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Indonesia possesses 386 plant species that are categorized as threatened. Dipterocarpaceae contributes the largest number, reaching 36.79 % of the total threatened plant species, followed by Myristicaceae (13.73 %) and Nepenthaceae (6.99%). Of these 386 threatened species, 29.27 % are critically endangered, 17.88% are endangered, and 52.85 % are vulnerable. Bogor Botanic Garden recently maintains 68 threathened plant species if Orchidaceae and Nepenthaceae members are not included on the list. Two species have been regarded as extinct, namely Dipterocarpus cinereus and Calamus spectabilis, while two other species are regarded as extinct in the wild (Mangifera casturi, and Mangifera rubropetala). This information can be useful for everyone for different purposes, especially for those who concern in the conservation of threatened plant species in Indonesia.

Interaction between epiphyte Hoyo diversifolia Blume (Asclepiadaceae) and ants (Formicidae) was observed in Bogor Botanical Garden. Five species of ants were noted to be involved in the interaction, namely Acropygo sp., Pseudolosius sp., Oecophylla sp., Myrmoteros sp. and Euprenotepis sp. They exhibit a mutualism symbiotic interaction in an optional (facultative) manner. The ants take some advantages of floral and extra floral nectarines for food and apparently receive protection for their nests by seedlings of H. diversifolia. Meanwhile seed of H. diversifolia is carried out and dispersed by ants to some favourable sites to grow.