190 results on '"Shmelev A"'
Search Results
2. Choosing the Best Treatment Approach for Axial Vein Reflux: Thermal versus Nonthermal Approaches
- Author
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Ramona Gupta and Karen Shmelev
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Radiofrequency ablation ,Chronic venous insufficiency ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,030230 surgery ,law.invention ,Polidocanol ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Varicose veins ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Lipodermatosclerosis ,Vein ,Tumescent anesthesia ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Interventional radiology ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Chronic venous insufficiency is a common and treatable medical condition which has a high morbidity if left untreated, progressing to lower extremity edema, skin changes of lipodermatosclerosis, and venous ulceration. Treatment options have significantly expanded over the last several decades, shifting away from the traditional surgical approach to more minimally invasive procedures such as endoluminal venous laser ablation or radiofrequency ablation. Even more recently, several techniques using nonthermal methods to ablate varicose veins have been developed, which offer the advantage of not requiring labor-intensive and painful tumescent anesthesia to protect the surrounding tissues. These techniques include mechanochemical ablation, cyanoacrylate closure, or polidocanol microfoam injection and can be offered to a wider range of patients without the need for sedation while offering similar closure rates and improved postprocedure symptom profile. Furthermore, certain patient characteristics which might preclude or complicate the use of thermal ablation methods might not pose a problem with nonthermal nontumescent methods.
- Published
- 2021
3. Heteroleptic cadmium(ii) and terbium(iii) pentafluorobenzoate-benzoate and pentafluorobenzoate-2-furancarboxylate compounds
- Author
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Igor L. Eremenko, Yu. V. Nelyubina, M. A. Shmelev, Fedor M. Dolgushin, N. V. Gogoleva, G. N. Kuznetsova, Mikhail A. Kiskin, and Alexey A. Sidorov
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Aqueous solution ,Coordination polymer ,Supramolecular chemistry ,Cationic polymerization ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Terbium ,General Chemistry ,Crystal structure ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Polymer chemistry ,Molecule ,Crystallization - Abstract
Heteroleptic cadmium(ii) carboxylates with anions of pentafluorobenzoic (pfb), benzoic (bz), and 2-furancarboxylic (fur) acids were prepared by the crystallization from aqueous solutions. The cadmium(ii) pentafluorobenzoate-benzoate complex is structurally similar to the starting compound [Cd(pfb)(H2O)4]n • n(pfb): bz anions are involved in the cationic 1D polymer {[Cd(bz)(H2O)3]n}n+, whereas pfb anions are outer-sphere. The pentafluorobenzoate-2-furan-carboxylate compound [Cd(fur)(pfb)(H2O)2]n•n(H2O) is a 1D coordination polymer. The heteroleptic TbIII complex [Tb2(bz)2(pfb)4(H2O)2(EtOH)2]•2Hbz has a molecular structure. The supramolecular crystal structures of the new compounds are stabilized by non-covalent interactions.
- Published
- 2021
4. Orbicular Peridotites of the Polar Urals: New Evidence of Magmatic Impregnation in Ophiolites
- Author
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Vladimir R. Shmelev, V. G. Kotelnikov, and M. V. Chervyakovskaya
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Basalt ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Olivine ,Pargasite ,Geochemistry ,Massif ,engineering.material ,Ophiolite ,law.invention ,Matrix (geology) ,law ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,engineering ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Crystallization ,Geology ,Geochemical modeling - Abstract
Peridotites of an unusual orbicular structure, attributed to the impregnated type of rocks, were found in ophiolites of the Voikar massif (Polar Urals). Orbicules in these rocks are composed of a secondary clinochlore–diopside aggregate containing grains of primary clinopyroxene and pargasite. The morphology and composition of orbicules make it possible to attribute them to segregations (globules) of the melt in the olivine matrix of peridotites that have experienced partial crystallization in situ. According to geochemical modeling results, these melts had characteristics transitional to boninites, corresponding to the suprasubduction conditions. The formation of orbicular peridotites was associated with blocking intergranular channels of the percolating basaltic melts.
- Published
- 2021
5. Effect of Synthesis Conditions on the Composition and Structure of Chromium(III) Complexes with Cyclobutane-1,1-Dicarboxylic Acid Anions
- Author
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E. S. Bazhina, Alexander A. Korlyukov, M. A. Shmelev, Igor L. Eremenko, and Mikhail A. Kiskin
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Recrystallization (geology) ,General Chemical Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Chemistry ,Crystal structure ,010402 general chemistry ,010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Medicinal chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Cyclobutane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chromium ,Dicarboxylic acid ,chemistry ,law ,Methanol ,Diethyl ether ,Crystallization - Abstract
The reaction of Cr(NO3)3·9H2O with potassium cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate (K2(Cbdc)) in 1 : 3 ratio was studied. It was shown that, depending on the reaction conditions and the solvents used for synthesis and crystallization, compounds of various compositions and structures can be isolated from the reaction system. Conducting the reaction in water followed by recrystallization from ethanol and methanol results in isolation of 2D polymeric complexes [KCr(Cbdc)2(H2O)2]n (I) and {[K4Cr2(OMe)2(Cbdc)4(MeOH)6]· MeOH}n (II), respectively. The addition of excess KOH to the same reaction mixture and recrystallization from alcohols gives rise to the crystals of 3D polymeric compound [K3Cr(Cbdc)3(H2O)2]n (III). Conducting the reaction in methanol followed by slow diffusion of diethyl ether affords complex [K3Cr(Cbdc)3(MeOH)2(H2O)2]n (IV) with a 2D polymeric structure. The crystal structures of compounds I–IV were determined by X-ray diffraction (CIF files CCDC nos. 2006090 (I), 2006109 (II), 2006116 (III), and 2 006 117 (IV)).
- Published
- 2021
6. Model of Cathode Spots Crater Formation and Deuterium Desorption Process on Zirconium Deuterium Electrode
- Author
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Xiao Zhang, Jiagang Li, Dmitry L. Shmelev, Lijun Wang, and Ming Luo
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Zirconium ,Materials science ,Number density ,Analytical chemistry ,Evaporation ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plasma ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Cathode ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Ion ,law.invention ,Deuterium ,chemistry ,law ,Desorption ,0103 physical sciences - Abstract
In this article, the model including cathode spot process and deuterium desorption process on zirconium deuterium cathode is developed. Five kinds of particle fluxes on cathode surface and three mechanisms affecting deuterium diffusion in cathode are considered. The model not only describes the deformation of cathode metal, but also describes the variation of deuterium concentration with time. On pure zirconium cathode, the mean charge state is larger but on zirconium deuterium cathode, the total ion number density is larger since there are additional deuterium ions, and simulation results show the discharge currents are very close on the two cathodes, the energy flux density on ZrD0.66 cathode is larger so cathode spot crater develops faster on ZrD0.66 cathode. Ablation rates caused by different mechanisms are calculated and the results show in cathode spot development process, mass loss caused by evaporation is ignored, most of the liquid metal will resolidify on cathode surface, and droplets are the main reason for cathode ablation. The ablation rates due to the ejection of droplets are close to experimental results. The ratios of deuterium ion from different mechanisms in this process are also calculated and it is 93.5% in simulation. Simulation results are in agreement with the other researchers’ works.
- Published
- 2021
7. YVO4:Yb,Er Upconversion Nanoparticles for Biovisualization: A Biocompatible Probe in Grape Snails
- Author
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Vladimir S. Lobkov, Kh. L. Gainutdinov, Victor G. Nikiforov, A. V. Leontyev, D. K. Zharkov, Masfer Alkahtani, Philip R. Hemmer, L. N. Muranova, V. V. Andrianov, and A. G. Shmelev
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Aqueous solution ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanoparticle ,Laser ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Colloid ,Upconversion nanoparticles ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Continuous wave ,Irradiation ,Luminescence - Abstract
YVO4:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are synthesized to study the possibility of using them as nanoprobes to solve biological problems. Aqueous colloidal solutions of UCNPs are injected into the bodies of grape snails. When preparations from animal organs are irradiated with a continuous wave (CW) laser at a wavelength of 980 nm, luminescence is observed in the region of 520–560 nm, due to radiative transitions in Er3+ ions. A comparative analysis of the behavioral activity of animals with injected nanoparticles and control animals with no nanoparticles reveals no signs of toxicity. The nanoparticles are promising as luminescence nanoprobes in biological problems.
- Published
- 2020
8. Effect of the Conditions of Synthesis on the Luminescent Properties of Upconversion Nanoparticles YVO4:Yb,Er
- Author
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A. V. Leontyev, Vladimir S. Lobkov, Masfer Alkahtani, Victor G. Nikiforov, Philip R. Hemmer, A. G. Shmelev, N. V. Kurbatova, and D. K. Zharkov
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010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Doping ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanoparticle ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Hydrothermal circulation ,Ion ,law.invention ,symbols.namesake ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Microscopy ,symbols ,Electron microscope ,Luminescence ,Raman spectroscopy - Abstract
Nanoparticles of YVO4 doped with Yb3+ and Er3+ ions, which exhibit upconversion luminescence upon cw laser excitation at 980 nm, are synthesized according to the familiar hydrothermal procedure. Physical and structural features of intermediate products obtained at different technological stages of creating upconversion nanoparticles are established via electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and luminescence microscopy.
- Published
- 2020
9. Barium(II)–Chromium(III) Coordination Polymers Based on Dimethylmalonate Anions: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Magnetic Properties, and EPR Spectra
- Author
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Alexander A. Korlyukov, Andrey V. Khoroshilov, Mikhail A. Kiskin, Nikolay N. Efimov, Denis V. Korchagin, Vadim V. Minin, M. A. Shmelev, Alyona A. Starikova, E. S. Bazhina, Sergey Yu. Kottsov, Konstantin A. Babeshkin, Igor L. Eremenko, and Elena A. Ugolkova
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Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromium ,Chemistry ,law ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Physical chemistry ,Barium ,Polymer ,Crystal structure ,Electron paramagnetic resonance ,Spectral line ,law.invention - Published
- 2020
10. Microwave Setup of a Megawatt Power Level for the ECR Plasma Heating and Current Drive System of the T-15MD Tokamak
- Author
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Mikhail I. Bakulin, I. S. Baber, I. I. Leonov, K. A. Zhurin, P. P. Khvostenko, A. G. Eremeev, Gregory G. Denisov, A. V. Chirkov, E. A. Kopelovich, M. Yu. Glyavin, M. V. Kuznetsov, V. I. Malygin, B. Z. Movshevich, N. A. Kirneva, V. I. Belousov, Alexander I. Tsvetkov, E. M. Tai, E. A. Soluyanova, M. M. Troitskiy, N. I. Karpov, I. A. Varygin, I.O. Anashkin, M. Yu. Shmelev, and I. N. Roy
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Tokamak ,Nuclear engineering ,Response time ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Aspect ratio (image) ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Power (physics) ,law.invention ,Magnetic field ,law ,Transmission line ,Gyrotron ,0103 physical sciences ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,010306 general physics ,Microwave - Abstract
As part of the creation of a unique T-15MD tokamak with a magnetic field of 2 T and an aspect ratio of 2.2, the first one of a series (8 pieces) of microwave setups of a megawatt power level for electron–cyclotron plasma heating and current drive was developed and successfully tested. The setup includes a gyrotron, power supplies, a microwave radiation transmission line, and a fast (response time is no more than 10 μs) gyrotron emergency protection system. The generation regime was experimentally demonstrated with the parameters 1 MW/30 s/82.6 GHz for an efficiency of 57%.
- Published
- 2020
11. Development of Electrodynamic Components for Microwave Electronic Devices Using the Technology of 3D Photopolymer Printing with Chemical Surface Metallization
- Author
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A. E. Fedotov, N. Yu. Peskov, A. A. Vikharev, P. B. Makhalov, M. D. Proyavin, M. Yu. Shmelev, Dmitry I. Sobolev, and S. V. Kuzikov
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Quantum optics ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Waveguide (electromagnetism) ,business.industry ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Undulator ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Ribbon ,Cathode ray ,Optoelectronics ,Electronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,010306 general physics ,business ,Microwave - Abstract
We study the possibility of using the technology of 3D photopolymer printing with subsequent metallization of working surfaces for developing electrodynamic components of microwave devices. The technology applicability is considered by examples of mockups of a profiled helical waveguide for a microwave undulator of a Compton free-electron laser and a periodic slow-wave system of a backward-wave oscillator with a ribbon electron beam. The results of “cold” measurements of the parameters of these electrodynamic systems are presented and good agreement with the simulation results is obtained, which confirms the prospects of using additive technologies for developing components of the vacuum microwave electronic devices.
- Published
- 2020
12. WS 2 /MoS 2 Heterostructures through Thermal Treatment of MoS 2 Layers Electrostatically Functionalized with W 3 S 4 Molecular Clusters
- Author
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Andrei N. Khlobystov, Antonio Alberola, Marc Morant-Giner, Artem L. Gushchin, Nikita Y. Shmelev, Eugenio Coronado, Isaac Brotons-Alcázar, Josep Canet-Ferrer, Luke T. Norman, Sergio Tatay, and Alicia Forment-Aliaga
- Subjects
Coupling ,Photoluminescence ,010405 organic chemistry ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Heterojunction ,General Chemistry ,Thermal treatment ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Homogeneous distribution ,Catalysis ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Transition metal ,law ,Cluster (physics) ,Optoelectronics ,Calcination ,business - Abstract
The preparation of 2D stacked layers combining flakes of different nature gives rise to countless numbers of heterostructures where new band alignments, defined at the interfaces, control the electronic properties of the system. Among the large family of 2D/2D heterostructures, the one formed by the combination of the most common semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides, WS2 /MoS2 , has awakened great interest owing to its photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical properties. Solution as well as dry physical methods have been developed to optimize the synthesis of these heterostructures. Here, a suspension of negatively charged MoS2 flakes is mixed with a methanolic solution of a cationic W3 S4 -core cluster, giving rise to a homogeneous distribution of the clusters over the layers. In a second step, a calcination of this molecular/2D heterostructure under N2 leads to the formation of clean WS2 /MoS2 heterostructures, where the photoluminescence of both counterparts is quenched, proving an efficient interlayer coupling. Thus, this chemical method combines the advantages of a solution approach (simple, scalable, and low-cost) with the good quality interfaces reached by using more complicated traditional physical methods.
