maturação dos frutos e avaliar quantitativamente algumas características físicas dos frutos de Miconia albicans (Swartz) Triana em um remanescente de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua Montana. A atividade, intensidade e sincronia de 20 indivíduos foram analisadas em relação aos eventos de frutificação, correlacionando-os com as variáveis climáticas. Analisou-se a morfometria (comprimento, largura e massa) de 130 frutos de 10 indivíduos. A intensidade da fenofase de frutos maduros nas plantas correlacionou-se significativamente com a precipitação média do período (rS = 0,611; P < 0,05). A espécie possui número elevado de pequenas sementes por fruto ( = 28,05 ± 1,45 d.p.). O coeficiente de correlação entre a massa fresca do fruto e a da polpa foi de rS = 0,988 (P < 0,001), ou seja, a massa fresca do fruto é linearmente proporcional à quantidade de polpa. Esta contribui, em média, com 94% da massa fresca total do fruto, demonstrando a importância da espécie para os frugívoros. Os resultados indicaram o período de alta sincronia intrapopulacional das fenofases analisadas, o que pode ser útil na orientação da coleta de sementes visando à criação de bancos de germoplasma e produção de mudas para a recuperação de áreas degradadas.The aim of this study was to examine the dynamics of fruit maturation and quantitatively assess some physical characteristics of the fruits of Miconia albicans (Swartz) Triana in a remnant of Montane Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. The activity and synchrony of 20 individuals were analyzed in regard to the proportion of fruiting events, and to help to determine their correlation to abiotic factors. Morphometric traits (fruit length, diameter and mass) of 130 fruits from ten individuals were analyzed. The number of fruits maturing showed a significant correlation with the mean precipitation (rS = 0.611; P < 0.05). M. albicans presented a high number of small seeds per fruit ( = 28.05 ± 1.45 s.d.). The fresh mass of the fruit was approximately equal to the pulp mass (rS = 0.988; P < 0.05). Thepulp contributed with 94% of the total mass, demonstrating the potential importance of this species for frugivores. The results indicate the period of high intrapopulation synchrony of the studied phenophases, which can be a useful guide in the collection of seeds for germoplasm banks and recovery of degraded areas.

The aim of this paper was to determine the floristic composition and the structure of an area of 30.2 ha of dry forest(Seasonal Deciduous Forest) in Montes Claros municipality (MG). A sample of 40 (10 × 10m) plots was assessed. All individuals withcircumference at the breast height (CBH) greater than 10 cm were included in the survey. In the analysis of structural parameters,density, dominancy, frequency and index of importance value (IVI) were calculated. The Shannon s diversity index (H ) and eqüabilityof Pielou (J) were calculated. Sixty one arboreal species were classified with diversity of H = 3.3 and J = 80%. In all tested structuralparameters the species Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan presented the largest values(Dominance: 49% and 35.2%; Density: 19.4% and 13%; Frequency: 11.3% and 4% and IVI: 26.5% and 17.4%, respectively).These values are related with the high abundance and low values of CBH of those species. These results coincide with those of otherworks developed in Caatinga area in the north of Minas Gerais state.

Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Clusiaceae) is a tree of great ecological plasticity and it is present in different forestphysiognomy. Due to its preference to water-saturated soils, it is considered specialist in habitat, due to this, it occurs frequently inthe riparian forest. In order to access and understand the inter and intrapopulation genetic variability patterns, two populations of C.brasiliense in gallery forest were sampled. The results obtained by isoenzyme electrophoresis analysis showed a high heterozygosityfor this species, equal 0.444 and 0.492. The genetic structure analysis indicated the absence of intra and inter populationsinbreeding ( f = -0.078; F = -0.063). Most of the genetic variability was distributed within the populations ( = 0.14) and the geneflow was low ( m N= 0.83). The coancestry coefficient estimated showed positive spatial structure in small distance classes. Thisinformation is important to programs of conservation genetics in situ and ex situ of the species. Moreover, it is necessary to improvethe preservation and the maintenance of natural populations of C. brasiliense, since this species demonstrates fragility to factors thatput at risk its genetic variability. op

Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar e comparar a composição florística de oito fragmentos de Mata Seca Calcária e Caatinga Arbórea localizados no norte do Estado de Minas Gerais. O levantamento das espécies arbóreas foi realizado através de visitas periódicas aos fragmentos para coleta de material botânico. Nos oito fragmentos foram encontradas 114 espécies arbóreas pertencentes a 40 famílias botânicas. Dentre as 89 espécies encontradas nos fragmentos de Mata Seca, 37 (42%) foram peculiares a essa formação. No entanto, das 75 espécies amostradas nos remanescentes de Caatinga Arbórea, 25 (33%) ocorreram apenas nesses fragmentos. A análise de agrupamento sugere que a composição florística dos fragmentos é afetada pela fitofisionomia e pelas condições bioecológicas locais a que estes fragmentos estão submetidos. Além disso, a relação observada entre a área dos fragmentos e o número de espécies arbóreas, evidenciou que área é um bom indicador da riqueza de espécies arbóreas nos fragmentos florestais. Portanto, os resultados deste estudo indicaram que fatores históricos (fitofisionomia) e ecológicos (área dos fragmentos e ocorrência de perturbações antrópicas) constituem importantes elementos caracterizadores da composição e riqueza de espécies em fragmentos florestais do norte de Minas Gerais.The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the floristic composition of eight fragments of Calcareous Dry Forest and Arboreal Caatinga in the north of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The survey of the tree species was performed by periodic visits to the fragments. We found 114 tree species belonging to 40 botanical families in the eight fragments. Of a total of 89 species found in the Calcareous Dry Forest fragments, 37 (42%) were typical of this formation. On the other hand, from the 75 species sampled in the Arboreal Caatinga remnants, 25 species (33%) occurred only in these fragments. The cluster analysis suggested that the floristic composition of the fragments was affected by the phytophysiognomy and by local bioecological conditions. The observed relationship between remnant area and tree species richness suggests that area was a good indicator of species richness in the forest fragments. The results of this study indicate that both historical (phytophysiognomy) and ecological (e.g., remnant area and occurrence of human disturbance) factors constitute important elements that determine the composition and richness of tree species of forest fragments in the north of Minas Gerais State.

The aim of this paper was to verify the effect of different doses of gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µg.L-1), of fungicides of the groups chemical benzimidazol (0, 25, 50 and 100 g.L-1) and ditiocarbamato (0, 1,25, 2,50 and 5,00 g.L-1) on seed germination. Viability of those seeds was evaluated through germination tests at 0, 15, 30 and 60 days. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse. The experimental design was fully randomized one, with five replicates per treatment. The traits evaluated were emergence and index of emergence speed. The treatment with GA3 didn't provide significant so much differences among the germination rates as well as for the emergence speed. It was verified that the use of the fungicides in smaller concentrations (25 g.L-1 of benzimidazol and 1,25 g.L-1 of ditiocarbamato) promoted a better germination speed. The seeds of G. americana possess viability period relatively short, with germination absence 60 days period of storage, and it could be associated to the humidity tenors presented by the seeds in this period.

This paper studied the physical characterization of fruits and endocarps (drupe) of murici of Montes Claros-MG. Thefruits that are very much consumed in natura were collected in an area of natural savannah and analyzed in the Laboratory of Botanyof UNIMONTES.A total of 197 fruits were sampled, being evaluated the fresh mass (FM), length and equatorial diameter of the fruitsand endocarps, besides the FM of the pulp. The FM of the fruits varied from 0.27g to 2.34g, where 43.15% of the fruits presented FMvarying from 0.27g to 0.67g. The FM of the endocarps varied from 0.07g to 0.60g, and 52.28% of the endocarps presented FM from0.19g to 0.30g. The FM, length and diameter fruits average were 1.02g, 10.05mm and 11.93mm, respectively. The averages for FM,length and diameter of the endocarps were, respectively, 0.22g, 6.64mm and 6.67mm. The medium FM of the pulp was of 0.79g forfruit. The correlation between the FM of the fruit and the FM of the pulp was of 0.989. The FM of the fruit is proportional to the amountof pulp. The great variation in the FM measures and size of the fruits reflects the great variability of the murici plants found in thesample.

