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The main aim of this study is providing of Mentha longifolia L essential oil emulsion loaded with omega 3 fatty acids and optimization by polyaniline (PANI) nano-fiber/gas chromatography (PANI-F/GC). The head space solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method by polyaniline nanofibers was used to extract released essential oils of emulsion. The effects of four factors, including omega 3 percent, surfactant-to-oil ratio (SOR%), surfactant type (TWEEN 20, 80 and caseinate sodium) and storage time on the encapsulation efficiency, and essential oil chromatographic characteristics including total peak number, total peak area and total peak height were studied. The Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to design experiments and study the effects of four factors on the responses and P-value of

In the present study, we assessed seasonal variation in the accumulation potential of wild mint (Mentha longifolia) to heavy metals as well as the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of t...

[EN] Essential oil (EO) yield and composition of five accessions ofMentha longifolia(L.) L. (leaves) were determined throughout their vegetative cycle by GC-MS and GC-FID analysis. These accessions were selected based on TLC profiles of dichloromethane extracts from wild individuals. The profile rich in alpha-terpinyl acetate and 8-acetoxy carvotanacetone has not been previously reported. The maximum value of EO yield was obtained in advanced flowering stage. The major composition changes were noted at the beginning of the vegetative cycle, whereas more stability was found during the flowering stage. Thus, significant changes in the major compounds were found in some accessions: piperitone and piperitenone oxides, alpha-terpineol acetate and 8-acetoxy carvotanacetone, which showed a considerable increase (6.0% to 20.1%) during the vegetative growth, the same way that pulegone and piperitenone oxide in other accessions. As biological activities depend on EO composition, the knowledge of its seasonal changes should be emphasized.

As an important phytochemical class, essential oils of aromatic plants are determined as a perfect resource of food additives and medicinal agents. The chemical composition of the essential oils is...

The present study assessed the phytotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the essential oil (EO) extracted from aboveground parts of Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed 39 compounds constituting 99.67% of the EO. The EO was rich in monoterpenoids (mostly oxygenated monoterpenes), which accounted for 89.28% of the oil. The major components in EO were monoterpene ketones such as piperitone oxide (53.83%) and piperitenone oxide (11.52%), followed by thymol (5.80%), and (E)-caryophyllene (4.88%). The phytotoxic activities of EO were estimated against Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Oryza sativa (rice) through pre- and post-emergence assays at concentrations ranging from 10 to 250 μg/ml and 0.5-5%, respectively. In pre-emergence assay, the phytotoxic effect of EO was most pronounced on C. rotundus, thereby significantly affecting percent germination, plantlet growth, and chlorophyll content. On the contrary, the impact was comparatively lesser on rice, with ~ 40% germination in response to 250 μg/ml of EO treatment. In the post-emergence assay, the spray treatment of EO caused a loss of chlorophyll and wilting in test plants, and subsequently affected the growth of plants, even leading to death in some cases. The cytotoxic activity of EO (at 2.5-50 μg/ml) was studied in meristem cells in onion (Allium cepa L.) root tips. EO exposure to the onion roots induced various chromosomal aberrations such as chromosomal bridges, c-mitosis, stickiness, vagrant chromosomes, etc., and negatively affected the mitotic index. At 50 μg/ml, EO treatment triggered the complete death of roots. The study concludes that M. longifolia EO has phytotoxic activities due to the mito-depressive effect, along with other physiological effects on target plants. Therefore, EO of M. longifolia could be developed into a novel bioherbicide for sustainable management of weeds in agricultural systems.

Mentha longifolia . is a perennial herb of Mentha in Labiatae. Considering the biological activities of Mentha longifolia essential oils, this work was planned to study the yields, relative percentage content and semi-quantitative change of chemical constituents as well as the biological activities of essential oils extracted by different extraction methods. Steam-distillation (SD), lipophilic solvents (n-hexane) extraction (LSE) and supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SC-CO2) were employed to produce essential oils from Mentha longifolia. The essential oil obtained from LSE (1.21 ± 0.06%, w/w) showed the highest yield. A total of 39 compounds were identified by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major compounds in SD and LSE were carvone, limonene, trans-caryophyllene and α-Terpineol, the major compounds in SC-CO2 were carvone, trans-caryophyllene, trans-β-Farnesene and Germacrene D. All essential oils showed varying degrees of antioxidant and anti-COX-2 activity. The IC50 ranging from (0.69 ± 0.01 ~ 15.61 ± 0.16 mg/mL) for DPPH and (0.16 ± 0.001 ~ 2.19 ± 0.11 mg/mL) for ABTS, SC-CO2 produced essential oil showed the highest scavenging activity both on DPPH and ABTS. Meanwhile, all the EOs showed the strong inhibition activity on COX-2, the EO obtained by SC-CO2 also showed the highest capacity to inhibit COX-2.

Mentha longifolia (L.) L. is the most widespread wild-growing mint species found, and its chemical composition is extremely diverse. We studied the essential oil (EO) yield, composition, and chemotaxonomy of five, northern Hungarian accessions of the species in a cultivation experiment covering two vegetation years at two parallel sites. The long-term goal is to establish the cultivation of this stress-tolerant species in Hungary as a source of flavoring and preservative agents for commercial use. Essential oil yield (1–2 mL/100 g) was observed to be dependent on both the accession and the year. Accession HV1 is assumed to be a new, presumably rare chemotype containing carvacrol (19.28–20.56%), 1,8-cineole (14.87–17.45%), thymol (13.36–13.90%), carvacryl acetate (8.81–10.40%), and para-cymene (7.24–8.01%). Only minor fluctuations occurred in concentrations of these constituents due to habitats and years. A radical change in essential oil composition was observed in accession HV2, as one batch was based on thymol (19.79%) and 1,8-cineole (14.93%), while the others were rich in dihydrocarvone isomers (up to 69%). Although this needs further investigation, it does explain the coexistence of limonene-oxo and γ-terpinene pathways in horsemint. According to the literature, the pathway leading to thymol isomers and/or esters may be rare in the entire Mentha genus. We also demonstrated that known chemotypes of horsemint may differ in variability of their EO composition. Our results also led to the conclusion that any declaration on chemotype needs detailed examination and is not realistic on the basis of a single sample. Assumptions were made about the potential areas of utilization: beside fragrance and flavoring uses of essential oils free from pulegone and menthofurane, thymol-based ones may be used as antioxidative and anti-spoilage agents.