- Published
- 2020
13. Generation of the Second Harmonic in Metacrylic Polymer Electret Films Doped with Organic Chromophores
- Author
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A. Sh. Mukhtarov, A.V. Leontyev, Alexey A. Kalinin, D. K. Zharkov, M. Yu. Balakina, Liliya N. Islamova, Victor G. Nikiforov, G. M. Fazleeva, Vladimir S. Lobkov, A. G. Shmelev, and Tatyana A. Vakhonina
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,Doping ,Physics::Optics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Polymer ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Wavelength ,chemistry ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Femtosecond ,Harmonic ,Optoelectronics ,Electret ,business ,Beam (structure) - Abstract
Using amplified femtosecond pulses at a wavelength of 1028 nm, the second harmonic is generated at a wavelength of 514 nm by composite polymer films containing D-π-A (push–pull) chromophores with quadratic optical nonlinearity. It is shown that these films are photostable with respect to laser pulses having peak intensities of up to 11.6 GW/cm2. The effective generation of the second harmonic is observed in a wide range of pump beam incidence angles (20°–80°) with a maximum in the vicinity of 60°.
- Published
- 2019
14. Macro Sustainability across Countries: Key Sector Environmentally Extended Input-Output Analysis
- Author
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Harrison Roger Brook and Stanislav E. Shmelev
- Subjects
China ,Input–output model ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Financial intermediary ,TJ807-830 ,Linkage (mechanical) ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,Renewable energy sources ,law.invention ,law ,Germany ,GE1-350 ,ELECTRE ,Macro ,environmentally extended input-output analysis ,USA ,ELECTRE III ,Sustainable development ,Sweden ,Hierarchy ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Environmental economics ,multi-criteria decision aid ,Environmental sciences ,sustainability assessment ,Austria ,Sustainability ,Business ,France - Abstract
When formulating economic development strategies, the environment and society must be considered to preserve well-being. This paper proposes a comparative sustainability assessment method using environmentally extended input-output analysis and multi-criteria decision aid. Using symmetric input-output tables and sectoral CO2 emissions and employment data for six countries, linkage coefficients are calculated for 163 sectors in each country. Multi-criteria decision aid tool, ELECTRE III, is used to derive outranking relationships among each country’s sectors using these coefficients as criteria, resulting in a hierarchy of sectors ordered by sustainability. Sectors that frequently appear at the top of the six hierarchies included education, health care, construction, and financial intermediation. China’s results differ significantly because of its concentration of economic activity on the primary/secondary sectors. The results can enable identification of key intervention pathways along which sustainable development could be stimulated. Country-specific recommendations and reflections on economic and sustainability policy initiatives are discussed.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Modeling of Effect of Axial Magnetic Field on Deuterium Ionization in Vacuum Arc on Deuterium-Saturated Cathode
- Author
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V. P. Frolova, Igor V. Uimanov, Dmitry L. Shmelev, and S. A. Barengolts
- Subjects
Jet (fluid) ,Materials science ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Plasma ,Vacuum arc ,Cathode ,law.invention ,Magnetic field ,Anode ,Deuterium ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,law ,Ionization ,Atomic physics - Abstract
The simulation of the influence of an external axial magnetic field on the fluxes of ionized and neutral deuterium against the background of a plasma zirconium jet from a group cathode spot is carried out. It is shown that a significant part of deuterium ions leaves the dense plasma jet and do not reach the anode. Application of an external longitudinal magnetic field in the range of 0.5–2 kG increases the final flux of deuterium ions to the anode relatively weakly.
- Published
- 2021
16. Cathode and plasma phenomena in vacuum-arc sources of deuterium ions
- Author
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Igor V. Uimanov, V. P. Frolova, Efim Oks, S. A. Barengolts, Konstantin P. Savkin, Dmitry L. Shmelev, Alexey G. Nikolaev, and G. Yu. Yushkov
- Subjects
Electric arc ,Ecton ,Materials science ,Deuterium ,law ,Ionization ,Vacuum arc ,Plasma ,Atomic physics ,Cathode ,Ion ,law.invention - Abstract
An experimental and theoretical study of the content of deuterium ions in the arc discharge plasma was performed for deuterated zirconium cathodes. It was found experimentally that in a high-current arc mode with a current pulse duration of several microseconds and an arc current amplitude of more than 600 A, the content of deuterium ions in the plasma can reach more than 80%, which is twice that in the cathode material. An increase in the deuterium ion content in the plasma is accompanied by an increase in the average charge of zirconium ions. Models are proposed to describe the deuterium desorption from the cathode surface and the ionization processes in the plasma of a deuterated cathode arc. The models are based on the idea that the cathode spot of a vacuum arc has a cellular (ecton) structure. The calculations performed using these models have shown that the best conditions for increasing the deuterium ion content in the arc plasma occur in the initial stage of the arc discharge. In this case, the cells of the cathode spot are located in close proximity to each other and the deuterium desorbed not only directly from the zone of operation of the spot cells but also from the hot regions of the cathode adjacent to this zone.
- Published
- 2021
17. 2D Kinetic Simulation of Current-Carrying Plasma Expansion
- Author
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Dmitry L. Shmelev, Igor V. Uimanov, Mikhail M. Tsvetoukh, and S. A. Barengolts
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Materials science ,Vacuum arc ,Plasma ,Cathode ,Anode ,law.invention ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,law ,Ionization ,Electric field ,Physics::Space Physics ,Electron temperature ,Particle-in-cell ,Atomic physics - Abstract
A two-dimensional kinetic simulation of the expansion of the current-carrying plasma of the cathode spot of a vacuum arc is carried out. The modeling was performed by Particle-in-Cell and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo methods. The processes of ionization and recombination and Coulomb scattering are considered. Two fundamentally different solutions are demonstrated for an expanding plasma in an external electric field. The first solution is a "quiet" expansion of the plasma at a relatively low current. In which only ion-acoustic current instabilities arise, which do not lead to catastrophic consequences. In this mode, the plasma expands at a speed of ~ 106 cm/s, the electron temperature of the plasma reaches 3 eV, and the average charge state of ions (Cu) is ~ 2. In the second case, the current is large enough to excite the Buneman instability, after which the plasma plume decays and ions with relatively high energies scatter towards the anode and cathode.
- Published
- 2021
18. Temperature effect on the characteristics of radio frequency vacuum breakdown
- Author
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S. A. Barengolts, Dmitry L. Shmelev, and Igor V. Uimanov
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Electromagnetic field ,Materials science ,Dielectric strength ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Nanosecond ,law.invention ,law ,Electrode ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,Optoelectronics ,Radio frequency ,business ,Collider ,Electromagnetic pulse - Abstract
For electrodes exposed to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, it is shown that an increase in electrode temperature on the nanosecond time scale increases the time required for an electrode surface microprotrusion to be heated to the critical temperature nearly by half. This may reduce the dielectric strength of the accelerating structure of a linear electron-positron collider when it is heated by accelerating electromagnetic pulses increasing in number.
- Published
- 2021
19. Luminescence Characteristics of YVO4:Yb3+/Er3+ Nanoparticles
- Author
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Victor G. Nikiforov, A. V. Leontyev, Vladimir S. Lobkov, D. K. Zharkov, and A. G. Shmelev
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Aqueous solution ,Materials science ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanoparticle ,Photochemistry ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,Spectral line ,Ion ,law.invention ,Wavelength ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Luminescence ,Excitation - Abstract
YVO4:Yb,Er luminescent nanoparticles (NPs) with sizes of 10–700 nm are produced. The use of laser excitation wavelengths of 980 and 257 nm results in the emission of Er3+ ions in the spectral region of 527 and 555 nm. No spectral line of Er3+ ions is recorded at 660 nm, which is indirect evidence of the low efficiency of nonradiative multiphonon intra-ion transitions and the insensitivity of NPs to luminescence quenchers in an aqueous solution.
- Published
- 2019
20. Measurements of the Hydrodynamic and Vibrational Characteristics to Validate Numerical Calculations of the Structure Excitation by Fluid Flow
- Author
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A. V. Budnikov, E. I. Shmelev, D. A. Kulikov, A. V. Loginov, S. M. Dmitriev, N. A. Pribaturin, P. D. Lobanov, A. S. Suvorov, and A. V. Stulenkov
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Cantilever ,Water flow ,Flow (psychology) ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Cylinder (engine) ,law.invention ,laser vibration meter ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,Flow separation ,piv ,0203 mechanical engineering ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,eigenfrequency ,Physics ,validation ,Mechanics ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Vibration ,ldv ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,Experimental uncertainty analysis ,Flow velocity ,vibration ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Structure vibration under the influence of unsteady hydrodynamic forces caused by the flow around their surfaces can adversely affect durability and rupture life. Reducing the adverse effects of hydrodynamic forces is currently possible with the help of linked CFD and vibration calculations. However, for an adequate description of the associated processes one should use calculation models and approaches specific to the hydro-vibration problem. To justify and validate such approaches, an experimental model was developed and a series of structure excitation tests in water flow was carried out.The model comprises two cylinders installed sequentially in water crossflow. Vibration levels, pressure and velocity fluctuations were measured in the tests as a functions of the flow velocity. The application of different non-intrusive measurement techniques was possible due to relatively simple test model construction which may be used for cross-validation and experimental uncertainty quantification.Flow-structure interaction, caused by synchronization effect of the flow separation frequency (or it’s spectral components) and eigenfrequency of cylinder, was analyzed based on simultaneously measured data. The tests performed gave the information about dynamical characteristics of the flow and vibration parameters of cantilevered cylinders. The experimental results are used for identification of required accuracy of hydrodynamic forces calculation by CFD and validation of oneand two-way linked methods for flow excitation frequency calculation.
- Published
- 2019
21. Hybrid Numerical Simulation of High-Current Vacuum Arc Taking Into Account Secondary Plasma Generation
- Author
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D. L. Shmelev, Igor V. Uimanov, and Vladimir I. Oreshkin
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Materials science ,Computer simulation ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Vacuum arc ,Mechanics ,Plasma ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Cathode ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Ion ,Anode ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,law ,Sputtering ,0103 physical sciences ,Magnetohydrodynamics - Abstract
This paper is devoted to the further development of a numerical model for the simulation of high-current vacuum arcs (HCVA) with cathode attachment in the form of multiple cathode spots. The model allows one to simulate different modes of HCVA and the transition between them. It is shown that the secondary plasma, arising from the anodic sputtering and nonadherence of the incident ions, affects the constriction of the plasma and the transition between the HCVA modes.
- Published
- 2019
22. An internal combustion alternator with both free piston and cylinder
- Author
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V. Shmelev
- Subjects
Alternator (automotive) ,Materials science ,Computer Networks and Communications ,020209 energy ,Compressed air ,Mechanical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,law.invention ,Biomaterials ,Reciprocating motion ,Piston ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Cylinder ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Rotor (electric) ,Mechanical Engineering ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Vibration ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,Hardware and Architecture ,Compression ratio ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) - Abstract
The free-piston generator has more merits than the traditional reciprocating engines, and has been under extensive investigation. This study focuses on the development two novel perspective ideas unlike already advanced the linear free piston generator. These are: (1) to make both piston and cylinder free that provides ideally balancing of the system; (2) to turn from the linear scheme of a generator to rotary design because of simplicity and compactness. The mathematical simulation of operation of the linear two-stroke cycle alternator with both free piston and cylinder was conducted with using the model of zero-dimensional dynamics. Combustion of methane-air mixture with excess air ratio of 1.2 was considered. Both heat and friction losses were taken into account. Operation particularities of such system were analyzed. It was found that oscillation amplitude of moving parts did not exceed of 70 mm at frequency of ∼50 Hz for alternator with following basic parameters: cylinder bore of 80 mm, length of 400 mm, piston length of 120 mm. Mass of both piston and cylinder was chosen identical and equal of 3 kg. It was shown that the efficiency of the chemical energy conversion reached of 46%, and specific power was high as 40 kW/l at compression ratio of 40. The lab scale pneumatic alternator in rotor variant with both free rotor and cylindrical body was assembled for experimental demonstration of rotary design capability. The alternator was fed with compressed air of low pressure below of 6 atm. The electrical power in the load reached of 10 W at input power with intake compressed air about 100 W. The results indicate that alternators with both free piston and cylinder in linear and rotary designs have the potential to achieve high efficiency and provide the vibration – free operation. Keywords: ICE, Alternator, Free piston, Hybrid engines
- Published
- 2019
23. THE ELECTROMAGNET FOR A POLARIZED NEUTRON REFLECTOMETER SAMPLE OF THE IR-8 REACTOR OF NRC 'KURCHATOV INSTITUTE'
- Author
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G. E. Shmelev, V. A. Ulyanov, M. V. D'yachkov, A. G. Gilev, –– Pnpi, Gatchina, Russia, and S. I. Kalinin
- Subjects
Materials science ,Electromagnet ,law ,Nuclear engineering ,Neutron ,Sample (graphics) ,law.invention - Published
- 2019
24. The Effect of Unbalance Mass on the Necessary Conditions of the Double-Support Rotor Autobalancing Stability
- Author
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S.Kh. Shmelev, Alexander Gorbenko, and Guntis Strautmanis
- Subjects
Materials science ,Rotor (electric) ,010102 general mathematics ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Stability (probability) ,law.invention ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,law ,Control theory ,Double support ,0101 mathematics ,Anisotropy - Abstract
The analysis of necessary conditions for autobalancing stability of rotor, which performs spatial oscillations, was carried out in this paper taking into account the influence of unbalance and autobalancer masses. It was found that the using of traditional models, where unbalance and autobalancer masses are assumed small, could lead to significant errors in the dynamics analysis of spatially moving rotor. The influence of this factor leads to the doubling of the critical rotational speeds spectrum. Moreover, the system motion between the split critical frequencies is unstable. There may be one or two onset areas of autobalancing mode motion depending on the dynamic rotor type, its location relative to the supports, the unbalance mass and other system parameters. It was found that rotors, that are long type or close to the spherical type, are the most sensitive to this factor. On the other hand, rotors of the short type are weakly sensitive. It is shown that the most preferred case is when the unbalance and autobalancer location plane passes through the common mass center of the composite rotor. The quantitative criterion is formulated for the necessity of taking into account (or not taking into account) the influence of this factor when analyzing the system dynamics
- Published
- 2019
25. Analyzing the Signal of the Ultrafast Optical Kerr Effect by Considering the Correlation between the Rotational Responses of Molecules in a Liquid
- Author
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A. G. Shmelev, D. K. Zharkov, Vladimir S. Lobkov, Victor G. Nikiforov, and A. V. Leontyev
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010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Kerr effect ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Pulse (signal processing) ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,Molecular physics ,law.invention ,Nitrobenzene ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Rise time ,0103 physical sciences ,symbols ,Physics::Chemical Physics ,Raman spectroscopy ,Ultrashort pulse - Abstract
The signal of the ultrafast optical Kerr effect (OKE) in liquids, including toluene C7H8, nitrobenzene C6H5NO2, and acetonitrile C2H3N is analyzed. It is shown that considering the correlation between the orientational and librational responses allows us to determine the rise time of the orientational response associated with the inertial nature of molecular rotations over a time interval of 300–500 fs after the impact of a laser pulse, and to increase the accuracy of determining the form of the Raman spectral density function.
