Search

THE SCHOLARSHIP ON TWENTIETH-CENTURY REFUGEE MOVEMENT highlights the persecution of national, ethnic, and religious minorities arising from state and nation-building. (2) The very structure and function of modern nation-states made [...]

En mai 2012, trois ministres du gouvernement quebecois annoncaient une nouvelle politique gouvernementale, Vieillir et vivre ensemble, qui vise notamment a << mieux soutenir les personnes ainees a domicile et dans la communaute>>. En depit du rehaussement annonce des credits des services a domicile (SAD), on peut se demander si cette politique intersectorielle favorisera davantage le soutien des aines dans leur milieu de vie que les politiques precedentes du secteur de la sante et des services sociaux. Dans cet article, nous nous concentrerons sur une des lacunes de ces politiques anterieures, soit leur dificulte a doter les SAD d'une valeur intrinseque en mesure de rivaliser avec celle dont beneficient les services medico-hospitaliers. Nous montrerons d'abord que la hausse des depenses en SAD observee au fil des ans a en bonne partie servi a donner a domicile des soins dispenses jusque la a l'hopital, reduisant ainsi la capacite d'offrir des services d'aide a domicile a long terme, selon l'intensite requise, auxpersonnes agees souhaitant vieillir chez elles. Nous montrerons ensuite que cette priorite accordee aux soins post-hospitaliers s'exprime dans les indicateurs utilises par le ministere de la Sante et des Services sociaux pour rendre compte de ce que les SAD reussissent, ou ne reussissent pas. En adoptant ces deux angles d'analyse, nous tentons de degager quelques pistes pour accentuer ce virage, depuis longtemps annonce, qui ferait du domicile le lieu a partir duquel serait pensee l'organisation des services aux aines en perte d'autonomie. In May of 2012, three Quebec government departments announced a new policy, Aging and Living Together, intended largely to "improve support to seniors at home and in the community." Despite the announced increase in credits for home support services (HSS), there are grounds for wondering whether this interdepartmental policy will actually promote support to seniors, in their own living environment, more than previous policies in the health and social services sector. In this article, we will concentrate on one weakness of these previous policies, namely the difficulty of endowing HSS with an intrinsic value to rival that enjoyed by health care and hospitals. We will start by demonstrating that the increase in expenditures on HSS over the years has in large part been used to provide home care services that were previously delivered in hospital, thus reducing the capacity for offering long-term home support services, at the required level of intensity, to seniors who wish to grow old at home. We will then show that this prioritization of post-hospital care is expressed in the indicators used by the Department of Health and Social Services to report on the success--or lack thereof--of home support services. By analyzing HSS from these two angles, we will attempt to identify steps that can be taken to reinforce this long-heralded change in direction toward making the home the focal point in thinking about the way we design services for seniors who face the loss of some of their independence., Au printemps 2011, le premier ministre du Quebec annoncait un budget additionnel recurrent de l'ordre de 200 millions de dollars par annee pour financer un << nouveau plan de services [...]

The largest group of migrants in Germany is the Turkish people, many of whom have low skills levels, are Muslim, and are slow to integrate themselves into their host communities. German immigration policy has been significantly revised since the early 1990s, and a new Immigration Act came into force in 2005, containing more inclusive stances on citizenship and integration of migrants. There is a strong rhetoric of acceptance and open doors, within certain parameters, but the gap between the rhetoric and practice is still wide enough to allow many migrants, particularly women, to fall through it. Turkish-Muslim women bear the brunt of the difficulties faced once they have arrived in Germany, and many of them are subject to domestic abuse, joblessness and poverty because of their invisibility to the German state, which is the case largely because German immigration policy does not fully realise a role and place for women migrants. The policy also does not sufficiently account for ethnic and cultural identification, or limitations faced by migrants in that while it speaks to integration, it does not fully enable this process to take place effectively. Even though it has made many advances in recent years towards a more open and inclusive immigration policy, Germany is still a 'reluctant' country of immigration, and this reluctance stops it from making any real strides towards integrating migrants fully into German society at large. The German government needs to take a much firmer stance on the roles of migrant women in its society, and the nature of the ethnic and religious identities of Muslim immigrants, in order to both create and implement immigration policy that truly allows immigrants to become full and contributing members to German social and economic life, and to bring it in line with the European Union's common directives on immigration. Keywords: ethnicity; European Union; exclusion; Germany; guest workers; immigration; immigration policy; Turkish-Muslim women., Introduction Germany has recently implemented a new Immigration Act (2005) after a lengthy process of negotiation and debate, and has been struggling with issues of self-definition related to whether or [...]