Aspidosperma pyrifolium (Apocynaceae) and Caesalpinia pyramidalis (Fabaceae) share the same habitat in the Brazilian Caatinga domain. In this paper, we investigate the intra and inter-species interactions between these two plants using spatial pattern analysis among cohorts. The results showed that the adult trees of each species present higher densities at distances shorter than 9 m to 12 m. However, due to seed dispersal via autochory, we expected a more aggregate density for C. pyramidalis than A. pyrifolium as the later disperses seeds through anemochory. Difference in spatial aggregation among cohorts was not observed and therefore the results contradict the expectations of the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. It is likely that this is associated with anthropogenic factors in the past such as fire, animal husbandry and logging. Using a bivariate analysis of the neighborhood density, we also confirmed the significant coexistence between the two species. This coexistence could be explained by the process of positive interspecific interactions, such as facilitation, which is common in semi-arid regions under stressful conditions. Aspidosperma pyrifolium (Apocynaceae) e Caesalpinia pyramidalis (Fabaceae) compartilham o mesmo habitat no bioma Caatinga. Neste trabalho, investigamos as interações intra e interespecíficas por meio do padrão espacial entre coortes. Os resultados mostraram que as plantas adultas de cada espécie apresentam elevados níveis de densidade em curtas distâncias (9 m e 12 m). No entanto, devido à dispersão de sementes via autocoria, esperávamos uma densidade mais agregada para C. pyramidalis do que em A. pyrifolium, que tem dispersão anemocórica. Não foi observada diferença de agregação espacial entre coortes e, portanto, os resultados contradizem as expectativas da hipótese de Janzen-Connell. É provável que isto esteja associado a fatores antrópicos no passado, tais como incêndio, pecuária e exploração madeireira. Por meio da análise bivariada da densidade de vizinhos, foi confirmada a coexistência significativa das duas espécies. Isto pode ser explicado pelo processo de interações interespecíficas positivas, tais como a facilitação, que é comum em regiões semiáridas, sob condições estressantes.

This research analyzed the floristic and the arboreal community's component of three savannah fragments structure in different conservation stadium to observe if substitution of species exists, in agreement with the degree of the arboreal community's preservation, in Três Marias Count, Minas Gerais. In the three areas MA (18º 18`02`` S and 45º 14`64`` W), LI (18º 17`05``S and 45º 14`13`` W) and TO (18º 12`46`` S and 45º 14`43`` W) were sampled 463 individuals, distributed into 63 species, 56 genera and 32 families, with prominence for the family Fabaceae with 13 species. The number of species sampled varied from 21 in MA, 29 in LI to 38 in TO. Of all the species sampled only four (6.5%) Qualea parviflora, Machaerium villosum, Magonia pubescens and Astronium fraxinifolium occurred in all the sampled areas. However, 39 species (63%) occurred in only one area. This is proven by DCA, where axis one synthesized 66% and the axis two synthesized 12% of data variation. This demonstrates the great substitution of species in elapsing of the succession stages, where LI and TO shared 14 (26.4%) of the 53 species sampled in these areas. LI and MA shared 5 species (11%) of the 46 species sampled in these two areas. TO and MA already shared 11 species (23%) of the 48 species sampled in these areas. These results demonstrate that, in spite of the long period of anthropic intervention, these areas are recovering their vegetal cover and maintaining the diversity characteristic of the biome where they are inserted.