- Published
- 2019
26. Influence of Europium(III) β-Diketonate Complex on Orientational Responses in Ultrafast Optical Kerr Effect
- Author
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A. G. Shmelev, Dmitry V. Lapaev, D. K. Zharkov, A. V. Leont’ev, Yu. G. Galyametdinov, A. A. Knyazev, Vladimir S. Lobkov, and Victor G. Nikiforov
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010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Kerr effect ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,Toluene ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Picosecond ,0103 physical sciences ,Molecule ,Physical chemistry ,Europium ,Ultrashort pulse - Abstract
Experiments on recording the ultrafast optical Kerr effect (OKE) in solution of europium(III) β‑diketonate complexes in toluene at a concentration of 10–2 mol/L showed that the total OKE signal is not a superposition of two contributions, one of which is related to the vibrational–rotational dynamics of toluene molecules, while the other is due to the vibrational–rotational dynamics of the europium(III) complexes. This immediately indicates that the europium(III) complexes essentially change the structure of liquid toluene, which is reflected in the character of an orientational response in picosecond range.
- Published
- 2019
27. On Hybrid Type of Cathode Attachment in High Current Vacuum Arcs
- Author
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D L Shmelev, S. A. Chaikovsky, and I V Uimanov
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History ,Materials science ,business.industry ,law ,Hybrid type ,Optoelectronics ,High current ,business ,Cathode ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,law.invention - Abstract
This paper discusses the issues of a possible change of the type of cathode attachment of high-current vacuum arcs (HCVA) with an average cathode current density of more than 105 A/cm2. This type of HCVA is used as pumping plasma gun in experiments with plasma puff z-pinches. These experiments showed that the measured linear mass of the HCVA plasma jet is much higher (by a factor of 10 or more) than the expected mass, which can be obtained from the assumption that cathode attachment occurs only through a multitude of cathode spots emitting supersonic plasma jets. It is shown that in HCVA of the type under consideration, at some time instant there are two types of cathode attachments - cathode spots and thermionic erosion attachment (TEA). It can be said that HCVA of this type have a hybrid cathodic attachment. Unlike cathode spots, TEA produces a subsonic plasma flow, which contributes to an increase in the linear mass of the HCVA plasma jet.
- Published
- 2021
28. Gyrotron setup for ECR-heating system of T-15MD TOKAMAK
- Author
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Igor O. Anashkin, E.M. Tai, Mikhail Yu. Shmelev, Vladimir I. Malygin, Evgeniy V. Sokolov, Natalia A. Kirneva, Mikhail Yu. Glyavin, Mikhail I. Bakulin, Igor S. Baber, K. A. Zhurin, E. A. Soluyanova, Igor I. Leonov, Alexander I. Tsvetkov, Ivan A. Varygin, A. V. Chirkov, V. I. Belousov, Maxim M. Troitskiy, M. V. Kuznetsov, A. G. Eremeev, Evgeniy A. Kopelovich, Petr P. Khvostenko, Gregory G. Denisov, Nikolay I. Karpov, and I. N. Roy
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Tokamak ,Heating system ,Materials science ,law ,Nuclear engineering ,Gyrotron ,law.invention - Published
- 2020
29. Benralizumab for the Prevention of COPD Exacerbations
- Author
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Criner, G. J., Celli, B. R., Brightling, C. E., Agusti, A., Papi, A., Singh, D., Sin, D. D., Vogelmeier, C. F., Sciurba, F. C., Bafadhel, M., Backer, V., Kato, M., Ramirez-Venegas, A., Wei, Y. -F., Bjermer, L., Shih, V. H., Jison, M., O'Quinn, S., Makulova, N., Newbold, P., Goldman, M., Martin, U. J., GALATHEA Study Investigators, TERRANOVA Study Investigators, Otto, Burghuber, Bernhard, Forstner, Gerhard, Köberl, Bernd, Lamprecht, Judith, Löffler-Ragg, Horst, Olschewski, Michael, Studnicka, Francois, Beaucage, Guy, Chouinard, Anthony, Dechant, Anthony, Dowell, Jacques, Hebert, Sohail, Khattak, Kieran, Killian, William, Killorn, Andy, Lam, Francois, Maltais, Darcy, Marciniuk, Lyle, Melenka, Bonavuth, Pek, Jeremy, Road, Donald, Sin, Alain, Vaugeois, Brandie, Walker, Tomas, Dvorak, Stanislav, Holub, Otakar, Hokynar, Vitezslav, Kolek, Daniela, Kopecka, Jan, Krepelka, Jaroslav, Mares, Josef, Veverka, Vladimir, Zindr, Sabine, Ballenberger, Rolf, Dichmann, Christian, Geßner, Margret, Jandl, Claus, Keller, Joachim, Kirschner, Marc, Kornmann, Petra, Mikloweit, Ingomar, Naudts, Axel, Overlack, Isabelle, Schenkenberger, Volker, Schlegel, Lutz Von Versen, Claus Franz Vogelmeier, Stefan, Zielen, István, Albert, Beatrix, Bálint, Mária Csilla Hangonyi, Teréz, Kecskés, Anikó, Kurucz, Balázs, Medgyasszay, Lajos, Molnár, János, Mucsi, Márta, Papp, Magdolna, Póczi, Éva, Radeczky, Zsolt Pápai Székely, Csilla, Szabó, Gyöngyi, Szabó, Melinda, Szabó, Alfredo Antonio Chetta, Giuseppe Di Maria, Giulio, Donazzan, Federica, Meloni, Elisabetta, Pace, Pierluigi, Paggiaro, Alberto, Papi, Ricciardolo, Fabio Luigi Massimo, Antonio, Spanevello, Fumiaki, Aoki, Ryosuke, Eda, Takeo, Endo, Yasushi, Fukushima, Kenichi, Gemba, Naoki, Hagimoto, Hiromasa, Harada, Yasuko, Harada, Norihiko, Hata, Osamu, Hataji, Nobuo, Hatakeyama, Takahiko, Horiguchi, Gen, Ideura, Motoyasu, Iikura, Azusa, Ikegami, Shirou, Imokawa, Yoshikazu, Inoue, Takeshi, Isobe, Ryoji, Ito, Susumu, Iwata, Tadashi, Kamei, Motokazu, Kato, Hideki, Katsura, Yuji, Kawarada, Norio, Kihara, Masaharu, Kinoshita, Takashi, Kinoshita, Tomoo, Kishaba, Hideo, Kita, Arihiro, Kiyosue, Shigeru, Komatsu, Kazuki, Konishi, Sekiya, Koyama, Makoto, Kudo, Kazuhiko, Machida, Hironi, Makita, Hiroto, Matsuse, Naoki, Miyazawa, Hiroyuki, Nakamura, Yuji, Nakatani, Kazuyuki, Nishimura, Takashi, Nishimura, Junichi, Ogawa, Hiroyuki, Ohbayashi, Tetsuro, Ohdaira, Tsukasa, Ohnishi, Kazuhiko, Oki, Masahiko, Saito, Kenji, Sakamoto, Osamu, Sakamoto, Hisakuni, Sekino, Noriharu, Shijubo, Masaharu, Shinkai, Hideo, Soto, Yoshitaka, Sugawara, Noriaki, Suko, Hisaho, Takahashi, Masamitsu, Takahashi, Tsuneyuki, Takahashi, Hiroshi, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Taniguchi, Tadayuki, Terada, Takao, Tochigi, Kazuyo, Tohyama, Hirokazu, Tokuyasu, Keisuke, Tomii, Tomomasa, Tsuboi, Mitsuyoshi, Utsugi, Katsumaru, Yamamoto, Michiko, Yamamoto, Shuichi, Yano, Makoto, Yoshida, Frank, Custers, Richard, Dekhuijzen, Remco, Djamin, Jan Willem Van Dan Berg, Lowie, Vanfleteren, Pascal, Wielders, Bogusława, Cimoszko, Anna, Doboszyńska, Andrzej, Dyczek, Andrzej, Fal, Krystyna, Folcik, Łukasz, Goliński, Marek, Jutel, Andrzej, Kolczyński, Piotr, Kuna, Ewa, Łączyńska, Wojciech, Machowiak, Maciej, Marczak, Joanna, Markiewicz, Janusz, Milanowski, Grzegorz, Mincewicz, Maria, Nittner-Marszalska, Wojciech, Papiewski, Małgorzata, Pawlukiewicz, Witold, Pomiećko, Barbara, Rewerska, Cezary, Rybacki, Wojciech, Skucha, Ewa, Trębas-Pietraś, Ewa, Uhryn, Małgorzata, Żurowska-Gębala, Laurentia, Andrei, Traian, Mihaescu, Stefan, Mihaicuta, Eniko Vera Pall, Ioan, Petrui, Angelica, Savu, Claudia, Toma, Ana, Trailescu, Vladimir, Abrosimov, Nataliya, Astafyeva, Evgenyi, Bazdyrev, Nadezhda, Berdnikova, Laura, Bolieva, Ekaterina, Bukreeva, Valery, Chistyakov, Anna, Galustyan, Halida, Gantseva, Svetlana, Goncharova, Sergey, Grigoriev, Galina, Ignatova, Inna, Ilyashevich, Nadezhda, Izmozherova, Magomed, Kamalov, Yaroslava, Khovaeva, Natalia, Kuzubova, Lyudmila, Kvitkova, Liudmila, Lenskaya, Igor, Leshchenko, Olga, Magnitskaya, Boris, Molotilov, Artem, Molotkov, Svetlana, Myasoedova, Sergey, Nedogoda, Vladimir, Nosov, Marina, Osipenko, Andrey, Peskov, Veronika, Popova, Oksana, Ratushnay, Irina, Ryzhova, Olga, Shangina, Natalia, Shaporova, Evgeny, Shmelev, Lybov, Shpagina, Alexander, Shutkin, Yuri, Shvarts, Mikhail, Smirnov, Irina, Stitsenko, Maksim, Vasilev, Arkadiy, Vertkin, Elena, Vishneva, Alexander, Vizel, Anna, Zateyschikova, Mohamed, Abdool-Gaffar, Ismail, Abdullah, Axel, Bruning, Nyda, Fourie, Michael, Greenblatt, Mohammed, Tayob, Venter, K, An Soo Jang, Kwan Ho Lee, Sang Haak Lee, Sook Young Lee, Suk Joong Yong, Kwang Ha Yoo, Soo Taek Uh, Ramón Agüero Balbín, David Ramos Barbón, Álvar Agustí García-Navarro, José Luis Velasco Garrido, Sergi Pascual Guardia, Eduard Monso Molas, Luis De Teresa Parreño, Borja García-Cosio Piqueras, German Peces-Barba Romero, Myriam Calle Rubio, Fernando Sánchez-Toril López, Alicia Marín Tapia, Heidi Martin Braschler, Martin, Brutsche, Michael, Grob, Jörg, Leuppi, Daiana, Stolz, Alexander, Turk, Nawar, Bakerley, Mona, Bafadhel, Christopher, Brightling, Rekha, Chaudhuri, Gourab, Choudhury, Graham, Devereux, Imran, Hussain, Kai, Lee, William, Macnee, Ravindran, Mahadeva, Matthew, Masoli, Monica, Nordstrom, Manish, Patel, Allan, Reid, Dinesh, Saralaya, Tariq, Sethi, Sukh Dave Singh, Anthony, G de Soyza, Tom, Wilkinson, Alice, Turner, Helen, Ward, Chandar, Abboy, Ivan, Ackerman, Idalia, Acosta, Arun, Adlakha, Bassil, Aish, Mohamed, Ali, Charles, Andrews, Robby, Ayoub, Anil, Badhwar, Dennis, Bassetti, Sherif El Bayadi, Richard, Beasley, Shashi, Bellam, Jonathan, Bernstein, Maria, Blahey, Scott, Bloom, Eugene, Bleecker, Wesley, Bray, Johnathan, Brewer, Robert, Buynak, William, Calhoun, Edward, Campbell, Anthony, Captain, Birjis, Chinoy, Kenneth, Chinsky, Geoffrey, Chupp, Arsenio, Columbie, Clinton, Corder, Gerard, Criner, Humberto, Cruz, Edward, Cullen, Kevin, Deboer, Michael, Denenberg, Mark, Dransfield, Leonard, Dunn, Miles, Elmore, David, Erb, Faisal, Fakih, Gary, Ferguson, Charles, Fogarty, Mark, Freed, Stephen, Fritz, David, Fuentes, Shariar, Cohen-Gadol, Robert, Garver, John, Given, Luis Ramos Gonez, Raul Ebran Gonzalez, Robert, Gordon, Gregory, Gottschlich, Donald, Graham, David, Grant, Gary, Greenwald, James, Greenwald, Kenneth, Haft, Gregory, Hammond, Nadia, Hansel, Jeffrey, Harris, Humberto, Hernandez, Marvin, Heuer, Albrecht, Heyder, David, Hill, Willis, Holloway, Octavian, Ioachimescu, Richard, Jackson, Ajay, Jain, Nan, Jiang, Thomas, Kaelin, Adolfo, Kaplan, Mitchell, Kaye, Akram, Khan, Yekaterina, Khronusova, Ryan, Klein, Joel, Kline, Firas, Koura, Ritsu, Kuno, Ware, Kuschner, Jean Claude Labissiere, David Laman Jr, John, Lee, Mitchell, Lee, Lawrence, Levinson, Njira, Lugogo, Mador, M, Nathaniel, Marchetti, Rafael, Martinez, Richard, Martinez, Peter, Mattar, David, Maybee, Dennis, Mcgraw, Michael, Mcguire, Curtis, Mello, Aaron, Milstone, John, Mitchell, Wendy, Moore, Timothy, Moriarty, Cheta, Nand, Brooke, Nevins, Ikeadi, Ndukwu, Rachel, Nisbet, David, Nyanjom, Maria, Nualart, Thomas, O'Brien, Mikhail, Palatnik, Gnyandev, Patel, Amit, Patel, Guido, Perez, Christopher, Perry, Michael, Pfeffer, Krishna, Pudi, Marina, Raikhel, Murali, Ramaswamy, Joe, Ramsdell, Donato, Ricci, Gary, Richmond, Eugene, Ryan, Fadi, Saba, Boris, Sagalovich, C