"A common resettlement instrument should be created. Resettlement programmes should be used strategically to complement and encourage additional durable solutions in host countries (local integration) and countries of origin (return) [...]

As the enlargement of the European Union (EU) increases the scope and population of Europe, social integration has been pushed to the forefront of political debate. Over the past decade, [...]

Abstract New Zealand's approach to retirement incomes profoundly changed with the recent introduction of KiwiSaver and its associated tax incentives. Previous policy reduced lifetime inequality, but KiwiSaver and its tax [...]

Abstract KiwiSaver is the world's first national auto-enrolment savings scheme. So far only one other country--the United Kingdom--has committed to auto-enrolment on a national scale. Both schemes aim to increase [...]

Abstract The introduction of the defined contribution KiwiSaver scheme into the New Zealand retirement income policy landscape has caused some expressions of concern, particularly in the light of the associated [...]

The federal government adopted several measures during the mid-1990s to address concerns about race-based and class-based disparities in environmental protection. This article examines whether these measures affected the pattern of state enforcement of three federal pollution control laws. Using differences-in-differences models to estimate the effects of the federal policy adoption, I find evidence of increases in state enforcement of the Clean Air Act in large African-American communities, but declines in enforcement in communities with large poor and Hispanic populations. Similarly, there is evidence that state enforcement of the Clean Water Act decreased in poor and African-American communities, but there were no real changes in enforcement of facilities regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Collectively, the analysis suggests that the federal policy had minimal positive effects on state regulatory enforcement. KEY WORDS: environmental justice, regulatory enforcement, state policy, federalism, Introduction Mounting evidence that minority and low-income groups faced disproportionate environmental risks led governments at all levels in the 1990s to undertake actions in attempt to remedy such inequities. The [...]

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IS AN AGE-OLD PHENOMENON; HOWEVER, ECONOMIC globalization and responses of nation-states to this transformation have reframed migration in the contemporary era. We use the phrase global disciplinary strategies [...]

On a recent trip to Pittsburgh, I was struck by the close proximity of churches and nightclubs, a good number within a few feet of each other and, in a [...]

Abstract This article considers the challenges and opportunities facing contemporary child protection practice and contends that a meaningful understanding of child protection can best be gleaned by examining how practice [...]

Abstract Access to protection orders for women experiencing domestic violence has recently been identified as a problem in New Zealand, and ways of addressing this problem are now being developed. [...]

Abstract New Zealand's paid parental leave policy was introduced in 2001. Since then it has been altered a number of times, including an extension to its length and a loosening [...]

In this paper I examine the effects of a means-tested transfer system in Japan ('1.03 million yen ceiling') in a dynamic labor supply model with endogenous retirement. In Japan, married women have reason to limit their annual earnings to no more than 1.03 million yen in order to receive a number of benefits available to low-income wives, and in fact often choose to do so. In a dynamic model, the optimal labor supply schedule follows a pattern that is not seen in a static framework, which I call the 'spillover effect.' The paper also examines the properties of dynamic welfare cost of this ceiling. (JEL J22, H24, H55), I. INTRODUCTION The '1.03 million yen ceiling,' which in this paper refers to the tendency of married women in Japan who work part time to limit their earnings to no [...]

Abstract. The present study analyzed identification procedures and explored the possibility of dyslexia overidentification in Greece. Data from various institutional sources provided evidence that the prevalence rate of dyslexia in [...]

As the world hurtles headlong into the deepest global recession since the Great Depression, the controversial cultural and economic tensions that have always existed around the sensitive topics of immigration [...]