The objective of this study was to assess the genetic variability in two natural populations ofCalophyllum brasilienselocated along two different rivers in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using RAPD molecular markers. Eighty-two polymorphic fragments were amplified using 27 primers. The values obtained for Shannon index (I) were 0.513 and 0.530 for the populations located on the margins of the Rio Grande and Rio das Mortes, respectively, demonstrating the high genetic diversity in the studied populations. Nei’s genetic diversity (He) was 0.341 for the Rio Grande population and 0.357 for the Rio das Mortes population. These results were not significantly different between populations and suggest a large proportion of heterozygote individuals within both populations. AMOVA showed that 70.42% of the genetic variability is found within populations and 29.58% is found among populations (ФST=0.2958). The analysis of kinship coefficients detected the existence of family structures in both populations. Average kinship coefficients between neighboring individuals were 0.053 (P<0.001) in Rio das Mortes and 0.040 (P<0.001) in Rio Grande. This could be due to restricted pollen and seed dispersal and the history of anthropogenic disturbance in the area. These factors are likely to contribute to the relatedness observed among these genotypes.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative and reproductive phenology of Copernicia prunifera (carnauba wax) in natural populations correlated with climate variables. The study was conducted in a native area, located in the Campus of Academic Unit Specialized in Agricultural Sciences of UFRN in the municipality of Macaíba, RN. The evaluations were made between May 2010 and December 2012, totaling 67 fortnightly observations of vegetative phenophases and reproductive. The relationship between the occurrence of each phenophase and climate variables (air temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed and radiation) were tested by Spearman correlation, performed with the climate data of the first (rS1), second (rS2), third (rS3) and fourth (rS4) phenological fortnight prior to the event. Individuals of C. prunifera are asynchronous with leaf loss and emission of new leaves all the time. Flowering is subanual, i.e. occurs more than once a year. There is a positive relationship between the intensity of unripe fruits and higher temperature with delay of three (rS3 = 0.261; P < 0.005) to four fortnights (rS4 = 0.276; P < 0.005) to the phenological event. We observed also significant positive correlations between temperature and number of trees with ripe fruits. Thus, it is assumed that the species studied was influenced by aspects of morphology and physiology, with environmental factors interfering secondarily.

Em ecossistemas fragmentados, comuns no sul de Minas Gerais, os corredores de vegetação são elementos de grande importância ecológica para o fluxo gênico. Os corredores de vegetação na região de Lavras, MG, são estreitos (entre 3 e 6m), de vegetação secundária formada pela colonização de valas e interligam fragmentos remanescentes de vegetação primária. Nestes dois ambientes, é comum a ocorrência da espécie Myrcia splendens, que produz frutos de dispersão zoocórica. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, a avaliação da estrutura genética espacial em microescala de M. splendens nos ambientes de fragmentos e nas suas conexões. Dez primers ISSR foram utilizados em 168 árvores distribuídas nos cinco fragmentos e em 104 árvores nos quatro corredores de vegetação, gerando um total de 70 locos polimórficos. A AMOVA mostrou que a maior parte da diversidade genética ocorre dentro das populações (96,49% nos fragmentos e 91,15% nos corredores). Nas formações primárias (F1 a F5) e nos corredores C1 e C2 os genótipos estão distribuídos de maneira aleatória. Nos corredores C3 e C4 observou-se estruturação genética espacial, com valores de coancestria positiva e significativa na primeira classe de distância, sendo os valores de Sp de 0,012 (P = 0,009) e 0,014 (P = 0,029), respectivamente. In fragmented ecosystems, very common in southern Minas Gerais, vegetation corridors are ecologically important elements for gene flow. Vegetation corridors in Lavras, MG, are narrow (from 3 to 6m), with secondary vegetation formed by trench colonization and they connect primary vegetation fragments. In both environments, it is common the occurrence of Myrcia splendens, which produces fruit with zoocoric dispersion. The objective of this work was to evaluate spatial genetic structure in fine-scale of Myrcia splendens (SW.) in environments with fragments and in their connections. Ten ISSR primers were used to access the genetic patterns in 168 trees distributed in five fragments and in 104 trees distributed in four vegetation corridors, totalizing 70 polymorphic loci. AMOVA revealed that most of the genetic diversities occurs within the the populations (96.49% in the fragments and 91.15% in the corridors). In the primary formations (F1 to F5) and in the corridors C1 and C2, the genotypes are randomly distributed. It was noted in C3 and C4 corridors, spatial genetic structure with positive and significant coancestry in the first distance class with Sp = 0.012 (P = 0.009) and 0.014 (P = 0.029), respectively.

