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1. Ultrafast Thermal Melting in Nonequilibrium Warm Dense Copper

Author: N. Jourdain, V. Recoules, P. Renaudin, Fabien Dorchies, L. Lecherbourg, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Phase transition, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Copper, Molecular physics, law.invention, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Femtosecond, 010306 general physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Ultrashort pulse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The ultrafast dynamics of the loss of crystalline periodicity is investigated in femtosecond laser heated warm dense copper, by the original use of x-ray absorption near-edge specific structures just above the $L3$ edge. The characteristic time is observed near 1 ps, for specific energy density ranging from 1 to $5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MJ}/\mathrm{kg}$, using ps-resolution x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The overall experimental data are well reproduced with two-temperature hydrodynamic simulations, supporting a thermal phase transition.
Published: 2021
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2. Proof-of-concept Talbot-Lau x-ray interferometry with a high-intensity, high-repetition-rate, laser-driven K-alpha source

Author: V. Bouffetier, M. P. Valdivia, T. Goudal, Luke Ceurvorst, Sebastien Hulin, Fabien Dorchies, Alexis Casner, Dan Stutman, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, business.industry, Phase (waves), Grating, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, 010309 optics, Interferometry, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Phase retrieval, Biological imaging, business, Engineering (miscellaneous), Image resolution, Refractive index
Abstract: Talbot–Lau x-ray interferometry is a grating-based phase-contrast technique, which enables measurement of refractive index changes in matter with micrometric spatial resolution. The technique has been established using a variety of hard x-ray sources, including synchrotron, free-electron lasers, and x-ray tubes, and could be used in the optical range for low-density plasmas. The tremendous development of table-top high-power lasers makes the use of high-intensity, laser-driven K-alpha sources appealing for Talbot–Lau interferometer applications in both high-energy-density plasma experiments and biological imaging. To this end, we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, feasibility study of Talbot–Lau phase-contrast imaging using a high-repetition-rate laser of moderate energy (100 mJ at a repetition rate of 10 Hz) to irradiate a copper backlighter foil. The results from up to 900 laser pulses were integrated to form interferometric images. A constant fringe contrast of 20% is demonstrated over 100 accumulations, while the signal-to-noise ratio continued to increase with the number of shots. Phase retrieval is demonstrated without prior ex-situ phase stepping. Instead, correlation matrices are used to compensate for the displacement between reference acquisition and the probing of a PMMA target rod. The steps for improved measurements with more energetic laser systems are discussed. The final results are in good agreement with the theoretically predicted outcomes, demonstrating the applicability of this diagnostic to a range of laser facilities for use across several disciplines.
Published: 2020
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3. Generation of a large compressive strain wave in graphite by ultrashort-pulse laser irradiation

Author: Martin Nors Pedersen, A. Jurgilaitis, Xiaocui Wang, Jörgen Larsson, Michael Wulff, Amélie Jarnac, Henrik Enquist, Fabien Dorchies, Chien Ming Tu, J. C. Ekström, U.J. Bengtsson, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Diffraction, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Stress (mechanics), Crystal, law, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QD901-999, Graphite, Composite material, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Materials, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ultrashort pulse laser, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Radiation, Laser ablation, Articles, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Pulse (physics), lcsh:Crystallography, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: We have studied strain wave generation in graphite induced by an intense ultrashort laser pulse. The study was performed in the intensity regime above the ablation threshold of graphite. The aim was to maximize the strain and, thus, also the internal pressure (stress). Laser pulses with a 1 ps temporal duration melt the surface of graphite resulting in a molten material which initially exists at the solid density. As the molten material expands, a compressive strain wave starts propagating into the crystal below the molten layer. The strain pulse was studied with time-resolved X-ray diffraction. At a temporal delay of 100 ps after laser excitation, we observed >10% compressive strain, which corresponds to a pressure of 7.2 GPa. This strain could be reproduced by hydrodynamic simulations, which also provided a temperature map as a function of time and depth.
Published: 2019
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4. Probing warm dense matter using femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy with a laser-produced betatron source

Author: Benoît Mahieu, L. Lecherbourg, Agustin Lifschitz, P. Renaudin, Jean-Philippe Goddet, K. Ta Phuoc, Fabien Dorchies, N. Jourdain, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-13-BS04-0002,FEMTOMAT,Etude femtoseconde rayons X et optique de la dynamique ultrarapide de photocommutation de matériaux moléculaires magnétiques(2013), European Project: 339128,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-ADG,X-FIVE(2014), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Optics, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, SPIN-CROSSOVER DYNAMICS, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, FREE-ELECTRON LASER, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, GOLD, lcsh:Science, 010306 general physics, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Multidisciplinary, [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], Free-electron laser, General Chemistry, Warm dense matter, Betatron, Laser, Femtosecond, Physics::Accelerator Physics, lcsh:Q, Atomic physics, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract: Exploring and understanding ultrafast processes at the atomic level is a scientific challenge. Femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) arises as an essential experimental probing method, as it can simultaneously reveal both electronic and atomic structures, and thus potentially unravel their nonequilibrium dynamic interplay which is at the origin of most of the ultrafast mechanisms. However, despite considerable efforts, there is still no femtosecond X-ray source suitable for routine experiments. Here we show that betatron radiation from relativistic laser−plasma interaction combines ideal features for femtosecond XAS. It has been used to investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of a copper sample brought at extreme conditions of temperature and pressure by a femtosecond laser pulse. We measured a rise-time of the electron temperature below 100 fs. This experiment demonstrates the great potential of the table-top betatron source which makes possible the investigation of unexplored ultrafast processes in manifold fields of research., Understanding the ultrafast dynamics of materials under extreme conditions is challenging. Here the authors use a femtosecond betatron X-ray source to investigate the solid to dense plasma phase transition in copper using XAS with unprecedented time resolution.
Published: 2018
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5. Ultrafast changes in optical properties of SiO2 excited by femtosecond laser at the damage threshold and above

Author: M.-C. Nadeau, Stéphane Petit, B. Chimier, C. Fourment, F. Deneuville, Fabien Dorchies, Dominique Descamps, Guillaume Duchateau, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Optoelectronics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ultrashort pulse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018
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6. Comparisons of x-ray sources generated from subpicosecond laser-plasma interaction on clusters and on solid targets

Author: P. Renaudin, L. Lecherbourg, N. Jourdain, Fabien Dorchies, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], X-ray, Plasma, 010306 general physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018
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7. Polycapillary lenses for Soft-X-ray transmission: Model, comparison with experiments and potential application for tomographic measurements in tokamaks

Author: Quentin Abadie, D. Mazon, S.B. Dabagov, L. Lecherbourg, A. Mollard, P. Malard, and Fabien Dorchies
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Tokamak, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Plasma, Tore Supra, law.invention, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Electromagnetic shielding, Neutron, business, Instrumentation, Plasma stability
Abstract: In tokamaks, plasma emits as a volumetric Soft-X-ray (SXR) source. Emitted X-rays can give very useful information about plasma stability, shape and impurity content. Measuring the Soft X-ray (SXR) radiation ([0.1–20 keV]) of magnetic fusion plasmas is a standard way of accessing valuable information on particle transport and MagnetoHydroDynamic. Generally, like at Tore Supra in France, the analysis is performed with a 2D tomographic system composed of several cameras equipped with detectors like Silicon Barrier Diodes spread in periphery of the tokamak. Unfortunately, the strong constraints imposed by the environment of a tokamak reactor (high neutron fluxes, gamma and hard X-ray emission, high magnetic field and high radiofrequency powers) do not authorize to install in a close vicinity of the machine such detectors. We have thus investigated the possibility of using polycapillary lenses to transport the SXR information to several meters from the plasma, not necessarily in a straight line. The idea is to protect the SXR detector from the entire environment by a proper shielding. Different polycapillary lenses could be used for that purpose and have been tested in collaboration with CELIA (CEA–CNRS) of Bordeaux. Transmission of the order of 20% where observed for the low energetic part of the spectrum (down to 3 keV) while still 10% were observed for the remaining part (from 3 to 10 keV). In parallel a model of polycapillary transmission has been developed and validated against experiment. Results are presented confirming the great potential of polycapillary lenses for SXR transmission in tokamak plasma. Studies of the influence of geometrical parameters like diameter and curvature of the channels, on the photons transmission is also presented.
Published: 2015
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8. Stable, polarized betatron radiation: x-ray absorption spectroscopy in WDM unveiling ultrafast electron heating (Conference Presentation)