Andrew Schroeder, Timothy, Scialla, Frank, Sciurba, Amit, Shah, Nirav, Shah, Zeeshan, Shaikh, Akhtar, Siddiqui, Barry, Sigal, Thomas, Siler, Howard, Silverboard, William, Sims, Clyde, Southwell, Selwyn, Spangenthal, Peruvemba, Sriram, James, Stocks, Tony, Su, John, Suen, Robert, Sussman, Horia, Tatu, Antonio, Terrelonge, Alan, Thomas, Mario, Torres, Rodolfo, Trejo, Miguel, Trevino, Banks, Turner, Manuel, Villareal, Janine, Vintch, Neal, Warshoff, Jan, Westerman, Philip, Wexler, Thomas, Yunger, Amir, Zeki, Mariano Fernandez Acquier, Norma, Aramayo, German, Arce, Juan, Belloni, Víctor, Cambursano, Carlos De La Vega, Fernando Rodriguez Chariarse, Pedro, Elias, Marcelo, Fernández, Ana, Lopez, Andrea, Medina, María, Otaola, Maria Salazan Saez, Maria De Salvo, Fernando, Scherbovsky, Ana, Stok, Jorge, Taborda, Alberto, Tolcachier, Fernando, Verra, Carlos, Victorio, Rita Gisela Delgado Vizcarra, Philip, Bardin, Peter, Bremner, Martin, Phillips, John, Upham, Peter, Wark, Antoine, Bolly, Alain, Delobbe, Peter, Driesen, Eduard, Janssens, Wim, Janssens, Olivier, Michel, Bernard, Vandooren, Martti, Antila, Jussara, Fiterman, Carlos, Fritscher, Jorge, Hetzel, Jose, Jardim, Waldo De Mattos, Rafael, Martins, Maria Eunice De Oliveira, Andreia, Pez, Maria, Sales, Rafael, Stelmach, Priscila, Wolff, Svetla, Andreeva, Reneta, Antonova, Ana, Dancheva, Yuliya, Ivanova, Slavcho, Ivanov, Hristo, Metev, Iveta, Naydenova, Tatyana, Petkova, Galina, Petrova, Kostadinka, Sotirova, Mariyana, Stoyanova, Rumen, Tiholov, Iliyana, Valkanova, Oleg, Yakov, Rosa, Feijoo, Juana, Pavie, Patricia, Schönffeldt, Absalon, Silva, Victor, Martinez, David, Espinosa, Alejandro, Londono, Dora, Molina, Gonzalo, Prada, Andrés, Rico, Gregorio Sanchez Vallejo, Alvaro, Urbina, Ana, Vanegas, Maria, Villegas, Josip, Aralica, Gordana, Stjepanovic, Vibeke, Backer, Uffe, Bødtger, Christian, Meyer, Læge Sven Nielsen, Anders Loekke Ottesen, Ingrid, Titlestad, Nathalie, Bautin, Arnaud, Bourdin, Pascal, Chanez, Francis, Couturaud, Antoine, Cuvelier, Gilles, Devouassoux, Pierre-Olivier, Girodet, Jean-François, Muir, Jean-Louis, Pépin, Alain, Proust, Azzedine, Yaici, Yochai, Adir, Gershon, Fink, Zvi, Fridlender, Gabriel, Izbicki, Mordechai, Kramer, Yehuda, Schwartz, Juan Moreno Hoyos Abril, Ricardo Campos Cerda, Efraín Montaño Gonzalez, Ricardo Ramirez Terrones, Rodolfo Posadas Valay, Alejandra, Ramirez-Venegas, Paul, Dawkins, Syed, Hussain, Benedict, Brockway, John, Richmond, Colin, Helm, Catherina, Chang, Jørn, Ahlqvist, Terje, Tollåli, Tadeusz, Tomala, Socorro, Castro, William, Chavez, Octavio, Cubas, Rolando, Estrella, Efrain, Felix, Ronal, Gamarra, Alfredo, Guerreros, Alberto, Matsuno, Danilo, Salazar, Miguel, Tsukayama, Albert Albay Jr, Teresita, Aquino, Tito, Atienza, Joven Roque Gonong, Ronnie, Samoro, Joel, Santiaguel, Beata, Asankowicz-Bargiel, Ewa, Pisarczyk-Bogacka, Renata, Bijata-Bronisz, Marta, Chełmińska, Małgorzata, Dobryniewska, Anna, Olech-Cudzik, Tomasz, Fijołek, Krzysztof, Filipek, Agata, Kot, Bożena, Kucińska, Krzysztof, Lis, Elżbieta, Rybicka-Liszewska, Marzenna, Tarnowska-Matusiak, Robert, Mróz, Piotr, Napora, Wojciech, Naumnik, Artur, Niemiec, Władysław, Pierzchała, Grzegorz, Przybylski, Katarzyna, Styka, Danuta, Wrońska, Branislava, Milenkovic, Dobrivoje, Novkovic, Matijaz, Flezar, Niksa, Segota, Snezana Ulcar Kostic, Albert, Klobucar, Leif, Bjermer, Dan, Curiac, Christer, Janson, Pekka, Koskinen, Lundback, Bo, Åke, Olsson, Shih-Lung, Cheng, Ming-Lin, Ho, Jeng-Yuan, Hsu, Wu-Huei, Hsu, Ping-Hung, Kuo, Chin-Chou, Wang, Yu-Feng, Wei, Kuang-Yao, Yang, Watchara, Boonsawat, Somchai, Chantarothorn, Warangkana, Keeratichananont, Kittipong, Maneechotesuwan, Kanok, Pipatvech, Piamlarp, Sangsayunh, Sibel, Arinc, Sermin, Borekci, Arzu Kaner Erturk, Filiz, Kosar, Hakan, Gunen, Ismail, Hanta, Pinar Akin Kabalak, Tunc Alp Demir, Sibel, Nayci, Serir Aktogu Ozkan, Abdullah, Sayiner, Esra, Uzaslan, Viktor, Blazhko, Volodymyr, Gavrysyuk, Olena, Golub, Liudmyla, Iashyna, Tetiana, Ilashchuk, Volodymyr, Koshlia, Olena, Krakhmalova, Vitali, Kryvenko, Lesia, Kuryk, Olena, Levchenko, Yuriy, Mostovoy, Mykola, Ostrovskyy, Tetyana, Pertseva, Olena, Piura, Nadiya, Rudnytska, Ganna, Stupnytska, Nataliia, Velychko, Oleh, Yakovenko, Lilia Rodriguez Ables, Roger, Abrahams, Jose, Alvarez, Fernando, Arencibia, Chander, Arora, Samir, Arora, Francis, Averill, Kwabena, Ayesu, Stephen, Basheda, Steven, Bauer, Jose, Bautista, Matthew, Beacom, Hernando, Bernal, Subodh, Bhuchar, J'Cinda, Bitters, John, Burk, Elizabeth, Burkett, James, Cain, Robert, Call, Christopher, Chappel, Bartolome, Celli, Tom, Christensen, Jeremy, Cole, Jerome, Daniel, Nguyen, Dang, Enrique, Davis, Samuel, Deleon, Robert, Deluca, Ernesto, Diaz, Anthony, Dimarco, Calvin, Dixon, Ankur, Doshi, Hugh, Durrence, Alain, Eid, John, Elsen, Herbon, Fleming, May, Flores, Scott, Franczek, Gregory, Funk, Stuart, Garay, Bernard, Garcia, Joseph, Graif, Carl, Griffin, Yamirka Duardo Guerra, David, Headley, Mitzie, Hewitt, Susan, Hole, Robert, Holladay, Ira, Horowitz, Yu-Luen, Hsu, Jonathan, Ilowite, Stephen, Jones, Ravindra, Kashyap, Edward, Kerwin, Ahtaram, Khan, Nicole, Kimzey, James, Krainson, Flory, Kreutter, Kannappan, Krishnaswamy, Shahrukh, Kureishy, Albert, Lai, Alex, Lechin, Daria, Lee, Marcus, Lee, Williams, Leeds, Joseph, Lillo, Edward, Lisberg, Lawrence, Madoff, Narendra, Maheskwari, Mujibur, Majumder, Sashi, Makam, Douglas, Mapel, Matthew, Mardiney, Jennifer, Martin, Isaac, Melamed, Elvin, Mendez, Stuart, Millstone, Joseph, Montes, Lee, Morrow, Frank, Murphy, Dany, Obeid, France, Occy, Godson, Oguchi, Juan, Ortiz, Francisco, Padron, Ward, Paine, James, Pearle, Enrique, Pelayo, Vandely, Perez, David, Pham, Carlos, Piniella, Kevin, Pritchett, Padmashri, Rastogi, Stephen, Ryan, Syed, Rehman, Jackson, Rhudy, Eustace, Riley, James, Riser, Clifford, Risk, Emory, Robinette, Christopher, Roney, Gary, Ruoff, David, Russian, Mercedes, Samson, Jay, Sandberg, Jose, Santiago, William, Sargeant, Alan, Schecter, Jeffrey, Scott, Ilia, Segal, Sudhir, Sehgal, Frederic, Seifer, Sudhir, Sekhsaria, Richard, Sellman, Paul, Shapero, Jeffrey, Shea, Lawrence, Sher, John, Sibille, Jawed, Siddiqui, Toniya, Singh, Deren, Sinkowitz, Denise, Smyth, Daniel, Soteres, Daniel, Sousa, Ralph, Steele, Thomas, Stern, Jose, Suarez, Sever, Surdulescu, Ricardo, Tan, Tonny, Tanus, Raymond, Tidman, Aurelio, Torres-Consuegra, Barry, Troyan, John, Updegrove, Sanjay, Vadgama, Armando, Pineda-Velez, Eduardo, Viera, Andrew, Wachtel, Ralph, Wade, Jimin, Wang, Dave, Webster, Paul, Weinberg, Terry, Wells, Jeffrey, White, Bram, Wieskopf, Hugh, Windom, Patrick, Wright, David, Wyatt, Bassam, Yousef, Zahid, Zafar, Chau, Ngo, Huong, Le, Lan, Nguyen, Thanh, Nguyen, Nhung, Nguyen, SALAS, Danielle, Temple University [Philadelphia], Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), University of Leicester, University of Barcelona, Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), University of Manchester [Manchester], St. Paul’s Hospital - University of British Columbia [Vancouver, BC, Canada] (SPH-UBC), Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Oxford, Bispebjerg University Hospital [Copenhagen, Denmark] (BUH), Kishiwada City Hospital [Osaka, Japan] (KCH), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias [México, Mexico], I-Shou University [Kaohsiung, Taiwan] (ISU), Lund University [Lund], AstraZeneca [Gaithersburg, MD, USA] (AZ), Hypoxie et PhysioPathologie (HP2), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Otto Burghuber, Bernhard Forstner, Gerhard Köberl, Bernd Lamprecht, Judith Löffler-Ragg, Horst Olschewski, Michael Studnicka, Francois Beaucage, Guy Chouinard, Anthony Dechant, Anthony Dowell, Jacques Hebert, Sohail Khattak, Kieran Killian, William Killorn, Andy Lam, Francois Maltais, Darcy Marciniuk, Lyle Melenka, Bonavuth Pek, Jeremy Road, Donald Sin, Alain Vaugeois, Brandie Walker, Tomas Dvorak, Stanislav Holub, Otakar Hokynar, Vitezslav Kolek, Daniela Kopecka, Jan Krepelka, Jaroslav Mares, Josef Veverka, Vladimir Zindr, Sabine Ballenberger, Rolf Dichmann, Christian Geßner, Margret Jandl, Claus Keller, Joachim Kirschner, Marc Kornmann, Petra Mikloweit, Ingomar Naudts, Axel Overlack, Isabelle Schenkenberger, Volker Schlegel, Lutz Von Versen, Claus Franz Vogelmeier, Stefan Zielen, István Albert, Beatrix Bálint, Mária Csilla Hangonyi, Teréz Kecskés, Anikó Kurucz, Balázs Medgyasszay, Lajos Molnár, János Mucsi, Márta Papp, Magdolna Póczi, Éva Radeczky, Zsolt Pápai Székely, Csilla Szabó, Gyöngyi Szabó, Melinda Szabó, Alfredo Antonio Chetta, Giuseppe Di Maria, Giulio Donazzan, Federica Meloni, Elisabetta Pace, Pierluigi Paggiaro, Alberto Papi, Fabio Luigi, Massimo Ricciardolo, Antonio Spanevello, Fumiaki Aoki, Ryosuke Eda, Takeo Endo, Yasushi Fukushima, Kenichi Gemba, Naoki Hagimoto, Hiromasa Harada, Yasuko Harada, Norihiko Hata, Osamu Hataji, Nobuo Hatakeyama, Takahiko Horiguchi, Gen Ideura, Motoyasu Iikura, Azusa Ikegami, Shirou Imokawa, Yoshikazu Inoue, Takeshi Isobe, Ryoji Ito, Susumu Iwata, Tadashi Kamei, Motokazu Kato, Hideki Katsura, Yuji Kawarada, Norio Kihara, Masaharu Kinoshita, Takashi Kinoshita, Tomoo Kishaba, Hideo Kita, Arihiro Kiyosue, Shigeru Komatsu, Kazuki Konishi, Sekiya Koyama, Makoto Kudo, Kazuhiko Machida, Hironi Makita, Hiroto Matsuse, Naoki Miyazawa, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Yuji Nakatani, Kazuyuki Nishimura, Takashi Nishimura, Junichi Ogawa, Hiroyuki Ohbayashi, Tetsuro Ohdaira, Tsukasa Ohnishi, Kazuhiko Oki, Masahiko Saito, Kenji Sakamoto, Osamu Sakamoto, Hisakuni Sekino, Noriharu Shijubo, Masaharu Shinkai, Hideo Soto, Yoshitaka Sugawara, Noriaki Suko, Hisaho Takahashi, Masamitsu Takahashi, Tsuneyuki Takahashi, Hiroshi Tanaka, Hiroyuki Taniguchi, Tadayuki Terada, Takao Tochigi, Kazuyo Tohyama, Hirokazu Tokuyasu, Keisuke Tomii, Tomomasa Tsuboi, Mitsuyoshi Utsugi, Katsumaru Yamamoto, Michiko Yamamoto, Shuichi Yano, Makoto Yoshida, Frank Custers, Richard Dekhuijzen, Remco Djamin, Jan Willem Van Dan Berg, Lowie Vanfleteren, Pascal Wielders, Bogusława Cimoszko, Anna Doboszyńska, Andrzej Dyczek, Andrzej Fal, Krystyna Folcik, Łukasz Goliński, Marek Jutel, Andrzej Kolczyński, Piotr Kuna, Ewa Łączyńska, Wojciech Machowiak, Maciej Marczak, Joanna Markiewicz, Janusz Milanowski, Grzegorz Mincewicz, Maria Nittner-Marszalska, Wojciech Papiewski, Małgorzata Pawlukiewicz, Witold Pomiećko, Barbara Rewerska, Cezary Rybacki, Wojciech Skucha, Ewa Trębas-Pietraś, Ewa Uhryn, Małgorzata Żurowska-Gębala, Laurentia Andrei, Traian Mihaescu, Stefan Mihaicuta, Eniko Vera Pall, Ioan Petrui, Angelica Savu, Claudia Toma, Ana