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21 results on '"Armin Karcher"'

1. Installation of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument at the Mayall 4-meter telescope

Author

Michael Schubnell, John B. Donaldson, Gregory Tarle, Pat Jelinsky, Michael Hawes, David J. Brooks, Francisco Prada, Daniel Pappalardo, Bob Stupak, Michael Levi, Derek Guenther, Parker Fagrelius, Armin Karcher, G. Gutierrez, Ashley J. Ross, C. Baltay, Patrick Dunlop, K. Honscheid, David Sprayberry, Enrique Gaztanaga, William V. Shourt, Robert Besuner, Kai Zhang, Yutong Duan, Ray M. Sharples, Christophe Magneville, Andrew Peter Doel, Matt Evatt, Lori Allen, Joseph H. Silber, P. H. Carton, Paul Martini, Jerry Edelstein, Robert Marshall, Claire Poppett, Richard R. Joyce, Martin Landriau, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Optical fiber, multi-object spectrograph, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Baryon, Mayall, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Primary mirror, DESI, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], dark energy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Serrurier truss, Physics, Instrument control, BAO, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Hour angle, laser tracker, Cardinal point, Laser tracker, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment that will measure the expansion history of the Universe using the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation technique. The spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars over 14000 square degrees will be measured during the life of the experiment. We describe the installation of the major elements of the instrument at the Mayall 4m telescope, completed in late 2019. The previous prime focus corrector, spider vanes, and upper rings were removed from the Mayall’s Serrurier truss and replaced with the newlyconstructed DESI ring, vanes, cage, hexapod, and optical corrector. The new corrector was optically aligned with the primary mirror using a laser tracker system. The DESI focal plane system was integrated to the corrector, with each of its ten 500-fiber-positioner petal segments installed using custom installation hardware and the laser tracker. Ten DESI spectrographs with 30 cryostats were installed in a newly assembled clean room in the Large Coude Room. The ten cables carrying 5000 optical fibers from the positioners in the focal plane were routed down the telescope through cable wraps at the declination and hour angle axes, and their integral slitheads were integrated with the ten spectrographs. The fiber view camera assembly was installed to the Mayall’s primary mirror cell. Servers for the instrument control system replaced existing computer equipment. The fully integrated instrument has been commissioned and is ready to start its operations phase.

Published
2021

2. Mosaic3: a red-sensitive upgrade for the prime focus camera at the Mayall 4m telescope

Author

David J. Schlegel, Bob Stupak, Armin Karcher, Chris Bebek, John B. Donaldson, Dick Joyce, David Rabinowitz, Dustin Lang, Philip N. Daly, Michael Levi, Bob Marshall, F. Valdes, Lori Allen, Bob Blum, David Sprayberry, Arjun Dey, C. Baltay, Will Emmet, M. Fitzpatrick, Heidi Schweiker, Behzad Abareshi, and Tom Hurteau

Subjects
Physics, Galactic astronomy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Astronomical survey, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, law.invention, Telescope, Upgrade, Sky, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, Baryon acoustic oscillations, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is under construction and will be used to measure the expansion history of the Universe using the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) technique and the growth of structure using redshift-space distortions (RSD). The spectra of 30 million galaxies over 14000 sq deg will be measured over the course of the experiment. In order to provide spectroscopic targets for the DESI survey, we are carrying out a three-band (g,r,z ) imaging survey of the sky using the NOAO 4-m telescopes at Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) and the Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory (CTIO). At KPNO, we will use an upgraded version of the Mayall 4m telescope prime focus camera, Mosaic3, to carry out a z-band survey of the Northern Galactic Cap at declinations δ≥+30 degrees. By equipping an existing Dewar with four 4kx4k fully depleted CCDs manufactured by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), we increased the z-band throughput of the system by a factor of 1.6. These devices have the thickest active area fielded at a telescope. The Mosaic3 z-band survey will be complemented by g-band and r-band observations using the Bok telescope and 90 Prime imager on Kitt Peak. We describe the upgrade and performance of the Mosaic3 instrument and the scope of the northern survey.

Published
2016

3. Radiation Tolerance of Fully-Depleted P-Channel CCDs Designed for the SNAP Satellite

Author

Steven E. Holland, William F. Kolbe, J. Saha, Chris Bebek, Kyle S. Dawson, N. A. Roe, J. Emes, Armin Karcher, K. Takasaki, Nicholas P. Palaio, Guobin Wang, and Sharon R. Jelinsky

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Cyclotron, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Electron, law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, P channel, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Radiation tolerance, law, Quantum efficiency, Irradiation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Dark current
Abstract

Thick, fully depleted p-channel charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have been developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). These CCDs have several advantages over conventional thin, n-channel CCDs, including enhanced quantum efficiency and reduced fringing at near-infrared wavelengths and improved radiation tolerance. Here we report results from the irradiation of CCDs with 12.5 and 55 MeV protons at the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron and with 0.1-1 MeV electrons at the LBNL Co60 source. These studies indicate that the LBNL CCDs perform well after irradiation, even in the parameters in which significant degradation is observed in other CCDs: charge transfer efficiency, dark current, and isolated hot pixels. Modeling the radiation exposure over a six-year mission lifetime with no annealing, we expect an increase in dark current of 20 e/pixel/hr, and a degradation of charge transfer efficiency in the parallel direction of 3e-6 and 1e-6 in the serial direction. The dark current is observed to improve with an annealing cycle, while the parallel CTE is relatively unaffected and the serial CTE is somewhat degraded. As expected, the radiation tolerance of the p-channel LBNL CCDs is significantly improved over the conventional n-channel CCDs that are currently employed in space-based telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope., 11 pages, 10 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions

Published
2008

4. The dark energy camera

Author

P. Doel, A. A. Plazas, Kevin Reil, R. H. Schindler, J.-P. Rheault, Douglas L. Tucker, A. Roodman, Armin Karcher, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, L. Beaufore, B. Yanny, G. Gutierrez, R. Schmitt, H. Cease, Marco Bonati, G. Derylo, Katherine Schultz, K. Honscheid, Rebecca A. Bernstein, Curtis Weaverdyck, Robert J. Woods, Eric H. Neilsen, Josh Frieman, Jennifer L. Marshall, R. Flores, M. Jonas, J. Lee, Darren L. DePoy, S.E. Holland, O. Alvarez, Richard G. Kron, Jiangang Hao, John Peoples, H. T. Diehl, Terri Shaw, J. Emes, A. Sypniewski, D. Boprie, Donna Kubik, B. Flaugher, S. E. Kuhlmann, B. Bigelow, Juan Estrada, V. Scarpine, J. M. Cela-Ruiz, Michael Schubnell, R. Angstadt, Cheryl Jackson, David J. James, W. C. Wester, D. A. Finley, J. Rauch, K. Patton, K. Kuehn, Ann Elliott, Alex Drlica-Wagner, N. Palio, A. Lathrop, O. Ballester, F. Munoz, M. Antonik, K. Kuk, D. Huffman, T. M. C. Abbott, J. De Vicente, Ricardo Schmidt, O. Lahav, J. Campa, Michael D. Gladders, Steve Kent, Robert C. Nichol, J. Annis, Mark Kozlovsky, E. J. Sanchez, B. Gregory, G. Wang, Tianjun Li, Steve Chappa, E. Dede, M. G. Watson, C. Cooper, Robert Connon Smith, H. Rogers, Gary Bernstein, Jon J Thaler, Brian Nord, Jamieson Olsen, Natalie A. Roe, C. Tran, Javier Castilla, K. W. Merritt, W. Stuermer, Ramon Miquel, I. Karliner, Francisco J. Castander, G. Martinez, R. Tighe, David J. Brooks, Peter Lewis, G. Tarle, L. N. da Costa, A. Fausti Neto, L. Scott, Laia Cardiel-Sas, S. Serrano, Edward C. Chi, Richard Kessler, Michael Levi, A. Stefanik, E. Suchyta, J. Eiting, Alistair R. Walker, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Scott Holm, P. Schurter, I. Mandrichenko, E. Buckley-Geer, and D. W. Gerdes