Devido à heterogeneidade fitofisionômica da vegetação na região Norte Mineira, a estrutura e riqueza de seus remanescentes são consideravelmente variáveis, e, embora pouco conhecida, trata-se de uma região amplamente explorada economicamente. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, caracterizar a estrutura e florística de uma área de caatinga arbórea, localizada em Juvenília, Minas Gerais. Foram alocadas 20 parcelas de 20 × 20 m (400 m²) totalizando 0,8 há. Nelas foram mensurados todos os indivíduos com CAP (circunferência à altura do peito) > 10 cm. Para complementar a listagem florística do componente arbustivoarbóreo, foram realizadas quatro visitas para coleta de material botânico entre janeiro e dezembro de 2003. A composição florística foi representada por 64 espécies arbóreas, destas, 47 foram amostradas no levantamento fitossociológico. A diversidade da área foi de H' = 2,90 e J' = 0,76, com dominância das espécies Anadenanthera colubrina, Poincianella pluviosa e Myracrodruon urundeuva que apresentaram os maiores valores de Dominância: 26,3, 13,1 e 20,3%; Densidade: 11,2, 16,6 e 10,1%; Frequência: 6,2, 6,5 e 5,5% e Valor de Importância: 14,6, 12,1 e 12,0%, respectivamente. A distribuição diamétrica da comunidade tendeu à normalidade, com menor quantidade de indivíduos nas classes diamétricas menores e maiores. A comunidade estudada mostra padrões estruturais e florísticos semelhantes a outros remanescentes de florestas deciduais em bom estado de conservação, dentro e fora do bioma Caatinga, embora tenha sido evidenciada a presença de interferências antrópicas na área. Due to the phytophysiognomic heterogeneity of the northern Minas Gerais region, the structure and richness of local vegetation remnants vary considerably, and regardless of the fact that the region is yet little known, it has been widely explored economically. The objective of this study is to characterize the structure and floristics of a fragment of Arboreous Caatinga located in Juvenília, Minas Gerais. Twenty 20 × 20m plots (400 m²) were allocated, to a total of 0.8 ha, and all individuals in them with a CAP (circumference at breast height) > 10 cm were recorded. To complement the floristic listing of shrub and tree components, four visits were undertaken to collect botanical material, between January and December 2003. The floristic composition was represented by 64 arboreous species, out of which 47 were sampled in the phytosociological survey. The local diversity was H' = 2.90 and J' = 0.76, with a dominance of species Anadenanthera colubrina, Poincianella pluviosa and Myracrodruon urundeuva, respectively with Dominance: 26.3%, 13.1% and 20.3%; Density: 11.2%, 16.6% and 10.1%; Frequency: 6.2%, 6.5% and 5.5% and Importance Value: 14.6%, 12.1% and 12.0%. The diameter distribution of the community tended to normality, with less individuals in smaller and larger diameter classes. The structural and floristic patterns of the community in question were found to be similar to other reasonably preserved remnants of deciduous forest, inside and outside the Caatinga biome, despite the evidence of local anthropic intervention.

