Search

Many wave energy converters have been developed so far, but there are still many engineering problems to be applied to fishery buoys. Gyroscopic generators that use a rotating mass is characterized by the possibility of downsizing, but since low speed precession rotation is used to generate power, efficiency is so low that they do not work in the size of 1 m3. In this study, a new mechanism is proposed which consists of bevel gears, two clutches and gimbals to accelerate spin by transmitting precession torque mechanically to the spin shaft in order to realize high efficiency power generation by high speed spin rotation. Gear-driven gyroscopic generator using this mechanism which has higher efficiency and longer lifespan than former generators is expected to be applied to the power source of the small ocean monitoring buoys for efficient fisheries. A gyroscopic power generator using the accelerating mechanism with flywheel of diameter of 300 mm was designed, and the accelerating mechanism of the generator was manufactured. An experiment was conducted in which a rotating vibration of 0.5 Hz was applied to confirm the effectivity of the mechanism. The spin speed increased from 35.6 rpm to 225 rpm due to the precession torque. Designed generator is expected to output power of 3 W from this result.

In order to realize a small-sized energy harvester with high output, this study prototypes a small motor-driven gyroscopic power generator. Supplying energy to sensors and devices is the biggest problem for Internet of Things (IoT) systems. One solution is gyroscopic power generators, which are a type of vibrational generator that amplify the inertia force of weights by rotating them at high speed, and in doing so can obtain greater output than conventional generators that use simple vibration for the same mass weight. This paper reports on a motor-driven type gyroscopic generator in which the flywheel is spun with an embedded motor, and which is superior in applicability to random vibration generators. The generators of this type that have been studied thus far are very large and have been primarily used for wave power generation in the ocean. However, when the shape of this gyroscopic power generator type is miniaturized proportionally, the output per volume decreases in proportion to the fifth power of the dimension. This makes it difficult to maintain the power output while miniaturizing the generator size. In this research, the structure of the gyroscopic power generator is thoroughly refined and miniaturization is realized by making full use of the available space. By using a motor with high design freedom, the spindle motor and flywheel are unified. From this accomplishment, not only is the required space reduced, the number of mechanical parts and the friction loss are decreased as well. The prototype generator has a size of about 150 mm on its long side. When a swinging vibration of 50 degrees in amplitude and 2 Hz in frequency is applied, a net output of 0.104 W is obtained. This output power is sufficient to drive sensors and low power wide area (LPWA) radio circuits.

One-body type water- and air-cooling fixed masks made of forged 0.2% beryllium copper alloy have been developed, and successfully applied for the front end of a new undulator beamline, BL-13A, at the Photon Factory in Tsukuba, Japan. Advantages of the masks are a simple structure, no welding, low cost, high duration, and an extremely low out-gassing rate. Forged 0.2% beryllium copper alloy is demonstrated to be a valuable material for synchrotron radiation instruments.

The undulator beamline BL-2C was constructed for measurements of soft X-ray spectroscopy. It is equipped with a varied line-space plane grating monochromator. High energy-resolution, high photon-flux and tiny spot-size have contributed to research on electronic structure of gaseous samples, solid samples and surfaces. In order to carry out further sophisticated measurement, we have improved the beamline at the following three points. First, optical elements were re-aligned again with great care for higher energy-resolution. To demonstrate the energy-resolution, we measured absorption spectrum of oxygen 1 s σ → π * excitation and evaluated E/ Δ E to be more than 10,000. Secondly, mirror holders were altered to reduce the effect of heat load. The remodeling and the replacement of the optical-element holders resulted in energy-drift becoming negligible. Thirdly, the carbon-contaminated optical elements were cleaned by ozone-cleaning method. The photon flux at the carbon absorption-edge is recovered by the cleaning.

Recent advances in high‐throughput techniques for macromolecular crystallography have highlighted the importance of structure‐based drug design (SBDD), and the demand for synchrotron use by pharmaceutical researchers has increased. Thus, in collaboration with Astellas Pharma Inc., we have constructed a new high‐throughput macromolecular crystallography beamline, AR‐NE3A, which is dedicated to SBDD. At AR‐NE3A, a photon flux up to three times higher than those at existing high‐throughput beams at the Photon Factory, AR‐NW12A and BL‐5A, can be realized at the same sample positions. Installed in the experimental hutch are a high‐precision diffractometer, fast‐readout, high‐gain CCD detector, and sample exchange robot capable of handling more than two hundred cryo‐cooled samples stored in a Dewar. To facilitate high‐throughput data collection required for pharmaceutical research, fully automated data collection and processing systems have been developed. Thus, sample exchange, centering, data collection, and data processing are automatically carried out based on the user’s pre‐defined schedule. Although Astellas Pharma Inc. has a priority access to AR‐NE3A, the remaining beam time is allocated to general academic and other industrial users.