Trailescu, Vladimir Abrosimov, Nataliya Astafyeva, Evgenyi Bazdyrev, Nadezhda Berdnikova, Laura Bolieva, Ekaterina Bukreeva, Valery Chistyakov, Anna Galustyan, Halida Gantseva, Svetlana Goncharova, Sergey Grigoriev, Galina Ignatova, Inna Ilyashevich, Nadezhda Izmozherova, Magomed Kamalov, Yaroslava Khovaeva, Natalia Kuzubova, Lyudmila Kvitkova, Liudmila Lenskaya, Igor Leshchenko, Olga Magnitskaya, Boris Molotilov, Artem Molotkov, Svetlana Myasoedova, Sergey Nedogoda, Vladimir Nosov, Marina Osipenko, Andrey Peskov, Veronika Popova, Oksana Ratushnay, Irina Ryzhova, Olga Shangina, Natalia Shaporova, Evgeny Shmelev, Lybov Shpagina, Alexander Shutkin, Yuri Shvarts, Mikhail Smirnov, Irina Stitsenko, Maksim Vasilev, Arkadiy Vertkin, Elena Vishneva, Alexander Vizel, Anna Zateyschikova, Mohamed Abdool-Gaffar, Ismail Abdullah, Axel Bruning, Nyda Fourie, Michael Greenblatt, Mohammed Tayob, K Venter, An Soo Jang, Kwan Ho Lee, Sang Haak Lee, Sook Young Lee, Suk Joong Yong, Kwang Ha Yoo, Soo Taek Uh, Ramón Agüero Balbín, David Ramos Barbón, Álvar Agustí García-Navarro, José Luis Velasco Garrido, Sergi Pascual Guardia, Eduard Monso Molas, Luis De Teresa Parreño, Borja García-Cosio Piqueras, German Peces-Barba Romero, Myriam Calle Rubio, Fernando Sánchez-Toril López, Alicia Marín Tapia, Heidi Martin Braschler, Martin Brutsche, Michael Grob, Jörg Leuppi, Daiana Stolz, Alexander Turk, Nawar Bakerley, Mona Bafadhel, Christopher Brightling, Rekha Chaudhuri, Gourab Choudhury, Graham Devereux, Imran Hussain, Kai Lee, William MacNee, Ravindran Mahadeva, Matthew Masoli, Monica Nordstrom, Manish Patel, Allan Reid, Dinesh Saralaya, Tariq Sethi, Sukh Dave Singh, Anthony G de Soyza, Tom Wilkinson, Alice Turner, Helen Ward, Chandar Abboy, Ivan Ackerman, Idalia Acosta, Arun Adlakha, Bassil Aish, Mohamed Ali, Charles Andrews, Robby Ayoub, Anil Badhwar, Dennis Bassetti, Sherif El Bayadi, Richard Beasley, Shashi Bellam, Jonathan Bernstein, Maria Blahey, Scott Bloom, Eugene Bleecker, Wesley Bray, Johnathan Brewer, Robert Buynak, William Calhoun, Edward Campbell, Anthony Captain, Birjis Chinoy, Kenneth Chinsky, Geoffrey Chupp, Arsenio Columbie, Clinton Corder, Gerard Criner, Humberto Cruz, Edward Cullen, Kevin Deboer, Michael Denenberg, Mark Dransfield, Leonard Dunn, Miles Elmore, David Erb, Faisal Fakih, Gary Ferguson, Charles Fogarty, Mark Freed, Stephen Fritz, David Fuentes, Shariar Cohen-Gadol, Robert Garver, John Given, Luis Ramos Gonez, Raul Ebran Gonzalez, Robert Gordon, Gregory Gottschlich, Donald Graham, David Grant, Gary Greenwald, James Greenwald, Kenneth Haft, Gregory Hammond, Nadia Hansel, Jeffrey Harris, Humberto Hernandez, Marvin Heuer, Albrecht Heyder, David Hill, Willis Holloway, Octavian Ioachimescu, Richard Jackson, Ajay Jain, Nan Jiang, Thomas Kaelin, Adolfo Kaplan, Mitchell Kaye, Akram Khan, Yekaterina Khronusova, Ryan Klein, Joel Kline, Firas Koura, Ritsu Kuno, Ware Kuschner, Jean Claude Labissiere, David Laman Jr, John Lee, Mitchell Lee, Lawrence Levinson, Njira Lugogo, M Mador, Nathaniel Marchetti, Rafael Martinez, Richard Martinez, Peter Mattar, David Maybee, Dennis McGraw, Michael McGuire, Curtis Mello, Aaron Milstone, John Mitchell, Wendy Moore, Timothy Moriarty, Cheta Nand, Brooke Nevins, Ikeadi Ndukwu, Rachel Nisbet, David Nyanjom, Maria Nualart, Thomas O'Brien, Mikhail Palatnik, Gnyandev Patel, Amit Patel, Guido Perez, Christopher Perry, Michael Pfeffer, Krishna Pudi, Marina Raikhel, Murali Ramaswamy, Joe Ramsdell, Donato Ricci, Gary Richmond, Eugene Ryan, Fadi Saba, Boris Sagalovich, C Andrew Schroeder, Timothy Scialla, Frank Sciurba, Amit Shah, Nirav Shah, Zeeshan Shaikh, Akhtar Siddiqui, Barry Sigal, Thomas Siler, Howard Silverboard, William Sims, Clyde Southwell, Selwyn Spangenthal, Peruvemba Sriram, James Stocks, Tony Su, John Suen, Robert Sussman, Horia Tatu, Antonio Terrelonge, Alan Thomas, Mario Torres, Rodolfo Trejo, Miguel Trevino, Banks Turner, Manuel Villareal, Janine Vintch, Neal Warshoff, Jan Westerman, Philip Wexler, Thomas Yunger, Amir Zeki, Mariano Fernandez Acquier, Norma Aramayo, German Arce, Juan Belloni, Víctor Cambursano, Carlos De La Vega, Fernando Rodriguez Chariarse, Pedro Elias, Marcelo Fernández, Ana Lopez, Andrea Medina, María Otaola, Maria Salazan Saez, Maria De Salvo, Fernando Scherbovsky, Ana Stok, Jorge Taborda, Alberto Tolcachier, Fernando Verra, Carlos Victorio, Rita Gisela Delgado Vizcarra, Philip Bardin, Peter Bremner, Martin Phillips, John Upham, Peter Wark, Antoine Bolly, Alain Delobbe, Peter Driesen, Eduard Janssens, Wim Janssens, Olivier Michel, Bernard Vandooren, Martti Antila, Jussara Fiterman, Carlos Fritscher, Jorge Hetzel, Jose Jardim, Waldo De Mattos, Rafael Martins, Maria Eunice De Oliveira, Andreia Pez, Maria Sales, Rafael Stelmach, Priscila Wolff, Svetla Andreeva, Reneta Antonova, Ana Dancheva, Yuliya Ivanova, Slavcho Ivanov, Hristo Metev, Iveta Naydenova, Tatyana Petkova, Galina Petrova, Kostadinka Sotirova, Mariyana Stoyanova, Rumen Tiholov, Iliyana Valkanova, Oleg Yakov, Rosa Feijoo, Juana Pavie, Patricia Schönffeldt, Absalon Silva, Victor Martinez, David Espinosa, Alejandro Londono, Dora Molina, Gonzalo Prada, Andrés Rico, Gregorio Sanchez Vallejo, Alvaro Urbina, Ana Vanegas, Maria Villegas, Josip Aralica, Gordana Stjepanovic, Vibeke Backer, Uffe Bødtger, Christian Meyer, Læge Sven Nielsen, Anders Loekke Ottesen, Ingrid Titlestad, Nathalie Bautin, Arnaud Bourdin, Pascal Chanez, Francis Couturaud, Antoine Cuvelier, Gilles Devouassoux, Pierre-Olivier Girodet, Jean-François Muir, Jean-Louis Pépin, Alain Proust, Azzedine Yaici, Yochai Adir, Gershon Fink, Zvi Fridlender, Gabriel Izbicki, Mordechai Kramer, Yehuda Schwartz, Juan Moreno Hoyos Abril, Ricardo Campos Cerda, Efraín Montaño Gonzalez, Ricardo Ramirez Terrones, Rodolfo Posadas Valay, Alejandra Ramirez-Venegas, Paul Dawkins, Syed Hussain, Benedict Brockway, John Richmond, Colin Helm, Catherina Chang, Jørn Ahlqvist, Terje Tollåli, Tadeusz Tomala, Socorro Castro, William Chavez, Octavio Cubas, Rolando Estrella, Efrain Felix, Ronal Gamarra, Alfredo Guerreros, Alberto Matsuno, Danilo Salazar, Miguel Tsukayama, Albert Albay Jr, Teresita Aquino, Tito Atienza, Joven Roque Gonong, Ronnie Samoro, Joel Santiaguel, Beata Asankowicz-Bargiel, Ewa Pisarczyk-Bogacka, Renata Bijata-Bronisz, Marta Chełmińska, Małgorzata Dobryniewska, Anna Olech-Cudzik, Tomasz Fijołek, Krzysztof Filipek, Agata Kot, Bożena Kucińska, Krzysztof Lis, Elżbieta Rybicka-Liszewska, Marzenna Tarnowska-Matusiak, Robert Mróz, Piotr Napora, Wojciech Naumnik, Artur Niemiec, Władysław Pierzchała, Grzegorz Przybylski, Katarzyna Styka, Danuta Wrońska, Branislava Milenkovic, Dobrivoje Novkovic, Matijaz Flezar, Niksa Segota, Snezana Ulcar Kostic, Albert Klobucar, Leif Bjermer, Dan Curiac, Christer Janson, Pekka Koskinen, Bo Lundback, Åke Olsson, Shih-Lung Cheng, Ming-Lin Ho, Jeng-Yuan Hsu, Wu-Huei Hsu, Ping-Hung Kuo, Chin-Chou Wang, Yu-Feng Wei, Kuang-Yao Yang, Watchara Boonsawat, Somchai Chantarothorn, Warangkana Keeratichananont, Kittipong Maneechotesuwan, Kanok Pipatvech, Piamlarp Sangsayunh, Sibel Arinc, Sermin Borekci, Arzu Kaner Erturk, Filiz Kosar, Hakan Gunen, Ismail Hanta, Pinar Akin Kabalak, Tunc Alp Demir, Sibel Nayci, Serir Aktogu Ozkan, Abdullah Sayiner, Esra Uzaslan, Viktor Blazhko, Volodymyr Gavrysyuk, Olena Golub, Liudmyla Iashyna, Tetiana Ilashchuk, Volodymyr Koshlia, Olena Krakhmalova, Vitali Kryvenko, Lesia Kuryk, Olena Levchenko, Yuriy Mostovoy, Mykola Ostrovskyy, Tetyana Pertseva, Olena Piura, Nadiya Rudnytska, Ganna Stupnytska, Nataliia Velychko, Oleh Yakovenko, Lilia Rodriguez Ables, Roger Abrahams, Bassil Aish, Jose Alvarez, Fernando Arencibia, Chander Arora, Samir Arora, Francis Averill, Kwabena Ayesu, Stephen Basheda, Steven Bauer, Jose Bautista, Matthew Beacom, Richard Beasley, Hernando Bernal, Subodh Bhuchar, J'Cinda Bitters, John Burk, Elizabeth Burkett, James Cain, Robert Call, Christopher Chappel, Bartolome Celli, Tom Christensen, Jeremy Cole, Jerome Daniel, Nguyen Dang, Enrique Davis, Samuel Deleon, Robert DeLuca, Ernesto Diaz, Anthony DiMarco, Calvin Dixon, Ankur Doshi, Hugh Durrence, Alain Eid, John Elsen, Herbon Fleming, May Flores, Charles Fogarty, Scott Franczek, Stephen Fritz, Gregory Funk, Stuart Garay, Bernard Garcia, Luis Ramos Gonez, Gregory Gottschlich, Joseph Graif, Carl Griffin, Yamirka Duardo Guerra, David Headley, Mitzie Hewitt, Susan Hole, Robert Holladay, Ira Horowitz, Yu-Luen Hsu, Jonathan Ilowite, Stephen Jones, Ravindra Kashyap, Edward Kerwin, Ahtaram Khan, Nicole Kimzey, James Krainson, Flory Kreutter, Kannappan Krishnaswamy, Shahrukh Kureishy, Albert Lai, Alex Lechin, Daria Lee, Marcus Lee, Williams Leeds, Joseph Lillo, Edward Lisberg, Lawrence Madoff, Narendra Maheskwari, Mujibur Majumder, Sashi Makam, Douglas Mapel, Matthew Mardiney, Jennifer Martin, David Maybee, Isaac Melamed, Elvin Mendez, Stuart Millstone, Joseph Montes, Lee Morrow, Frank Murphy, Dany Obeid, France Occy, Godson Oguchi, Juan Ortiz, Francisco Padron, Ward Paine, James Pearle, Enrique Pelayo, Vandely Perez, David Pham, Carlos Piniella, Kevin Pritchett, Padmashri Rastogi, Stephen Ryan, Syed Rehman, Jackson Rhudy, Eustace Riley, James Riser, Clifford Risk, Emory Robinette, Christopher Roney, Gary Ruoff, David Russian, Mercedes Samson, Jay Sandberg, Jose Santiago, William Sargeant, Alan Schecter, Frank Sciurba, Jeffrey Scott, Ilia Segal, Sudhir Sehgal, Frederic Seifer, Sudhir Sekhsaria, Richard Sellman, Paul Shapero, Jeffrey Shea, Lawrence Sher, John Sibille, Jawed Siddiqui, William Sims, Toniya Singh, Deren Sinkowitz, Denise Smyth, Daniel Soteres, Daniel Sousa, Ralph Steele, Thomas Stern, Jose Suarez, Sever Surdulescu, Ricardo Tan, Tonny Tanus, Raymond Tidman, Aurelio Torres-Consuegra, Barry Troyan, John Updegrove, Sanjay Vadgama, Armando Pineda-Velez, Eduardo Viera, Andrew Wachtel, Ralph Wade, Jimin Wang, Dave Webster, Paul Weinberg, Terry Wells, Jeffrey White, Bram Wieskopf, Hugh Windom, Patrick Wright, David Wyatt, Bassam Yousef, Zahid Zafar, Chau Ngo, Huong Le, Lan Nguyen, Thanh Nguyen, Nhung Nguyen
