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The laser cleaning effect can be affected by many parameters, including laser power, scanning speed, laser repetition rate, and pulse duration, and the cleaning effect with these parameters is investigated. It is found that the cleaning effect is negligible for an infrared high-repetition nanosecond-pulsed laser with repetition rate from 100 to 400 kHz and pulse duration from 58 to 240 ns and is significantly related to the laser power and scanning speed. Moreover, the cleaning thresholds related to laser power and scanning speed for a soil rust layer on ceramic artifacts are measured under the step distance of 281.3 μm. The heat conduction equation and thermal stress equation are used to simulate the cleaning effect with the influence of these parameters, which is in good agreement with the experimental data.

High-energy, high-power laser system for inertial confinement fusion (ICF), such as National Ignition Facility (NIF), is large in size and expensive in construction. The multi-pass amplifier (MA) with the large aperture amplifiers is widely used in high-power laser systems, such as ICF drivers. The systems with MA usually have four features: square beam, single aperture, single pulse and unidirectional propagation, and the expensive preamplifier systems are required to compensate for the limited gain of the main amplifiers. The gain and the extraction efficiency are limited in part by the number of passes that the beam can make through the amplifiers. Besides, the laser system in the multi-pass amplifier should operate at much higher fluence to achieve high extraction efficiency, which results in a technical challenge in the damage of optical components under high-power lasers irradiation. To efficiently extract the stored energy with low injection energy at low laser fluence operation and make the system compact and reliable, a bidirectional ring amplifier (BRA) with twin pulses is proposed and discussed. The structure of the bidirectional ring amplifier is described. The characteristics of the bidirectional ring amplifier on extraction efficiency and output energy capability are simulated and discussed. The simulation results show that an extraction efficiency of 62.3% and the output energy of 13.4 kJ per pulse at the B integral limit can be obtained at low average fluence of 10.3 J/cm2 and the low injection energy of 3.9 mJ in the bidirectional ring amplifier. Compared with the multi-pass amplifier, the bidirectional ring amplifier is more compact and the extraction efficiency is much higher at low laser fluence operation, which is beneficial to reduce the effects of nonlinear phase shift. Furthermore, the preamplifier system for the bidirectional ring amplifier is simple, only a fiber oscillator and a regenerative amplifier can work.

The output performances of a bidirectional ring amplifier with twin pulses are demonstrated. Compared to the extraction efficiency of 32% for single-pulse injection, the extraction efficiency of stored energy for twin-pulse injection with bidirectional propagation is increased to 60%. The maximum output energies of the twin pulses are 347 mJ and 351 mJ, and the output energy of a single pulse is only 373 mJ under the same amplifier operating conditions. The experimental results show that the bidirectional ring amplifier with twin pulses can achieve a higher extraction efficiency of stored energy at a lower operating fluence, and has potential applications in high-power and high-energy laser facilities.

Paint removal based thermal stress with high repetition pulse is considered in this paper. The temperature distribution of aluminum substrate and paint under laser irradiation is simulated and the thermal stress generated by thermal expansion is calculated. The adhesion force between the paint and the substrate was calculated according to adhesion formula. The conditions for the paint removal can be obtained by comparing the force of thermal stress and adhesion. At the scan speed of 5000 mm/s, the fiber laser with wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse width of 240 ns and frequency of 100 kHz is used to strip red paint from aluminum without any damage. And the stripping effect at the different output power is also taken into account.

The slit spatial filter can be used in high-power laser system. The performance of two-lens slit spatial filter is described and discussed. The laser intensity at the slit edge and the peak intensity of the focal line with different F-numbers and the cut-off frequencies are compared with that of the traditional spatial filter. Simulation results show that the laser intensity at the slit edge and the peak intensity of the focal line are less two orders of magnitude than that of the traditional spatial filter. Besides, the vacuum degree required in the slit spatial filters is about 10-1 Torr, which is less two orders of magnitude than that of the traditional spatial filter.