This study aims to evaluate the benefits of some herbs such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-cancer activities of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), peppermint (Mentha longifolia), and wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) essential oils (EOs). The chemical composition was identified using the GC-MS technique. The total phenolic content and the antioxidant activities were monitored by radical scavenging assay (DPPH). Furthermore, the antibacterial properties were evaluated. The possible anti-cancer activity was determined in vitro against colon (HCT116), breast (MC7) cancer, and normal human lung cell lines. The results showed that the major compounds of lemongrass EO were neral, citral,β-myrcene and camphor, while peppermint were E-Menthone, pulegone, Z-menthone, 1,8 cineole and menthol. Moreover, wormwood EO vital constituents were artemisia ketone, camphor, camphene and α-pinene. Lemongrass and wormwood EOs contain the highest total phenolic content than peppermint. Wormwood EO has the highest antioxidant activity using DPPH (IC50= 0.689%). The inhibitory effect of lemongrass, peppermint, and wormwood EOs was higher against Gram-negative bacteria. Lemongrass and wormwood EOs showed the highest anti-cancer potential against HCT116 (IC50=77.413 and IC50=297.5 µg/ml, respectively). Lemongrass and wormwood EOs effectively inhibited the HCT116 cancer cell line's growth. We recommended using these plants, which act as antioxidants, antibacterial and anti-cancer, in the future.

A comparative study of volatile constituents, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking was conducted between essential oils from Mentha longifolia L., Mentha spicata L., and Origanum majorana L., widely cultivated in Madinah. The investigation of volatile oils extracted by hydrodistillation was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A total number of 29, 42, and 29 components were identified in M. longifolia, M. spicata, and O. majorana representing, respectively, 95.91, 94.62, and 98.42, of the total oils. Pulegone (38.42%), 1,8-cineole (15.60%), menthone (13.20%), and isopulegone (9.81%) were the dominant compounds in M. longifolia oil, carvone (35.14%), limonene (27.11%), germacrene D (4.73%), and β-caryophyllene (3.02%) were dominant in M. spicata oil, terpin-4-ol (42.47%), trans-sabinene hydrate (8.52%), γ-terpinene (7.90%), α-terpineol (7.38%), linalool (6.35%), α-terpinene (5.42%), and cis-sabinene hydrate (3.14%) were dominant in O. majorana oil. The antioxidant activity, assessed using DPPH free radical–scavenging and ABTS assays, was found to be the highest in O. majorana volatile oil, followed by M. spicata and M. longifolia, which is consistent with the differences in total phenolic content and volatile constituents identified in investigated oils. In the same context, molecular docking of the main identified volatiles on NADPH oxidase showed a higher binding affinity for cis-verbenyl acetate, followed by β-elemene and linalool, compared to the control (dextromethorphan). These results prove significant antioxidant abilities of the investigated oils, which may be considered for further analyses concerning the control of oxidative stress, as well as for their use as possible antioxidant agents in the pharmaceutical industry.

WOS: 000472088900006, PubMed ID: 31258351, Objective: This study aimed to determine the antibiofilm activity of Mentha longifolia essential oil (EO) against biofilms forming on in-vitro implant surfaces. Materials and Methods: Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans biofilms were used. Stainless steel and titanium samples were grouped as control, water diluted, no EO addition, and reducing amounts of EO doses. The six microorganisms included in the study were investigated to examine if there were differences between the doses on the implant surfaces. The eradication effect of the EO in samples investigated with electron microscope was classified as 0: none, 1: mild, 2: moderate, and 3: severe. The chemical composition of the EO was determined with gas chromatography. Results: In terms of biofilm formation, no difference was observed between implant surfaces. While S. aureus and C. albicans were observed to be the most susceptible, P. aeruginosa was identified as the most resistant. According to gas chromatography, M. longifolia EO comprised 61.40% carvacrol and 0.28% thymol. Conclusion: In vitro, M. longifolia EO was shown to be effective against gram negative/positive and fungal biofilms forming on the surface of stainless steel and titanium implants., Turkish Orthopedics Research Council (TORC); Turkish Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology (TSOT), This work was supported by the Turkish Orthopedics Research Council (TORC) and the Turkish Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology (TSOT).

Understanding the reproductive system of mint (Mentha spp.) through self or open pollination is critical for its improvement. In this study, fresh and dry weight, essential oil yield, essential oil composition, flavonoid and phenolic contents of 12 mint populations derived from self and open-pollination, plus their parents belonging to two species, were evaluated. The results showed inbreeding depression in self-pollinated populations compared with the parents, for fresh and dry weights and essential oil yield belonging to Mentha longifolia, but in populations belonging to Mentha spicata, fresh weight, dry weight and essential oil yield increased in self and open-pollinated populations, compared with the parents. The possibility of self-pollination and subsequent improvements in offspring may be considered as an existence of some self-compatibility in mint species. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and GC-FID analyses were also performed to determine the essential oil components. Accordingly, 29 compounds were determined including pulegone (0.87–71%), piperitenone (0.94–76.87%), carvone (0.19–52.01%), and limonene (1.19–26.61%) in the genotypes of M. longifolia and M. spicata. The amount of pulegone, as well as limonene and carvone, significantly decreased in some populations derived from self and open pollination while a significant increase in the amount of piperitenone and menthone was found in this condition. Results also showed that the pollination system had no significant effect on phenolic content while self-pollination significantly increased the flavonoid content of Hamedan and Lorestan populations. Self-pollination in mint may be viewed as a useful way to increase genetic homogenicity for the selection of superior plants in breeding programs for pharmaceutical purposes.