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Male ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Anti-asthmatic Agent ,law.invention ,Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ,Leukocyte Count ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Monoclonal ,Receptors ,Medicine ,Anti-Asthmatic Agents ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Humanized ,COPD Exacerbations ,benralizumab ,clinical trials ,COPD ,Subcutaneous ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,anti–IL-5Rα ,Benralizumab ,Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Female ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage ,Chronic Obstructive ,Benralizumab COPD exacerbations ,Injections, Subcutaneous ,Socio-culturale ,Aged ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Double-Blind Method ,Eosinophils ,Humans ,Patient Acuity ,Receptors, Interleukin-5 ,Antibodies ,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,Injections ,Pulmonary Disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,Phase III ,Anti-Asthmatic Agents/administration & dosage ,In patient ,business.industry ,Eosinophils/metabolism ,medicine.disease ,Clinical trial ,Receptors, Interleukin-5/antagonists & inhibitors ,chemistry ,Multicenter study ,randomized controlled trial ,Immunology ,Interleukin-5 ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of benralizumab, an interleukin-5 receptor alpha-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody, for the prevention of exacerbations in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not known.METHODS: In the GALATHEA and TERRANOVA trials, we enrolled patients with COPD (at a ratio of approximately 2:1 on the basis of eosinophil count [≥220 per cubic millimeter vs. RESULTS: In GALATHEA, the estimates of the annualized exacerbation rate were 1.19 per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.36) in the 30-mg benralizumab group, 1.03 per year (95% CI, 0.90 to 1.19) in the 100-mg benralizumab group, and 1.24 per year (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.42) in the placebo group; the rate ratio as compared with placebo was 0.96 for 30 mg of benralizumab (P = 0.65) and 0.83 for 100 mg of benralizumab (P = 0.05). In TERRANOVA, the estimates of the annualized exacerbation rate for 10 mg, 30 mg, and 100 mg of benralizumab and for placebo were 0.99 per year (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.13), 1.21 per year (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.37), 1.09 per year (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.23), and 1.17 per year (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.32), respectively; the corresponding rate ratios were 0.85 (P = 0.06), 1.04 (P = 0.66), and 0.93 (P = 0.40). At 56 weeks, none of the annualized COPD exacerbation rate ratios for any dose of benralizumab as compared with placebo reached significance in either trial. Types and frequencies of adverse events were similar with benralizumab and placebo.CONCLUSIONS: Add-on benralizumab was not associated with a lower annualized rate of COPD exacerbations than placebo among patients with moderate to very severe COPD, a history of frequent moderate or severe exacerbations, and blood eosinophil counts of 220 per cubic millimeter or greater (Funded by AstraZeneca [GALATHEA and TERRANOVA] and Kyowa Hakko Kirin [GALATHEA]; GALATHEA and TERRANOVA ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02138916 and NCT02155660.).
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- 2019
30. Ionization Processes in the Arc Plasma of W-fuzz Cathodes
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Mikhail M. Tsventoukh, Efim Oks, Georgy Yu. Yushkov, Sergey A. Barengolts, Yury A. Zemskov, and Dmitry L. Shmelev
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Materials science ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plasma ,Vacuum arc ,Tungsten ,Cathode ,Ion ,law.invention ,chemistry ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,law ,Ionization ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,Electron temperature ,Atomic physics ,Helium - Abstract
A model is proposed for investigation of the ionization processes in a plasma jet emitted by a cathode spot cell of W-fuzz cathodes. It was shown that the introduction of helium atoms and the associated change in the morphology of the surface of the tungsten cathode leads to a significant change in the parameters of the arc plasma: a sharp decrease in the electron temperature and the mean charge state of tungsten ions.
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- 2020
31. Simulation of Vacuum Arc with High Average Cathode Current Density
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Igor V. Uimanov, S. A. Chaikovsky, and Dmitry L. Shmelev
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Arc (geometry) ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Materials science ,Dense plasma focus ,law ,Evaporation ,Vacuum arc ,Plasma ,Current (fluid) ,Atomic physics ,Cathode ,law.invention - Abstract
This work presents the results of theoretical modeling of high current vacuum arc (HCVA) with cathode average current density (arc current divided by the cathode area) in the order of 10 5 A/cm 2 . This type of HCVA is used as pumping plasma gun in experiments with plasma puff Z-pinches [4], [5]. During the simulation of the arc burning we calculated the cathode heating and the following cathode evaporation under the action of heat fluxes from the arc plasma. The vaporized substance supplied the arc plasma in parallel with cathode spots. It was shown that the evaporation of the cathode due to plasma heating can explain the sharp increase in the mass of the plasma liner observed in the experiments.
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- 2020
32. WS2/MoS2 Heterostructures via Thermal Treatment of MoS2 Layers Electrostatically Functionalized with W3S4 Molecular Clusters
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Josep Canet-Ferrer, Antonio Alberola, Alicia Forment-Aliaga, Marc Morant-Giner, Artem L. Gushchin, Sergio Tatay, Eugenio Coronado, Isaac Brotons-Alcázar, Nikita Y. Shmelev, Andrei N. Khlobystov, and Luke T. Norman
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Coupling ,Materials science ,Photoluminescence ,business.industry ,Heterojunction ,Thermal treatment ,Homogeneous distribution ,7. Clean energy ,law.invention ,Transition metal ,law ,Cluster (physics) ,Optoelectronics ,Calcination ,business - Abstract
The preparation of 2D stacked layers that combine flakes of different nature, gives rise to countless number of heterostructures where new band alignments, defined at the interfaces, control the electronic properties of the system. Among the large family of 2D/2D heterostructures, the one formed by the combination of the most common semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides WS2/MoS2, has awaken great interest due to its photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical properties. Solution as well as dry physical methods have been developed to optimize the synthesis of these heterostructures. Here a suspension of negatively charged MoS2 flakes is mixed with a methanolic solution of a cationic W3S4-core cluster, giving rise to a homogeneous distribution of the clusters over the layers. In a second step, a calcination under N2 of this molecular/2D heterostructure leads to the formation of clean WS2/MoS2 heterostructures where the photoluminescence of both counterparts is quenched, proving an efficient interlayer coupling. Thus, this chemical method combines the advantages of a solution approach (simple, scalable and low-cost) with the good quality interfaces reached by using more complicated traditional physical methods.
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- 2020
33. A 45-GHz/20-kW Gyrotron-Based Microwave Setup for the Fourth-Generation ECR Ion Sources
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V. V. Kholoptsev, Maxim M. Troitsky, Mikhail I. Bakulin, Mikhail V. Morozkin, Victor B. Orlov, K. A. Zhurin, Alexander Yu Novikov, E. A. Soluyanova, I. V. Plotnikov, Mikhail Yu. Shmelev, E. A. Kopelovich, Yuri V. Bykov, Dmitry I. Sobolev, E. V. Sokolov, Alexander I. Tsvetkov, M. V. Kuznetsov, Eugene M. Tai, Mikhail Yu. Glyavin, A. G. Eremeev, and Gregory G. Denisov
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010302 applied physics ,Physics ,business.industry ,Detector ,01 natural sciences ,Ion source ,Electron cyclotron resonance ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Gyrotron ,0103 physical sciences ,Continuous wave ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Microwave ,Voltage ,Gaussian beam - Abstract
A 45-GHz gyrotron-based microwave oscillator setup has been purposefully developed for powering of a superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source. The setup provides a smoothly regulated output power in the 0.1–20-kW range (up to 26 kW in manual mode) with an efficiency of up to 50% and collector depression in both continuous wave (CW) and pulse modes. Pulse mode specifications: duration 5–200 ms, leading edge less than ${2}~\mu \text{s}$ , trailing edge less than ${1}~\mu \text{s}$ , repetition rate 1–10 Hz, and triggered operation using an external reference oscillator. The set of high-voltage power supplies (HVPSs) is equipped with a fast electronic protective system to ensure trouble-free operation of the gyrotron. The functional structure of the setup corresponds to the general design method for feedback-controlled microwave sources. The feedback loop consists of a power meter (or a detector unit, to the user’s choice), a control system, and an anode HVPS, the regulated voltage of which controls the output power of the gyrotron. The feedback characteristic time is less than 1 s. Feedback control is provided for both CW and pulse modes. The setup includes a unique quasi-optical line that transmits the microwave beam through a 2-m air gap, as well as a synthesized mode converter from the Gaussian beam to the TE01 or TE11 mode (to the user’s choice) installed on a 300-kV platform. During the tests, the developed setup proved to be a reliable and user-friendly tool applicable for long-term powering of the fourth-generation ECR ion sources.
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- 2018
34. Picosecond Relaxation of Photoexcitations in a LiLuF4:Ce3+ Crystal
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A. V. Leontyev, D. K. Zharkov, Vladimir S. Lobkov, L. A. Nurtdinova, and A. G. Shmelev
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Materials science ,Relaxation (NMR) ,Physics::Optics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,law.invention ,Crystal ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,law ,Excited state ,Picosecond ,Femtosecond ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Charge carrier ,Atomic physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) - Abstract
The characteristic durations of energy exchange for Ce3+ impurity centers with lattices in a LiLuF4 crystal and the characteristic lifetime of free photoexcited charge carriers are determined in time-resolved experiments using a pump–probe scheme. The absorption saturation parameters of femtosecond laser pulses with a wavelength of 263 nm are characteristic of a slow absorber that participates in absorption from the excited state.