The design and commissioning of a new soft X‐ray beamline, BL‐16A, at the Photon Factory is presented. The beamline consists of a pre‐focusing mirror, an entrance slit, a variable‐included‐angle varied‐line‐spacing plane grating monochromator, and a post‐focusing system as usual, and provides circularly and linearly polarized soft X rays in the energy range 200–1500 eV with an APPLE‐II type undulator. The commissioning procedure for the beamline optics is described in detail, especially the check of the focal position for the zero‐th order and diffracted X rays.

A planar undulator beamline, BL‐13A, covering 30–1,000 eV has been constructed in the Photon Factory. The main scientific targets are investigations of organic thin films and biomolecules adsorbed on well‐defined surfaces using angle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. A variable‐included‐angle Monk‐Gillieson mounting monochromator with varied‐line‐spacing plane gratings is used to achieve a high photon flux of 1010–1012 photons/s with a high resolution (E/ΔE) of 7,000–30,000. A typical spot size on the sample position is estimated to be 130 μm (horizontal)×40 μm (vertical). After commissioning, BL‐13A will be open for users from January 2010.

The design and performance of a 24 m high-resolution spherical grating monochromator (H-SGM) for the undulator beamline (BL-16B) at the Photon Factory are described. With three interchangeable gratings of 400, 900 and 2000 lines mm−1, the H-SGM is designed to cover the photon energy range 40–600 eV. With a resolving power of approximately 2000 in the photon energy range 40–530 eV, more than 1011 photons s−1 have been measured. The best resolutions obtained so far, at a substantially lower photon flux, are greater than 10 000 at 250 eV and 8000 at 400 eV

Two types of simple non-evaporable getter (NEG) assemblies have been constructed using commercial St707 strips. The first one can be activated by direct current heating at 15 A. The second can be activated by indirect heating using a tantalum heater at 12 A. The base pressure of the chambers pumped solely by the first and the second NEG assemblies reached 2.4×10−8 and

A new grazing incidence soft x-ray monochromator has been commissioned on the undulator beamline BL-2 of the Photon Factory. The monochromator has been designed to meet the demands for high-resolution soft x-ray spectroscopy. The monochromator has employed a varied space plane grating and a configuration with sagittal focusing and converging beam to satisfy the requirement. According to analytical estimation and ray tracing simulation, the high resolving power beyond 10000 can be obtained over the full energy range from 250 to 1400 eV. Preliminary experiments have been done on three points concerning the resolving power, photon flux, and spot size. The results have showed the typical resolving power from 7500 to 10000, the absolute photon flux ofthe order of lOb photons/s/300mA/O.02%BW, and the spot size ofO.1(V) x 0.9(11) 2FW at the sample position.

The design and performance of a new soft X-ray beamline BL-11A at the Photon Factory (PF) are presented. A Hettrick-type grazing-incidence monochromator equipped with three varied-line-spacing plane gratings was designed and constructed at a bending-magnet source of the PF 2.5 GeV storage ring. An 800 lines mm−1 laminar grating produced by aspheric-wavefront holographic recording optics, as well as a mechanically ruled blazed one, were tested. A resolving power of more than 4500 was achieved at 400 eV with either grating, and ∼1010 photons s−1 are available at a resolving power of 2000. High photon flux enables low-concentration samples, such as surface adsorbates, to be studied. A simple scanning mechanism for a wide energy range is quite useful for EXAFS measurements on light elements such as C, N and O.

Progress in performance of a beamline for a 60‐period soft x‐ray undulator of the 2.5‐GeV Photon Factory storage ring was made by implementation of low emittance operation of the storage ring and improvements of beamline and monochromator units. Monochromated photon flux of up to 1012 photons/s has now been achieved at maximum in ordinary operating conditions of the ring current of ≊200 mA with resolution of 500–1000 over the soft x‐ray region from 410 eV to a few keV of photon energy.