Author: Victor Malka, Antoine Doche, Agustin Lifschitz, E. Guillaume, Fabien Dorchies, Noemie Jourdain, Kim Ta Phuoc, Ludovic Lecherbourg, Julien Gautier, Benoît Mahieu, Andreas Doepp, Sebastien Corde, Antoine Rousse, and Cédric Thaury
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron, Betatron, Polarization (waves), Laser, Synchrotron, law.invention, Optics, law, Femtosecond, Time-resolved spectroscopy, business, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract: Betatron radiation from laser-plasma accelerators reproduces the principle of a synchrotron on a millimeter scale, but featuring femtosecond duration. Here we present the outcome of our latest developments, which now allow us to produce stable and polarized X-ray bursts. Moreover, the X-ray polarization can simply be adjusted by tuning the polarization of the laser driving the process. The excellent stability of the source is expressed in terms of pointing, flux, transverse distribution and critical energy of the spectrum. These combined features make our betatron source particularly suitable for applications in ultrafast X-ray science. In this presentation we will describe the generation process, relying on the ionization injection scheme for laser-plasma acceleration. We will show experimental measurements, numerical results and first applications in time-resolved spectroscopy.
Published: 2017
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9. Polycapillary lenses for soft x-ray transmission in ITER : model, comparison with experiments, and potential application

Author: Fabien Dorchies, M. G. O'Mullane, A. Jardin, Michael Walsh, A. Sirinelli, C. Liegeard, Robin Barnsley, Didier Mazon, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Ecole Centrale Paris, ITER organization (ITER), Department of Physics [Glasgow], University of Strathclyde [Glasgow], Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Photon, Tokamak, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], X-ray detector, Radiation, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Instrumentation, QC, Physics, Geometrical optics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Detector, Plasma, Plasma diagnostics, business
Abstract: International audience; Measuring Soft X-Ray (SXR) radiation [0.1 keV; 15 keV] in tokamaks is a standard way of extracting valuable information on the particle transport and magnetohydrodynamic activity. Generally, the analysis is performed with detectors positioned close to the plasma for a direct line of sight. A burning plasma, like the ITER deuterium-tritium phase, is too harsh an environment to permit the use of such detectors in close vicinity of the machine. We have thus investigated in this article the possibility of using polycapillary lenses in ITER to transport the SXR information several meters away from the plasma in the complex port-plug geometry.
Published: 2016
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10. Importance of magnetic resistive fields in the heating of a micro-cone target irradiated by a high intensity laser

Author: J. Rassuchine, Alessio Morace, Julien Fuchs, R. Redaelli, P. Guillou, Fabien Dorchies, Laurent Gremillet, Yasuhiko Sentoku, J. J. Santos, Dimitri Batani, Takayoshi Norimatsu, Joshua J. Adams, Emmanuel d'Humières, M. Koenig, Christophe Rousseaux, Thomas E. Cowan, C. Fourment, Grant Korgan, Ryosuke Kodama, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Sophie Baton, and Steven Malekos
Subjects: Resistive touchscreen, Materials science, Opacity, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Laser, Magnetic field, law.invention, Ion, law, Deposition (phase transition), General Materials Science, Irradiation, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics
Abstract: Obtaining keV ion temperatures at solid density, i.e. “warm dense matter”, in the laboratory would be of great interest to measure opacity and equations of state of matter under extremes conditions. Here we report a new means to effectively confine the energetic electrons and localize the energy deposition to a small, more uniformly heated, volume at the tip of nanofabricated micro-cone targets. This is achieved with very high contrast laser irradiation, which interacts with the cone wall to generate strong (~10 MG) localized resistive magnetic fields within the target bulk. Temperatures of up to ~200 eV are observed, with an input laser energy of 10 J. This new means has been investigated both experimentally and with Particle-In-Cell simulations.
Published: 2009
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11. Table-top laser-plasma acceleration as an electron radiography source

Author: Fabien Dorchies, Nelson Lopes, Cristina Carias, A. E. Dangor, Stuart Mangles, Zulfikar Najmudin, B. Walton, Victor Malka, Karl Krushelnick, G. Mendes, M. Manclossi, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Fisica de Plasmas (GoLP), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Radiography, Electron, Ultrashort laser-plasma interaction, Table (information), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Spectrometer, business.industry, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Plasma acceleration, Electron acceleration, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electron radiography, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Energy (signal processing), Laser-plasma acceleration
Abstract: International audience; A “table-top” high power laser has been used to generate beams of accelerated electrons up to energy of 20 MeV from interactions with underdense plasmas. The energy spectrum of these beams was measured using a magnetic spectrometer and proof-of-principle experiments were performed to evaluate the suitability of these beams for electron radiography applications.
Published: 2006
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12. Ultrafast broadband laser plasma X-ray source for femtosecond time-resolved EXAFS

Author: Jean-Claude Kieffer, Patrick Forget, Olivier Peyrusse, and Fabien Dorchies
Subjects: Extended X-ray absorption fine structure, business.industry, Chemistry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Broadband, Femtosecond, Optoelectronics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010306 general physics, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Ultrashort pulse
Abstract: Key issues for the generation of broadband thermal X-ray spectrum using femtosecond laser-produced plasmas are discussed. Experiments realized at high intensity (3 × 10 18 W/cm 2 ) with INRS low and high repetition rate ultrafast laser systems show that intense broadband emission can be generated with a controlled spectrum suitable for backlighting and absorption experiments. The duration of this emission is a few times the laser pulse duration and high average X-ray power can be achieved. Sub-picosecond extended X-ray absorption fine structure experiments can now be designed with the suitable probing samples and geometry.
Published: 2004
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13. Caractérisation de jets d'agrégats d'argon pour l'étude de l'interaction laser-agrégats

Author: A. S. Boldarev, Vladimir A. Gasilov, Fabien Dorchies, T. Caillaud, C. Stenz, and F. Blasco
Subjects: Argon, Nozzle, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Conical surface, Radius, Laser, law.invention, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, symbols.namesake, Interferometry, chemistry, law, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, symbols, Supersonic speed, Rayleigh scattering, Atomic physics
Abstract: Argon clusters jets were produced at the output of supersonic nozzles and used as targets for intense laser - clusters interaction experiments. They were fully characterized combining two optical diagnostics (Mach-Zehnder interferometry and Rayleigh Scattering) with the support of a numerical simulation. This study was performed with Laval and conical nozzles. Homogeneous clusters size profiles were observed at the output of the conical nozzle. Clusters mean radius was measured in the range from 200 to 300 A, increasing with the input Argon pressure varying from 20 to 60 bars.
Published: 2003
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14. Characterization of argon cluster jets for laser interaction studies

Author: J. Stevefelt, C. Stenz, Fabien Dorchies, T. Caillaud, A. S. Boldarev, F. Blasco, Vladimir A. Gasilov, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Argon, Nozzle, Condensation, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Interferometry, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Cluster (physics), Rayleigh scattering, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Atomic clusters can be produced from rare gas, by spontaneous condensation during its expansion and cooling in a supersonic nozzle. When irradiated by intense laser pulses, these near-solid density clusters were observed to absorb a large fraction of the laser energy, leading to the production of highly charged ions. Based on this interaction regime, several international research groups have already demonstrated the ability to produce intense and highly repetitive X-ray and neutron sources without debris, with a relatively small experimental setup. In order to understand the different mechanisms involved in laser – cluster interaction, a complete characterization is needed for the target composed by clusters and surrounded by gas. We present a method based on two different optical diagnostics (Mach–Zehnder interferometry and Rayleigh scattering) and supported by a numerical simulation describing the gas expansion and cluster growth in the nozzle. The study was performed considering argon expanding in two types of nozzles: a Laval and a conical one. The experimental spatial profiles were observed to be in good agreement with the simulations, leading to spatial resolution of gas density, cluster size and cluster density.
Published: 2003
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15. Extra ion feature of Thomson scattered light in the interaction of a 600 ps laser with helium gas jet

Author: Fabien Dorchies, E. de Wispelaere, Ph. Mounaix, F. Amiranoff, Stefan Hüller, Victor Malka, A. Modena, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), and École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Electron density, Plasma parameters, Thomson scattering, chemistry.chemical_element, helium, plasma light propagation, Brillouin spectra, light scattering, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Light scattering, plasma waves, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, symbols.namesake, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Plasma Physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, backscatter, Rayleigh scattering, plasma production by laser, 010306 general physics, Helium, Physics, laser beam effects, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Wavelength, chemistry, symbols, PACS 52.50.Jm, 52.35.-g, 52.25.Os, 52.38.Bv, Atomic physics
Abstract: International audience; The interaction of a 600 ps laser pulse at 0.53 μm wavelength with helium gas jet with an electron density of 8×10^19 cm^−3 has been studied. In this experiment the plasma parameters for density and temperature were well-defined via time-resolved Thomson scattering. Ion Thomson scattering measurements at 45° show two extra satellites which correspond to the rescattering of the Brillouin backscattered light off the thermal ion acoustic waves. Analysis of the relative amplitudes of these satellites gives a very high value of 65% of the instantaneous reflectivity at its maximum. Theoretical spectra are in good agreement with the experimental ones.
Published: 2003
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16. X-ray absorption spectroscopy of iron at multimegabar pressures in laser shock experiments