Subjects
Cosmology and Gravitation, Aperture, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Noise (electronics), law.invention, Telescope, WNU, Optics, surveys, law, Shutter, photometers [instrumentation], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), STFC, Physics, detectors [instrumentation], Pixel, business.industry, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, observations [cosmology], atlases, Cardinal point, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Focus (optics), catalogs, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The Dark Energy Camera is a new imager with a 2.2-degree diameter field of view mounted at the prime focus of the Victor M. Blanco 4-meter telescope on Cerro Tololo near La Serena, Chile. The camera was designed and constructed by the Dark Energy Survey Collaboration, and meets or exceeds the stringent requirements designed for the wide-field and supernova surveys for which the collaboration uses it. The camera consists of a five element optical corrector, seven filters, a shutter with a 60 cm aperture, and a CCD focal plane of 250 micron thick fully-depleted CCDs cooled inside a vacuum Dewar. The 570 Mpixel focal plane comprises 62 2kx4k CCDs for imaging and 12 2kx2k CCDs for guiding and focus. The CCDs have 15 microns x15 microns pixels with a plate scale of 0.263 arc sec per pixel. A hexapod system provides state-of-the-art focus and alignment capability. The camera is read out in 20 seconds with 6-9 electrons readout noise. This paper provides a technical description of the camera's engineering, construction, installation, and current status., Comment: submitted to AJ Corresponding Authors H. T. Diehl (diehl@fnal.gov)

Published
2015

5. Design and performance of the Elefant digitizer IC for the BaBar drift chamber

Author

H. von der Lippe, S.F. Dow, M. Momayezi, Armin Karcher, David Ando, and M. E. Levi

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, business.industry, Detector, Transistor, Electrical engineering, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Integrated circuit, Flash ADC, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, CMOS, law, Nuclear electronics, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Full custom, business, Electronic circuit
Abstract

A 250,000 transistor full custom integrated circuit for the readout of drift chamber signals has been developed, produced and characterized. The "Elefant" (ELEctronics For Amplitude 'N Timing) Digitizer IC is designed to measure both the charge and the single electron time of arrival of sense wire signals from the BaBar drift chamber. By combining a FADC (flash analog-to-digital converter) and a TDC (time-to-digital converter) for each channel, the digitizer IC can be optimized and simplified, to achieve the physics goals required of the drift chamber while reducing the per channel costs of the electronics. The Elefant IC also implements portions of the BaBar trigger protocols to simplify the connection of the chip to the rest of the BaBar detector. Each IC contains eight complete independent channels. The circuit has been implemented in a 0.8 /spl mu/m triple metal CMOS process and fabricated in production quantity to fully instrument the BaBar drift chamber and are now in operation. Performance results of the IC will be presented.

Published
1999

6. Design and performance of an R-θ fiber positioner for the BigBOSS instrument

Author

Armin Karcher, Paul Perry, K. Wilson, P. Jelinsky, C. Schenk, Mario Cepeda, H. Heetderks, Rodney Post, Michael Sholl, Frederic Becker, Thomas Johnson, Robert Besuner, Jerry Edelstein, Zengxaing Zhou, Chris Bebek, E. Anderssen, and Joseph H. Silber

Subjects
Optical fiber, Computer science, business.industry, Kinematics, Redshift, law.invention, Power (physics), Telescope, Optics, law, Eccentric, Polar, business, Spectrograph, Envelope (motion)
Abstract

The BigBOSS instrument is a proposed multi-object spectrograph for the Mayall 4m telescope at Kitt Peak, which will measure the redshift of 20 million galaxies and map the expansion history of the universe over the past 8 billion years, surveying 10-20 times the volume of existing studies. For each 20 minute observation, 5000 optical fibers are individually positioned by a close-packed array of 5000 robotic positioner mechanisms. Key mechanical constraints on the positioners are: o12mm hardware envelope, o14mm overlapping patrol zones, open-loop targeting accuracy ≤ 40μm, and step resolution ≤ 5μm, among other requirements on envelope, power, stability, and speed. This paper describes the design and performance of a newly-developed fiber positioner with R-θ polar kinematics, in which a flexure-based linear R-axis is stacked on a rotational θ-axis. Benefits over the usual eccentric parallel axis θ-φ kinematic approach include faster repositioning, simplified anti-collision schemes, and inherent anti-backlash preload. Performance results are given for complete positioner assemblies as well as sub-component hardware characterization.

Published
2012

7. Design of low-noise output amplifiers for P-channel charge-coupled devices fabricated on high-resistivity silicon

Author

Armin Karcher, S.E. Holland, Y. Yu, R. Frost, G. Wang, F. Dion, Natalie A. Roe, S. Haque, R. Groulx, and William F. Kolbe

Subjects
Materials science, FET amplifier, business.industry, Amplifier, Transistor, Low-noise amplifier, law.invention, law, Current sense amplifier, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Linear amplifier, Optoelectronics, Instrumentation amplifier, business, Direct-coupled amplifier
Abstract

We describe the design and optimization of low-noise, single-stage output amplifiers for p-channel charge-coupled devices (CCDs) used for scientific applications in astronomy and other fields. The CCDs are fabricated on highresistivity, 4000-5000 Ω-cm, n-type silicon substrates. Single-stage amplifiers with different output structure designs and technologies have been characterized. The standard output amplifier is designed with an n+ polysilicon gate that has a metal connection to the sense node. In an effort to lower the output amplifier readout noise by minimizing the capacitance seen at the sense node, buried-contact technology has been investigated. In this case, the output transistor has a p+ polysilicon gate that connects directly to the p+ sense node. Output structures with buried-contact areas as small as 2 μm × 2 μm are characterized. In addition, the geometry of the source-follower transistor was varied, and we report test results on the conversion gain and noise of the various amplifier structures. By use of buried-contact technology, better amplifier geometry, optimization of the amplifier biases and improvements in the test electronics design, we obtain a 45% reduction in noise, corresponding to 1.7 e- rms at 70 kpixels/sec.

