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1. Effect of Process Parameters on the Properties of Direct Written gas-generating Reactive Layers

Author

Fabien Mesnilgrente, Bernard Franc, Sandrine Assié-Souleille, Xuwen Liu, Tao Wu, Florent Sevely, Xavier Dollat, Carole Rossi, Équipe Nano-ingénierie et intégration des oxydes métalliques et de leurs interfaces (LAAS-NEO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
energetic materials, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, gas generation, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, direct writing, law.invention, reactive material, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, 0103 physical sciences, Reactivity (chemistry), chemistry.chemical_classification, Copper complex, 010304 chemical physics, thermite, Process Chemistry and Technology, Organic Chemistry, Gas release, Thermite, Polymer, 3D printing, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pressure measurement, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Mass fraction, Reactive material
Abstract

International audience; A mixture of copper complex and Al/CuO nanothermite, Al/CuO/CuC, represents one of the state-of-the-art gas-generating thermite systems with various pyrotechnic applications due to its tunable gas release rates. The reactivity of reactive inks with various loadings of the poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) binder mixed with Al/CuO/CuC is characterized using high-speed imaging diagnostics and pressure measurements. For a PVP mass fraction of

Published
2021
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2. Lateral Porous Silicon Interferometric Transducer for Sensing Applications

Author

Adrian Laborde, Thierry Leichle, Yingning He, Xavier Dollat, Ludovic Salvagnac, Douglas Silva de Vasconcellos, David Bourrier, Eric Imbernon, Véronique Bardinal, Équipe Microsystèmes électromécaniques (LAAS-MEMS), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe MICrosystèmes d'Analyse (LAAS-MICA), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), and ANR-17-CE09-0024,LabPSi,Membranes de silicium poreux latérales comme solution générique de préparation d'échantillon et biodétection pour les laboratoires sur puce(2017)

Subjects
Microscope, Materials science, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Porous silicon, 01 natural sciences, Signal, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Interferometry, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Transducer, Interference (communication), law, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Biosensor, Refractive index
Abstract

International audience; In this work, we demonstrate the transducing ability of lateral porous silicon membranes (LPSi) using optical interferometry. To this aim, we carry out Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements using a microscope equipped with an appropriate objective in order to overcome the difficulty to obtain interference signal from LPSi membranes with small dimensions. Reflectance spectra are recorded while filling the membrane with various solvents and their analysis provide estimations of the effective optical thicknesses and the resulting index of refraction of the fillers in the NIR range. The results show that the various solvents can appropriately be identified and discriminated through the derived refractive indices, thus providing a proof-of-concept of the LPSi interferometric transducer.

Published
2018
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3. Integration of a MEMS based safe arm and fire device

Author

Véronique Conédéra, Samuel Charlot, Xavier Dollat, Ludovic Salvagnac, Carole Rossi, Fabrice Mathieu, Helene Pezous, and Marjorie Sanchez

Subjects
Microelectromechanical systems, Engineering drawing, Engineering, business.industry, Metals and Alloys, Condensed Matter Physics, Chip, Automotive engineering, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Ignition system, law, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Instrumentation, Robotic arm
Abstract

The paper describes a new architecture of a Safe Arm and Fire device (SAF) that could constitute a real breakthrough for safe miniature fuzing device. On the one hand, it takes all the functions embodied in a conventional mechanical arm and fire system and integrates them in a single 1 cm 3 package made of assembly of different parts. On the other hand, for the first time, it combines a mechanical arming unit with electrical safety functionalities on the same silicon initiator's chip. It respects the STANAG 4187 norm (1 A/W during 5 min of not fire) and requires only 635 mW for ignition. The paper presents the design, fabrication and test of one miniature SAF device integrating a micropyrotechnical actuation.

Published
2010
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4. Fabrication, assembly and tests of a MEMS-based safe, arm and fire device

Author

Carole Rossi, Véronique Conédéra, Samuel Charlot, Marjorie Sanchez, Fabrice Mathieu, Helene Pezous, and Xavier Dollat

Subjects
Microelectromechanical systems, Fabrication, Silicon, Computer science, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Chip, Automotive engineering, law.invention, Ignition system, chemistry, law, General Materials Science, Robotic arm
Abstract

We propose a safe, arm and fire (SAF) device that could constitute a real breakthrough for safe miniature fuzing device. It integrates all the functions of a conventional mechanical arm and fire system and integrates them within 1 cm 3 . For the first time, it combines a mechanical arming unit with electrical safety functionalities on the same silicon initiator's chip. It requires only 635 mW for ignition.