Author: C. Fourment, Norimasa Ozaki, Jérôme Gaudin, Marion Harmand, Bob Nagler, Ryosuke Kodama, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Fabien Dorchies, Guillaume Morard, A. Denoeud, Yiping Feng, J. Bouchet, Stephane Mazevet, Kohei Miyanishi, Diling Zhu, R. Musella, Sven Toleikis, Tommaso Vinci, M. Koenig, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Alessandra Ravasio, François Guyot, Ulf Zastrau, H. J. Lee, V. Recoules, Eric Galtier, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, affiliation inconnue, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Photone Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], ANR-12-PDOC-0011,IronFEL,Le fer et ses alliages sous conditions extrèmes et sondés par diagnostiques X sur les installations FEL et lasers intenses(2012), ANR-12-BS04-0015,PlanetLab,Propriètés des planètes et des exoplanètes en laboratoire(2012), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Materials science, Free-electron laser, Diamond, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, XANES, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract: International audience; Taking advantage of the new opportunities provided by x-ray free electron laser (FEL) sources when coupled to a long laser pulse as available at the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS), we have performed x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) of laser shock compressed iron up to 420 GPa (±50) and 10 800 K (±1390). Visible diagnostics coupled with hydrodynamic simulations were used to infer the thermodynamical conditions along the Hugoniot and the release adiabat. A modification of the pre-edge feature at 7.12 keV in the XANES spectra is observed above pressures of 260 GPa along the Hugoniot. Comparing with ab initio calculations and with previous laser-heated diamond cell data, we propose that such changes in the XANES pre-edge could be a signature of molten iron. This interpretation then suggests that iron is molten at pressures and temperatures higher than 260 GPa (±29) and 5680 K (±700) along the principal Fe Hugoniot.
Published: 2015
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17. Experimental station for laser-based picosecond time-resolved x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy

Author: N. Fedorov, Fabien Dorchies, L. Lecherbourg, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, business.industry, Laser, XANES, law.invention, Optics, law, Picosecond, Vacuum chamber, Time-resolved spectroscopy, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Spectroscopy, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We present an experimental station designed for time-resolved X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy (XANES). It is based on ultrashort laser-plasma x-ray pulses generated from a table-top 100 mJ-class laser at 10 Hz repetition rate. A high transmission (10%-20%) x-ray beam line transport using polycapillary optics allows us to set the sample in an independent vacuum chamber, providing high flexibility over a wide spectral range from 0.5 up to 4 keV. Some XANES spectra are presented, demonstrating 1% noise level in only ∼1 mn and ∼100 cumulated laser shots. Time-resolved measurements are reported, indicating that the time resolution of the entire experimental station is 3.3 ± 0.6 ps rms.
Published: 2015

18. Towards simultaneous measurements of electronic and structural properties in ultra-fast x-ray free electron laser absorption spectroscopy experiments

Author: P. M. Leguay, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, B. I. Cho, Marion Harmand, C. Ozkan, Michael Störmer, K. Engelhorn, Hae Ja Lee, C. Fourment, Jérôme Gaudin, Bob Nagler, Sven Toleikis, Eric Galtier, Fabien Dorchies, Th. Tschentscher, Philip Heimann, Airbus Group Innovations [Suresnes], Airbus [France], Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Light, Electrons, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, law.invention, Absorption, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Molybdenum, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Multidisciplinary, Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, business.industry, Lasers, Free-electron laser, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, ddc:000, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract: International audience; The rapidly growing ultrafast science with X-ray lasers unveils atomic scale processes with unprecedented time resolution bringing the so called "molecular movie'' within reach. X-ray absorption spectroscopy is one of the most powerful x-ray techniques providing both local atomic order and electronic structure when coupled with ad-hoc theory. Collecting absorption spectra within few x-ray pulses is possible only in a dispersive setup. We demonstrate ultrafast time-resolved measurements of the LIII-edge x-ray absorption near-edge spectra of irreversibly laser excited Molybdenum using an average of only few x-ray pulses with a signal to noise ratio limited only by the saturation level of the detector. The simplicity of the experimental set-up makes this technique versatile and applicable for a wide range of pump-probe experiments, particularly in the case of non-reversible processes.
Published: 2014
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19. Ultrafast laser-based thermal X-ray sources

Author: Zhiming Jiang, P. Gallant, Ching Yuan Chien, Fabien Dorchies, Jean-Claude Kieffer, Patrick Forget, and H. Pepin
Subjects: Physics, Brightness, education.field_of_study, 010304 chemical physics, Population, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Femtosecond, Radiative transfer, Atomic physics, education, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract: The effects of hot electrons on the thermal radiative properties (brightness, duration and spectral shape) and dynamics of solid density plasmas, generated during the interaction of a femtosecond laser and a solid target, are assessed. Line and broadband thermal emissions with duration between 500 fs and 700 fs, have been successfully produced with peak power between 1 and 10 MW, when the fraction of laser energy in the hot electron population was less than 2%, and when the hot electron energy density at the target surface was less than 1 KJ / cm 2 .
Published: 2000
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20. Monomode Guiding of1016W/cm2Laser Pulses over 100 Rayleigh Lengths in Hollow Capillary Dielectric Tubes

Author: Brigitte Cros, S. Rebibo, J. P. Geindre, Jean-Raphael Marques, T. Velikoroussov, François Amiranoff, Patrick Audebert, G. Hamoniaux, Christian Courtois, G. Matthieussent, and Fabien Dorchies
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Capillary action, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Dielectric, Laser, Coupling (probability), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Pulse (physics), symbols.namesake, Optics, law, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Rayleigh scattering, 010306 general physics, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Monomode guiding over 100 Rayleigh lengths (10 cm) of high intensity ultrashort laser pulses ( ${10}^{16}\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, 120 fs) has been demonstrated in hollow dielectric capillary tubes (45--70 \ensuremath{\mu}m internal diameter) without inner wall damage. Analytical predictions for coupling conditions and damping length are confirmed experimentally for tubes under vacuum. With 5 to 40 mbar of He gas in the tube, when laser ionization occurs the energy and duration of the transmitted pulse decrease while its spectrum is broadened.
Published: 1999
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21. Temporal and Angular Resolution of the Ionization-Induced Refraction of a Short Laser Pulse in Helium Gas

Author: P. Chessa, Jean-Raphael Marques, G. Hamoniaux, Patrick Mora, Fabien Dorchies, François Amiranoff, E. de Wispelaere, Victor Malka, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), and École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Femtosecond pulse shaping, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Refraction, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Pulse (physics), Lens (optics), Optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], law, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Angular resolution, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, business, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract: International audience; The refraction of a short and intense laser pulse focused in helium gas has been studied both experimentally and numerically. Using the time-frequency correspondence of a 120 fs laser pulse linearly chirped to 1.8 ps, the ionization-induced refraction is resolved both temporally and angularly. Two-dimensional numerical simulations are performed to calculate the laser propagation, from the focusing lens to the detector. With such a simulation, we get a quantitative agreement with the experiment, both for the refraction of the chirped pulse and for the ionization-induced blueshifted spectrum of the compressed pulse.
Published: 1999
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22. Microjet formation and hard x-ray production from a liquid metal target irradiated by intense femtosecond laser pulses

Author: T. Bonnet, D. S. Uryupina, Andrei B Savel'ev, C. Fourment, F. Gobet, K. M. Spohr, Vladimir Tikhonchuk, B. Chimier, M. Versteegen, Jérôme Breil, M. Tarisien, F. Hannachi, A. S. Lar’kin, Fabien Dorchies, K.A. Ivanov, P. M. Leguay, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Jet (fluid), Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Pulse (physics), law, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract: International audience; By using a liquid metal as a target one may significantly enhance the yield of hard x-rays with a sequence of two intense femtosecond laser pulses. The influence of the time delay between the two pulses is studied experimentally and interpreted with numerical simulations. It was suggested that the first arbitrary weak pulse produces microjets from the target surface, while the second intense pulse provides an efficient electron heating and acceleration along the jet surface. These energetic electrons are the source of x-ray emission while striking the target surface. The microjet formation is explained based on the results given by both optical diagnostics and hydrodynamic modeling by a collision of shocks originated from two distinct zones of laser energy deposition.
Published: 2014
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23. Progress in warm dense matter study with applications to planetology

