Search

The research carried out on Romania's foreign trade performance aimed at establishing the impact of the Romania's accession to the EU onto the Romanian external trade balance. Another important scientific contribution is the analysis of the impact of the new Romanian trade policy on the general evolution of Romania's foreign trade during the period 1995-2016, for which we used a series of general indicators that we usually find in the statistical yearbooks , under the names of: export value (FOB prices); import value (CIF prices); value of imports (FOB prices); trade balance (FOB exports - CIF imports); trade balance (FOB exports - FOB imports); export per capita. In today's context, it is justified to identify innovative methods and strategies for establishing and capitalizing on the competitive advantages of Romanian companies engaged in foreign trade as a result of our country's accession to the European Union, in order to solve the complex economic problems generated by the major trade deficit of Romania, as well as the creation of mechanisms for implementing the strategies and methods resulting from the researchers conducted to reduce this deficit and to maximize the positive effects of Romania's accession to the EU. As this article shows, Romania's degree of international openness has been sinuous, with the year 2016 being the year when it reached the maximum value of the analyzed period of 83.71%. To this result, an important contribution was almost equal to exports and imports (around 42.32% of trade opening from imports and 41.39% of exports), which represents a significant improvement over the period 2000-2013. Also our analyse for Romania shows that excepting the years 1995-1996, 1998, 2000-2001 and 2003-2007, respectively, 2016, the coefficient of elasticity of imports was higher than the modulus of elasticity of exports, although subunit in the years 1997, 1999, 2005, 2007-2009 and 2013 respectively. Certainly, future research directions will mainly address and develop the same directions we have been dealing with so far, but deepening our research in several directions, such as: regulatory aspects of international trade by investigating the extensive ramifications of the tensions that exist in the relationship between the WTO and the regional trade agreements, which we consider to be of systemic significance, as they also place strong emphasis on Romanian foreign trade and commercial policy, Romania, as an EU member, being part of more than half of the world's functioning bilateral trade agreements; geographic reorientation of Romania's foreign trade by providing studies to Romanian business agents enabling them to maximize the opportunities offered by the rich portfolio of free trade agreements made available by the European Union on the basis of the products that make up current structure.

The empirical studies carried out on Romania's foreign trade performance aimed at establishing, on the one hand, the products with which Romania is competitive in the foreign markets and which are the external markets that the Romanian products are most competitive, so that the responsible factors the Romanian foreign trade can adopt the strategy of correct and scientifically based promotion at a macroeconomic level and on the other hand to indicate to the Romanian economic agents the directions they must orientate or reorient their exports in order to maximize the derived positive effects from the EU accession, taking advantage of the free trade agreements that we have also taken as partners from the moment of Romania's accession to the EU, agreements that create us access in advantageous conditions, of high competitiveness, on foreign markets with which Romania did not agree before the EU accession, and at the same time to encourage the export activity of the Romanian economic agents that produce products identified in the researches carried out in this study, as having a high competitive potential for export on the markets concerned. In this context, we were concerned with the identification of innovative methods and strategies for establishing and capitalizing on the competitive advantages of Romanian companies with foreign trade activity as a result of our country's accession to the European Union, in order to solve the complex economic problems generated by the major trade deficit Romania, as well as the creation of mechanisms for implementing the strategies and methods resulting from the research conducted to reduce this deficit and to maximize the positive effects of Romania's accession to the EU. As it is well known, export competitiveness is a fertile ground for analyzing entrepreneurial potential and how it manifests itself, with entrepreneurial culture representing, together with other specialized factors of production, an important source of competitive advantage and one of the determinants of national competitive advantages. The analysis of the exchange ratio and coverage and specialization of the foreign trade for the whole period 1990-2016 was also carried out in order to highlight the evolution of Romania's foreign trade and the strategic role played by the European Union in this evolution. The present study presents only the analyses and their results for the period 2000-2016, considered eloquent for the European economic integration of Romania, taking into account the fact that in February 2000 the negotiations for the accession of our country to the EU started.

The potential of any organization depends, firstly, on its human potential. Human resource, especially through managerial activity, augments the material and financial potential of any organization. On the other hand, the public administration in Romania as an EU member state and elsewhere has been and still is subject to numerous criticisms concerning the functioning and quality of its provided services. The conducted research is characterized by a sequential approach. It begins by establishing the research goals, after that continues with establishing the research methodology, conducting effective research, presentation of the results representing the final stage of the paper. The overall objective of the conducted research is substantiating the importance of evaluation of human resources in public administration. Fulfilling this objective is done by pursuing and achieving the following general objectives: approaches to human resource management in public administration; highlighting the main aspects specific to the new public management (NPM); the new public management reform areas; corruption in public administration; conceptual approach in terms of performance and evaluation of human resources; performance measurement in public administration in Romania; basically a study showing the importance of evaluating human resources. Developments in the realms of economics in general and administrative sciences, in particular, raise the issue of performance measurement of the public administration in Romania from the EU perspective. There is a significant difference between the level of public services expected by citizens and the existing resources in public administration. Given this low level, an increase in the quality of these services would mean a performance increase recorded in the public sector. This paper will pursue the issue by conducting a synthesis of literature investigation. In this analysis, the paper took into account the definition of performance, based on a review of the literature and the relevant legal regulations. It took also into account an analysis on the performance measurement of the public administration in our country, as well as within the EU.

The potential of any organization depends, firstly, on its human potential. Human resource, especially through managerial activity, augments the material and financial potential of any organization. On the other hand, the public administration in Romania and elsewhere has been and is subject to numerous criticisms concerning the functioning and quality of its provided services. The conducted research is characterized by a sequential approach. It begins by establishing the research goals, after that continues with establishing the research methodology, conducting effective research, presentation of the results representing the final stage of the paper. The overall objective of the conducted research is substantiating the importance of evaluation of human resources in public administration. Fulfilling this objective is done by pursuing and achieving the following general objectives: approaches to human resource management in public administration; highlighting the main aspects specific to the new public management (NPM); the new public management reform areas; corruption in public administration; conceptual approach in terms of performance and evaluation of human resources; performance measurement in public administration in Romania; basically a study showing the importance of evaluating human resources. The approach process of the human resources management in the public sector requires a particle analysis framework to be able to highlight the influence that the political side it has on its evolution. Rosembloom (1982) considers that a long time has been pursued an assimilation of values from the private into the public domain in the management process in general and of human resources in particular. In this section we try to present what are the main approaches to human resource management in public administration, focusing on their sizing and performance evaluation in relation to the volume and quality level of activities. We will also highlight the role of management control in increasing the performance of human resources in public administration, in the EU context.

Romania’s accession to the EU was a difficult task, but doable. However, the results of this accession are only now taking shape in the form of export orientation and competitiveness. This paper thoroughly analyses the aspects regarding Romania’s foreign trade, based on the classification used by Lall (2000), with the data provided by the National Institute of Statistics on the Combined Nomenclature XXII sections, covering the 1991 – 2012 period. Furthermore, the paper addresses the concept of comparative advantage based on the Lafay indicator of Romania’s foreign trade during 1991 - 2012. The indicator is calculated based on the statistical data offered by the National Institute of Statistics of the combined nomenclature with its XXII sections combined with Lall (2000) classification. The conclusions based on prior results try to assess whether the accession to the EU has had a beneficial or harmful effect on Romania’s international trade and its comparative advantages.