Mint species (Mentha sp.) are important vegetables with medicinal and economic characteristics. In this study, the genetic relationships of 34 accessions of 5 mint species including Mentha spicata, Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita, Mentha aquatica, and Mentha mozaffarianii Jamzad were evaluated using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers, followed by the analysis of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products on a high-resolution acrylamide gel. ISSR primers yielded 74 clear and reproducible bands, of which 50 bands were polymorph (65.28%), with a minimum of 7 ((TG) 8 G) and a maximum of 17 ((GA) 8 YC) bands per primer. Polymorphism information content (PIC) for each primer varied from 0.37 to 0.46 with an average of 0.41. The marker index referred to (GA) 8 YC primer as the most efficient compared to others. The analysis of the molecular variance (AMOVA) at the species level showed that variation within the species (75%) exhibits greater partitioning than the variation among species (15%). The cluster analysis performed was based on Nei’s genetic distances using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) method. At the accession level, all 34 accessions were separated into 3 main clusters. The cluster analysis at the species level placed 3 species including M. aquatica, M. longifolia, and M. spicata in one common group. Based on the cluster analysis, the M. mozaffarianii Jamzad, as an Iranian species, was placed in Mentha section, closer to other species, when compared to M. piperita. The results indicated that ISSR markers alongside a high-resolution electrophoresis can be truly helpful in visualizing the diversity among different accessions of one species.

The chemical composition of essential oil extracted from leaves of the medicinal plant Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds growing in Egypt, were determined through Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry ( G...

This work is a summary of the characterization, activities, and ethnobotanical surveys about aromatic and medicinal plants belonging to the genus Mentha in Morocco. The Mentha species investigated are Mentha pulegium, Mentha spicata, Mentha viridis, Mentha suaveolens, Mentha longifolia, Mentha gattefossei, Mentha rotundifolia, and Mentha vulgare, with M. pulegium being the most studied species. M. spicata and M. viridis are poorly explored even though they are daily consumed by Moroccans in tea infusions. The elucidated factors affecting the composition of Mentha essential oils are fertilization, drying conditions, mechanical impedance, NaCl stress, and Gamma irradiation. Investigation of the activities of the Mentha species showed that the main interest was dedicated to addressing the antibacterial effect towards gram+ and gram- bacteria. Essential oils of Mentha species exhibited antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, insecticidal, licidal, niticidal, allelopathic, antidiabetic, derma-protective, and anticorrosive activities. The ethnobotanical surveys revealed that Mentha species are used in seven regions: Tafilalet, High Atlas, Fez-Boulemane, Taounat, Oujda, Ouazzane, and Rabat. By calculating the Jaccard index, the highest degree of similarity was found between Tafilalet, Rabat, and Oujda regions. The wide use of the Mentha species in Morocco highlights the high ethnobotanical value of the genus., Food science; Mentha spp; Essential oil; Characterization; Extract activity; Ethnobotanical survey; Semi-arid zone

Mint [Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson] is an aromatic plant that belongs to Lamiaceae family. It is traditionally used as herbal tea in Europe, Australia and North Africa and shows numerous pharmacological effects, such as spasmolytic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-hemolytic. Recently, its antiproliferative role has been suggested in a small number of tumor cell models, but no data are available on adrenocortical carcinoma, a malignancy with a survival rate at 5 years of 20%–30% which frequently metastasize. This work aimed to study the effects of Mentha longifolia L. crude extract (ME) on two adrenocortical tumor cell models (H295R and SW13 cells). Chemical composition of ME was assessed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy analysis. Brine shrimp lethality assay showed ME effects at >0.5 µg/µl (p < 0.05). Cell viability and vitality were determined by MTT, SRB, and trypan blue assays in H295R and SW13 cells. The anti-proliferative effects of ME were more evident in SW13 cells at 72 h (ME > 0.5 µg/µl, p < 0.05). Combination of ME with mitotane (approved drug for adrenocortical carcinoma) seemed not to reinforce the efficacy of the herb. As control, human fibroblasts were treated with ME with no effect on cell viability. Clonogenic assay was concordant with previous cell viability tests (ME > 0.5 µg/µl, p < 0.05), while Wright staining demonstrated the presence of both necrotic and apoptotic cells. Cell cycle analysis showed a strong increase in subG0/G1 phase, related to cell death. Furthermore, MAPK and PI3k/Akt pathways were modulated by Western blot analysis when treating cells with ME alone or combined with mitotane. The crude methanolic extract of wild mountain mint can decrease cell viability, vitality and survival of adrenocortical tumor cell models, in particular of SW13 cells. These data show the potential anticancer effects of ME, still more work is needed to corroborate these findings.

In this research, agro-morphological variation among twenty genotypes of Mentha longifolia L. was assessed in 2 years based on agricultural production under water stress condition. The experiment was arranged in split–split-plot design with water stress treatment in two irrigation levels of 100% (as control) and 60% field capacity in three replications. The result of variance analysis indicated that there was a significant variation (P ≤ 0.01) in traits among the genotypes and in response to the water deficit condition. Different traits were measured such as plant height, yield, date of flowering, inflorescence length, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of leaf, essential oil content, and essential oil yield. Results showed that traits such as yield and essential oil yield had considerable variation, varying from 374.17 to 899.33 g m−2 and 17.7–391.6 kg ha−1 on the analysis in response to water stress condition, respectively. Cluster analysis using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means grouped the studied twenty genotypes into two major clusters based on agro-morphological traits which all the studied genotypes were known as yield ecotype. Five genotypes including Hormozagan, Khuzestan, Kerman-1, West Azarbaijan, and Ghazvin had the most significant biomass and essential oil performance and resistance under water stress condition that can be introduced for domestication breeding programs and cultivation.

Introduction Mint is used as a herbal tea, in food additives, and as a traditional medicine all around the world. They are popular functional foods and natural remedies. A comprehensive bioactivity evaluation was performed on wild mint essential oil to shed light on its health beneficial effects and therapeutic potential as a very popular herb. Methods The chemical composition of essential oil of wild mint (Mentha longifolia var. calliantha (Stapf) Briq.) was determined together with its antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential linked to Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and skin disorders. Six different methods were employed to examine antioxidant ability, including; DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, metal chelating, and Molybdenum total antioxidant assays. Results Findings showed that 1,8-cineol (33.5%), linalool (15.1%), menthone (12.9%), and trans-piperitone oxide (12.6%) are the main volatile compounds of the plant. The essential oil exhibited promising antiradical activity (5.8 and 9.1 mmol TEs/g oil in DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively) and reducing power (102 and 337 mmol TEs/g oil in FRAP and CUPRAC assays, respectively). Moreover, remarkable antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, and antityrosinase effects were recorded for the mint oil. Conclusion Wild mint essential oil has valuable bioactive constituents and great potential for uses in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceuticals industries.