Published
2012

8. The BABAR Physics Book: Physics at an Asymmetric B Factory

Author

B.F.L. Ward, D.A. Roberts, Stefan Kluth, David Atwood, P. N. Y. David, V. Suraiya, E. I. Rosenberg, C. T. Day, A. A. Salnikov, F. Anulli, S. Dittongo, Armin Karcher, Jonathan M. Flynn, M. Benkebil, Kalelkar, Stephen F. Schaffner, G. Carlino, M.E. Levi, V. Savinov, C. P. Jessop, M. K. Sullivan, Fabio Morsani, M. Rotondo, N. Regnault, R. Aleksan, G. De Nardo, S. S. Hertzbach, J. Va’vra, A. I. McNab, Ralph Müller-Pfefferkorn, Herbert Koch, C. Lu, D. Judd, M. Turri, G. Lynch, Gerhard Buchalla, M. L. Kocian, A. DeSilva, Tom Rizzo, A. M. Eisner, Janice Button-Shafer, G. R. Bonneaud, Y. u. G. Kolomensky, K.C. Moffeit, R. H. Schindler, J. Dorfan, J. M. Bauer, L. M. Cremaldi, L. Piemontese, A. M. Boyarski, R. Bartoldus, Zongfu Yu, Alyssa Garcia, G. Hamel de Monchenault, R. S. Panvini, D.H. Coward, G. Zioulas, H. Yu, A. Asmone, D. Falciai, D. J. B. Smith, F. Zhang, P.P. Xie, J. A. Nash, M. Lo Vetere, Stefano Mazzoni, J. M. Bishop, D. Fujino, Ikaros I.Y. Bigi, A. Mass, Zoltan Ligeti, Paola Grosso, G. Finocchiaro, V. Luth, D. G. Hitlin, P. Rankin, G. Castelli, Krisztian Peters, J. Pavlovich, R.D. Peccei, M. V. Purohit, D. Renner, T. Dignan, Francesco Lanni, P. Strother, F. Forti, M. Verderi, Ph Leruste, A. Khan, E. Tetteh-Lartey, J. Albert, E. Chen, B. Stugu, E. Gabathuler, T. Schalk, R. M. Bionta, A. Stahl, G. Wormser, A.K. McKemey, R. Kroeger, W. R. Innes, C. Evangelista, W.A. Wenzel, C. Gatto, B. Mayer, F. C. Porter, D. B. MacFarlane, C.T. Sachrajda, P.L. Anthony, J. Brose, A. B. Meyer, A. Snyder, T.J. Champion, A. Calcaterra, C. Roat, X. C. Lou, F. Costantini, D. P. Stoker, O. Hamon, Laurent Lellouch, R.G. Alsmiller, D. Wyler, H. Lan, Willem G. J. Langeveld, U. Nauenberg, J. O. Nielsen, P.A. Hart, O. Pene, D. Su, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, M. Carpinelli, Valerio Re, G. Triggiani, B.B. Naranjo, W. Dunwoodie, T. A. Gabriel, A. Samuel, M. Piccolo, Tiehui Liu, A. Valassi, S. Chuniv, N. A. Roe, G. P. Dubois-Felsmann, A. Trunov, G. Batignani, Ren-Yuan Zhu, G. Blaylock, A.S. Dighe, Reinhold Rückl, R. Faccini, F. Ferrarotto, A. J. Lankford, C. Dallapiccola, H. Marsiske, Randall P. Johnson, R. N. Cahn, H. Krieg, R. M. Martin, Maria Roberta Monge, D. R. Johnson, C.G. Boyd, F. Le Diberder, G. Vasileiadis, T. Himel, C. A. Heusch, J. Allison, S. F. Ganzhur, C. LeClerc, Marcel Kunze, D.E. Dorfan, M. Mandelkern, L. Martin, A. Bajic, J. D. Richman, W. S. Lockman, W. J. Wisniewski, L.S. Rochester, Luca Silvestrini, V. E. Blinov, B. Camanzi, F. Dal Corso, Giorgi, G. Michelon, N. Dyce, S. J. Yellin, A. Hasan, M. T. Ronan, J. M. Roney, David London, Luca Lista, E. Lamanna, G. Dahlinger, Q. Fan, Andreas Hoecker, D. A. Sanders, M. R. Convery, J. G. Smith, Crisostomo Sciacca, D. Aston, E.P. Potter, G. Rizzo, L. Lanceri, Guido Martinelli, R. Pitthan, W. Yang, N. De Groot, P. J. Oddone, D. W. G. S. Leith, D.P. Coupal, Michael Doser, R. Zaliznyak, A. Walkden, D. Fong, E. Mandelli, I. M. Peruzzi, Peter Elmer, C. Hast, G. Piredda, N. Copty, M. Morii, E. Charles, Yuval Grossman, G. Calderini, K. T. McDonald, Pierluigi Paolucci, N. Savvas, R. W. Kadel, Benjamin Grinstein, C. Hearty, R. Kerth, J. L. Wittlin, V.V. Serbo, Marco Pallavicini, F. Galeazzi, M. Turcotte, M. Mugge, A. Firestone, Sridhara Dasu, Alexey A. Petrov, D. J. Summers, J.H. Cooke, Mark B. Wise, I. Adam, M. Munson, B. N. Ratcliff, S. I. Serednyakov, F. Bianchi, Laura Reina, A. de Lesquen, Sh. Rahatlou, Alessandra Forti, T. J. Brandt, M. Pripstein, A. Perazzo, V. I. Telnov, M. Milek, Enrico Robutti, R. Prepost, N. D. Qi, R. Schwierz, K. van Bibber, Lodovico Ratti, Jeremy A. Johnson, M. Folegani, A. Palano, W. D. Shephard, A. Romosan, P.F. Jacques, J.H. Weatherall, Russell S. Hamilton, R. R. Kofler, D. Zanin, P. C. Kim, A. Eppich, B. Foster, F. Palombo, Vivek Sharma, Ingrid U. Scott, D. E. Wagoner, W. Orejudos, G. Cavoto, C. C. Buchanan, Brad Abbott, David Nathan Brown, B. DiGirolamo, H. L. Lynch, P. J. Clark, Michael C. Carroll, R. G. Jacobsen, Y. Guo, G. Vuagnin, M. Lusignoli, A. Romero, W. T. Meyer, M. Prest, C. L. Davis, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, R. Vitale, F.E. Close, R. Gamet, Stephen J. McMahon, Francesca Borzumati, T. S. Mattison, Helen R. Quinn, E. A. Kravchenko, M. Weaver, Thomas Mannel, P. D. Dauncey, R. Baldini-Ferroli, M. Haire, Jayashree Roy, K. Paick, Robert Wilson, A. Pugliese, Hartmut Sadrozinski, D. Kirkby, G. Vasseur, Roland Bernet, G.C. Branco, Daniel A. Bauer, M. M. Macri, A. Leona, J.L. Hewett, A. Jawahery, V.G. Shelkov, A. Gaidot, Andrew J. Martin, Michael S. Witherell, T.L. Geld, C. H. Cheng, J.F. Kral, P.D. Barnes, F. F. Wilson, A. R. Clark, G. P. Gopal, S. Emery, S. Playfer, N. M. Cason, J. R. Fry, C. P. O'Grady, S. J. Patton, G. Manzin, T.I. Meyer, A. P. Onuchin, C. Patrignani, U. Mallik, R. Contri, G.P. Chen, V. Tisserand, A. V. Telnov, P. Kunz, W.G. Yan, Matthias Neubert, A. R. Buzykaev, R. de Sangro, V. Lepeltier, H.A. Tanaka, Giovanni Crosetti, J. A. Kadyk, M. Benayoun, D. Boutigny, D. H. Wright, S. Ren, C. Voci, M.P. Worah, V. M. Braun, S. Bettarini, Franco Buccella, S. Fahey, W. H. Toki, C. C. Young, B. Spaan, Jérôme Charles, M. Falbo-Kenkel, J.D. McFall, Patricia Ball, T. Glanzman, H. Briand, H. Mao, D.L. Wagner, A. D. Bukin, A. Zallo, G.L. Godfrey, N. Cavallo, Donghui Li, R. Seitz, Stéphane Plaszczynski, H. Zobernig, Alexander L. Kagan, James D. Wells, A. A. Grillo, C. Touramanis, T. Pulliam, G. W. London, A. B. Breon, A. Masiero, A. W. Borgland, M.G. Pia, A. Woch, V. Zacek, F. Ferroni, O. Wen, Gabriella Sciolla, G. Grosdidier, J. Beringer, J. Schwiening, Frank Gaede, T.L. Hall, N. Kuznetsova, M. Rama, Andris Skuja, J. J. Walsh, J. A. McKenna, A. Tumanov, Fernando Dutra, Valery Pozdnyakov, P. Poropat, G. S. Abrams, I. Dunietz, Anders Ryd, Michael Steinke, S. Morganti, Z. W. Yin, A. J.R. Weinstein, Giulia Ricciardi, G. D. Lafferty, P. M. Patel, A. M. Lutz, S. J. Gowdy, J. Lory, Stephen Robert Wagner, C. Cretsinger, M. Bondioli, A. J. S. Smith, Sau Lan Wu, M. George, N. Paver, I. De Bonis, K. R. Schubert, D. Guetta, J. W. Lamsa, J. Chauveau, G. Simi, H. B. Crawley, Y. S. Zhu, H. Schmücker, E. Vallazza, Alexander Khodjamirian, G. Della Ricca, Sokoloff, E.D. Frank, A. Frey, David Norvil Brown, P. C. Bloom, M.N. Kreisler, Y. B. Pan, Richard Mount, R. Kowalewski, Enrico Nardi, G. Musolino, Y. Nir, K. Lingel, M. Marino, Jane S. Tinslay, C. C. Zhang, J.J. Reidy, Craig R. Wuest, T.J. Pavel, B. Franek, L. Keller, G. De Domenico, M. H. Kelsey, Robert Fleischer, D. R. Quarrie, M. Morandin, C. Yeche, R. Waldi, E. Roussot, Lydia Roos, A. Vitelli, M. Morganti, J. Secrest, D. R. Muller, J. Ohnemus, J.C. Andress, M. H. Schune, G. Burdman, M. Zito, P. Sanders, Owen Rosser Long, A. Seiden, R. Stroili, A. A. Korol, R. K. Yamamoto, J. J. Back, Remi Lafaye, S. Versille, C. Thiebaux, C. Campagnari, M. G. Green, M. Zhao, S. Mettarini, L. Gladney, Amarjit Soni, B. T. Meadows, J. M. LoSecco, L. Behr, G. Raven, P. R. Burchat, L. Oliver, Y. Zheng, R. Parodi, Adam F. Falk, K. T. Flood, V. Miftakov, D. Silverman, N. I. Geddes, C.S. Sutton, J. L. Narjoux, G. Eigen, R. Kapur, E. W. Varnes, J. G. Branson, D. Gamba, W. Zhao, S. Devmal, Y. Karyotakis, C. De La Vaissiere, R. L. Malchow, V. N. Ivanchenko, V. Speziali, Mossadek Talby, P. F. Harrison, P.F. Manfredi, W. T. Ford, X. Shi, Tim Adye, Philip Colangelo, A. Le Yaouanc, G. Mancinelli, J. L. Harton, Yu. I. Skovpen, B. Lewandowski, Davide Piccolo, F. Bulos, Ulrich Nierste, A. Soffer, E. Mirkes, R.J. Plano, A. Mokhtarani, A. Santroni, A. Lusiani, K.G. Baird, Fabian Zomer, Antonio Pich, J. M. Izen, H. Nicholson, E. Nehrlich, L. Del Buono, K. Hall, D. S. Yan, Jens H. Kuhn, S. Yang, Francesco Fabozzi, J. Trischuk, R. Messner, M. Ciuchini, C.S. Lin, V. Eschenburg, P. Taras, A. Lu, Elliott D. Bloom, Scott D. Metzler, L. Bosisio, R. C. W. Henderson, Ulrik Egede, R. Cowan, Y.Y. Keum, Corrado Angelini, A. Smol, J. Martin, B. A. Schumm, Gino Isidori, A. Buzzo, R. J. Barlow, Sercan Sen, M. Posocco, and F. De Fazio