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- 2018
35. Control of Molecular Dynamics in Benzonitrile and Femtosecond Spectroscopy of the Ultrafast Optical Kerr Effect
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Vladimir S. Lobkov, Victor G. Nikiforov, D. K. Zharkov, A. V. Leontyev, and A. G. Shmelev
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Materials science ,Kerr effect ,Physics::Optics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Pulse (physics) ,Benzonitrile ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Molecular dynamics ,chemistry ,law ,Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters ,Physics::Chemical Physics ,Atomic physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Ultrashort pulse ,Femtochemistry - Abstract
The decomposition of the recorded signal of the ultrafast optical Kerr effect (OKE) in benzonitrile into its components corresponding to different molecular contributions is considered. An optical scheme based on two-pulse nonresonant pumping with the registration of a test laser pulse is devised for this purpose.
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- 2018
36. Russian guidelines for the management of COPD: algorithm of pharmacologic treatment
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V. V. Arkhipov, Andrey Belevskiy, Zaurbek Aisanov, Svetlana Ovcharenko, Marc Miravitlles, E. I. Shmelev, Igor Leshchenko, Sergey Avdeev, and Alexander Chuchalin
- Subjects
Disease ,International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Russia ,Pharmacological treatment ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Health care ,medicine ,COPD ,High prevalence ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,treatment algorithm ,medicine.disease ,Obstructive lung disease ,Discontinuation ,clinical guidelines ,030228 respiratory system ,CLARITY ,business ,Algorithm ,Perspectives - Abstract
Zaurbek Aisanov,1 Sergey Avdeev,2 Vladimir Arkhipov,3 Andrey Belevskiy,1 Alexander Chuchalin,1 Igor Leshchenko,4 Svetlana Ovcharenko,5 Evgeny Shmelev,6 Marc Miravitlles7 1Department of Pulmonology, N.I. Pirogov Russian State National Research Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia, 2Clinical Department, Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 3Clinical Pharmacology Department, RUDN University, 4Department of Phthisiology, Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Ural State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia, Ekaterinburg, 5Internal Medicine Department No.1, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia, 6Department of Differential Diagnostics, Federal Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia; 7Pneumology Department, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain Abstract: The high prevalence of COPD together with its high level of misdiagnosis and late diagnosis dictate the necessity for the development and implementation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in order to improve the management of this disease. High-quality, evidence-based international CPGs need to be adapted to the particular situation of each country or region. A new version of the Russian Respiratory Society guidelines released at the end of 2016 was based on the proposal by Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease but adapted to the characteristics of the Russian health system and included an algorithm of pharmacologic treatment of COPD. The proposed algorithm had to comply with the requirements of the Russian Ministry of Health to be included into the unified electronic rubricator, which required a balance between the level of information and the simplicity of the graphic design. This was achieved by: exclusion of the initial diagnostic process, grouping together the common pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic measures for all patients, and the decision not to use the letters A–D for simplicity and clarity. At all stages of the treatment algorithm, efficacy and safety have to be carefully assessed. Escalation and de-escalation is possible in the case of lack of or insufficient efficacy or safety issues. Bronchodilators should not be discontinued except in the case of significant side effects. At the same time, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) withdrawal is not represented in the algorithm, because it was agreed that there is insufficient evidence to establish clear criteria for ICSs discontinuation. Finally, based on the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease statement, the proposed algorithm reflects and summarizes different approaches to the pharmacological treatment of COPD taking into account the reality of health care in the Russian Federation. Keywords: COPD, clinical guidelines, Russia, treatment algorithm
- Published
- 2018
37. A Comparative Analysis of the Results from Experimental Investigation of Imbalanced Operation Modes of a Three-phase Transformer and Full-phase Simulation Data
- Author
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Nikolay Stoletovs, Vyacheslav E. Shmelev, Evgeniy V. Abramchenko, and Sbitnev Stanislav A
- Subjects
Test bench ,Magnetic core ,law ,Control theory ,Computer science ,Electrical equipment ,Equivalent circuit ,Electric power ,Power-flow study ,Transformer ,law.invention ,Voltage - Abstract
Achieving better energy efficiency and quality of electrical power supply in distribution networks is a multipronged problem, which should be solved with reference to unbiased criteria. Data obtained from load flow analysis of the network under study serve as the main criterion in estimating the efficiency of technical solutions and administrative measures aimed at decreasing technical and commercial losses and improving the key electric energy quality indicators. At the same time, achieving better accuracy of a numerical analysis of electrical networks with loads unevenly distributed among the phases, including, in particular, distribution networks, still remains a significant problem in the electric power industry. The single-line equivalent circuits, which are conventionally used in engineering applications, do not allow the steady-state operating conditions of a three-phase electric network containing multiple sources of imbalance to be analyzed with sufficient accuracy. Under such conditions, it is reasonable to make a shift for using a three-phase representation of the network under study. This approach involves the need to construct three-phase equivalent circuits of electrical equipment, determine their parameters and use them for analysis. The article describes a conceptual approach for constructing the three-phase model of a three-phase two-winding transformer with a wye - grounded wye winding connection circuit, which is widely used in distribution networks. The following experiments were carried out on the test bench: open-circuit test, short-circuit test, load operation tests, open-circuit test under zero sequence supply voltage, and open-circuit test and load operation tests with one phase disconnected. Part of the experimental data was used to calculate the parameters of the three-phase equivalent circuit and to model a three-phase transformer in the MATLAB environment based on the described method.A comparison between the simulated and the experimental data testifies that the performed simulation of various transformer operating conditions yields highly reliable and accurate results. In the balanced mode, the maximum and minimum errors of simulating the main parameters were found to be 4.78 and 2.13%, respectively. In the unbalanced mode, the maximum and minimum errors of simulating the main parameters were found to be 6.6 and 0.78%, respectively. The obtained results allow a conclusion to be drawn that the proposed model of a three-phase two-winding transformer with the wye - grounded wye winding connection circuit adequately reflects the properties of a real transformer. The proposed technique allows the key properties of a three-phase transformer to be revealed, namely, the redistribution of magnetic fluxes among the magnetic core legs and the presence of voltage across the secondary winding when one of the primary winding phases is open. It can also be inferred that a three-phase transformer has a balancing effect.
- Published
- 2018
38. Protactinium-231 – New burnable neutron absorber
- Author
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E. G. Kulikov, G. G. Kulikov, V. A. Apse, and Anatoly Nikolaevich Shmelev
- Subjects
Neutron transport ,Materials science ,020209 energy ,Nuclear Theory ,Neutron poison ,Gadolinium ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Stabilized breeding properties ,law.invention ,Nuclear physics ,Protactinium-231 ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Neutron ,Nuclear Experiment ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Nuclear reactor ,lcsh:TK9001-9401 ,Neutron temperature ,Neutron capture ,Nuclear reactor core ,Super long fuel irradiation campaign ,Iodine pit ,lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power ,Burnable absorber ,High fuel burn-up ,Erbium - Abstract
Burnable neutron absorbers such as gadolinium and erbium are used for compensating excess reactivity in nuclear reactors. Their daughter nuclides resulting from neutron absorption by erbium and gadolinium do not play important role from the viewpoint of neutronics processes occurring in the reactor core. Selection of such burnable neutron absorber, daughter nuclides of which would favorably impact fission chain reaction, is of significant interest. The aim of the present study is to investigate neutronics properties of 231Pa – the new burnable neutron absorber – and possibilities of its producing in significant quantities. The chain of isotopic transformations starting from 237Np is the analogue of the chain of isotopic transformations started from 231Pa. However, improvement of neutron-multiplication properties in the 237Np-chain can only be achieved in fast neutron spectra while in the case of 231Pa-chain positive neutron balance can be achieved both in fast and thermal neutron spectra. From this viewpoint the chain starting from 231Pa is unique. In addition, 237Np can be produced in nuclear reactors as the result of neutron radiative capture by 235U while significant amounts of 231Pa can only be produced through the threshold (n,2n) and (n,3n)-reactions on 232Th under its irradiation with super high-energy neutrons. Such neutrons with super high energies are practically absent even in fast spectrum reactors, but, however, these neutrons are available in fusion reactors. Breeding of 231Pa in fusion reactors and further use of 231Pa in nuclear power reactors can make it possible to realize potential capabilities of fusion facilities for radical increase of nuclear reactor fuel burn-up. Thus, 231Pa isotope is the new and unique burnable neutron absorber never suggested for the purpose before. Evaluated nuclear data libraries JENDL-4.0 and ENDF/B-V, as well as computer software system SCALE-4.3 were used in the implementation of the present study. The following results were obtained. (1) In contrast to conventional burnable neutron absorbers on the basis of gadolinium and erbium, the protactinium isotope suggested in this paper appears to be more attractive because it allows us not only compensating initial excess reactivity, but, also, ensuring high fuel burn-up due to good multiplication properties of its daughter nuclides. (2) Significant quantities of protactinium could be produced in hybrid fusion–fission reactors acting as sources of neutrons (not sources of energy) with parameters already achieved by the present moment by experimental facilities in USA, Japan, UK.
- Published
- 2017
39. Numerical Simulation of Plasma Near the Cathode Spot of Vacuum Arc
- Author
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Sergey A. Barengolts, Mikhail M. Tsventoukh, and Dmitry L. Shmelev
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Radius ,Vacuum arc ,Plasma ,Type (model theory) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Cathode ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Anode ,law.invention ,Heat flux ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,Atomic physics ,010306 general physics ,Current density - Abstract
Kinetic numerical simulation of plasma near the cathode spot (CS) was performed. Two types of possible solutions for the self-sustained CS on copper cathode were found. The firs type of solutions is valid for quasi-stationary spot with radius of about $100~\mu \text{m}$ . Stationary solution in this case is possible with cathode temperature 4.2–4.5 kK, current density $\sim 10^{6}$ A/cm2, and applied voltage 20–25 V. The second type of solution is obtained for the spot with radius of $1~\mu \text{m}$ and spherical geometry of plasma expansion. Possible solutions were obtained for the cathode temperature of above 6.2 kK, current density of about $10^{8}$ A/cm2 and applied voltage of 15–25 V. Transient simulations of the near-cathode plasma expansion have shown that if current density remains less than $10^{9}$ A/cm2 then the plasma expansion has a “quiet” self-similar character. At higher current density the plasma expansion has an essentially nonstationary character. The high-density current leads first to the development of Buneman instability and second to the plasma rupture with the creation of conditions for collective acceleration of ions toward the cathode and toward the anode. The accelerated ions create an additional powerful heat flux to the cathode, which should facilitate the reproduction of the CSs in the spark stage of vacuum discharge.
- Published
- 2017
40. Effect of the discharge parameters on the generation of deuterium ions in the plasma of a high-current pulsed vacuum arc with a composite zirconium deuteride cathode
- Author
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S. A. Barengolts, Efim Oks, Igor V. Uimanov, V. P. Frolova, Dmitry L. Shmelev, G. Yu. Yushkov, and Alexey G. Nikolaev
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Ion beam ,Vacuum arc ,Plasma ,01 natural sciences ,Cathode ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Electric arc ,Plasma arc welding ,Deuterium ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Cathodic arc deposition ,Atomic physics - Abstract
We have studied the mass and charge composition of an ion beam extracted from the plasma of a vacuum arc with a zirconium deuteride cathode for various durations of the arc current pulse (half width at half amplitude) of 2, 4, 7, and 17 μs. It has been established that the fraction of deuterium ions in the vacuum arc plasma increases with the current and the dependence achieve saturation for current of about 1 kA. For the fraction of deuterium atoms in the cathode at a level of 40%, the fraction of deuterium ions in the vacuum arc plasma can exceed 80%. The experimental results have been interpreted theoretically. It has been shown that the main sources of deuterium ions in a microsecond arc discharge are cathode spots. We have developed a model of deuterium desorption during the operation of cathode spots for quantitatively estimating the concentration of deuterium ions in the arc plasma.
- Published
- 2017
41. Ultrafast spectroscopy of CdS/CdSe quantum dots
- Author
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D. K. Zharkov, Vladimir S. Lobkov, Victor G. Nikiforov, A. V. Leontyev, A. G. Shmelev, and Vitaly V. Samartsev
- Subjects
Materials science ,Physics::Optics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanoparticle ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,law.invention ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Optics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Spectroscopy ,Envelope (waves) ,010302 applied physics ,Condensed Matter::Other ,business.industry ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Computer Science::Other ,Lens (optics) ,Amplitude ,Quantum dot ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Ultrashort pulse - Abstract
Results from the nonresonance spectroscopy of CdS/CdSe quantum dots (composites of CdSe–CdS nanoparticles (core–shell)) are presented. The nonlinear optical properties of CdS/CdSe QDs in PMMA are studied with fs pulses at 1053 nm using the transient lens technique. QDs generate rapidly oscillating signals with amplitude rise times of around 200 fs and decay times of around 500 fs, while pure PMMA polymer only generates an oscillating signal whose envelope coincides with its autocorrelation function.