Natural biostimulants combine different elicitors that may influence economic properties of herbal crops, such as mint. Mint (Mentha longifolia L.) plants were subjected to three water levels based on container substrate capacity (CSC, 100% CSC, 70% CSC, and 50% CSC) and/or applications of four biostimulants (CRADLE&trade, Mobilizer&trade, Nanozim De&rsquo, Lite&trade, [ND], and Nanozim NXT&trade, [NN]). ND and NN exhibited higher vegetative growth and root dry weight than the control (without biostimulants) and other treatments. NN produced the highest fresh and dry mint yields under all water levels. Irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE) of NN was highest (2.78 kg m-3) with 70% CSC, whereas the control produced the lowest IWUE (1.85 kg m-3) with 100% CSC. Biostimulants boosted physiological and metabolic responses, including gas exchange, leaf water potential, relative water content, and proline accumulation of stressed plants. NN treatment with 70% CSC had the highest essential oil (EO) ratio (3.35%). Under 70% and 50% CSC with NN treatment, the proportion of 1,8-cineol increased and that of pulegone decreased in EOs. Increased antioxidant activities, reduced H2O2 levels, and increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were observed. Applications of ND and NN during water stress conditions increased economic and medicinal properties of mint EOs with applications in the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries.

Begomoviruses are whiteflies transmitted virus causing serious disease in many important plants exhibiting variable symptoms with significant economic loss globally. Mentha is an important crop being grown here in Saudi Arabia for various purposes. The begomovirus associated disease was observed on Mentha crops during field survey which were growing near to tomato field. There is no published report available about the association of begomovirus on Mentha from this region. So, this work was conducted to identify the causative agent associated with yellow vein mosaic disease. Naturally infected samples were collected from various locations and causative agent was identified by PCR using begomovirus specific primers and further cloned and sequenced bidirectionally. The full genome had total 2785 nucleotides while betasatellite molecule had 1365 nucleotides. Based on full-genome sequence analysis, the identity matrix and phylogenetic analysis showed the highest identity (99.6%) with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) reported from tomato in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The identified begomovirus was observed as isolate of TYLCV.

The aims of the current study were to encapsulate Mentha longifolia L. essential oil (MEO; 0.5, 1, and 2%) into carboxymethyl cellulose-gelatin (CMC-GE) nanofibers via electrospinning and to evaluate the effects of fabricated nanofibrous films on improving the shelf-life of peeled freshwater prawns during refrigerated storage for 14 days. CMC-GE-MEO 0.5%, CMC-GE-MEO 1%, and CMC-GE-MEO 2% nanofibrous films showed significantly lower force (21.74–25.33 N), tensile strength (6.52–8.56 MPa), water vapor permeability (7.25-9.34 × 10‾4 g mm/m2 h Pa), and swelling index (20.14–27.45%) compared to the neat CMC-GE (p

Objective: To investigate the chemical composition, in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of Mentha longifolia L. essential oils using aqueous extract. Methods: Mentha longifolia L. essential oils were extracted using hydrodistillation with Clevenger apparatus for 3 h and the yield of the essential oil was calculated. Essential oils were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with gas chromatography and gas chromatographymass spectrometer. For these essential oils, antibacterial and antifungal activity against human pathogens were evaluated. Results: Nineteen chemical constituents representing 99.72% of the essential oil were found, comprising menthone (39.55%), isopulegone (30.49%), eucalyptol (10.38%), and α-terpineol (3.15%); these were major components, and others were minor components. The essential oil showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus [(35.24 ± 0.13) mm], Enterococcus faecalis [(32.12 ± 0.12) mm] and Bacillus cereus [(30.06 ± 0.04) mm], as well as antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus [(38.02 ± 0.06) mm], Alternaria alternaria [(35.26 ± 0.12) mm], and Penicillum spp [(34.14 ± 0.02) mm]. Conclusions: It seems that the essential oils derived from the Mentha longifolia L. species could be used as a natural source of antimicrobial agents.

Background: Microbial infections such as shigellosis are one of the major health challenges in Iran, especially in Khuzestan province in the south west of Iran. Objective: According to the importance of medicinal plants in the treatment of many infectious diseases, and as a valuable alternative for antibiotics, the aim of this research was to assess the antibacterial and drug synergistic activities of the essential oil from Mentha longifolia, a local plant, against Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei as the main causes of shigellosis. Materials and Methods: The M. longifolia essential oil was extracted from the leaves. The antibacterial activities of the essential oil against clinical and standard S. flexneri and S. sonnei strains were detected by the disk diffusion and micro-broth dilution methods. Results: The essential oil of M. longifolia had the most significant antibacterial activity against the clinical strain of S. flexneri. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1024 with a concentration of 0.8 mg/mL of essential oil was detected in both the standard and clinical S. flexneri and S. sonnei strains. The essential oil of M. longifolia showed the highest synergistic effect on gentamicin and ampicillin in the clinical isolates of S. flexneri. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the essential oil of M. longifolia alone or in combination with antimicrobial agents may be useful in the treatment of bacterial infections. In addition, M. longifolia may increase the effect of antibiotics and resolve other antibiotic resistance problems.

Background: Mentha longifolia is one of the aromatic medicinal plant belongs to Lamiaceae family. There are some active ingredients in the essential oil of M. longifolia, which potentially could impair the hepatic function. The aim of this study was to find the maximum dose of essential oil of M. longifolia (EOML) that does not show any hepatic deterioration. Methods: Adult Wistar rats fed different doses of EOML as 50, 100, 200, 300, 400or 600 mg/kg, for two wk. After the completion of administration, the serum activity of ALT, AST, and ALPas the well-known liver toxicity enzymes and the serum total billirubine were measured, by spectrophotometer. The study was done at 2016 in Isfahan Pharmacy School, Isfahan, Iran. Results: Totally, 400 mg/kg of EOML significantly raised all of the evaluating factors compare to the control group. We found complete mortality in animals that received 600 mg/kg of EOML. Conclusion: The essential oil of M. longifolia is not entirely safe especially for the liver. Administration at the dose of 400 mg/kg leads to the hepatotoxic effect. The death occurred in the higher doses. The possible mechanisms for the EOML liver toxicity are triggering of oxidative stress or apoptosis by its ingredient like pulegone compound.