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, law, Form factor (quantum field theory), CP violation, BaBar experiment, Particle accelerator, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, B-factory
Abstract

Results of a year-long workshop devoted to a review of the physics opportunities of the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II B Factory, at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center laboratory are presented.

Published
2010

9. Radiation Tolerance of High-Resistivity LBNL CCDs

Author

K. Takasaki, Kyle S. Dawson, N. Palaio, William F. Kolbe, Armin Karcher, Guobin Wang, Chris Bebek, Natalie A. Roe, J.H. Ernes, S.E. Holland, and Sharon R. Jelinsky

Subjects
Physics, Point spread function, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Cyclotron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, Radiation tolerance, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Irradiation, business, Charge transfer efficiency, Dark current
Abstract

Thick, fully-depleted p-channel charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have been developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). These CCDs have several advantages over conventional n-channel CCDs, including enhanced quantum efficiency and reduced fringing at near-infrared wavelengths, a small point spread function, and improved radiation tolerance. Here we report results from the irradiation of CCDs with 12.5 and 55 MeV protons at the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron. These studies indicate that the CCDs still perform well after irradiation, even in the parameters in which significant degradation is expected: charge transfer efficiency, dark current, and isolated hot pixels. As expected, the radiation tolerance of the LBNL CCDs is significantly improved over conventional n-channel CCDs currently employed in space-based telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).

Published
2006

10. Quantum efficiency characterization of back-illuminated CCDs: Part II. Reflectivity measurements

Author

Donald E. Groom, Armin Karcher, Chris Bebek, Natalie A. Roe, and Maximilian Fabricius

Subjects
Physics, Optical fiber, business.industry, law.invention, Photodiode, Optical path, Signal-to-noise ratio, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, Charge-coupled device, business, Optical path length, Monochromator
Abstract

The usual quantum efficiency (QE) measurement heavily relies on a calibrated photodiode (PD) and the knowledge of the CCDs gain. Either can introduce significant systematic errors. But reflectivity can also be used to verify QE measurements. 1 - R > QE, where R is the reflectivity, and over a significant wavelength range, 1 - R = QE. An unconventional reflectometer has been developed to make this measurement. R is measured in two steps, using light from the lateral monochromator port via an optical fiber. The beam intensity is measured directly with aPD, then both the PD and CCD are moved so that the optical path length is unchanged and the light reflects once from the CCD; the PD current ratio gives R. Unlike traditional schemes this approach makes only one reflection from the CCD surface. Since the reflectivity of the LBNL CCDs might be as low as 2 percent this increases the signal to noise ratio dramatically. The goal is a 1 percent accuracy. We obtain good agreement between 1 - R and the direct QE results.

Published
2006

11. Quantum efficiency characterization of LBNL CCD's: Part I. The quantum efficiency machine

Author

Armin Karcher, Donald E. Groom, Jens Steckert, William F. Kolbe, Chris Bebek, Natalie A. Roe, and Maximilian Fabricius

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Instrumentation, Light scattering, Photodiode, law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, Integrating sphere, law, Shutter, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, business, Monochromator
Abstract

Instrumentation was developed in 2004 and 2005 to measure the quantum efficiency of the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) total-depletion CCD's, intended for astronomy and space applications. This paper describes the basic instrument. Although it is conventional even to the parts list, there are important innovations. A xenon arc light source was chosen for its high blue/UV and low red/IR output as compared with a tungsten light. Intensity stabilization has been difficult, but since only flux ratios matter this is not critical. Between the light source and an Oriel MS257 monochromator are a shutter and two filter wheels. High-bandpass and low-bandpass filter pairs isolate the 150-nm wide bands appropriate to the wavelength, thus minimizing scattered light and providing order blocking. Light from the auxiliary port enters a 20-inch optical sphere, and the 4-inch output port is at right angles to the input port. An 80 cm drift space produces near-uniform illumination on the CCD. Next to the cold CCD inside the horizontal dewar is a calibrated reference photodiode which is regulated to the PD calibration temperature, 25° C. The ratio of the CCD and in-dewar reference PD signals provides the QE measurement. Additional cross-calibration to a PD on the integrating sphere permits lower-intensity exposures.

