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Atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common congenital heart lesion in adults and is often asymptomatic until adulthood. Diagnosis is important, as timely ASD repair improves outcomes.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is the major leading cause of death. In COPD,mostly death occurred due to inappropriate airway clearance. So if these condition left untreated then thisinflammation leads to repeated cycles of injury and repair of the airway wall. Few studies have shown theeffect of postural drainage and forced expiratory technique on COPD patients for airway clearance. Inthis study postural drainage and forced expiratory technique along with segmental relaxation from LauraMitchell Relaxation Technique use for mucus clearance as soon as possible in COPD patientsAim: To study the effect of segmental relaxation followed by postural drainage and forced expiratorytechnique on airway clearance in COPD patients.Material and Method: In this pre-post intervention study 28 individuals with COPD were included. Theywere randomly divided into 2 groups with 14 individuals in each group. Group A were treated with segmentalrelaxation from Laura Mitchell Relaxation Technique along with postural drainage and forced expiratorytechnique and Group B were treated with postural drainage and forced expiratory technique. After pre-postassessment, data was analysed with the help of appropriate statistical methods.Conclusion: In that postural drainage and forced expiratory technique has less effect than these techniquesthat is postural drainage and forced expiratory technique along with segmental relaxation from LauraMitchell Relaxation Technique in COPD patients.

Background : Diabetes mellitus affects the muscles as muscle play notable role in the regulation of blood sugar level. The lack of glucose can lead to muscle cells atrophying and therefore loss of muscle mass. Stretching can increase cellular glucose uptake. Strengthening may improve strength , enlarged muscle mass and to improve insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control. Their paucity of literature on immediate effect of stretching versus strengthening exercises on blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus . Objective: To find out immediate effect of stretching on blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus individuals. To find out immediate effect of strengthening exercises on blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus individuals. To compare the immediate effectiveness of stretching and strengthening exercises on blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus individuals. Methodology: the study was conducted in Krishna hospital, in physiotherapy department. 44 subjects were selected with simple random sampling method. Chronic type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals were divided in to two groups. Group A (stretching) and group B (strengthening exercises)was given. The pre- and post –treatment postprandial Blood glucose values was measured by glucometer. Result: In conducted study, postprandial BGL showed statistically significant difference between pre and post treatment values in both group A and B. Conclusion: from the above conducted study it concludes that both stretching and strengthening exercises are effective in decreasing postprandial blood glucose level in type 2 diabetes mellitus, as there is no significant difference between both the groups . Strengthening exercises increased more flexibility in females than passive stretching and males were benefited with both stretching and strengthening exercises.

Background: Flexible flat foot is a condition of foot in which the medial longitudinal arch is lowered which is visible in weight bearing foot. This condition may be asymptomatic and needs to be treated to prevent further overuse injuries. Many of the literature suggest that individuals with flexible flat foot shows imbalances in the strength of IFM like abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digitorum brevis and interosseous muscles which plays major role in maintaining stability. The dynamic balance is found to be more affected in flexible flat foot which needs to be treated by strengthening the IFM. Strengthening IFM with greater efficacy can improve the dynamic balance and also have impact on foot posture of individuals with flexible flat foot. Objective: to find the effect of 2 different types of IFM strengthening on dynamic balance Material and Method: In this pre-post intervention study 40 individuals with flexible flat foot were included. They were randomly divided into 2 groups with 20 individuals in each group. Group A was instructed to perform short foot exercises and Group B was instructed to perform towel curl exercise for four weeks. After pre-post assessment, data was analysed with help of appropriate statistical methods. Results: According to result the in Group A and Group B there is significant increase in both right and left anterior, posteromedial and posterolateral directions with p value < 0.0001. Conclusion: Both short foot exercise and towel curl exercise are found to be equally effective in improving the dynamic balance in individuals with flexible flat foot. The impact of these exercises on foot posture needs to be taken into consideration.

Background: Frozen shoulder is a painful condition of the joint capsule leading to loss of range of motion of the joint. Due to pain and inability to move the involved shoulder, patients tend to avoid any movement of the involved arm. This leads to formation of Myofascial Trigger points and tender points in the muscles. This overall makes the prognosis more challenging as the focus is mostly on the joint. Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique is a soft tissue manipulation technique that has been proven to relieve trigger and tender points. Although proven to be efficiently effective in many disorders, this technique is not as such practiced as a common and regular approach by professionals. Thus, this technique was undertaken and experimented on Frozen Shoulder. Objectives: Objectives of the study were to determine the effect of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique in Frozen Shoulder and compare the effect of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique with conventional treatment in frozen shoulder. Material and Method: In this experimental study, 40 Frozen Shoulder subjects were assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Goniometer for Range of Motion (ROM) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). The subjects were divided into 2 groups, Group A Included 20 subjects treated with Hot moist pack, Therapeutic Ultrasound, Exercises and Capsular Stretching and Sleeper stretch. Group B included 20 subjects treated with Hot moist pack, Therapeutic Ultrasound, Exercises and Capsular Stretching and Sleeper stretch and Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique. Results: Within group statistical analysis of VAS, ROM and SPADI for both the groups were found to be extremely significant with a p value of