Background: Side effects of chemical preservatives and drug resistance have raised interests in the use of natural preservatives derived from plants. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine possible antibacterial effects of Mentha spicata L., Cuminum cyminum L. and Mentha longifolia L. essential oils (EOs) individually and in combination with sodium benzoate against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. Methods: In this experimental study, the EOs were obtained and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods were used for in vitro antibacterial screening in triplicate. Data analysis was performed by the SPSS software using ANOVA and independent sample t-test. Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between different antibacterial effects of EOs individually and in combination with sodium benzoate. Considering the individual effects of these factors, the antibacterial effect of sodium benzoate and Cuminum cyminum essential oil were the highest against E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes, respectively. These results are relatively consistent with the disc diffusion test. The antibacterial effects of sodium benzoate in combination with EOs showed significant differences in comparison to sodium benzoate effect individually in most situations (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicated that these EOs have a good antibacterial activity and combined with sodium benzoate could reduce the use of sodium benzoate as a chemical preservative in food, cosmetic, and drug products, which can decrease the possible side effects of it.

The impact of addition of powdered Spirulina platensis on the physicochemical properties and microbiological of cheese containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Mentha longifolia L. was studied during the refrigerated storage. Cheese starter cultures (1% w/v) and L. acidophilus (2% w/v) was inoculated to the milk together with M. longifolia L. (0.5 and 1% w/v) and S. platensis (0, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8% w/v). Produced cheeses were stored at 4C for 45 days and microbial, textural and nutritional aspects were analyzed. Practical Applications This study may have practical applications in the production of enriched cheese feta as a fermented products which needs to elongation of shelf life and enrichment (especially in critical condition). The result showed that adding the Spirulina platensis biomass significantly increased (P

In this study, the effect of six methods (sun-drying, shade-drying, oven-drying at 40oC, oven-drying at 80oC, microwave-drying at 600 and 1000 W) on essential oil (EO) content and composition of Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson was evaluated. EO samples were extracted using hydrodistillation and were analyzed by GC and GC-MS systems. The highest EO contents (w/w) were obtained by oven-drying at 40oC (0.94%), followed by the shade-drying (0.93%), microwave-drying at 600 W (0.83%), microwave-drying at 1000 W (0.77%), oven-drying at 80oC (0.72%) and sun-drying (0.63%). Thirty-five components were identified in EO samples of M. longifolia mostly consisted of oxygenated monoterpenes and hydrocarbons monoterpenes. The main components were pulegone (29.77-55.79%), piperitenone oxide (14.29-40.03%), carvacrol (5.28-12.08%), menthone (1.52-7.15%) and 1,8-cineol (0.62-4.79%); the drying methods showed marked impact on the ingredients of EO samples. The percentage of pulegone in EO was decreased as plant materi...

Inevitable side effects of chemical food preservatives and drug resistance have increased interests on use of natural preservatives derived from plants. Therefore, in the present paper, the biological properties of Mentha longifolia L. essential oil were studied. Chemical analysis (GC/MS) and antibacterial properties of the Mentha longifolia L. essential oil (EO) was under different temperature and pH values were evaluated with special reference to the mechanism of inhibition Listeria monocytogenes growth at ultra-structural level by TEM.

The genus Mentha, which belongs to the mint family (Lamiaceae). Essential oil yield and chemical components of two Mentha species including Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. and (Mentha spicata L.) collected from three ecotypes in Iran were investigated. The essential oils of samples were obtained by hydro-distillation, and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A significant difference (p < 0.05) in oil yields was obtained from the aerial parts of two Mentha species. The essential oil yields were obtained from the aerial of M. longifolia, 0.62, 0.85 and 1.24 ml / 100 g dry matter identified in Ardestan, Saman and Kuhrang province, respectively and the aerial of M. spicata, 0.49, 1.02 and 1.54 ml / 100 g dry matter identified in Ardestan, Saman and Kuhrang province, respectively. Results indicated significant differences (p < 0.01) among the aerial for the main constituents in the essential oil from two Mentha species. The major constituents of the essential oil from the aerial of M. longifolia collected from Ardestan province were pulegone (31.21%), 1,8-cineole (23.01%), sabinene (6.76%), the aerial of M. longifolia collected from Saman province were pulegone (31.06%), 1,8-cineole (24.34%), sabinene (7.45%) and the aerial of M. longifolia collected from Kuhrang province were pulegone (36.42%) and 1,8-cineole (29.49%). The major constituents of the essential oil from the aerial of M. spicata collected from Ardestan province were 1,8-cineole (35.28%), carvone (30.71%), the aerial of M. spicata collected from Saman province were carvone (35.37%), 1,8-cineole (24.35%), pulegone (18.67%) and the aerial of M. spicata collected from Kuhrang province were carvone (41.51%), 1,8-cineole (25.95%). Generally, a comparison of our results with the previous reports suggests differences in the essential oil compositions and oil yield of the plant material could be attributed to genetic diversity in two Menthe species.

Background: Most of the population in the different areas of world is affected by bacterial infections responsible for dental caries. Due to the importance of traditional medicines derived from herbs used for dental problems, this study investigated in vitro antibacterial activity of Mentha longifolia essential oil from Ardabil, Iran, on Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces viscosus, bacteria that cause tooth decay. Materials and Methods: The volatile oil of Mentha longifolia leaves was extracted by hydrodistilla tion method using a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC/MS system.The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disk diffusion susceptibility in dilutions of 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000�� g/�� l and broth macrodilution test methods. Results: The oil was particularly rich in Pulegone (31.78%), 1,8-cineole (15.99%), menthoforan (11.25%), cis-isopulegon (10.5%) and paramenth-3-n-8-l (6.85%). The medicinal plant essential oil could prevent the growth of the bacteria, and the rates of MIC and MBC of native pennyroyal essential oil on Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces viscosus were 110, 165, 80, 120, 450 and 650�� g/�� l, respectively. The maximum inhibition zone diameter was about 12.2, 27.2 and 4.8 mm, for Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces viscosus respectively, at the concentration of 500��J�� l -1 . Conclusion: In this work, the essential oil of medicinal plant containing effective ingredients could prevent the growth of bacteria and may be used as an affordable and available source for medicinal purposes.