Author: F. Festa, Tommaso Vinci, Guillaume Morard, A. Denoeud, Jérôme Gaudin, Marion Harmand, N. Amadou, Sebastien Le Pape, Stephanie Brygoo, Michel Koenig, Olivier Henry, Raymond F. Smith, Alessandra Ravasio, Fabien Dorchies, Didier Raffestin, Olivier Peyrusse, Erik Brambrink, Norimasa Ozaki, François Guyot, R. Musella, Johan Bouchet, V. Recoules, G. Huser, Thibaut de Resseguier, K. Myanishi, Anna Lévy, Pierre Marie Leguay, Stephane Mazevet, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka University [Osaka], Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre d'études scientifiques et techniques d'Aquitaine (CESTA), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Phase transition, Absorption spectroscopy, business.industry, ab initio calculations, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Warm dense matter, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computational physics, law.invention, Optics, Planetary science, 13. Climate action, law, Density functional theory, strongly coupled plasma, Spectroscopy, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Mathematical Physics, laser compression
Abstract: International audience; We present an overview of some recent theoretical and experimental results obtained on the properties of iron and silica at conditions encountered in planetary interiors. The first part is concerned with the development of x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy in dynamical experiments using high-energy lasers as a tool to investigate phase transitions and structural changes at extreme pressure-temperature conditions for these two key constituents. The second part focuses on the development of a quasi-isentropic compression technique to achieve the pressure-temperature conditions anticipated in planetary interiors (3-10 Mbar, 5000-8000 K). The experiments were performed using the LULI, LLNL and LIL high-energy lasers' facilities. The experimental results are analyzed using first-principle simulations based on density functional theory.
Published: 2014
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24. Ultrafast Short-Range Disordering of Femtosecond-Laser-Heated Warm Dense Aluminum

Author: P. Renaudin, F. Deneuville, S. Hulin, C. Fourment, Fabien Dorchies, Bastian Holst, J. J. Santos, Stéphane Petit, Dominique Descamps, Olivier Peyrusse, B. Chimier, P. Combis, V. Recoules, Anna Lévy, Laurent Videau, C. Goyon, P. M. Leguay, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Hydrogéologie, Argiles, Sols, Altérations (E2) (HydrASA), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Physics and Technology [Bergen] (UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Fromager AOC Massif Central, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institute of Experimental Physics [Graz], Graz University of Technology [Graz] (TU Graz), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Centrale Lille, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Laser ablation, General Physics and Astronomy, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, XANES, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Picosecond, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, 010306 general physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, FOIL method
Abstract: International audience; We have probed, with time-resolved x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), a femtosecond-laser-heated aluminum foil with fluences up to 1 J/cm2. The spectra reveal a loss of the short-range order in a few picoseconds. This time scale is compared with the electron-ion equilibration time, calculated with a two-temperature model. Hydrodynamic simulations shed light on complex features that affect the foil dynamics, including progressive density change from solid to liquid (∼10 ps). In this density range, quantum molecular dynamics simulations indicate that XANES is a relevant probe of the ionic temperature.
Published: 2013
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25. Fast electron beam measurements from relativistically intense, frequency-doubled laser-solid interactions

Author: Robbie Scott, Kate Lancaster, Edward B. Clark, F. Perez, J. J. Santos, M. J. V. Streeter, S. J. Rose, S. Hulin, Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt, J. R. Davies, B. Vauzour, A. A. Soloviev, Peter Norreys, C. Fourment, S. D. Baton, Fabien Dorchies, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Pôle Fromager AOC Massif Central, and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Bremsstrahlung, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Fundamental frequency, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Cathode ray, Electron temperature, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Experimental measurements of the fast electron beam created by the interaction of relativistically intense, frequency-doubled laser light with planar solid targets and its subsequent transport within the target are presented and compared with those of a similar experiment using the laser fundamental frequency. Using frequency-doubled laser light, the fast electron source size is significantly reduced, while evidence suggests the divergence angle may be reduced. Pyrometric measurements of the target rear surface temperature and the Cu Kα imager data indicate the laser to fast electron absorption fraction is reduced using frequency doubled laser light. Bremsstrahlung measurements indicate the fast electron temperature is 125 keV, while the laser energy absorbed into forward-going fast electrons was found to be 16 ± 4% for frequency doubled light at a mean laser intensity of 5 ± 3 × 1018 W cm-2. © IOP Publishing and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
Published: 2013
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26. X-ray emission spectroscopy of well-characterised non-LTE plasmas

Author: L Vassura, P. Audebert, V. Silvert, S. Jacquemot, S. Bastiani-Ceccotti, Tommaso Vinci, Fabien Dorchies, A.-C. Bourgaux, V. Dervieux, P. M. Leguay, C. Bowen, P. Renaudin, Hyun-Kyung Chung, Jean-Raphael Marques, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), and Dorchies, Fabien
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Thomson scattering, Chemistry, Scattering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Plasma, Inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, [PHYS] Physics [physics], Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], law, 0103 physical sciences, Emission spectrum, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pyrometer
Abstract: This paper will present an experimental platform developed on LULI2000 to measure x-ray emission of non-LTE plasmas in well-defined hydrodynamic conditions thanks to implementation of a whole set of diagnostics, including time-resolved electronic and ionic Thomson scattering and self-optical pyrometry. K-, L- and M-shell spectra will be presented and the methodology, that has been developed to analyze them, discussed.
Published: 2016
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27. Magnetically Guided Fast Electrons in Cylindrically Compressed Matter

Author: Drew Higginson, Andrew MacPhee, Wigen Nazarov, John Pasley, S. Chawla, M. Koenig, Farhat Beg, Ph. Nicolaï, Tommaso Vinci, Joao Santos, Fabien Dorchies, Arnaud Debayle, S. D. Baton, Rashida Jafer, S. Hulin, B. Vauzour, Carlo Benedetti, L. Labate, R. Heathcote, F. Perez, C. Fourment, Marco Galimberti, J. J. Honrubia, D. Batani, Petra Koester, L. Gremillet, A. J. Mackinnon, Andrea Sgattoni, Maria Richetta, Luca Volpe, Rafael Ramis, Kate Lancaster, Erik Brambrink, L. A. Gizzi, C. Spindloe, Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), International Institute of Clinical Studies, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory–IPCF, Area della Ricerca CNR, Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Pérez, F, Debayle, A, Honrubia, J, Koenig, M, Batani, D, Baton, S, Beg, F, Benedetti, C, Brambrink, E, Chawla, S, Dorchies, F, Fourment, C, Galimberti, M, Gizzi, L, Gremillet, L, Heathcote, R, Higginson, D, Hulin, S, Jafer, R, Koester, P, Labate, L, Lancaster, K, Mackinnon, A, Macphee, A, Nazarov, W, Nicolai, P, Pasley, J, Ramis, R, Richetta, M, Santos, J, Sgattoni, A, Spindloe, C, Vauzour, B, Volpe, L, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, General Physics and Astronomy, Context (language use), Electron, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, TRANSPORT, Collimated light, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, Magnetic field, law.invention, laser, plasmi, fusione nucleare, elettroni rapidi, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, law, 0103 physical sciences, Cathode ray, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, FIS/03 - FISICA DELLA MATERIA, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Fast electrons produced by a 10 ps, 160 J laser pulse through laser-compressed plastic cylinders are studied experimentally and numerically in the context of fast ignition. K(alpha)-emission images reveal a collimated or scattered electron beam depending on the initial density and the compression timing. A numerical transport model shows that implosion-driven electrical resistivity gradients induce strong magnetic fields able to guide the electrons. The good agreement with measured beam sizes provides the first experimental evidence for fast-electron magnetic collimation in laser-compressed matter.
Published: 2011
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28. The HiPER project for inertial confinement fusion and some experimental results on advanced ignition schemes

Author: C. Fourment, Jaroslav Nejdl, Bedřich Rus, D. Neely, B. Vauzour, F. Perez, Laurent Gremillet, John Pasley, C. Spindloe, Jerzy Wolowski, S. D. Baton, S. Hulin, Michaela Kozlova, Petra Koester, Xavier Ribeyre, Dimitri Batani, M. Koenig, Kate Lancaster, Maria Richetta, Luca Volpe, J. J. Santos, Luca Antonelli, Alessio Morace, Philippe Nicolai, Wigen Nazarov, L. Labate, L. A. Gizzi, J. J. Honrubia, Guy Schurtz, Fabien Dorchies, M. Tolley, Jan Badziak, Batani, D, Koenig, M, Baton, S, Perez, F, Gizzi, L, Koester, P, Labate, L, Honrubia, J, Antonelli, L, Morace, A, Volpe, L, Santos, J, Schurtz, G, Hulin, S, Ribeyre, X, Fourment, C, Nicolai, P, Vauzour, B, Gremillet, L, Nazarov, W, Pasley, J, Richetta, M, Lancaster, K, Spindloe, C, Tolley, M, Neely, D, Kozlová, M, Nejdl, J, Rus, B, Wolowski, J, Badziak, J, Dorchies, F, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory–IPCF, Area della Ricerca CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biomécanique et génie biomédical (BIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of St Andrews [Scotland], STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Institute of Physics [Prague], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Physics (PALS), Department of X Ray Lasers, institute of physics PALS center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Shock wave, Nuclear engineering, Laser, Condensed Matter Physic, fast ignition, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, HiPER, 010306 general physics, Inertial confinement fusion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, facility, plasma physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Condensed Matter Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nova (laser), Plasma, Shock (mechanics), Ignition system, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: This paper presents the goals and some of the results of experiments conducted within the Working Package 10 (Fusion Experimental Programme) of the HiPER Project. These experiments concern the study of the physics connected to 'advanced ignition schemes', i.e. the fast ignition and the shock ignition approaches to inertial fusion. Such schemes are aimed at achieving a higher gain, as compared with the classical approach which is used in NIF, as required for future reactors, and make fusion possible with smaller facilities. In particular, a series of experiments related to fast ignition were performed at the RAL (UK) and LULI (France) Laboratories and studied the propagation of fast electrons (created by a short-pulse ultra-high-intensity beam) in compressed matter, created either by cylindrical implosions or by compression of planar targets by (planar) laser-driven shock waves. A more recent experiment was performed at PALS and investigated the laser-plasma coupling in the 10 16 W cm -2 intensity regime of interest for shock ignition. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Published: 2011
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29. Proton radiography of cylindrical laser-driven implosions