In this paper, the laser cleaning soil rust layer on the surface of ceramic artifacts by the way of ablation and thermal stress with infrared high-repetition pulse laser is carried out. A cleaning effect can be achieved with laser scanning 10 times at the speed of 480 mm/s and fluence of 795.7747 J/m2 near the ablation threshold. However, the external force is required to make the soil rust layer fallen off. In contrast, a better cleaning effect that the soil rust layer is directly peeled off under the effect of thermal stress without ablation at the contact surface and external force can be observed with the fluence of 1591.5494 J/m2 and laser scanning at 1 time. Furthermore, a two-layer structure model is built to analyze the mechanism of cleaning by thermal stress based on the heat conduction and thermal stress equation. The maximum peeling thermal stress at the contact surface is 2.854×107 N/m2, which is greater than the adhesion stress of 2.050×107 N/m2. This is in agreement with experiments.

The cathode interlayer is of crucial importance for efficient electron injection in inverted polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) to realize high electroluminescence efficiency. Here, a novel photoconductive cathode interlayer based on organic dye-doped ZnO (ZnO:PBI-H) is applied as the cathode buffer layer in PLEDs, and dramatically enhanced device performance is obtained. The photodoping of ZnO may greatly promote the electron injection ability under the device working conditions, which increases the electron-hole recombination efficiency when using P-PPV as the light-emitting material. Thanks to the decreased energy barrier between the cathode interlayer and the light-emitting layer, the turn-on voltage of the PLEDs is obviously reduced when using the photoconductive cathode interlayer. Our results indicate that photodoping of the cathode interlayer is a promising strategy to increase the interlayer performance in light-emitting diodes.

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been extensively studied since the first efficient device based on small molecular luminescent materials was reported by Tang. Organic electroluminescent material, one of the centerpieces of OLEDs, has been the focus of studies by many material scientists. To obtain high luminosity and to keep material costs low, a few remarkable design concepts have been developed. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials were invented to overcome the common fluorescence-quenching problem, and cross-dipole stacking of fluorescent molecules was shown to be an effective method to get high solid-state luminescence. To exceed the limit of internal quantum efficiency of conventional fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials were successfully applied in highly efficient electroluminescent devices. Most recently, delayed fluorescent materials via reverse-intersystem crossing (RISC) from triplet to singlet and the “hot exciton” materials based on hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) states were developed to be a new generation of low-cost luminescent materials as efficient as phosphorescent materials. In terms of the device-fabrication process, solution-processible small molecular luminescent materials possess the advantages of high purity (vs. polymers) and low procession cost (vs. vacuum deposition), which are garnering them increasing attention. Herein, we review the progress of the development of small-molecule luminescent materials with different design concepts and features, and also briefly examine future development tendencies of luminescent materials.

An insoluble electrochemically cross-linked thin film is successfully applied as an interface layer between PEDOT:PSS and the light emitting layer in solution-processed polymer light-emitting diodes for enhanced device performance.

A novel bidirectional ring amplifier with twin pulses for high-power lasers is proposed, and the performances on output energy capability and extraction efficiency are comprehended with detailed simulation. The results show that an extraction efficiency of 62.3% and the output energy of 13.4 kJ per pulse at the B integral limit can be obtained at low average fluence of 10.3 J/cm2 and the low injection energy of 3.9 mJ in the bidirectional ring amplifier. Compared with the multi-pass amplifier, the bidirectional ring amplifier is more compact and the extraction efficiency is much higher at low injection energy and low laser fluence operation, which is beneficial to simplify the preamplifier system and reduce the effects of nonlinear phase shift.

Aiming for a three-lens slit spatial filtering system with excellent performances in inhibition of pinhole closure, improvement of beam quality, compactness of the system, and lowering the requirement of vacuum, the filtering characteristics and image relay of the slit spatial filter are demonstrated. The results show that the beam quality is greatly improved, and the system has a good property in image relay, which has potential applications in high-power lasers.

Inverted-type polymer light-emitting diodes with Au nanoparticles modified ITO cathode has exhibited improved brightness from 5900 to 15,000 cd m(-2) (1.5-fold enhancement) and enhanced luminous efficiency from 4.4 to 10.5 cd A(-1) (1.4-fold enhancement), when greenish emissive polymer-P-PPV was applied as active layer. Both the experimental and theoretical results show that it is mainly attributed to effective overlapping between local surface plasmon resonance induced by Au nanopartices and excitons quenching region at ZnO/P-PPV interface, which makes originally electrode-quenched excitons emissive and increases excitons efficiency.