The plants of the genus Mentha are widely used in cooking, cosmetics and popular medicine. The present work analyzes the chemical composition of the essential oils of several Mentha species, and evaluates some functional properties such as antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antifungal, to corroborate their medicinal use. The oils obtained by hydrodistillation showed higher levels of the monoterpenes limonene, isomenthone, menthol, menthofuran, d -neoisomenthol, 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), d -carvone, linalool, linalyl acetate, piperitenone oxide and pulegone. The essential oil of Mentha longifolia (Himalayan silver mint) stood out for its antioxidant activity with IC 50 of 0.86 ± 0.01 mg/mL by the DPPH method and 0.64 ± 0.02 mg/mL by the method of β-carotene/linoleic acid system. Mentha piperita oils (chocolate mint) and Mentha spicata (menthol mint) showed good inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, with enzyme inhibition zones of 1.0 cm and 0.9 cm, respectively. The antifungal activity of Mentha essential oils showed moderate activity against Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis , and the oil of M. spicata (Ciudad del Leste mint) showed MIC and MFC near to the control. The major components of the essential oils could be responsible for evaluated activities, which are associated with the medicinal properties reported for Mentha species.

Regardless of the well-known antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of essential oils, requirement of their large doses is the major bottleneck in using them as food preservatives. In the present study, possible synergistic interactions on antioxidant and antibacterial capacity of essential oils from six selected medicinal plants namely Callistemon lanceolatus (Sm.) Sweet, Ocimum gratissimum L., Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor. (Citronella java), Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W. Watson, Mentha longifolia (L.) L., and Vitex negundo L., in combination as well as with synthetic antioxidant and antibiotics were evaluated. Antibacterial synergistic effect was determined against three Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria using broth dilution method. Antioxidant combination effect was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The types of interactions in different binary combinations were determined by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICI). Synergistic interactions were observed between essential oil combinations showing enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Further it was observed that essential oils not only enhanced the antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy of synthetic compounds but also resulted in significant reduction of their active doses due to synergy.

Представлены результаты изучения влияния условий произрастания и времени уборки мяты длиннолистной (Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds) на урожайность, количественное содержание эфирного масла, его химический состав и соотношение в нем отдельных компонентов. Установлено, что в составе эфирного масла мяты длиннолистной (Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds) преобладают два компонента: линалоол и линалилацетат., The paper presents the results of the study of the influence of the growing conditions and harvesting time of the horsemint (Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds) on the yields, quantitative content of the essential oils, its chemical composition and proportion of the selected components. It has been established, that there are two major constituents in the composition of the essential oils of the horsemint (Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds): linalool and linalyl acetate., №5 (2018)

This research was performed to control the antioxidant activity, mutagenicity and antimutagenic effect of Mentha longifolia (L.) ssp. longifolia essential oil (EO), which is considered as a possible ingredient when producing healthy food. The antiradical activity was established using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) and β -carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assays. The total phenolic content in the EO was evaluated by Folin Ciocalteau method (FCR). Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay was applied todetect possible mutagenic and antimutagenic behavior. Our observations reveal that the IC 50 value for DPPH radicals was 5.27 ± 0.13 mg/mL. The total antioxidant efficiency increased with an increase in the concentration of the EO, and IC 50 value 11.7 ± 0.21 mg/mL. The total of phenolics was 186 ± 8.9 mg/g gallic acid equivalent/EO. Also, any concentrations of the EO used did not show mutagenic action but exhibited strong antimutagenic effects at 10.0-4.0 µg/plate concentrations. This research proposes that because of the antioxidant and antimutagenic characteristics, the EO is very advantageous and significant to the company’s manufacturing food additives.

This research assessed the seasonal variation of the chemical composition and antibacterial and anticholinesterase activities of essential oils extracted from M. longifolia leaves. The leaves organic fractions were also investigated for their biological activities and pharmacological functions. The essential oil highest yield was recorded in the spring season. Pulegone (26.92%), 1.8 cineole (21.3 %), and L-menthone (10.66 %) were determined as its major compounds in the winter season. In the spring oil, the main components were pulegone (38.2 %) and oleic and palmitic acids (23.79 % and 15. 26 %, respectively). Oxygenated monoterpenes were predominant in the two analyzed samples. The tested oils and organic extracts exhibited promising antibacterial effects against all of the tested bacterial strains. Thanks to its richness in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, the ethyl acetate fraction (Ml EtOAcF) displayed the most active DPPH scavenging ability (IC50 =12.64 μg/ml) and an interesting β-carotene bleaching inhibition (IC50 =34.75 μg/ml) making it a potential candidate for anti-inflammatory evaluation on rats. This evaluation evidenced that M. longifolia pretreated rats showed a marked decrease in paw oedema and inflammatory cells. Additionally, a remarkable acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the Ml EtOAcF (IC50 = 12.3μg/ml) and essential oils were also observed suggesting their neuroprotective property against Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, it was found that its activity level was season dependent. Our investigation, therefore, clearly revealed the medicinal characteristics of M. longifolia leave indicating their potential uses for natural remedies.

Mentha longifolia (L.) L. (family: Lamiaceae), commonly known as wild mint, is an extremely variable perennial and strong aromatic herb. The hydrodistilled essential oil of M. longifolia population growing wildly in high altitudes of Western-Himalayan region was analyzed using gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of fifty-five constituents, forming 97.5 % of the total oil composition were identified. The oil was characterised by high amount of oxygenated monoterpenes (74.0 %) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (18.0 %). The characteristic constituents of the oil were trans- piperitone epoxide (48.7 %), piperitenone oxide (21.2 %), germacrene D (9.8 %), (E)-caryophyllene (2.3 %), 2- hydroxy piperitone (1.6 %), α-humulene (1.5 %), thymol (1.4 %), and α-longipinene (1.0 %). The essential oil composition of the presently studied M. longifolia population differed considerably, especially in trans-piperitone epoxide content with earlier reports fro...