Geonoma schottiana is an underbrush palm which is found in high densities in tropical forests. This species is known for having an asynchronous fruit producing pattern, over all seasons of the year, thus being an important food source for frugivores. This work aims to determine the diversity and spatial genetic structure of two natural populations, referred to as MC I and MC II, of which 60 individuals were sampled, in Poço Bonito Biological Reserve, Lavras, Minas Gerais state. Results of 10 polymorphic isozyme loci indicated a high genetic diversity for the species (Ĥe= 0.428 and Ĥo = 0.570), with an mean number of alleles per locus of 2.0. Estimates of Cockerham's coancestry coefficients indicated an absence of intrapopulation ( or = -0.343) and interpopulation inbreeding ( or = -0.161), suggesting that on average populations are not endogamous. A high genetic divergence was found between populations ( = 13.5%), in comparison to most tropical species (m = 0.40). The analysis of spatial distribution of G. schottiana genotypes in MCI revealed a random distribution of genotypes. The high genetic diversity indices found suggest that the populations in question favor in situ genetic conservation, consequently favoring the conservation of riparian environments. Geonoma schottiana é uma palmeira de sub-bosque com alta densidade em florestas tropicais. A espécie se destaca pela assincronia na produção de frutos durante todas as estações, sendo uma importante fonte de alimento para animais frugívoros. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, determinar a diversidade e a estrutura genética espacial de duas populações naturais, MC I e MC II, em que foram amostrados 60 indivíduos, na Reserva Biológica do Poço Bonito, em Lavras, Minas Gerais. Os resultados dos 10 locos isoenzimáticos polimórficos indicaram alta diversidade genética para a espécie (Ĥe = 0,428 e Ĥo = 0,570), com número médio de alelos por loco igual a 2,0. As estimativas dos coeficientes de coancestralidade de Cockerham indicaram ausência de endogamia dentro ( ou = -0,343) e também para o conjunto das populações ( ou = -0,161), sugerindo que, em média, as populações não são endogâmicas. Foi encontrada uma alta divergência genética entre populações ( = 13,5%), quando comparada com p a maioria das espécies tropicais (m = 0,40). A análise da distribuição espacial dos genótipos de G. schottiana na MCI revelou que a distribuição dos genótipos é aleatória. Os altos índices de diversidade genética detectados sugerem que as populações estudadas são favoráveis à conservação genética in situ e, consequentemente, dos ambientes ciliares.

Knowledge of genetic structure at different scales and correlation with the current landscape is fundamental for evaluating the importance of evolutionary processes and identifying conservation units. Here, we used allozyme loci to examine the spatial genetic structure (SGS) of 230 individuals of Protium spruceanum, a native canopy-emergent in five fragments of Brazilian Atlantic forest (1 to 11.8 ha), and four ecological corridors (460 to 1 000 m length). Wright's 𝐹 𝑆 𝑇 statistic and Mantel tests revealed little evidence of significant genetic structure at the landscape-scale ( 𝐹 𝑆 𝑇 = 0 . 0 2 7 ; 𝑟 𝑀 = − 0 . 0 5 1 , 𝑃 = . 5 3 9 ). At fine-scale SGS, low levels of relatedness within fragments and corridors ( 𝑆 𝑝 = 0 . 0 0 8 , 𝑃 > . 0 5 ) were observed. Differences in the levels and distribution of the SGS at both spatial scales are discussed in relation to biological and conservation strategies of corridors and forest fragments.

Phenological studies are important to understand the dynamics in forest ecosystems and also to enable adequatemanagement of their native species. In the Cerrado regions of the high Rio Grande river (south of Minas Gerais State), Caryocarbrasiliense species is found in highly distinct morphological forms with variable phenology. The aim of this study was to investigatephenological patterns within and between populations of both the tree and shrub forms of the individuals and to determine anycorrelation with abiotic factors. Thirty-five observations of the phenophases of the vegetative and reproductive stages were recordedevery two weeks for 18 months. The activity index was analyzed for each stage and further analyzed to see if there were associationswith the climate data by using Spearman s linear correlation. The species was deciduous but leaf growth became retarded during thedry season, at which point leaf flushing stopped and total leaf fall occurred throughout the rainy season. The flowering and the fruitproduction occurred in the rainy season. The reproductive phase can be either annual or sub-annual. The activity index showed highsynchronism within populations during the first flowering in all populations studied (> 80%). Flowering and mature fruits were highlysynchronized according to Spearman correlations. Tree and shrub individuals of C. brasiliense had very similar times for theirphenophases. The best period for collecting mature fruits in these regions is between February and March.