This article examines contemporary concerns about citizenship, security, and development against the backdrop of an emergent "MexAmerica." It. seeks to de-routinize the idea of the nation-state and de-naturalize the history [...]

Abstract: In this article, the author examines Russian attitudes and policies toward international adoption and human trafficking--two trends not regularly addressed in discussions of the demographic problems facing Russia. The [...]

THE PASSAGE BY CONGRESS OF THE PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND WORK Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in 1996 signaled the triumph of individual over collective responsibility for the nation s poorest families. [...]

In the late winter and early spring of 1830 members of the United States Congress debated a bill to enable the federal government to undertake the expulsion of thousands of [...]

In 1911, automobiles were officially admitted into Banff National Park, as the federal government lifted its six-year ban. (2) In celebration of the announcement, members of the Calgary Automobile Club [...]

ON THE MORNING OF MARCH 3, 1970, THREE BUSES CARRYING BLACK schoolchildren arrived at Lamar High School in Lamar, South Carolina, a small town in the eastern part of the [...]

IT COMES AS NO SURPRISE TO LEARN THAT THROUGH THE 1920S AND 1930s, the national government insisted it had no jurisdiction to investigate lynching and instead waged a campaign against [...]

This was not the kind of multicultural harmony the visitor from Germany would have expected. It was a cold winter evening in Montreal when a heated debate took place in [...]

Abstract This paper attempts to analyse sexual inequality as it affects the health of women in Nigeria. Various theories that inform the study of women are briefly discussed along with [...]

THE HISTORY OF PROSTITUTION IS NOW a classic field of the history of sexuality in many countries, especially during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. (1) Historians have been particularly interested [...]

This study adds to the limited literature on the demand for casino gaming. The major focus is on the effect of a statewide smoking ban. A system of slot machine demand equations, one each for the three Delaware racinos (racetrack casinos), was developed. The number of slot machines at a racino, at competing in-state racinos, and income were significant demand determinants. Competing out-of-state gaming venues had insignificant effects on gaming demand over the study period. The smoking ban had a significant negative impact on demand, which was not significantly different across the three racinos. The smoking ban reduced gaming demand 15.9%. (JEL L83), I. INTRODUCTION There is a sparse literature on the determinants of the demand for casino-style gaming. This study adds to that literature. A major focus of this analysis is on [...]

Over a decade after the release of the 1994 United Nations human development report, conversations about human security retain an academic tone. Perhaps this was to be expected. After all, [...]

MIGRATION SYSTEMS, MANAGED MIGRATION, AND TEMPORARY FOREIGN WORKER PROGRAMS Like international trade patterns between exporting and importing countries, the movement of people across national-state boundaries follows a similarly-observable set of [...]

In this paper I deal with three broad subjects: First, the content and consequences of the Carter administration's human rights policy; Second, the prerequisites of a more adequate theory of [...]

This article examines the Muslim headscarf in light of recent debates about the accommodation of religion in U.S. public institutions. Recent quarrels over such matters as the phrase 'one nation under God' in the Pledge of Allegiance and the posting of the Ten Commandments in courthouses and other government buildings, foreground American attitudes about whether wearing the Muslim headscarf is a practice deserving First Amendment protection. What legal claims have been raised by or on behalf of Muslim women wearing the headscarf in the United States? How do these comport with judicial doctrine on the separation of church and state? And what roles have religious advocacy groups played in promoting positions that have a bearing on how the headscarf is viewed? Viewing the law of regulation as productive rather than protective of the subject, this article analyzes how discourses and practices of secularism have been formed with respect to the question of wearing the Muslim headscarf in a variety of contexts., The controversy over the French government's recent ban on the Muslim veil (voile) or headscarf (foulard) in public schools garnered many headlines within France and in the international media. Stating [...]

Introduction From the mid 1970s, Australian parliaments enacted legislation for the stated purpose of addressing discrimination in the paid labour force, including more recently in relation to the issues of [...]

There is very little research on whether global human rights regimes serve as tools for the promotion of a domestic agenda of rights within democratic states, although their role under [...]