Effect of sodium alginate coating enriched with horsemint essential oil (HEO) on the quality of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) fillets at refrigeration temperature (4 ± 1°C) was studied. Bighead carp fillets were coated with neat sodium alginate (SA) and sodium alginate containing 0.5 and 1% v/v of HEO and their quality changes in terms of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and microbial counts were investigated. SA coating enriched with the essential oil could reduce the spoilage of the fillets and extend their shelf‐life. Samples treated with SA‐containing HEO showed significantly (P

International audience; In urban agriculture, plant growth is limited by the availability of light. Light emitting diodes (LED) could provide specific quality and quantity of light overcoming existing limitations for normal plant growth. However, there have been very few investigations on the applications of LED in incubators and plant growth chambers. The devices fabricated in this study, were lighted with 100 % red, 100 % blue, 70 % red plus 30 % blue, or 100 % white LED. We cultivated Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata and Mentha longifolia, lentil, basil, and four ornamentals to test the effect of various LED lights on plants productivity compared with field and greenhouse conditions. Our results show that 70/30 % red-blue LED light increased Mentha essential oil yield up to four times along with increases in plant photosynthesis and fresh weight compared with field condition. The red-blue LED incubator also led to a better growth of lentil and basil and to higher flower buds and less days to flowering for pot flowers versus greenhouse conditions. Our findings demonstrate that LED could improve economic characteristics of plant species by probably stimulating plant metabolism.

Aims: This study was designed to investigate the chemical composition (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [GC-MS]) and antibacterial (Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria) activities of essential oils extracted from aerialparts of two medicinal plants,Mentha longifoliaL. andRosmarinus officinalis ,byMIC and MBC assays. Place and Duration of Study:Institute of Agricultur e, Deputyof Research and Executive, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan& Blochestan province, Iran,2013May to2013 October. Methodology: The aerial parts ofMentha longifoliaL. andRosmarinus officinaliswere collected during their flowering stage. Collected plant samples were air dried in shade and under room temperature conditions. 50 g of dried plants were crushed into smaller pieces

Due to flavoring and antioxidant characteristics of herbs and essential oils in addition to their vital role in preservation of foods, applying these antimicrobial compounds has met a growing interest in food industrial and related sciences. In addition, probiotic products highly affect the health of consumers by reducing risk of heart attacks and improving micro flora in intestinal tract. In this study, Ayran samples treated with Mentha longifolia L. essential oil (EO) (50, 100, 200 and 300 ppm) and Lactobacillus casei (108-109 cfu/ ml) were stored to 15 days at 4°C. The physicochemical qualities and acceptability of Ayran samples were analyzed at 5-day interval during storage. Also Viability of L. casei during the storage of Ayran at 4°C at different time intervals was investigated. The results indicated that the gradual increase in acidity was observed, whereas a decline in pH and total solid (TS) contents was noted in all the samples (P

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Cupressus arizonica Greene, Juniperus communis L. and Mentha longifolia L. were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The chemical composition of the essential oils were identified by GC/MS. Eicosane (27.4%), umbellulone (13%) and α-pinene (10.51%) were the major components of C. arizonica oil; sabinene (32%), limonene (26%) and bornyl acetate (7.4%) were the major components of J. communis oil and pulegone (26%), L -menthone (13.4%) and cis -para-menthan-3,8-diol (10.2%) were the major components of M. longifolia oil. The percentage of monoterpenes in the three essential oils was compared. The percentage of monoterpenes in C.arizonica is about 5.2%, J. communis 46%, and M. longifolia is 50.1%. The percentage of terpenes in C. Arizonica (16.3%), J. communis (5.2%) and M. longifolia (9.3%) were reported. But the percentage of cyclic monoterpenes in C. arizonica is about 6%, J. communis 26.1%, and M. longifolia is 3%. Monoterpenes are the most components that make up essential oils. KEY WORDS : Cupressus arizonica , Juniperus communis , Mentha longifolia , Essential oil, Chemical composition Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2019 , 33(3), 389-400. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v33i3.1

Mentha longifolia L. is one of the most important aromatic and perennial herbs of the Lamiaceae family, having potential sources of essential oils and compounds with interesting pharmacological and therapeutic properties. In this study, the variability of morphological parameters, essential oil composition, and phenolic compounds such as rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid content were assessed among twenty different accessions of Iranian horsemint at full flowering stage. The average of essential oil content illustrated a high variability, ranging from 0.38% to 4.33% (w/w), and the phytomass amounts varied from 471.5 g/m2 to 860.66 g/m2. Also, the clustering of morphological traits of the studied accessions generated two main groups. The characterization of the essential oils by GC-MS/FID analyses revealed a total of forty-two constituents in the horsemint accessions. Although all the accessions were classified as oxygenated monoterpenes-rich volatile oils (42.38–94.7%), they were divided into seven main chemotypes by cluster and principal component analysis (PCA). The major constituents in the essential oil of the twenty accessions were piperitenone oxide (0.27–75.39%) > pulegone (0.17–69.49%) > trans-piperitone epoxide (0.3–54.39%) > menthone (0.5–48.12%) > 1,8-cineole (1.27–44.7%) > piperitenone (0.35–36.71%) > (Z)-β-ocimene (14.11–21.27%) > menthol (0.13–20.98%), respectively. The rosmarinic acid content of the methanolic extracts using HPLC analysis showed significant quantitative variability, ranging from 36.95 mg/100 g to 302.97 mg/100 g (based on the dry matter). Since all the accessions were subjected to similar soil and climate conditions, it was evident the priority of genetic effects on ecological factors. The high intraspecific variability in Iranian horsemint directs a holistic approach to gain novel and homogeneous genetic materials, required for the breeding programs and pharmaceutical industries.

Essential oils of medicinal and aromatic plants are important and promissing to manage the nematological problems in agriculture. In this study, five of the plants including Origanum onites , Salvia officinalis , Lippia citriodora , Mentha spicata and Mentha longifolia for egg hatching inhibition and four of the plants including Mentha piperita , Foeniculum vulgare , Coriandrum sativum and Ocimum basilicum for juvenile mortality were tested on Meloidogyne hapla under laboratory conditions. The oils were achieved by using water distillation method with a Clevenger apparatus. As the results of egg hatching trial, the highest egg hatching inhibition rate was found as 54% for O. onites. In addition, the other inhibition rates varied as 31.4%, 21.6%, 23.8%, 25.7% for the other plants, S. officinalis , M. longifolia , M. spicata and L. citriodora , respectively. Essential oil of each plant components were determined by gas chromatography (GC). Carvacrol was found as the main component (68.8%) of O. onites followed by Thujone 27.7% for S. officinalis , I-Menthone 76.9% for M. longifolia , Carvone 27.1% for M. spicata and Citral 19.3% for L. citriodora . For the juveile mortality, Mentha piperita showed the highest mortality rate as 93.2% and was followed by F. vulgare 72.9%, C. sativum 69.3% and O. basilicum 64.9%. The main component of the used plants were Carvone 39.3%, Anethole 40.2%, Linalool 81.3% and Linalool 54.6%, respectively. Keywords: Essential oil, Medicinal and aromatic plants, Meloidogyne hapla