Introduction: Cardiovascular disorders are public health problems worldwide. In industrialized world they are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has proved to be a major life saving operative method in cardiovascular disease. Physiotherapy interventions play major role in rehabilitation post CABG so the study was conducted with the aim to find the effect of closed kinetic chain exercises and conventional therapy on cardiac parameters in post CABG subjects. Method: In this comparative study 20 subjects were treated for post CABG subjects between the age group of 40-50 years. Group A were given conventional treatment and Group B were given Closed Kinetic Chain exercise. The pre and post -test was measure blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation and borg scale. Results: The statistical analysis for conventional therapy pre and post week1 day 1-systolic blood pressure(p=

Background: Greater core stability provides a foundation for greater force production in the upper and lower extremities. When the core muscles are functioning optimally, the person will be able to safely perform specific athletic or other functional activities. Core muscle imbalances are the cause of core instability and reduced balance performance. Few studies have shown the effect of swiss ball exercises on core stabilization and balance performance as well as few studies also shown the comparison between core exercise on stable and unstable surfaces for core stabilization and balance performance. The core stability and balance performance needs to be treated by strengthening core muscles. Objectives: To find the effect of 2 different types of strengthening exercises on core stability and dynamic balance in collegiate athletes. Material and Method: In this pre-post intervention study 26 athletes were included. They were randomly divided into 2 groups with 13 individuals in each group. Group A was instructed to perform BOSU ball exercises and group B was instructed to perform thera band exercises for 6 weeks. After pre-post assessment, data was analysed with the help of appropriate statistical methods. Results: According to the results there is significant increase in both right and left anterior, posteromedial and posterolateral directions with p value

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a disorder in which there is non-inflammatory structural breakdown of the plantar fascia. It is more common in sports that involve running and long- distance walking. Many of the literature suggest that there is 21.7 % of prevalence rate of plantar fasciitis in individuals who play sports, especially in football players who uses studs/cleats shoes. Attachment of the cleats place the foot in a dorsiflexed position throughout the stance phase of running which produces and increases pressure upon the calcaneus. This creates a pull from soft tissue attachments such as plantar fascia which further leads to disorders like plantar fasciitis which needs to be treated early and by more advanced techniques to prevent further overuse injuries. Objective: To find the effect of conventional physiotherapy exercises versus kinesiotaping in football players with plantar fasciitis. Material and Method: In this pre-post intervention study 40 football players having plantar fasciitis were included. They were randomly divided into 2 groups with 20 individuals each. Group A was treated with conventional exercises and Group B with kinesiotaping along with conventional exercises for two weeks. After pre-post assessment, data was analysed with help of appropriate statistical methods. Results: According to the result, in Group A and Group B there is significant difference in pain and measures of foot function index with p value < 0.0001. Conclusion: The results obtained by studying both the groups in this study suggests that in treatment of plantar fasciitis, Conventional Therapy along with Kinesiotaping is more effective than Conventional Therapy alone.

Background: Rounded shoulder is a common postural abnormality in young adults due to abnormal posture adaptation while working. It may lead to decrease in thoracic mobility and increase in intradiscal pressure. In severe cases breathing problem may occur due to changes in the anterio-posterior diameter. Few studies have shown the effect of elastic band exercise on rounded shoulder to improve the postural alignment. Shoulder stabilization exercises and pectoralis minor stretching is also effective in rounded shoulder. In these study structured exercise were use to correct the rounded shoulder posture and to prevent the further complication. Objective: To find out the effectiveness of structured exercise programme on subjects with rounded shoulder. Material and method: In this pre-post intervention study 32 individuals with rounded shoulders were included. They were randomly divided into 2 groups with 16 individuals in each group. Group A were treated with structured exercises and Group B were treated with elastic band exercises for 4 weeks. After pre-post assessment, data was analysed with the help of appropriate statistical methods. Results: According to the statistical analysis there is significant decrease in measurement of rounded shoulder in both Group A and Group B with p value

Security is becoming an important issue everywhere nowadays. Every person wants his house, factory, bank etc. to be secured. House security is becoming necessary as the possibilities of intrusion are increasing day by day. Here in this paper, we are trying to present research made on various door locking systems that have been used at homes, offices, shops, industries, etc. The research will also put some light on the pros and cons of the various door lock systems and the technology used in the respective systems. The research will include traditional door lock system, RFID based system, gesture-based systems, Bluetooth and GSM technology- based and various other technologies used in the door lock security systems. The advance in technology in each passing day can help us come across various technologies that can be used in the door lock security system. Since security is the major concern of the majority of the people at present, we feel research made on the various system relevant to the topic can help people to choose the best technology for their upcoming projects or make changes in the past projects and use effective door lock systems for their needs.