Author: Ph. Nicolaï, S. D. Baton, C. Regan, Dimitri Batani, F. Perez, W Nazarov, John Pasley, Andrea Sgattoni, B. Vauzour, Farhat Beg, Carlo Benedetti, S. Hulin, Andrew MacPhee, R. Heathcote, Kate Lancaster, C. Fourment, S. Chawla, Marco Galimberti, C. Spindloe, R. Jafer, Fabien Dorchies, J. J. Santos, Drew Higginson, L. Labate, Petra Koester, Maria Richetta, Luca Volpe, L. A. Gizzi, and M. Tolley
Subjects: Analytical model, Fast electrons, Fast ignition, Hard X ray, High-power, Incident beams, Laser lights, Laser-driven implosions, Monte Carlo codes, Plasma effects, Proton radiography, Road-maps, Rutherford appleton laboratories,Engineering controlled terms: Cylinders (shapes), Experiments, High power lasers, Lasers, Mathematical models, Protons, Radiation effects, Radiology,Engineering main heading: X ray radiography, Monte Carlo method, Implosion, Electron, Radiation, law.invention, Optics, law, HiPER, Engineering main heading: X ray radiography, Rutherford appleton laboratories, Engineering controlled terms: Cylinders (shapes), Physics, business.industry, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Industrial radiography, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Radiology
Abstract: We report on the results of a recent experiment at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory investigating fast electron propagation in cylindrically compressed targets; a subject of interest for fast ignition. This experiment was performed within the framework of the road map of HiPER (the European High Power laser Energy Research facility Project). Protons accelerated by a ps-laser pulse are used to radiograph a 220 µm diameter, imploded with ~200 J of laser light (1 ns λ = 0.53 µm) in four symmetrically incident beams. Results are also compared with those from hard x-ray radiography. Detailed comparison with 2D radiation hydrodyamics simulations is performed with the aid of a Monte Carlo code adapted to describe plasma effects. Finally, a simple analytical model is developed to estimate the performance of proton radiography for given implosion conditions.
Published: 2011

30. Can proton radiography be used to image imploding target in ICF experiments ?

Author: C. Regan, Andrea Sgattoni, C. Spindloe, K. L. Lancaster, B. Vauzour, Carlo Benedetti, Petra Koester, Fabien Dorchies, M. Koenig, Maria Richetta, Luca Volpe, S. Hulin, R. Heathcote, C. Fourment, Marco Galimberti, L. A. Gizzi, L. Labate, M. Tolley, F. Perez, Ph. Nicolaï, J. J. Santos, S. D. Baton, Dimitri Batani, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory–IPCF, Area della Ricerca CNR, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Hein, J. and Silva, L. O. and Korn, G. and Gizzi, L. A. and Edwards, C., Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Proton, business.industry, Scattering, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Implosion, Electron, Laser, Hard x-rays, Collimated light, law.invention, Settore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica, Modelli e Metodi Matematici, Optics, Multiple scattering, law, HiPER, Numerical simulations, Picosecond phenomena, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Inertial confinement fusion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Laser energy
Abstract: Generation of high intensity and well collimated multi energetic proton beams from laser-matter interaction extend the possibility to use protons as a diagnostic to image imploding target in Inertial Confinement Fusion experiments. An experiment was done at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Vulcan Laser Petawatt laser) to study fast electron propagation in cylindrically compressed targets, a subject of interest for fast ignition. This was performed in the framework of the experimental road map of HiPER (the European High Power laser Energy Research facility Project). In the experiment, protons accelerated by a ps-laser pulse were used to radiograph a 220 m diameter cylinder (20 m wall, filled with low density foam), imploded with 200 J of green laser light in 4 symmetrically incident beams of pulse length 1 ns. Point projection proton backlighting was used to get the compression history and the stagnation time. Detailed comparison with 2D numerical hydro simulations has been done using a Monte Carlo code adapted to describe multiple scattering and plasma effects and with those from hard X-ray radiography. These analysis shows that due to the very large mass densities reached during implosion processes, protons traveling through the target undergo a very large number of collisions which deviate protons from their original trajectory reducing proton radiography resolution. Here we present a simple analytical model to study the proton radiography diagnostic performance as a function of the main experimental parameters such as proton beam energy and target areal density. This approach leads to define two different criteria for PR resolution (called "strong" and "weak" condition) describing different experimental conditions. Finally numerical simulations using both hydrodynamic and Monte Carlo codes are presented to validate analytical predictions.
Published: 2011

31. Electronic Structure Investigation of Highly Compressed Aluminum with K Edge Absorption Spectroscopy

Author: N. Amadou, Anna Lévy, Alessandra Ravasio, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, V. Recoules, Todd H. Hall, Olivier Peyrusse, Fabien Dorchies, Stephane Mazevet, Erik Brambrink, F. Festa, M. Koenig, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Extended X-ray absorption fine structure, Absorption spectroscopy, General Physics and Astronomy, Electronic structure, Plasma, Edge (geometry), Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, X-ray absorption fine structure, law.invention, K-edge, law, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract: International audience; The electronic structure evolution of highly compressed aluminum has been investigated using timeresolved $K$ edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy. A long laser pulse (500 ps, I$_L$ $\approx$ 8 X 10$^{13}$ W/cm$^2$) wasused to create a uniform shock. A second ps pulse (I$_L$ $\approx$ 10$^{17}$ W/cm$^2$) generated an ultrashort broadbandx-ray source near the Al $K$ edge. The main target was designed to probe aluminum at reshocked conditionsup to now unexplored (3 times the solid density and temperatures around 8 eV). The hydrodynamicalconditions were obtained using rear side visible diagnostics. Data were compared to ${ab}$ ${initio}$ and denseplasma calculations, indicating potential improvements in either description. This comparison shows thatx-ray-absorption near-edge structure measurements provide a unique capability to probe matter at theseextreme conditions and severally constrains theoretical approaches currently used.
Published: 2011
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32. Proton radiography of laser-driven imploding target in cylindrical geometry

Author: D. Batani, L. A. Gizzi, S. Chawla, Alessio Morace, F. Perez, Andrea Sgattoni, C. Regan, Ph. Nicolaï, J. J. Santos, S. Hulin, S. D. Baton, B. Vauzour, M. Tolley, Fabien Dorchies, Carlo Benedetti, L. Labate, Petra Koester, Kate Lancaster, Maria Richetta, R. Heathcote, C. Fourment, Luca Volpe, Marco Galimberti, John Pasley, Farhat Beg, Andrew MacPhee, Drew Higginson, C. Spindloe, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory–IPCF, Area della Ricerca CNR, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), International Institute of Clinical Studies, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: plasma simulation, Monte Carlo method, plasma light propagation, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, HiPER, Cylinder, explosions, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], plasma diagnostics, business.industry, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Pulse duration, Monte Carlo methods, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Pulse (physics), Industrial radiography, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Plasma diagnostics, business, MATTER
Abstract: An experiment was done at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Vulcan laser petawatt laser) to study fast electron propagation in cylindrically compressed targets, a subject of interest for fast ignition. This was performed in the framework of the experimental road map of HiPER (the European high power laser energy research facility project). In the experiment, protons accelerated by a picosecond-laser pulse were used to radiograph a 220 mu m diameter cylinder (20 mu m wall, filled with low density foam), imploded with similar to 200 J of green laser light in four symmetrically incident beams of pulse length 1 ns. Point projection proton backlighting was used to get the compression history and the stagnation time. Results are also compared to those from hard x-ray radiography. Detailed comparison with two-dimensional numerical hydrosimulations has been done using a Monte Carlo code adapted to describe multiple scattering and plasma effects. Finally we develop a simple analytical model to estimate the performance of proton radiography for given implosion conditions. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3530596]
Published: 2011
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33. Proton Radiography and Fast Electron Propogation Through Cyliderically Compressed Targets