Since the early 1980s Australian public policy has undergone the most major transformation since Federation. This transformation has been underwritten by two key principles: liberalism--the view that citizens are autonomous individual actors whose interests are best served when they are free from coercive government interventions into individual action; and marketisation --the belief that free markets are arenas which best enable individual autonomy and produce efficient economic outcomes. These principles define 'neoliberalism' or 'hard liberalism'. After summarising the major policy changes identified with neoliberalism in Australia, the paper introduces a new research project that examines its impact on socioeconomic inequality, gender inequality and politics and culture. Inspection of relevant data indicates that there are important trends in inequality, public opinion and political behaviour that warrant this investigation. Keywords: Neoliberalism, Inequality, Politics, The 1980s and 1990s saw the most profound transformation of Australian public policy since World War II and one that fundamentally reworked a framework in place since Federation (Castles et [...]

Immigrant settlement patterns are inherently more dynamic and diverse than those observed at the time of the census. In particular, it is likely that the intended settlement pattern (the destination stated to immigration officials at the time of entry) differs from the initial settlement pattern (the actual settlement location). At best, previous research has relied upon census data to illuminate these patterns, bur only allowing a rough estimate of the dynamics of the system. As a result, spatial adjustments to the settlement process are only partially understood, with limited distinctions between recent and earlier arrivals, those who settled after a series of moves, or those that did not move at all after arrival. Using the recently released Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC), this article examines differences in the evolution of the settlement pattern of immigrants in their first 6 months in Canada, potentially illuminating differences between the intended and initial settlement patterns. The advantage of this file is its longitudinal nature, allowing settlement location of the same individuals to be traced over time. Results suggest that while mobility is high among the newest arrivals, the intended and initial destinations are largely equivalent. Les processus d'etablissement des immigrants sont, de facon inherente, plus dynamiques et diversifies que ceux qui ont ete observes au moment du recensement. A cet effet, il est possible que le processus prevu (le lieu d'etablissement declare aux agents de l'immigration a l'arrivee au pays) differe du processus d'etablissement initial (le lieu d'etablissement dans les faits). Dans le meilleur des cas, les recherches anterieures se sont appuyees sur des donnees de recensement pour expliquer ces processus. Ces etudes ne permettent toutefois qu'une evaluation grossiere de la dynamique du systeme. De ce fait, les ajustements spatiaux propre au processus d'etablissement ne sont pas entierement compris et distinguent mal les immigrants recemment arrives des groupes precedents: ceux qui se sont etablis apres une serie de demenagements ou ceux qui n'ont pas demenage depuis leur arrivee. Cet article s'appuie sur des donnees recemment publiees par l'Enquete Longitudinale aupres des Immigrants du Canada (ELIC), dans le but d'etudier les differences au niveau de l'evolution de l'etablissement des immigrants durant les six premiers mois au Canada. II pourrait mettre en lumiere les differences entre l'etablissement prevu et initial. L'avantage de ces donnees est leur nature longitudinale., Introduction The distribution of Canada's immigrant population largely reflects previous immigration history and channelized migration flows, particularly to the three immigrant magnets of Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal. Despite hopes or [...]

The fin-de-siecle French finance minister Maurice Rouvier once stated that France was 'not rich enough to fight alcoholism.' (1) Alcohol helped to underpin the French economy, while contributing in its [...]

This article identifies the predictors of child poverty rates at the state level before and after the adoption and implementation of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. The analysis shows that the most important state-level factors that influence child poverty rates are demographics, the health and viability of the state economy, and often the generosity, inclusiveness, and quality of state welfare programs. States with large numbers of black citizens, and those that score highest on infant mortality, teen births, births to unmarried women, children living with a parent without a high school degree, and children living with a single parent have the highest rates of child poverty. Child poverty rates are lowest in states that suffer less unemployment, and in wealthier states. States that score higher on per capita personal income, tax revenues, and taxable resources have lower child poverty rates. While specific 'tough' welfare policies adopted by some states seem to have no impact on child poverty rates, we tested for the first time a sophisticated measure of the overall quality of state welfare programs. The analysis reveals that the global quality of a state's welfare programs is often an independent predictor of child poverty. States with the most generous, inclusive, and supportive welfare programs have done the best job of lowering and containing child poverty. KEY WORDS: poverty, child poverty, TANF, The passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) ushered in a new approach to American welfare (Blank, 2002a; Harvard Law Review, 1996; Lieberman & [...]