Published
2010
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5. Lateral porous silicon membranes with tunable pore size for on-chip separation

Author

Fuccio Cristiano, Yingning He, David Bourrier, Xavier Dollat, Éric Imbernon, Thierry Leichle, and Adhitya Bhaswara

Subjects
Materials science, Fabrication, Dopant, 010401 analytical chemistry, Microfluidics, technology, industry, and agriculture, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, equipment and supplies, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Porous silicon, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Ion implantation, Membrane, Chemical engineering, law, 0210 nano-technology, Porosity, Filtration
Abstract

In this work, we present a novel fabrication process for the creation of lateral porous silicon membranes with tunable pore size and porosity and their integration into planar microfluidics. Since the formation of porous silicon by anodization is highly dependent on the dopant type and concentration, we use ion implantation to manipulate the local dopant concentration in order to control the membrane properties. The dead-end filtration capability of our lateral porous silicon membranes integrated within planar microchannels is demonstrated by adequately retaining 300 nm diameter beads, while molecules such as fluorescein and miRNA permeate the membranes.

Published
2016
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6. Development of pNH4-isfets microsensors for water analysis

Author

S. Assié-Souleille, Pierre Temple-Boyer, Augustin Martinez, R. Colin, Benoit Torbiero, Iryna Humenyuk, Xavier Dollat, B. Franc, Équipe MICrosystèmes d'Analyse (LAAS-MICA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Équipe MICrosystèmes d'Analyse ( LAAS-MICA ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique ( LAAS-TEAM ), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Materials science, Environmental pollution, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Chemical field-effect transistor, law.invention, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, law, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, pNH4 + ion detection, Spin coating, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, General Engineering, Electrical engineering, Biasing, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 6. Clean water, 0104 chemical sciences, Threshold voltage, water analysis, 13. Climate action, Optoelectronics, [ SPI.NANO ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Field-effect transistor, ChemFET sensor, Photolithography, ISFET, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Front-side connected, N-channel, normally-off, SiO2/Si3N4 chemical field effect transistor (ChemFET) microsensors have been fabricated using a standard P-well silicon technology. These ChemFETs microsensors were adapted to ammonium ion detection thanks to photosensitive polysiloxane (PSX) polymer containing nonactine as an ionophore. The ammonium-sensitive membrane has been deposited either manually by micropipette, either by spin coating and patterned using photolithography technique. Both processes have been studied and compared through the ammonium ion determination. The manually deposed layers have been characterised by thickness non-reproducibility. Therefore, spin-coated layers have good reproducibility, but their thickness of 30 µm has been responsible for an increase of the ISFET threshold voltage and a decrease of its bias current. Nevertheless, in both cases, good sensitivities have been shown on the [1 – 5] pNH4 range even if saturation phenomena have been evidenced for the lowest concentrations. These pNH4-ISFETs microsensors are developed for the monitoring of environmental pollution and more precisely for ground water analysis.

Published
2006
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7. A novel fabrication method of flexible and monolithic 3D microfluidic structures using lamination of SU-8 films

Author

Anne Marie Gué, Christine Lattes, Xavier Dollat, I. Patrick Abgrall, Véronique Conédéra, Stéphane Colin, Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire de Génie Mécanique de Toulouse (LGMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)

Subjects
Fabrication, Materials science, Microfluidics, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Deformation (meteorology), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, Lamination, Wafer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material, chemistry.chemical_classification, Mechanical Engineering, 010401 analytical chemistry, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

International audience; The fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic networks entirely made of SU-8 with integrated electrodes is reported. The described technology allows the fabrication of uncrosslinked SU-8 dry film on a polyester (PET) sheet and its subsequent lamination to form closed microstructures. Unlike other reported methods, transferred layers are patterned following the bonding step allowing a more accurate and simple alignment between levels than techniques using already patterned layers. Dry release of the complete polymer microstructure was demonstrated. Flexible microfluidic chips were obtained. This technique uses simple tools and no wafer bonder is used but lamination techniques which are more collective processes. Limitations in the method for layers thicker than 50 µm have been observed and are discussed. Hydraulic flow experiments have been performed to study the deformation of the cover layer which could influence adjacent flow in a three-dimensional configuration. Important deformations have been observed for layers 10 µm thick and an average pressure greater than 100 kPa. No deformations have been noted for layers with thicknesses greater than 35 µm and for average pressures up to 200 kPa. No failures occurred within the range of the experimental set-up, i.e. up to 300 kPa.