Author: S. Chawla, D Higginson, B. Vauzour, J. J. Santos, Carlo Benedetti, R. Heathcote, C. Fourment, Andrea Sgattoni, Marco Galimberti, M. Tolley, Petra Koester, A. J. Mackinnon, Duck-Hee Kwon, Erik Brambrink, Maria Richetta, Luca Volpe, John Pasley, C. Spindloe, M. Koenig, Philippe Nicolai, L. Labate, F. Perez, Fabien Dorchies, F. N. Beg, Yongjoo Rhee, L. A. Gizzi, A. McPhee, S. D. Baton, Kate Lancaster, Dimitri Batani, Rashida Jafer, S. Hulin, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Instituto di Fisica e Molecolare, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), International Institute of Clinical Studies, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Proton, Spectrometer, business.industry, Monte Carlo method, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma, Electron, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, HiPER, 010306 general physics, business, Beam (structure), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The paper describes the key points contained in the short term HiPER (High Power laser Energy Research) experimental road map, as well as the results of two phases of the experiment performed in "HiPER dedicated time slots. Experimental and theoretical results of relativistic electron transport in cylindrically compressed matter are presented. This experiment was achieved at the VULCAN laser facility (UK) by using four long pulse beams (similar to 4 x 50 J, 1 us, at 0.53 mu m) to compress a hollow plastic cylinder filled with plastic foam of three different densities (0.1, 0.3, and 1 g cm(-3)). In the first phase of the experiment, protons accelerated by a picosecond laser pulse were used to radiograph a cylinder filled with 0.1 g/cc foam. Point projection proton backlighting was used to measure the degree of compression as well as the stagnation time. Results were compared to those from hard X-ray radiography. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations of proton propagation in cold and compressed targets allowed a detailed, comparison with 2D numerical hydro simulations. 2D simulations predict a density of 2-5 g cm(-3) and a plasma temperature up to 100 eV at maximum compression. In the second phase of the experiment, a short pulse (10 ps, 160 J) beam generated fast electrons that propagated through the compressed matter by irradiating a nickel foil at an intensity of 5 x 10(18) Wcm(-2). X-ray spectrometer and imagers were implemented in order to estimate the compressed plasma conditions and to infer the hot electron characteristics. Results are discussed and compared with simulations.
Published: 2010

34. Temporal and spectral behavior of sub-picosecond laser-created X-ray sources from low- to moderate-Z elements

Author: Djamel Benredjem, Fabien Dorchies, S. Bastiani-Ceccotti, Annette Calisti, P. Renaudin, Olivier Peyrusse, Marion Harmand, Patrick Audebert, Sylvie Jacquemot, Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, Streak camera, Time evolution, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Spectral line shape, law.invention, 010309 optics, Crystal, symbols.namesake, Stark effect, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Atomic number, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; We report on a set of experiments in which solid targets of different atomic numbers (Z) were irradiated with laser pulses of time durations ranging from 300 fs to 33 ps, and energies up to 26 J. The time-resolved X-ray emission in the 7.6-8.1 Å spectral range was measured using an ultra-fast X-ray streak camera coupled with a conical Bragg crystal. In this way we were able to follow the dramatic modification of the spectral features as a function of the laser duration. The features evolve from a "ns-type" emission, characterized by narrow and well-defined spectral lines, to very broad spectral features, due not only to the Stark broadening but also to the proliferation of satellites lines. The measured spectra also show strong time dependence, which allows us to follow the time evolution of the hydrodynamic parameters. We then compare the derived parameter with the CHIVAS hydro-radiative simulations. The experimental results are also compared with the AVERROES/TRANSPEC collisional-radiative code, and with precise spectral line shape calculations (PPP and PrismSPECT). The results seem to indicate regimes of interaction where hot electrons play an important role on spectral line formation.
Published: 2010
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35. X-ray diagnostics of fast electrons propagation in high density plasmas obtained by cylindrical compression

Author: John Pasley, Wigen Nazarov, L. Labate, S. Hulin, L. A. Gizzi, F. Perez, S. D. Baton, P. Köster, Xavier Ribeyre, J. J. Santos, M. Koenig, Philippe Nicolai, Erik Brambrink, R. Jafer, Guy Schurtz, Andrea Sgattoni, Drew Higginson, F. N. Beg, Andrew MacPhee, Fabien Dorchies, A. J. Mackinnon, Maria Richetta, Christopher Spindloe, Luca Volpe, S. Chawla, Kate Lancaster, R. Heathcote, C. Fourment, Marco Galimberti, B. Vauzour, Carlo Benedetti, Dimitri Batani, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), International Institute of Clinical Studies, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory–IPCF, Area della Ricerca CNR, Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: History, Materials science, Population, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Education, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, crystals, Cylinder, 010306 general physics, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, centered Lagrangian scheme, [PHYS]Physics [physics], education.field_of_study, Range (particle radiation), Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Plasma, plasmas, Laser, Compression (physics), Computer Science Applications, Core (optical fiber), flow problems, Atomic physics
Abstract: We report on X-ray diagnostics results from an experiment on fast electrons propagation in cylindrically compressed targets. It was performed on the VULCAN TAW laser facility at RAL (UK) using four long pulses (1ns, 70 J each at 2ω) to compress a cylindrical polyimide target filled with CH foam at 3 different initial densities. The cylindrical geometry allows us to reach temperatures and densities higher than those obtained in planar geometry compression. 2D hydrodynamic simulations predicted a core density range from 4 to 8 g/cm3 and a core temperature from 30 eV up to 175 eV at maximum compression. An additional short laser pulse (10 ps, 160 J at ω) was focused on a Ni foil at one of the cylinder edges in order to generate a fast electrons current propagating along the compressed target. A X-ray radiography diagnostic was implemented in order to estimate the core plasma conditions of the compressed cylinder. Moreover two Bragg X-ray spectrometers collected the Kα fluorescence from the target so as to determine the variations of fast electrons population during the compression.
Published: 2010

36. Isochoric heating of solids by laser-accelerated protons: Experimental characterization and self-consistent hydrodynamic modeling

Author: Patrizio Antici, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Sylvain Fourmaux, Marion Harmand, Olivier Peyrusse, P. Combis, L. Lancia, R. Kodama, A. Mancic, J. Robiche, C. Blancard, Stephane Mazevet, Julien Fuchs, Ronnie Shepherd, Fabien Dorchies, P. Audebert, P. Renaudin, G. Faussurier, V. Recoules, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Interaction des rayons X avec la Matière, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dorchies, Fabien
Subjects: Coupling, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Equation of state, Radiation, Materials science, Proton, Isochoric process, Nuclear Theory, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS] Physics [physics], 010305 fluids & plasmas, Characterization (materials science), law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure), FOIL method, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: A study of isochoric heating of Al foil by laser-accelerated proton beam is presented, coupling self-consistent hydrodynamic simulations (including proton stopping) with experimental measurements. The proton source that induces the heating has been characterized experimentally and the induced heating has been inferred through critical density expansion velocity measurement. The low-energy part of the proton spectrum that plays the dominant part in the heating process has been studied in detail. The experimental results are compared with the results of 1-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations that use as input the measured proton source and good agreement between the two is found using the SESAME EOS.
Published: 2010

37. Broadband, high dynamics and high resolution charge coupled device-based spectrometer in dynamic mode for multi-keV repetitive x-ray sources

Author: C. Bonte, Marion Harmand, S. Hulin, N. Arazam, C. Fourment, Fabien Dorchies, T. Caillaud, Dominique Descamps, S. Petit, Joao Santos, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications ( CELIA ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), DAM Île-de-France ( DAM/DIF ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] ( DESY ), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée ( LOA ), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées ( Univ. Paris-Saclay, ENSTA ParisTech ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Photon, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Spectrometer, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Detector, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Charge-coupled device, Atomic number, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We present a new operating mode, using a charged coupled device as dispersionless spectrometer dedicated to repetitive x-ray sources in the multi-keV domain. This enables to get spectra with high statistics in a short acquisition time and a way compatible with the operation of other diagnostics requiring accumulation. Several reconstruction algorithms for the spreading events are discussed, and a near Fano-limited resolution is demonstrated by using single pixel events. In this case, a method to take into account partial canceling of the events is presented. Experimental characterization and detailed modeling of the detector are performed, which allow to determine absolute number of photon with +/-35% accuracy. Characterization of the 5-25 keV x rays emitted by a short pulse laser-produced plasma is reported, as well as their dependency with the atomic number, the laser duration, and energy.
Published: 2009