The aim of this work was to investigate Phytochemical componenet and antibacterial prosperities of six essential oil, against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, for a potential use in food industry. Antibacterial activity (MIC & MBC) of the EOs was investigated on foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) at different temperature and pH values. Results of GC-MS analysis indicated that pulegone, cumin aldehyde, carvacrol, diallyl disulphide and benzene comprised the highest amount of EOs in Mentha Longifolia L., Cuminum cyminum L., Zataria Multiflora Bioss., Allium ascalonicum L. and Pimpinella anisum L.; respectively. Z. Multiflora Bioss. Essential oil compared to other essential oils had the highest antimicrobial activity (P

This study investigated the natural variation of arbuscular mycorrhizal associations and variation in morpho-phenological characteristics and essential oil content of 40 accessions of Mentha species including Mentha spicata L., Mentha piperita L. and Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson collected from 13 provinces of Iran. The colonization by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) was naturally found in 38 accessions ranged from 1.4 to 71.8% of infection. There was a significant variation between and within species in terms of essential oil content differing from 0.30 to 3.33% beyond the previously reported range. Accessions collected from colder climate conditions exhibited significantly higher oil content than those from warmer conditions. M. longifolia had significantly higher oil content than the other two species. A high variation in fresh weight and leaf water content was also observed and higher mean values were obtained in accessions of M. piperita and M. longifolia, respectively. A dendrogram generated using the UPGMA algorithm classified the 40 accessions into four distinctive groups based on the species and discriminating characteristics. The high variability in naturally mycorrhizal infection, essential oil content and morpho-phenological characteristics suggests the possibility of improving mint accessions for horticultural and medicinal uses through selection in breeding programs.

Introduction: Present study describes the antimicrobial activity and free radical scavenging capacity (RSC) of essential oil from Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. Aim of this study to investigate the quality, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of wild species Mentha longifolia essential oil from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: The chemical profi le of essential oil was evaluated by the means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Antimicrobial activity was tested against 6 bacterial strains. RSC was assessed by measuring the scavenging activity of essential oils on 2,2- diphenyl1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH). Results: The main constituents of the essential oil of M. longifoliae folium were oxygenated monoterpenes, piperitone oxide (63.58%) and 1,8-cineole (12.03%). Essential oil exhibited very strong antibacterial activity. The most important antibacterial activity essential oil was expressed on Gram negative strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerginosa and Salmonella enterica. subsp.enterica serotype ABONY. Antioxidant activity was evaluated as a RSC. Investigated essential oil was able to reduce DPPH radicals into the neutral DPPHH form (IC 50 =10.5 μg/ml) and this activity was dose –dependent. Conclusion: The study revealed signifi cant antimicrobial activity of the investigated essential oil. The examined oil exhibited high RSC, which was found to be in correlation to the content of mainly monoterpene ketones and aldehydes. These results indicate that essential oils could serve as safe antioxidant and antiseptic supplements in pharmaceuticals. © 2012 All rights reserved

Background: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common gastrointestinal disease that has various treatments, including medicinal plants. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of Mentha longifolia on relieving the symptoms and improving the quality of life (QOL) in patients with functional dyspepsia from the subgroup of postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). Patients and Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in a gastroenterology clinic affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. One hundred patients diagnosed with PDS according to the ROME III criteria were assigned to two groups: the M. longifolia capsules (three times daily for four weeks) group and the placebo group. Tools for gathering data were the FD severity scale and QOL (Persian version of the SF-36 questionnaire). Assessments of FD symptoms were obtained at baseline and also at the end of weeks 2, 4, and 12. QOL was evaluated at baseline and at the end of week 12. Results: At the end of treatment period, the M. longifolia group reported a more significant improvement in the mean severity scales of FD symptoms than the placebo group (P < 0.001). A significant difference was also observed between FD symptoms and severity scores in the two groups eight weeks after the medication was stopped. At the end of the fourth week, the greatest degrees of relief regarding epigastric bloating (70.5% vs. 21.4%, P < 0.001), epigastric fullness (68.2% vs. 31%, P < 0.001), loss of appetite (34.1% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.014) and early satiety (36.3% vs. 21.4%, P = 0.02) were observed ‎in the control group. With M. longifolia, significant improvement in the scores of QOL was observed for the dimensions of general health, role-physical, social functioning, bodily pain, vitality, and mental health. Conclusions: This study showed the efficacy of M. longifolia in relieving PDS symptoms and improving the QOL of patients with PDS.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Mentha longifolia L (Wild Mint or Habak) (ML) is used in traditional medicine in treatment of many gastrointestinal disorders. Aim of the study This study aimed to evaluate potential protecting effect of ML and its major constituent, eucalyptol, against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats, a model of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Materials and methods Rats were divided into ten groups (n=8) given orally for three days (mg/kg/day) the following: normal control, acetic acid-induced colitis (un-treated, positive control), vehicle (DMSO), sulfasalazine (500), ML extract (100, 500, 1000), and eucalyptol (100, 200, 400). After 24 h-fasting, two ML of acetic acid (3%) was administered intrarectally. On the fifth day, serum and colonic biochemical markers, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Results Colitis significantly increased colonic myeloperoxidase activity and malonaldehyde level, and serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and malonaldehyde levels while significantly decreased colonic and serum glutathione levels. All treatments (except ML 100, ML 1000, and eucalyptol 100) significantly reversed these changes where eucalyptol (400) showed the highest activity in a dose-dependent manner. The colitis-induced histopathological changes were mild in sulfasalazine and eucalyptol 400 groups, moderate in ML 500 and eucalyptol 200 groups, and severe in ML 100, ML 1000, and eucalyptol 100 groups nearly similar to colitis-untreated rats. Conclusion ML (in moderate doses) and eucalyptol (dose-dependently) exerted protective effects against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats possibly through antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties suggesting a potential benefit in treatments of IBD. To our knowledge this is the first report addressing this point.