- Published
- 2017
42. Development of methodology for computational analysis of thermo-hydraulic processes proceeding in fast-neutron reactor with FlowVision CFD software
- Author
-
Andrey A. Aksenov, Sergey V. Zhluktov, S. A. Rogozhkin, Vasilii V. Pakholkov, Maksim N. Zhestkov, Vladimir V. Shmelev, and Sergey F. Shepelev
- Subjects
fast-neutron reactor ,Computer science ,Nuclear engineering ,FlowVision ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,thermal stratification ,Development (topology) ,Fast-neutron reactor ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Computational analysis ,0101 mathematics ,lcsh:T57-57.97 ,lcsh:Mathematics ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Computer Science Applications ,010101 applied mathematics ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Modeling and Simulation ,numerical simulation ,hydrodynamics ,lcsh:Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods ,Systems engineering ,Cfd software - Abstract
An approach to numerical analysis of thermo-hydraulic processes proceeding in a fast-neutron reactor is described in the given article. The description covers physical models, numerical schemes and geometry simplifications accepted in the computational model. Steady-state and dynamic regimes of reactor operation are considered. The steady-state regimes simulate the reactor operation at nominal power. The dynamic regimes simulate the shutdown reactor cooling by means of the heat-removal system. Simulation of thermo-hydraulic processes is carried out in the FlowVision CFD software. A mathematical model describing the coolant flow in the first loop of the fast-neutron reactor was developed on the basis of the available geometrical model. The flow of the working fluid in the reactor simulator is calculated under the assumption that the fluid density does not depend on pressure, with use a $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model, with use of a model of dispersed medium, and with account of conjugate heat exchange. The model of dispersed medium implemented in the FlowVision software allowed taking into account heat exchange between the heat-exchanger lops. Due to geometric complexity of the core region, the zones occupied by the two heat exchangers were modeled by hydraulic resistances and heat sources. Numerical simulation of the coolant flow in the FlowVision software enabled obtaining the distributions of temperature, velocity and pressure in the entire computational domain. Using the model of dispersed medium allowed calculation of the temperature distributions in the second loops of the heat exchangers. Besides that, the variation of the coolant temperature along the two thermal probes is determined. The probes were located in the cool and hot chambers of the fast-neutron reactor simulator. Comparative analysis of the numerical and experimental data has shown that the developed mathematical model is correct and, therefore, it can be used for simulation of thermo-hydraulic processes proceeding in fast-neutron reactors with sodium coolant.
- Published
- 2017
43. Study of RF transistor with submicron T-shaped gate fabricated by nanoimprint lithography
- Author
-
S. S. Shmelev, A. A. Zaitsev, and V. I. Egorkin
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Power gain ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Transconductance ,Transistor ,Gate dielectric ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Nanoimprint lithography ,law.invention ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,Optoelectronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Voltage - Abstract
The results devoted to the development of a method for creating an RF transistor, in which a T-shaped gate is formed by nanoimprint lithography, are presented. The characteristics of GaAs p-HEMT transistors have been studied. The developed transistor has a gate “foot” length of the order of 250 nm and a maximum transconductance of more than 350 mS/mm. The maximum frequency of current amplification f t is 40 GHz at the drain-source voltage V DS = 1.4 V and the maximum frequency of the power gain f max is 50 GHz at V DS = 3 V.
- Published
- 2016
44. Simulation of Cathode Spots Crater Formation on Zirconium Electrode
- Author
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Dmitry L. Shmelev, Xiao Zhang, Lijun Wang, and Shenli Jia
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Zirconium ,Liquid metal ,Materials science ,Evaporation ,chemistry.chemical_element ,01 natural sciences ,Cathode ,law.invention ,Field electron emission ,Impact crater ,chemistry ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Heat transfer ,Atomic physics ,010306 general physics ,Current density - Abstract
The model of cathode spot including internal physical process is improved on pure zirconium (Zr) cathode, mass equation, momentum equation, heat transfer equation, potential equation are considered in current model. The mean charge state is 2.6 instead of an integer, so the Mackeown equation is shown. In simulation result, the discharge current can reach 7A, the potential can reach 0.23V, the maximum temperature is about 4300K and the maximum electron field is about 5×109V/m. Ablation rate in cathode spot crater development stage is calculated by different ways, simulation result shows that mass loss caused by evaporation can be ignored, most of metal corresponding to cathode spot crater leaves on cathode, droplets are the main reason for cathode ablation, and the ablation rates calculated by droplets are on the same order of magnitude with experiment results. In addition, when liquid metal rings break into droplets, the radius of droplets should be a little larger than the width of the liquid metal rings.
- Published
- 2019
45. Selecting optimal configurations of optical schemes for solving the problem of railway wheels laser thermal treatment
- Author
-
V. I. Sokolov, S. A. Shmelev, and A. V. Bogdanov
- Subjects
Industrial growth ,Contact surfaces ,Materials science ,law ,Fiber laser ,Hardening (metallurgy) ,Lubrication ,Mechanical engineering ,Thermal treatment ,Coefficient of friction ,Laser ,law.invention - Abstract
At the time of stable industrial growth the operating efficiency of railways in Russia is becoming more and more important nowadays. The main expenses of Russian Railways are related to the heavy wear of wheels contact surfaces when interacting with the rails. Russian railways use many ways to deal with this problem, such as the reduction of the coefficient of friction – lubrication, the use of optimal ratio of wheels and rails hardness, the use of plasma hardening and others. The authors of this article analyzed various optical circuit configurations that can be used with fiber lasers to provide thermal treatment of railway wheels.At the time of stable industrial growth the operating efficiency of railways in Russia is becoming more and more important nowadays. The main expenses of Russian Railways are related to the heavy wear of wheels contact surfaces when interacting with the rails. Russian railways use many ways to deal with this problem, such as the reduction of the coefficient of friction – lubrication, the use of optimal ratio of wheels and rails hardness, the use of plasma hardening and others. The authors of this article analyzed various optical circuit configurations that can be used with fiber lasers to provide thermal treatment of railway wheels.
- Published
- 2019
46. Molecular and Polymer Ln2M2 (Ln = Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy; M = Zn, Cd) Complexes with Pentafluorobenzoate Anions: The Role of Temperature and Stacking Effects in the Structure; Magnetic and Luminescent Properties
- Author
-
Ilya V. Taydakov, Mikhail A. Kiskin, Natalia V. Gogoleva, M. A. Shmelev, Evgenia A. Varaksina, Vladislav M. Korshunov, Konstantin A. Babeshkin, Igor L. Eremenko, Alexey A. Sidorov, Julia K. Voronina, and Nikolay N. Efimov
- Subjects
Pentafluorobenzoic acid ,cadmium-lanthanide(III) complexes ,Coordination polymer ,pentafluorobenzoic acid ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Terbium ,Zinc ,010402 general chemistry ,lcsh:Technology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,single crystal X-ray ,law ,Magnetochemistry ,General Materials Science ,Crystallization ,lcsh:Microscopy ,lcsh:QC120-168.85 ,zinc-lanthanide(III) complexes ,lcsh:QH201-278.5 ,lcsh:T ,010405 organic chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,coordination polymer ,Crystallography ,chemistry ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,magnetochemistry ,lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Luminescence ,Europium ,lcsh:TK1-9971 - Abstract
Varying the temperature of the reaction of [{Cd(pfb)(H2O)4}+n·n(pfb)−], [Ln2(pfb)6(H2O)8]·H2O (Hpfb = pentafluorobenzoic acid), and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in MeCN followed by crystallization resulted in the isolation of two type of products: 1D-polymers [LnCd(pfb)5(phen)]n·1.5nMeCN (Ln = Eu (I), Gd (II), Tb (III), Dy (IV)) which were isolated at 25 °C, and molecular compounds [Tb2Cd2(pfb)10(phen)2] (V) formed at 75 °C. The transition from a molecular to a polymer structure becomes possible because of intra- and intermolecular interactions between the aromatic cycles of phen and pfb from neighboring tetranuclear Ln2Cd2 fragments. Replacement of cadmium with zinc in the reaction resulted in molecular compounds Ln2Zn2 [Ln2Zn2(pfb)10(phen)2]·4MeCN (Ln = Eu (VI), Tb (VIII), Dy (IX)) and [Gd2Zn2(pfb)10(H2O)2(phen)2]·4MeCN (VII). A new molecular EuCd complex [Eu2Cd2(pfb)10(phen)4]·4MeCN (X)] was isolated from a mixture of cadmium, zinc, and europium pentafluorobenzoates (Cd: Zn:Ln = 1:1: 2). Complexes II-IV, VII and IX exhibit magnetic relaxation at liquid helium temperatures in nonzero magnetic fields. Luminescent studies revealed a bright luminescence of complexes with europium(III) and terbium(III) ions.
- Published
- 2020
47. Experimental study of the stripping breakup of droplets and jets after their ejection from a liquid surface
- Author
-
I. V. Shmelev, L. K. Antonyuk, A. V. Fedorov, and A. L. Mikhailov
- Subjects
Heterodyne ,Shock wave ,Stripping (chemistry) ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,General Chemical Engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,Optics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters ,Weber number ,010306 general physics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Physics ,business.industry ,General Chemistry ,Mechanics ,Laser ,Breakup ,Interferometry ,Fuel Technology ,Free surface ,business - Abstract
This paper presents the results of experiments on the breakup dynamics of droplets and jets moving in a gas medium after their shock-wave ejection from the surface of a liquid and molten metal. Velocities of jets, droplet clouds, and the free surface and the deceleration parameters of droplets and jets in the gas were measured using a heterodyne laser interferometer (photon Doppler velocimetry). The induction period and the droplet sizes after breakup were determined.
- Published
- 2016
48. Advanced nuclear fuel cycle for the RF using actinides breeding in thorium blankets of fusion neutron source
- Author
-
Anatoly Nikolaevich Shmelev, G. G. Kulikov, E. G. Kulikov, V. A. Apse, and Nikolay I. Geraskin
- Subjects
Nuclear fuel cycle ,The protection of fissile materials against uncontrolled proliferation ,Nuclear engineering ,Enriched uranium ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Protactinium-231 ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,MOX fuel ,Hybrid “FUSION–FISSION” reactor with thorium blanket ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,The stabilization of multiplication properties ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Multi-isotope uranium fuel ,Nuclear reactor ,Nuclear power ,lcsh:TK9001-9401 ,Spent nuclear fuel ,0104 chemical sciences ,Thorium fuel cycle ,Light uranium fraction ,Uranium-233 ,lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power ,business - Abstract
The possible role of existing thorium reserves in the Russian Federation on engaging thorium in being currently closed (U-Pu)—fuel cycle of nuclear power of the country is considered. The application efficiency of thermonuclear neutron sources with thorium blanket for the economical use of existing thorium reserves is demonstrated. The aim of the work is to find solutions of such major tasks as the reduction of both front-end and back-end of nuclear fuel cycle and an enhancing its protection against the uncontrolled proliferation of fissile materials by means of the smallest changes in the fuel cycle. During implementation of the work we analyzed the results obtained earlier by the authors, brought new information on the number of thorium available in the Russian Federation and made further assessments. On the basis of proposal on the inclusion of hybrid reactors with Th-blanket into the future nuclear power for the production of light uranium fraction 232 + 233+234U, and 231Pa, we obtained the following results: 1 The fuel cycle will shift from fissile 235U to 233U which is more attractive for thermal power reactors. 2 The light uranium fraction is the most "protected" in the uranium component of fuel and mixed with regenerated uranium will in addition become a low enriched uranium fuel, that will weaken the problem of uncontrolled proliferation of fissile materials. 3 231Pa doping into the fuel stabilizes its multiplying properties that will allow us to implement long-term fuel residence time and eventually to increase the export potential of all nuclear power technologies. 4 The thorium reserves being near city Krasnoufimsk are large enough for operation of large-scale nuclear power of the Russian Federation of 70 GW (e.) capacity during more than a quarter century. The general conclusion: the inclusion of a small number of hybrid reactors with Th-blanket into the future nuclear power will allow us substantially to solve its problems, as well as to increase its export potential.
- Published
- 2016
49. Integrated quality control of the rotor discs of gas turbines of gas-compressor units by eddy-current and dye penetrant nondestructive testing
- Author
-
M. P. Andreev, N. G. Shmelev, A. I. Rybnikov, A. V. Moshnikov, A. I. Levchenko, and I. I. Kryukov
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Structural material ,business.industry ,Rotor (electric) ,Capillary action ,Mechanical Engineering ,Mechanical engineering ,Structural engineering ,Dye penetrant inspection ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,stomatognathic diseases ,Mechanics of Materials ,law ,Nondestructive testing ,0103 physical sciences ,Service life ,Eddy current ,General Materials Science ,business ,010301 acoustics ,Gas compressor - Abstract
The features of the integrated diagnostics of the discs of gas turbines of gas-compressor units using eddy-current and dye-penetrant testing are considered. The effectiveness of the detection of the crack-type defects in HPT and LPT discs under the first tooth of the fir-tree slots of the discs along the contact line of the teeth of the comb and blade butt are demonstrated. The calculations of the stress–strain state allowed the estimation of the occurrence of cracks in the fir-tree slots of discs, as well as the service life of discs up to crack formation at extraordinary operating temperatures. Integrated quality control by eddy-current and color capillary nondestructive testing provides reliable crack detection in details without serious costs for mechanical preparation of items for inspection along with a substantial reduction of the labor-intensiveness and depth of the inspection.
- Published
- 2016
50. An Approach to Hybrid Learning Resource Design for Training Professionals in Computational Science
- Author
-
Vadim Shmelev, Klavdiya Bochenina, Maria Karpova, and Alexey Dukhanov
- Subjects
Computer science ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Educational technology ,050301 education ,Cloud computing ,02 engineering and technology ,Hybrid learning ,Robot learning ,Learning sciences ,Synchronous learning ,Computational science ,law.invention ,Resource (project management) ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Hypertext ,business ,0503 education ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Recent trends of mass character and individualization of education impose new requirements on technology-enhanced learning environments. One of the main problems in maintaining high-quality education in knowledge-intensive areas such as Computational Science is rapid obsolescence of learning materials due to the accelerating rate of an appearance of novel research and technological achievements. In this paper, we propose an approach to a fast design of hybrid learning resources which combine different forms of representations of novel scientific results (including hypertext and software) with out-of-the-box support of learning objects’ execution in cloud computing platforms. The experimental part of the study considers the preparation of hybrid learning resources for Master students in High-Performance Computing Department of ITMO University, Russia. We show how the implementation of proposed approach on the basis of CLAVIRE platform speeds up the translation of scientific results into reusable learning materials and thus contributes to the improvement of the quality of training professionals in Computational Science.
- Published
- 2016
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