38. Proton Radiography of a Cylindrical Laser-Driven Implosion

Author: Sophie Baton, Philippe Nicolai, E. Bambrink, Drew Higginson, Andrea Sgattoni, Petra Koester, A. J. Mackinnon, M. Koenig, L. A. Gizzi, Maria Richetta, Luca Volpe, John Pasley, J. J. Santos, R. Jafer, F. Perez, Kate Lancaster, F. N. Beg, Fabien Dorchies, D. Batani, Luca Labate, S. Chawla, S. Hulin, B. Vauzour, Carlo Benedetti, R. Heathcote, C. Fourment, Marco Galimberti, and A. McPhee
Subjects: Physics, Proton, business.industry, Monte Carlo method, Pulse duration, Implosion, Electron, Laser, law.invention, Optics, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Cylinder, Plasma diagnostics, business
Abstract: A recent experiment was performed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK) to study fast electron propagation in cylindrically compressed targets, a subject of interest for fast ignition. In this experiment, protons accelerated by a picosecond laser pulse have been used to radiograph a 220 µm diameter cylinder (10 µm wall filled with 0.1 g/cc foam), imploded with _ 200 J of green laser light in 4 symmetrically incident beams of wavelength and pulse length 1 ns. Point projection proton backlighting was used to measure the compression degree as well as the stagnation time. Results were also compared to those from a hard X-ray radiography diagnostics. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations of proton propagation in the cold and in the compressed targets allowed a detailed comparison with 2D numerical hydro simulations.
Published: 2009
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39. Enhanced hot-electron localization and heating in high-contrast ultraintense laser irradiation of microcone targets

Author: R. Redaelli, Kirk Flippo, Stephanie B. Hansen, Julien Fuchs, Alessio Morace, Laurent Gremillet, P. Guillou, R. Kodama, Grant Korgan, J. J. Santos, Joshua J. Adams, C. Rousseaux, M. Nakatsutsumi, Ronnie Shepherd, C. Fourment, Yasuhiko Sentoku, Sophie Gaillard, Fabien Dorchies, Steven Malekos, Emmanuel d'Humières, S. D. Baton, Norimasa Ozaki, M. Koenig, Patrick Audebert, Dimitri Batani, J. Rassuchine, F. Perez, Makhlad Chahid, and Thomas E. Cowan
Subjects: Physics, Coupling (electronics), Resistive touchscreen, law, Irradiation, Electron, Atomic physics, Reduced mass, Curvature, Laser, Magnetic field, law.invention
Abstract: We report experiments demonstrating enhanced coupling efficiencies of high-contrast laser irradiation to nanofabricated conical targets. Peak temperatures near 200 eV are observed with modest laser energy (10 J), revealing similar hot-electron localization and material heating to reduced mass targets (RMTs), despite having a significantly larger mass. Collisional particle-in-cell simulations attribute the enhancement to self-generated resistive (approximately 10 MG) magnetic fields forming within the curvature of the cone wall, which confine energetic electrons to heat a reduced volume at the tip. This represents a different electron confinement mechanism (magnetic, as opposed to electrostatic sheath confinement in RMTs) controllable by target shape.
Published: 2009
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40. Observation of Subpicosecond X-Ray Emission from Laser-Cluster Interaction

Author: Fabien Dorchies, F. Blasco, T. Caillaud, C. Bonte, C. Fourment, Olivier Peyrusse, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, X-ray, Electron shell, General Physics and Astronomy, Time resolution, Laser, law.invention, Photon emission, law, Cluster (physics), Atomic physics, Ultrashort pulse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We present the first experimental evidence of the subpicosecond duration of x-ray pulses emitted from laser-irradiated clusters, demonstrating the suitability of such a debris free target for ultrafast x-ray science applications. The $K$-shell emission ($\ensuremath{\sim}3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$) from large Ar clusters ($6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ to $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms) is time resolved, when irradiated by ultrashort (40 fs to 5 ps) and intense laser pulses (${10}^{15\ensuremath{-}17}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$). The observations are supported by hydrodynamical and collisional-radiative calculations, that reproduce the extremely short x-ray pulse duration.
Published: 2008
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41. Particle characterisation for the evaluation of 181mTa excitation yield in millijoule laser induced plasmas

Author: M. Tarisien, R. Fedosejevs, J. N. Scheurer, F. Hannachi, F. Gobet, M. Gerbaux, Stéphane Petit, P. Morel, V. Méot, G. Malka, Fabien Dorchies, C. Fourment, M. M. Aléonard, G. Claverie, Dominique Descamps, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Electron, Plasma, Inelastic scattering, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Charged particle, law.invention, Ion, Photoexcitation, law, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract: The particles (ions, atoms, x-rays and high-energy electrons) resulting from the interaction of a high repetition rate laser with a tantalum target are characterized at laser intensities ranging between 3 × 1015 and 6 × 1016 W cm-2 using plasma and nuclear physics techniques. A simple model is developed to estimate, from these data, the ^181 Ta isomeric state excitation yields in the ablated matter and in the remaining target. Both nuclear photoexcitation and electron inelastic scattering processes have been taken into account in the calculations. A maximum of a few 10-3 excitations per laser shot are predicted in the investigated intensity range.
Published: 2008
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42. Inhibition of fast electron energy deposition due to preplasma filling of cone-attached targets

Author: Alessio Morace, Angelo Schiavi, Laurent Gremillet, Dimitri Batani, Julien Fuchs, C. Fourment, P. Guillou, C. Rousseaux, M. Koenig, Joao Santos, Berenice Loupias, Ryosuke Kodama, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Yefim Aglitskiy, Sophie Baton, Norimasa Ozaki, Stefano Atzeni, Takayoshi Norimatsu, M. Drouin, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Tommaso Vinci, R. Redaelli, A. Nishida, Fabien Dorchies, Erik Lefebvre, Dorchies, Fabien, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Graduate School of Engineering [Suita, Osaka], Osaka University [Osaka], Dipartimento di Energetica, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité (OSEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Osaka University, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Electron density, Energy flux, Conical surface, Electron, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, [PHYS] Physics [physics], Wavelength, Planar, law, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We present experimental and numerical results on the propagation and energy deposition of laser-generated fast electrons into conical targets. The first part reports on experimental measurements performed in various configurations in order to assess the predicted benefit of conical targets over standard planar ones. For the conditions investigated here, the fast electron-induced heating is found to be much weaker in cone-guided targets irradiated at a laser wavelength of 1.057μm, whereas frequency doubling of the laser pulse permits us to bridge the disparity between conical and planar targets. This result underscores the prejudicial role of the prepulse-generated plasma, whose confinement is enhanced in conical geometry. The second part is mostly devoted to the particle-in-cell modeling of the laser-cone interaction. In qualitative agreement with the experimental data, the calculations show that the presence of a large preplasma leads to a significant decrease in the fast electron density and energy flux...
Published: 2008

43. Energetic electrons produced in the interaction of a kiloHertz femtosecond laser with tantalum targets

Author: Robert Fedosejevs, P. Morel, M. Tarisien, F. Hannachi, V. Méot, C. Fourment, M. Gerbaux, F. Gobet, Stéphane Petit, G. Malka, J. N. Scheurer, Fabien Dorchies, G. Claverie, M. M. Aléonard, Dominique Descamps, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, BPRS, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Physics, Photon, Tantalum, Bremsstrahlung, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Plasma, Photon energy, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Laser, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract: The electrons produced in the interaction of a high repetition rate laser with a thick tantalum target generate a continuous distribution of photons via the bremsstrahlung process occurring mainly in the target. The photon energy distributions, between 50 and 500 keV, are unfolded to obtain the true X-ray energy distributions. These distributions are used in a Monte Carlo simulation to infer the initial electron energy distributions. These properties have been studied at laser intensities ranging from 3 × 1015 to 6 × 1016 W cm− 2. The electron energy distributions are different above ≃2 × 1016 W cm− 2 as compared to lower intensities. This is evidence for a different laser plasma interaction regime.
Published: 2007
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44. Dynamics of rare gas nanoclusters irradiated by short and intense laser pulses

Author: Fabien Dorchies, S. Micheau, J. J. Santos, Marion Harmand, H. Jouin, Bernard Pons, C. Fourment, Olivier Peyrusse, C. Bonte, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'Etudes Aérodynamiques (LEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA-Université de Poitiers, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR Qualisud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, Materials science, Streak camera, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Nanoclusters, Ion, law, Picosecond, Excited state, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Ultrashort pulse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We report on a joint experimental–theoretical effort to shed light on the dynamics of rare gas (Ar) nanoclusters irradiated by short and intense laser pulses. The experiments employ a streak camera coupled to a conical crystal to yield energy- and time-resolved X-ray spectra, in the keV range on picosecond scale. These spectra display ultrafast subpicosecond ionization dynamics, leading to highly charged states such as Ar16+, and indicate that the duration of the energetic X-rays is less than the experimental 1.3 ps temporal resolution. The theoretical calculations rely on the well-known nanoplasma model, which has been improved to represent the collisional ionization processes that are of importance in nanoplasma dynamics. Allowance is made for high-order ionization transitions involving intermediate excited states. The simulations indicate significant populations of excited states of highly charged ions, in agreement with the experimental findings. Further, detailed collisional-radiative calculations indicate that the duration of the X-ray bursts is less than 100 fs.
Published: 2007
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45. Ultra short x-ray source from laser-clusters interaction