Published
2006

12. Integrating Signal Processing and A/D CONVERSION in One Focal Plane Mounted ASIC

Author

Markus Redelstab, Brad Krieger, Armin Karcher, Hendrik von der Lippe, Jean Pierre Walder, Chris Bebek, and Maximilian Fabricius

Subjects
Physics, Signal processing, business.industry, Pipeline (computing), Electrical engineering, Astrophysics, Chip, Photodiode, law.invention, Cardinal point, Application-specific integrated circuit, law, Electronic engineering, Signal integrity, business, Voltage reference
Abstract

Author(s): Karcher, Armin; Bebek, Chris J.; Fabricius, Maximilian; Krieger, Brad; Lippe, Henrik vd; Redelstab, Marcus; Walder, Jean-Peirre | Abstract: The CRIC (CCD Readout IC) ASIC has been designed to meet the power, space and radiation requirements of the SNAP satellite. It incorporates four channels consisting of a pre-amplifier, double correlated sampler and pipeline A/D converter with integrated voltage reference. The CRIC chip has been specifically designed to operate both at room temperature and at typical focal plane temperatures down to 130K. This minimizes wiring complexity while maintaining signal integrity on complex focal planes. CRIC is half of a two ASIC CCD readout system; the other ASIC in development is a bias and clock voltage generator. Also in development, are 16 and 32 channel versions of CRIC for use with hybrid photodiode and near infrared pixel arrays.

Published
2006

13. Probing Dark Energy via Weak Gravitational Lensing with the SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP)

Author

Greg Aldering, M. Hoff, Ralph C. Bohlin, S. L. Mufson, Andrew Szymkowiak, L. Gladney, O. Le Fevre, D. Cole, Nick Mostek, N. Palaio, Susana E. Deustua, Wolfgang Lorenzon, P. Limon, M. L. Lampton, Dragan Huterer, Scott Dodelson, N. Kuznetsova, Alain Mazure, H. Shuka, S. T. Holland, F. Stabenau, Josh Frieman, Roger Smith, Guofeng Wang, T. Davies, B. Besuner, Martin White, A. Weinstein, Roger F. Malina, Jason Rhodes, J. Annis, R. Lafever, G. Kushner, J. Albert, H. Lin, Saul Perlmutter, Lars Bergström, G. Smadja, R. Pain, Eric V. Linder, B. Krieger, John Peoples, A. D. Tomasch, B. Bigelow, J. Musser, Peter Nugent, A. Refregier, William W. Craig, L. Marian, H. von der Lippe, Michael Seiffert, D. E. Groom, Keith Taylor, Timothy A. McKay, Eric Prieto, Chris Bebek, C. R. Bower, D. Peterson, Albert Stebbins, G. Tarle, Stephen Bailey, J. I. Lamoureux, Christopher Stoughton, J.-P. Walder, F. DeJongh, Alex G. Kim, W. Emmet, Eugene D. Commins, V. Scarpine, M. Frerking, Gary Bernstein, A. Goobar, Douglas L. Tucker, Michael Schubnell, C. T. Day, Andre Tilquin, D. Figer, Shawn McKee, Edvard Mörtsell, Rahman Amanullah, M. Deharveng, Dominique Fouchez, W. C. Wester, D. Rabinowitz, M.E. Huffer, R. Nakajima, J. Snyder, T. Dobson, Armin Karcher, Stéphane Basa, Michael L. Brown, David H. Pankow, Steven E. Kahn, Anne Ealet, C. Juramy, Steve Kent, A. S. Fruchter, S. C. Loken, G. Goldhaber, Bhuvnesh Jain, Alain Bonissent, M. Aumeunier, Philip J. Marshall, J. P. Marriner, M. E. Levi, E. Barrelet, P. Jelinsky, Michael Sholl, A. L. Spadafora, L. Hui, T. Diehl, B. Mcginnis, Richard Ellis, B. Mobqsher, V. Lebrun, S. Allam, William Carithers, George F. Smoot, Richard Massey, Roger Blandford, Pierre Astier, W. Althouse, William F. Kolbe, D. W. Gerdes, D. Rusin, Natalie A. Roe, Ramon Miquel, N. Morgan, H. Heetderks, Manfred Bester, D. Vincent, M. Campbell, C. Baltay, Hakeem M. Oluseyi, Flores, Sylvie, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), SNAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Point spread function, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Weak gravitational lensing, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Redshift, Galaxy, Supernova, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Dark energy, Joint Dark Energy Mission
Abstract

SNAP is a candidate for the Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) that seeks to place constraints on the dark energy using two distinct methods. The first, Type Ia SN, is discussed in a companion white paper. The second method is weak gravitational lensing, which relies on the coherent distortions in the shapes of background galaxies by foreground mass structures. The excellent spatial resolution and photometric accuracy afforded by a 2-meter space-based observatory are crucial for achieving the high surface density of resolved galaxies, the tight control of systematic errors in the telescope's Point Spread Function (PSF), and the exquisite redshift accuracy and depth required by this project. These are achieved by the elimination of atmospheric distortion and much of the thermal and gravity loads on the telescope. The SN and WL methods for probing dark energy are highly complementary and the error contours from the two methods are largely orthogonal., 17 pages, 6 figures; White paper to the Dark Energy Task Force

Published
2005

14. SNAP telescope: an update

Author

Ralph C. Bohlin, D. Fouchez, Edvard Mörtsell, Robert Besuner, Alex G. Kim, J. Bercovitz, Nick Mostek, Michael H. Krim, Armin Karcher, Michael Schubnell, Myron Campbell, Keith Taylor, William Carithers, Alain Mazure, S. Mufson, William Emmett, Charles R. Bower, Eric V. Linder, Michael Levi, Rahman Amanullah, N. Morgan, J. A. Musser, Carl W. Akerlof, R. Lafever, Stéphane Basa, Timothy A. McKay, Guobin Wang, George F. Smoot, Henrik von der Lippe, Ariel Goobar, Peter Nugent, D. Vincent, Donald E. Groom, Pierre Astier, Daniel Levin, Jean-Pierre Walder, William E. Johnston, N. Palaio, Susana E. Deustua, William F. Kolbe, J. I. Lamoureux, Gary Berstein, J.F. Genat, Ramon Miquel, Stephen Holland, David H. Pankow, J. Snyder, H. Heetderks, Saul Perlmutter, Andre Tilquin, M. Eriksson, S. C. Loken, E. Barrelet, Greg Aldering, G. Smadja, R. W. Kadel, C. Baltay, Richard S. Ellis, Chris Bebek, Hakeem M. Oluseyi, David Rabinowitz, Dragan Huterer, Jason Rhodes, Andrew Szymkowiak, Manfred Bester, Lars Bergström, C. T. Day, Roger Smith, Eugene D. Commins, Reynald Pain, A. L. Spadafora, G. Goldhaber, Shawn McKee, Roger F. Malina, Andrew S. Fruchter, A. D. Tomasch, Anne Ealet, Gregory Tarle, R. DiGennaro, Alain Bonissent, Alexandre Refregier, Michael Sholl, Eric Prieto, Natalie A. Roe, Oliver LeFevre, Michael Lampton, and MacEwen, Howard A.

Subjects
Physics, Wavefront, business.industry, Stray light, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Anastigmat, Astronomy, Three-mirror anastigmat, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Orbital mechanics, Redshift, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Adaptive optics, business, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the baseline telescope design for the telescope for the SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) space mission. SNAP’s purpose is to determine expansion history of the Universe by measuring the redshifts, magnitudes, and spectral classifications of thousands of supernovae with unprecedented accuracy. Discovering and measuring these supernovae demand both a wide optical field and a high sensitivity throughout the visible and near IR wavebands. We have adopted the annular-field three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) telescope configuration, whose classical aberrations (including chromatic) are zero. We show a preliminary optmechanical design that includes important features for stray light control and on-orbit adjustment and alignment of the optics. We briefly discuss stray light and tolerance issues, and present a preliminary wavefront error budget for the SNAP Telescope. We conclude by describing some of the design tasks being carried out during the current SNAP research and development phase.