Published
2006
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8. Simple Synthetic Molecular Hydrogels from Self- Assembling Alkylgalactonamides as Scaffold for 3D Neuronal Cell Growth

Author

Laurence Vaysse, Laurent Malaquin, Sandrine Souleille, Anaïs Chalard, Juliette Fitremann, Isabelle Loubinoux, Pierre Joseph, Barbara Lonetti, Jean-Christophe Sol, Interactions moléculaires et réactivité chimique et photochimique (IMRCP), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Fluides, Energie, Réacteurs, Matériaux et Transferts (FERMAT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Micro-Nanofluidique pour les sciences de la vie et de l’environnement (LAAS-MILE), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), IDeAS - Interfaces Dynamiques et Assemblages Stimulables (IDeAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Équipe Ingénierie pour les sciences du vivant (LAAS-ELIA), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Stéphanie Bosch and Brice Ronsin (confocal microscopy, plateforme d'imagerie CBI-LITC constitutive de TRI (Toulouse Réseau d'Imagerie)), Bruno Payré, Isabelle Fourquaux, Dominique Goudounèche (TEM and cryo-TEM, Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, CMEAB), Xavier Dollat (LAAS), Delphine Bordignon (IMRCP), Pierre Roblin (SAXS, Fermat Federation, Toulouse), The French National Research Agency (ANR Neuraxe) is greatly acknowledged for A.C grant financial and financial support. The European Union is acknowledged for its financial support for equipment (FEDER-35477: 'Nano-objets pour la biotechnologie')., ANR-15-CE07-0007,NEURAXE,Gels supramoléculaires orientés pour le guidage de cellules souches neurales(2015), Interactions moléculaires et réactivité chimique et photochimique ( IMRCP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Équipe Micro-Nanofluidique pour les sciences de la vie et de l’environnement ( LAAS-MILE ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center ( ToNIC ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Hôpital Purpan - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Équipe Ingénierie pour les sciences du vivant ( LAAS-ELIA ), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation ( LAAS-I2C ), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], ANR-15-CE07-0007,Neuraxe,Oriented supramolecular gels as a guide for neural stem cells, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]

Subjects
Scaffold, Materials science, Neurogenesis, Cell Culture Techniques, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, adult human neural stem cells, 3D cell culture, supramolecular gel, Confocal microscopy, law, [ CHIM.OTHE ] Chemical Sciences/Other, Neurites, Humans, General Materials Science, Neurons, Tissue Scaffolds, Cell growth, biomaterial, Cell Differentiation, Hydrogels, self-assembly, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, neuron, 0104 chemical sciences, LMWG, Cell culture, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Neural tissue regeneration, Self-healing hydrogels, Biophysics, Stem cell, 0210 nano-technology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, hNSC
Abstract

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, copyright ©American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.8b01365.; International audience; In this work, we demonstrated that the hydrogel obtained from a very simple and single synthetic molecule, N-heptyl-galactonamide was a suitable scaffold for the growth of neuronal cells in 3D. We evidenced by confocal microscopy the presence of the cells into the gel up to a depth of around 200 µm, demonstrating that the latter was permissive to cell growth and enabled a true 3D colonization and organization. It also supported successfully the differentiation of adult human neuronal stem cells (hNSCs) into both glial and neuronal cells and the development of a really dense neurofilament network. So the gel appears to be a good candidate for neural tissue regeneration. In contrast with other molecular gels described for cell culture, the molecule can be obtained at the gram scale by a one-step reaction. The resulting gel is very soft, a quality in accordance with the aim of growing neuronal cells, that requires low modulus substrates similar to the brain. But because of its fragility, specific procedures had to be implemented for its preparation and for cell labeling and confocal microscopy observations. Notably, the implementation of a controlled slow cooling of the gel solution was needed to get a very soft but nevertheless cohesive gel. In these conditions, very wide straight and long micrometric fibers were formed, held together by a second network of flexible narrower nanometric fibers. The two kinds of fibers guided the neurite and glial cell growth in a different way. We also underlined the importance of a tiny difference in the molecular structure on the gel performances: parent molecules, differing by a one-carbon increment in the alkyl chain length, N-hexyl-galactonamide and N-octyl-galactonamide, were not as good as N-heptyl-galactonamide. Their differences were analysed in terms of gel fibers morphology, mechanical properties, solubility, chain parity and cell growth.

Published
2018
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