Author: C. Fourment, T. Caillaud, Olivier Peyrusse, Fabien Dorchies, J. Stevefelt, C. Bonte, M. Harmand, Joao Santos, and F. Blasco
Subjects: Physics, law, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Femtosecond, Radius, Emission spectrum, Plasma, Atomic physics, Laser, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Atomic, molecular, and optical physics, Ion, law.invention
Abstract: Interaction of femtosecond (30 fs-5 ps) and intense (up to 1017 W/cm2) laser pulses with Ar clusters (180 to 350 Å radius) has been studied. The laser absorption and the cluster heating have been measured using different diagnostics, demonstrating the production of very hot and dense plasmas, in the keV range. A special attention has been devoted to the K-shell x-ray emission spectra (2.9-3.3 keV). X-ray emission has been observed from ions in very high charge states (Ar16+). Time-resolved measurements have been performed, giving evidence, for the first time, of extremely short x-ray pulses down to the sub-picosecond. Simulations based on both an hydrodynamic model and collisional-radiative atomic physics reveal an extremely brief x-ray emission burst consistent with measurements.© (2006) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Published: 2006
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46. Absolute energy distribution of hard X-rays poduced in the interaction of a kHz femtosecond laser with tantalum targets

Author: S. Petit, G. Claverie, F. Gobet, C. Fourment, B. Liesfeld, M. M. Aléonard, F. Hannachi, G. Malka, Dominique Descamps, M. Gerbaux, S. Hanvey, F. Blasco, J. N. Scheurer, J. F. Chemin, L. Robson, Robert Fedosejevs, P. Morel, Fabien Dorchies, M. Tarisien, V. Méot, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Service de Physique Nucléaire (SERVICE DE PHYSIQUE NUCLéAIRE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Etudes Aérodynamiques (LEA), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Schaffner, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Photon, plasma simulation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, tantalum, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, plasma light propagation, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, high-speed optical techniques, 010306 general physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), plasma production by laser, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 52.59.Px, 52.25.Os, 52.50.Jm, 52.70.Nc, 52.38.Ph, 52.65.Pp, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, plasma diagnostics, business.industry, Compton scattering, Laser, Compton effect, Femtosecond, Scintillation counter, Plasma diagnostics, plasma X-ray sources, Atomic physics, business
Abstract: Previous reports have indicated the anomalous excitation rate for the 6.2 keV nuclear level of 181Ta in a plasma produced with a femtosecond laser. A detailed characterization of the electrons and x-ray sources produced in such a plasma is required to interpret these results. In a preliminary work, the continuous energy distribution of hard x rays 10–500 keV produced in the interaction of a kilohertz femtosecond laser beam with a tantalum solid target is investigated in the 31015–6 1016 W/cm2 range of intensity. A sodium iodide detector with appropriate shielding is used. Strong collimation and absorption filters are used to avoid the pileup of photons in the detector. The response function of this setup is calculated with the GEANT3 simulation code. We demonstrate the necessity to quantify the Compton scattered events in the raw spectra in order to restore the absolute x-ray energy distribution.
Published: 2006
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47. Time-resolved X-ray spectra of hot & dense plasmas from laser-clusters interaction

Author: T. Caillaud, C. Bonte, J. J. Santos, J. Stevefelt, R. Fedosejevs, Marion Harmand, C. Fourment, Olivier Peyrusse, F. Blasco, Fabien Dorchies, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Etudes Aérodynamiques (LEA), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA-Université de Poitiers
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Range (particle radiation), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma, Radius, Laser, Ion, law.invention, law, Femtosecond, Emission spectrum, Atomic physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Interaction of femtosecond (30 fs - 5 ps) and intense (up to 10 17 W/cm 2 ) laser pulses with Ar clusters (180 to 350 A radius) has been studied. The laser absorption and the cluster heating have been measured using different diagnostics, demonstrating the production of very hot and dense plasmas, in the keV range. A special attention has been devoted to the K-shell x-ray emission spectra (2.9-3.3 keV). X-ray emission has been observed from ions in very high charge states (Ar 16+ ). Time-resolved measurements have been performed, giving evidence, for the first time, of extremely short x-ray pulses (
Published: 2006

48. Experimental study of x-ray emission in laser-cluster interaction

Author: T. Caillaud, Patrick Mora, Olivier Peyrusse, Fabien Dorchies, F. Blasco, and C. Bonte
Subjects: Physics, Argon, Streak camera, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Laser, law.invention, chemistry, law, Ionization, Cluster (physics), Emission spectrum, Atomic physics, Cluster expansion
Abstract: Rare gas cluster jets are an intermediate medium between solid and gas targets. Laser-cluster jets interaction may generate a great number of energetic particles such as X-rays, UV, high harmonics, ions, electrons and neutrons. To understand all the mechanisms involved in this interaction we need to make a complete study of individual cluster response to an ultra-short laser pulse. We studied the laser interaction with our Argon cluster gas jet, which is well characterized in cluster size and density, to enlarge the knowledge of this interaction. We measured absorption, heating and X-ray emission spectra versus laser parameters and clusters size (~15-30 nm). We show that there is a strong refraction effect on laser propagation due to the residual gas density. This effect was confirmed by laser propagation simulation with a cylindrical 2D particle code WAKE. The role played by refraction was to limit maximum laser intensity on the focal spot and to increase interaction volume. By this way, X-ray emission was observed with laser intensity not so far from the ionization threshold (few 10 14 W.cm -2 ). We also studied plasma expansion both at cluster scale and focal volume scale and deduced the deposited energy distribution as a function of time. Thanks to a simple hydrodynamic model, we used these results to study cluster expansion. X-ray emission is then simulated by TRANSPEC code in order to reproduce X-ray spectra and duration. Those results revealed an extremely brief X-ray emission consistent with a preliminary measure by streak camera (~ps).
Published: 2005
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49. Investigation of laser-irradiated Ar cluster dynamics from K-shell x-ray emission measurements

Author: Fabien Dorchies, C. Bonte, J. Stevefelt, H. Jouin, Bernard Pons, T. Caillaud, S. Micheau, F. Blasco, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Resolution (electron density), X-ray, Electron shell, Order (ring theory), Laser, Spectral line, Ion, law.invention, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Atomic physics, Circular polarization, 52.50.Jm, 52.38.Ph, 32.30.Rj
Abstract: Intense (up to a few ${10}^{17}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) femtosecond (down to $40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$) laser pulses are focused onto a partially clusterized argon gas jet. The target was previously characterized and optimized in order to get a homogeneous and dense jet of clusters with a well controlled size. The interaction leads to x-ray emission that is absolutely calibrated and spectrally resolved using a high resolution time-integrated spectrometer in the $K$-shell range (from $2.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}4.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{keV}$). X-ray spectra are investigated as a function of different laser temporal parameters such as the nanosecond prepulse contrast, the laser pulse duration, and the femtosecond delay between two different laser pulses. The cluster size ranges from $180\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}350\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$ and irradiation by laser pulses with both linear and circular polarization is investigated. The experimental results are discussed in terms of the laser-cluster interaction dynamics. They are compared with the predictions of collision-dominated nanoplasma models. However, further interaction processes are required in order to explain the observed characteristic lines demonstrating highly charged ions up to ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{16+}$.
Published: 2005
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50. Characterization of the new FX1 x-ray streak camera

Author: Catherine Goulmy, Jean-Claude Kieffer, Vincent Pitre, Jean-Claude Rebuffie, Fabien Dorchies, Sebastien Magnan, François Salin, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Tatchyn, R. O. and Chang, Z. and Kieffer, J. C. and Hastings, J. B., and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, business.industry, Streak camera, Streak, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, Temporal resolution, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Sapphire, Optoelectronics, Time-resolved spectroscopy, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ultrashort pulse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We present the characterization of an ultrafast x-ray streak camera based on a new bilamellar x-ray tube. This camera, named FX1, has been tested in static (imaging) and dynamic (sweep) mode with several continuous and pulsed sub-picosecond UV and X-ray sources. The FX1 camera was designed to overcome some limitations observed with the PX1 camera which has been used previously at INRS to achieve high resolution sub-picosecond time resolved spectroscopy of ultrafast laser produced plasmas. Line Spread Function measurements indicated a strong improvement of the static image contribution to the temporal resolution compared to the PX1 camera performances [Rev. Sci. Instr. 71, 3627, 2000]. Furthermore a much higher dc extraction field can now be sustained at the photocathode-acceleration slit region. The FX1 camera has been successfully operated in various experimental conditions. An upper limit of the temporal response of the FX1 has been measured in the keV x-ray range in single shot mode with a laser-based x-ray source (2keV) having a duration (FWHM) of 1.4 ps. The FX1 camera has also been coupled to photoconductive switches and testesd in accumulation mode [Rev. Sci. Instr. 73, 1617, 2002] with VUV light produced with the 1 kHz Ti:sapphire laser of the CELIA. A newly assembled test-bench is now currently used at INRS for the characterisation of streak cameras in both single-shot and accumulation mode with the 10Hz Ti:sapphire laser of INRS.
Published: 2004
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