The banning of the hijab along with other religious symbols in French public schools from 1st September 2004 can be cited as an example of a complex issue. It is also an example of policy making, that treats the wearing of the hijab (and other religious symbols) as representative of an essentialist religious category that is symbolic of both identity and worldview. All religious symbols in public schools are banned, but the discretion is with local schools as to how the law will be managed through discussion with the student. This article addresses the policy by 'unfolding' the values of the different stakeholders and 'sweeping in' the social, cultural, political, economic and environmental factors (adapted from Churchman, 1979a,b, 1984, who cites Edgar Singer). Both cultures Christian and Muslim need to consider the merits of using the least powerful as a site for the struggle over identity politics, shorthand for the systemic fall out post 9/11. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Keywords hijab; human rights; subsidiarity; systemic governance, INTRODUCTION 'Vision is always a question of the power to see and perhaps of the violence implicit in our visualizing practices' (Donna Haraway in Fine et al., 2000, 108) Some [...]

The 'events' around Dominique de Villepin's abortive promotion of the CPE in spring 2006 were seen by many as a great popular victory in the defense of France's social model [...]

Les femmes autochtones du Canada subissent de serieuses violations des droits humains, en particulier d'un taux de violence inacceptable. Cet article decrit comment l'extreme violence raciale envers les femmes autochtones [...]

WHEN IN THE SUMMER OF 2002 THE WORLD' S MEDIA ATTENTION WAS ON TORONTO, thanks to the visit of Pope John Paul II, the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP) used [...]

THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS' LONG STRUGGLE AGAINST APARTHEID RAISED expectations considerably for political liberation as well as economic and social transformation among the working classes and poor communities in South [...]

Welfare Privatization: A New Arena of Class Struggle CLAIMING THAT THE PRIVATIZATION OF SERVICES INCREASED THEIR COST-EFFECTIVENESS and efficiency, the United States Congress authorized the privatization of a wider range [...]

Australia recently enacted welfare-to-work reforms for sole parents, the partially disabled and the long-term unemployed. At the same time, it enacted labour law reforms which dismantled labour law award protections in favour of 'individual bargaining'. This paper argues that the combined effect of these reforms not only brings about closer integration between social security and labour law, but also increases the 'disciplinary' controls over the lives of welfare clients, while also degrading the conditions of the most vulnerable welfare clients, whether they are in work (on reduced employment conditions) or on welfare (on less generous benefits). Keywords: Welfare reform, activation, welfare-to-work, breaching, A. Introduction The 2005 Federal Budget heralded a major Government investment in 'welfare-to-work' reforms first canvassed in the 'McClure Report' of the Reference Group on Welfare Reform (McClure, 2000). Among [...]

CONTEXT: Although Guatemalan law permits induced abortion only to save a woman's life, many women obtain abortions, often under unsafe conditions and in response to an unintended pregnancy. Recent studies [...]

Recent legislation has produced a dramatic rise in the detention and removal of immigrants from the United States. Drawing on interviews with a random sample of Salvadoran deportees, we examine treatment during arrest and detention. Our findings indicate: (1) deportees are often subject to verbal harassment, procedural failings and use of force; (2) force tends to be excessive; (3) force is more common against deportees than citizens; (4) situational contingencies and organizational actors influence force, but ecological settings do not., Departing from immigration policies of the previous three decades that granted immigrants increasing rights and privileges, the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) strengthened the enforcement arm [...]

The number of undocumented foreign nationals living in the United States today is estimated at more than 12 million. The lack of adequate economic opportunities in other countries continues to [...]

The same factors appear to drive early childhood policy in all parts of the world, including the importance accorded to early childhood education, national goals, governments' beliefs about their role [...]