Published
2004

15. Weak lensing from space I: instrumentation and survey strategy

Author

S. Harris, H. von der Lippe, Dominique Fouchez, Lars Bergström, C. T. Day, Alex G. Kim, B. Bigelow, Chris Bebek, Myron Campbell, A. L. Spadafora, Saul Perlmutter, Eric Prieto, R. Pratt, M. L. Lampton, S.E. Holland, G. Smadja, A. S. Fruchter, Armin Karcher, B. Krieger, J.-P. Walder, N. Morgan, Gary Bernstein, Peter Nugent, C. Baltay, Eric V. Linder, Shawn McKee, Ariel Goobar, Justin Albert, William E. Johnston, Timothy A. McKay, Hakeem M. Oluseyi, N. Palaio, Susana E. Deustua, Greg Aldering, J. Bercovitz, Nick Mostek, George F. Smoot, David Rabinowitz, Roger F. Malina, Pierre Astier, David Bacon, Keith Taylor, C. R. Bower, William F. Kolbe, R. Lafever, Andrew Szymkowiak, H. Heetderks, David H. Pankow, A. D. Tomasch, G. Kushner, J. A. Musser, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Peter Harvey, D. Rusin, Natalie A. Roe, W. Emmet, Anne Ealet, Roger Smith, S. C. Loken, Ramon Miquel, Edvard Mörtsell, Gerson Goldhaber, E. Barrelet, R. DiGennaro, Alain Bonissent, M. E. Levi, Andre Tilquin, S. L. Mufson, Alexandre Refregier, M. Eriksson, Michael Sholl, Manfred Bester, Richard S. Ellis, Bhuvnesh Jain, D. W. Gerdes, William Carithers, Richard Massey, L. Gladney, D. Vincent, Guofeng Wang, Alain Mazure, Michael Schubnell, Carl W. Akerlof, Rahman Amanullah, Eugene D. Commins, Reynald Pain, Donald E. Groom, J. F. Genat, K. Robinson, Gregory Tarle, Dragan Huterer, Michael E. Brown, J. I. Lamoureux, Ralph C. Bohlin, J. Snyder, N. Kuznetsova, Jason Rhodes, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Mathematics [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Engineering [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Dispositifs et Instrumentation en Optoélectronique et micro-ondes (DIOM), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Zhejiang University, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, DIOM (DIOM), and Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)

Subjects
Point spread function, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, law.invention, Telescope, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Spitzer Space Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Dark energy, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Weak gravitational lensing, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supernova
Abstract

A wide field space-based imaging telescope is necessary to fully exploit the technique of observing dark matter via weak gravitational lensing. This first paper in a three part series outlines the survey strategies and relevant instrumental parameters for such a mission. As a concrete example of hardware design, we consider the proposed Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP). Using SNAP engineering models, we quantify the major contributions to this telescope's Point Spread Function (PSF). These PSF contributions are relevant to any similar wide field space telescope. We further show that the PSF of SNAP or a similar telescope will be smaller than current ground-based PSFs, and more isotropic and stable over time than the PSF of the Hubble Space Telescope. We outline survey strategies for two different regimes - a ``wide'' 300 square degree survey and a ``deep'' 15 square degree survey that will accomplish various weak lensing goals including statistical studies and dark matter mapping., 25 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, replaced with Published Version

Published
2004

16. First-year experience with the BaBar silicon vertex tracker

Author

C. Hast, M. Bondioli, I. Defendi, M. Wilder, E. Charles, G. Calderini, D. A. Roberts, A. M. Eisner, G. Giraudo, F. Sandrelli, Francesco Lanni, Alessandra Romero, M. Folegani, A. B. Breon, Nicola Neri, K. Hall, F. Palombo, Vivek Sharma, W. Kroeger, J. May, D. Zanin, Filippo Bosi, Owen Rosser Long, E. Brenna, W. Orejudos, A. Seiden, R. P. Johnson, G. Vuagnin, G. Lynch, Corrado Angelini, J. J. Walsh, A. Smol, Brad Abbott, V. Carassiti, M. Pedrali-Noy, J. R. Schieck, M. Turri, Wouter Verkerke, C. Bozzi, S. Bettarini, D. Barni, Alberto Lusiani, Q. Fan, D. Gamba, Alexander Grillo, S. Dittongo, G. Della Ricca, Matteo Rama, Danilo Giugni, E. Paoloni, L. Bosisio, A. Frey, Paola Grosso, P. Poropat, A. R. Clark, R. Vitale, A. Profeti, S. L. Levy, A. Perazzo, Marcella Bona, J. D. Richman, C. Roat, E. Mandelli, N. Kuznetsova, G. Rizzo, C. H. Cheng, P.F. Manfredi, P.P. Trapani, S.F. Dow, E.N. Spencer, M. Nyman, I.J. Scott, Mario Giorgi, S. Tritto, I. Rashevskaia, P.A. Hart, Daniel E. Hale, A. Pompili, Michael S. Witherell, M. Prest, M. E. Levi, Wolfgang Walkowiak, F. Bianchi, Patricia R. Burchat, L. Luo, A. Cotta Ramusino, A. Eppich, L. T. Kerth, P. Mammini, Natalie A. Roe, I. Kipnis, Armin Karcher, T. Pulliam, L. Piemontese, D. Kirkby, L. Lanceri, J. Nielsen, S. Kyre, S. Burke, W.A. Rowe, M. Carpinelli, J. Beringer, M. Morganti, D. Callahan, G. Batignani, G. Zizka, Gabriele Simi, C. Rastelli, B. Dahmes, G. Rampino, Fabio Morsani, P. Luft, Claudio Campagnari, Stefan Kluth, F. Forti, A. Leona, R. E. Schmitz, B. Di Girolamo, Peter Elmer, W. S. Lockman, H. Zobernig, T. I. Meyer, C. Hernikl, F. Daudo, M. Grothe, E.P. Potter, D. Gagliardi, F. Goozen, V. Vaniev, Valerio Re, G. Triggiani, A. C. Forti, E. Vallazza, Bozzia, C, Carassiti, V, Ramusino, A, Dittongo, S, Folegani, M, Piemontese, L, Abbott, B, Breon, A, Clark, A, Dow, S, Fan, Q, Goozen, F, Hernikl, C, Karcher, A, Kerth, L, Kipnis, I, Kluth, S, Lynch, G, Levi, M, Luft, P, Luo, L, Nyman, M, Pedrali Noy, M, Roe, N, Zizka, G, Roberts, D, Schieck, J, Barni, D, Brenna, E, Defendi, I, Forti, A, Giugni, D, Lanni, F, Palombo, F, Vaniev, V, Leona, A, Mandelli, E, Manfredi, P, Perazzo, A, Re, V, Angelini, C, Batignani, G, Bettarini, S, Bondioli, M, Bosi, F, Calderini, G, Carpinelli, M, Forti, F, Gagliardi, D, Giorgi, M, Lusiani, A, Mammini, P, Morganti, M, Morsani, F, Neri, N, Paoloni, E, Profeti, A, Rama, M, Rampino, G, Rizzo, G, Sandrelli, F, Simi, G, Triggiani, G, Tritto, S, Vitale, R, Walsh, J, Burchat, P, Cheng, C, Kirkby, D, Meyer, T, Roat, C, Bona, M, Bianchi, F, Daudo, F, Di Girolamo, B, Gamba, D, Giraudo, G, Grosso, P, Romero, A, Smol, A, Trapani, P, Zanin, D, Bosisio, L, Della Ricca, G, Rashevskaia, I, Lanceri, L, Pompili, A, Poropat, P, Prest, M, Rastelli, C, Vallazza, E, Vuagnin, G, Hast, C, Potter, E, Sharma, V, Burke, S, Callahan, D, Campagnari, C, Dahmes, B, Eppich, A, Hale, D, Hall, K, Hart, P, Kuznetsova, N, Kyre, S, Levy, S, Long, O, May, J, Richman, J, Verkerke, W, Witherell, M, Beringer, J, Eisner, A, Frey, A, Grillo, A, Grothe, M, Johnson, R, Kroeger, W, Lockman, W, Pulliam, T, Rowe, W, Schmitz, R, Seiden, A, Spencer, E, Turri, M, Walkowiak, W, Wilder, M, Charles, E, Elmer, P, Nielsen, J, Orejudos, W, Scott, I, Zobernig, H, Bosisio, Luciano, DELLA RICCA, Giuseppe, Lanceri, Livio, and Poropat, Paolo

