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The effects of oxygen plasma treatment on the surface properties of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) anodes and its ageing were investigated by chemical composition and work function measurements. We found that oxygen plasma treatment optimized the chemical composition and increased the work function, and thereby improved the surface properties of ITO. Yet such an improvement in the surface properties of ITO anodes due to oxygen plasma decayed with the increment of storage time after treatment. Furthermore, we studied the effect of ageing variation of surface properties of treated ITO anodes on the performance of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), in terms of the electroluminescence lifetime, efficiency, luminance and driving voltage. Experimental results reveal that the device performance of the OLEDs tends to become worse as the storage time increases. The performance of the device fabricated with treated ITO at 21 h after storage is almost the same as that of the untreated ITO. We suggest that the ITO substrates for OLEDs should be retreated by oxygen plasma treatment 21 h after storage. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

In this paper we have derived the generalized QNLS equation with considering the third-order dispersion and Kerr dispersion, which can be applicable to the femtosecond regime and is suitable for discussing the quantum properties of femtosecond solitons in single-mode optical fibers, as compared with its classical counterpart. This quantum operator equation can be solved by many methods such as the linearized perturbations and phase-space methods. Moreover, owing to the fact that this quantum equation is rather similar to its classical counterpart, all these methods can be facilitated to a great extent by citing correctly the classical results obtained before.

In this paper, a limited-view optical tomography technique is presented, which contains an orthographic holography system, an image processing system and the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART). Using this technique, the temperature field of a cross section in the flow of hot air from a nozzle is measured. The measured results are satisfactory.