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Vertex (computer graphics), silicon vertex tracker, BABAR, BaBar experiment, STRIPS, Radiation, PARTICLE PHYSICS, PEP2, Silicon-strip detector, law.invention, TRACKER, irradiation, Optics, law, Silicon Detectors, MICROVERTEX DETECTOR, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Photodiode, Radiation monitoring, business
Abstract

Within its first year of operation, the BaBar Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) has accomplished its primary design goal, measuring the z vertex coordinate with sufficient accuracy as to allow the measurement of the time-dependent CP asymmetry in the neutral B-meson system. The SVT consists of five layers of double-sided, AC-coupled silicon-strip detectors of 300 μm thickness with a readout strip pitch of 50–210 μm and a stereo angle of 90° between the strips on the two sides. Detector alignment and performance with respect to spatial resolution and efficiency in the reconstruction of single hits are discussed. In the day-to-day operation of the SVT, radiation damage and protection issues were of primary concern. The SVT is equipped with a dedicated system (SVTRAD) for radiation monitoring and protection, using reverse-biased photodiodes. The evolution of the SVTRAD thresholds on the tolerated radiation level is described. Results on the first-year radiation exposure as measured with the SVTRAD system and on the so far accumulated damage are presented. The implications of test-irradiation results and possible future PEP-II luminosity upgrades on the radiation limited lifetime of the SVT are discussed.

Published
2001

17. The design and construction of the BaBar silicon vertex tracker

Author

A. Frey, Matteo Rama, I. Defendi, Marcella Bona, G. Rampino, J. D. Richman, Fabio Morsani, N. Kuznetsova, G. Rizzo, I.J. Scott, P. Luft, Stefan Kluth, C. Angelini, Vivek Sharma, E. Paoloni, Danilo Giugni, M. Bondioli, M. Folegani, L. T. Kerth, Marcello Giorgi, E. Charles, J. May, A. Profeti, R. Vitale, S. L. Levy, A. Perazzo, D. Zanin, M. E. Levi, E. Mandelli, A. Leona, Peter Elmer, P.P. Trapani, W. Orejudos, R. P. Johnson, G. Vuagnin, Patricia R. Burchat, S. Burke, W.A. Rowe, L. Luo, A. Cotta Ramusino, S. Dittongo, V. Carassiti, Michael S. Witherell, D. A. Roberts, G. Della Ricca, S.F. Dow, Alessandra Romero, E. Brenna, F. Sandrelli, Claudio Campagnari, F. Daudo, L. Bosisio, D. Gagliardi, A. Smol, D. Gamba, M. Carpinelli, A. Pompili, F. Palombo, M. Morganti, P.F. Manfredi, N. A. Roe, Alexander Grillo, M. Prest, G. Batignani, K. Hall, F. Bianchi, Paola Grosso, F. Forti, C. H. Cheng, J. J. Walsh, G. Zizka, C. Bozzi, A. Eppich, J. Nielsen, Daniel E. Hale, A. R. Clark, I. Kipnis, Gabriele Simi, G. Lynch, S. Kyre, D. Callahan, C. Roat, R. E. Schmitz, W. S. Lockman, L. Lanceri, B. Di Girolamo, W. Kroeger, Alberto Lusiani, C. Rastelli, Fernando Dutra, J. Beringer, T. Pulliam, D. Kirkby, Armin Karcher, B. Dahmes, P.A. Hart, A. M. Eisner, E.N. Spencer, Filippo Bosi, Owen Rosser Long, P. Poropat, D. Barni, Valerio Re, G. Triggiani, A. Seiden, C. Hast, Brad Abbott, M. Nyman, M. Pedrali-Noy, H. Zobernig, P. Mammini, M. Turri, A. C. Forti, S. Tritto, M. Wilder, G. Calderini, Wouter Verkerke, G. Giraudo, Francesco Lanni, A. B. Breon, T. I. Meyer, E. Vallazza, C. Hernikl, S. Bettarini, M. Grothe, V. Vaniev, L. Piemontese, E.P. Potter, F. Goozen, Q. Fan, Bozzi, C, Carassiti, V, Ramusino, Ac, Dittongo, S, Folegani, M, Piemontese, L, Abbott, Bk, Breon, Ab, Clark, Ar, Dow, S, Fan, Q, Goozen, F, Hernikl, C, Karcher, A, Kerth, Lt, Kipnis, I, Kluth, S, Lynch, G, Levi, M, Luft, P, Luo, L, Nyman, M, Pedrali Noy, M, Roe, Na, Zizka, G, Roberts, D, Barni, D, Brenna, E, Defendi, I, Forti, A, Giugni, D, Lanni, F, Palombo, F, Vaniev, V, Leona, A, Mandelli, E, Manfredi, Pf, Perazzo, A, Re, V, Angelini, C, Batignani, G, Bettarini, S, Bondioli, M, Bosi, F, Calderini, G, Carpinelli, M, Dutra, F, Forti, F, Gagliardi, D, Giorgi, Ma, Lusiani, Alberto, Mammini, P, Morganti, M, Morsani, F, Paoloni, E, Profeti, A, Rama, M, Rampino, G, Rizzo, G, Sandrelli, F, Simi, G, Triggiani, G, Tritto, S, Vitale, R, Burchat, P, Cheng, C, Kirkby, D, Meyer, T, Roat, C, Bona, M, Bianchi, F, Daudo, F, Di Girolamo, B, Gamba, D, Giraudo, G, Grosso, P, Romero, A, Smol, A, Trapani, P, Zanin, D, Bosisio, L, Della Ricca, G, Lanceri, L, Pompili, A, Poropat, P, Prest, M, Rastelli, C, Vallazza, E, Vuagnin, G, Hast, C, Potter, Ep, Sharma, V, Burke, S, Callahan, D, Campagnari, C, Dahmes, B, Eppich, A, Hale, D, Hall, K, Hart, P, Kuznetsova, N, Kyre, S, Levy, S, Long, O, May, J, Richman, J, Verkerke, W, Witherell, M, Beringer, J, Eisner, Am, Frey, A, Grillo, A, Grothe, M, Johnson, R, Kroeger, W, Lockman, W, Pulliam, T, Rowe, W, Schmitz, R, Seiden, A, Spencer, E, Turri, M, Wilder, M, Charles, E, Elmer, P, Nielsen, J, Orejudos, W, Scott, I, Walsh, J, Zobernig, H., Ramusino, A, Abbott, B, Breon, A, Clark, A, Kerth, L, Roe, N, Manfredi, P, Giorgi, M, Lusiani, A, Potter, E, Eisner, A, Zobernig, H, DELLA RICCA, Giuseppe, Lanceri, Livio, and Poropat, Paolo

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Vertex (computer graphics), Silicon, Integrated circuit, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, BABAR, Silicon sensor, chemistry.chemical_element, BaBar experiment, PARTICLE PHYSICS, PEP2, law.invention, b-factory, Data acquisition, law, Instrumentation, Physics, silicon strip, business.industry, Emphasis (telecommunications), Detector, Data communication system, Silicon Vertex Tracker, Digital signal processing, B-factory, chemistry, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Computer hardware, Readout system, Particle beam tracking
Abstract

The Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) of the BaBar experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric B factory consists of five layers of double-sided, AC-coupled silicon strip detectors. The detectors are readout with a custom IC, capable of simultaneous acquisition, digitization and transmission of data. The SVT geometry is shown and the construction phases of its modules are described in detail, with emphasis on the bending procedures needed for the arch-modules of the outer layers. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2000

18. Radiation-tolerant, red-sensitive CCDs for dark energy investigations

Author

Kyle S. Dawson, William F. Kolbe, Armin Karcher, N. Palaio, J. Emes, S.E. Holland, Natalie A. Roe, G. Wang, Donald E. Groom, Chris Bebek, Maximilian Fabricius, and Jessamyn A. Fairfield

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Photodetector, Radiation, Electromagnetic radiation, law.invention, Telescope, Wavelength, Optics, law, Dark energy, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

We describe the development of thick (200–300 μm), fully depleted p-channel, charge-coupled devices (CCDs). The advantages of these CCDs relative to conventional thin, n-channel CCDs include: high quantum efficiency over a wide range of wavelengths, extending into the near-infrared; negligible fringing at long (∼900–1000 nm) wavelengths; improved radiation tolerance; and a small point-spread function controlled through the application of the bias voltage. These visible-to-near-infrared light detectors are good candidates for the next generation of large focal-plane mosaics under development for dark energy measurements. The Dark Energy Survey has selected these CCDs for the focal plane of a new camera being designed for the Blanco 4 m telescope at CTIO in Chile. They also meet all the requirements for the visible-light detectors for the SuperNova/Acceleration Probe, a satellite-based experiment designed to make precision measurements of dark energy.

Published
2007

19. The BaBar drift chamber project

Author

D. Pitman, K. T. McDonald, J. Roy, F. Bronzini, H. Park, D.P. Coupal, P. Rankin, R. Malchow, Mauro Morandin, M. Palrang, Daniel Johnson, A. Woch, R. Fernholz, A. Snyder, V. Zacek, H. Jawahery, A. Buccheri, D.H. Coward, Armin Karcher, C. Lu, A. M. Boyarski, J. Trischuk, C. Voci, R. Santacesaria, R. Bard, F. Raffaelli, S.F. Dow, E. Lamanna, C. Fanin, S.F. Schaffner, J. P. Martin, Y. Karyotakis, Dave Britton, Hartmut Sadrozinski, H. von der Lippe, R. Boyce, M. A. Mazzoni, D.E. Dorfan, A. Bajic, A. Gritsan, F. Dal Corso, N. Spencer, B. Broomer, J. M. Roney, Bruce Schumm, M. McDougald, D. B. MacFarlane, M. B. Smy, M. Beaulieu, Julie M. Harris, J. Heise, J. G. Smith, D. Nelson, F. Ferroni, C. Dallapiccola, G. Sciolla, G. Piredda, Remi Lafaye, R. Cowan, A. Jeremie, J. Hodgson, D. Fong, I. De Bonis, S. Morganti, Robert Henderson, H. Krieg, M. Momayezi, R. Stroili, Ezio Torassa, M. E. Levi, J. A. McKenna, C. Goodenough, W. R. Sands, P. M. Patel, Warner A. Miller, S. Santi, Stephen Robert Wagner, M. Morii, A. Boucham, A. J.S. Smith, M. Morganti, John L. Harton, W. T. Ford, R. K. Yamamoto, M. Posocco, Nadeem A. Khan, D. Warner, M. Kelsey, A. Gaddi, E. Borsato, E. Erdos, D. Boutigny, C. Hearty, Roberto Caracciolo, J. Fernandez, P. Taras, and M. Houde

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, law, Particle accelerator, Cosmic ray, Cell design, Instrumentation, Beam (structure), law.invention
Abstract

The BaBar Drift Chamber is now under construction. We review its design, the progress in the construction of the components, the plan for assembly and stringing and we present test results obtained with a prototype exposed at SLAC to cosmic rays. We also report on projected dE/dx performance from beam tests done with a chamber with a different cell design.

Published
1998

20. SNAP Satellite Focal Plane Development

Author

Eric Prieto, J.-P. Walder, J. F. Genat, Shawn McKee, D. Fouchez, Derek Levin, N. Palaio, Susana E. Deustua, Peter Nugent, Gregory Tarle, D. Vincent, Stéphane Basa, J. Lamoureaux, Steven E. Holland, H. Heetderks, Roger F. Malina, Greg Aldering, David Rabinowitz, G. Goldhaber, R. W. Kadel, Andrew Szymkowiak, C. Baltay, W. Emmett, A. Tilquin, Hakeem M. Oluseyi, A. D. Tomasch, Anne Ealet, R. DiGennaro, H. von der Lippe, Alain Bonissent, Armin Karcher, Roger Smith, Lars Bergström, C. T. Day, Alexandre Refregier, Michael Sholl, Myron Campbell, J. Bercovitz, Nick Mostek, Natalie A. Roe, Guofeng Wang, A. S. Fruchter, A. L. Spadafora, Alain Mazure, Ralph C. Bohlin, M. L. Lampton, David H. Pankow, R. Lafever, Eugene D. Commins, N. Morgan, Carl W. Akerlof, Reynald Pain, A. Goobar, Edvard Mörtsell, Eric V. Linder, Keith Taylor, Manfred Bester, C. R. Bower, Timothy A. McKay, Jason Rhodes, W. Johnson, S. Mufson, J. A. Musser, J. Snyder, G. Smadja, Chris Bebek, Alex G. Kim, William Carithers, S. C. Loken, E. Barrelet, Richard S. Ellis, O. Lefevre, Saul Perlmutter, M. Eriksson, G.P. Berstein, Michael Schubnell, Rahman Amanullah, Donald E. Groom, Ramon Miquel, Pierre Astier, D. Huterer, William F. Kolbe, Michael Levi, George F. Smoot, and Siegmund, Oswald H. W.

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, law.invention, Square degree, Telescope, Acceleration, ASIC CCD optical filters focal plane detectors HgCdTe InGaAs spectrograph, Cardinal point, Optics, law, Satellite, Optical filter, business, Spectrograph
Abstract

The proposed SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) mission will have a two-meter class telescope delivering diffraction-limited images to an instrumented 0.7 square degree field in the visible and near-infrared wavelength regime. The requirements for the instrument suite and the present configuration of the focal plane concept are presented. A two year R&D phase, largely supported by the Department of Energy, is just beginning. We describe the development activities that are taking place to advance our preparedness for mission proposal in the areas of detectors and electronics.

21. Functional characteristics and radiation tolerance of AToM, the front-end chip of BaBar Silicon Vertex Tracker

Author

Valerio Re, Randall P. Johnson, A. Perazzo, Brad Abbott, M. E. Levi, L. Luo, Fabio Morsani, A. M. Eisner, A. Frey, Armin Karcher, Q. Fan, P.F. Manfredi, M. Pedrali-Noy, A. R. Clark, E. Mandelli, A. Leona, S.F. Dow, J. DeWitt, Natalie A. Roe, I. Kipnis, W. Kroeger, M. Nyman, and N. Spencer

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Vertex (computer graphics), Noise (signal processing), Integrated circuit, Chip, Microstrip, law.invention, Front and back ends, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Nuclear electronics, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electronic circuit
Abstract

The readout chip designed to process the microstrip signals in the BaBar silicon vertex tracker (SVT), after being realized twice in a radsoft technology has been transferred into the final radhard process. So far the circuit has gone through four different radhard submissions, one aiming at providing a preliminary insight into the characteristics of the radhard chip, the other ones constituting pre-production and production runs. Chips from these submissions have undergone a thorough set of tests addressing functional aspects, noise parameters and effects of radiation on signal and noise behavior. The present paper discusses the results of these tests and describes the final version of the circuit which has been proven to successfully meet the experiment requirements.

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