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95 results on '"Leich, A."'

1. Type-II GaInAsSb/InP Uniform Absorber High Speed Uni-Traveling Carrier Photodiodes

Author

Rimjhim Chaudhary, Olivier Ostinelli, Diego Marti, Filippo Ciabattini, Sara Hamzeloui, Ralf Fluckiger, Colombo R. Bolognesi, Akshay M. Arabhavi, Wei Quan, and Martin Leich

Subjects
Uni-traveling carrier photodiodes (UTC-PDs), Materials science, business.industry, responsivity, InP, Doping, Photodetector, GaInAsSb, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cutoff frequency, transit limited bandwidth (fT), Photodiode, law.invention, Gallium arsenide, GaAsSb, Responsivity, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Indium phosphide, Optoelectronics, Ternary operation, business
Abstract

We report uniform Type-II GaInAsSb/InP UTC-PDs, and compare their performance to devices fabricated with GaAsSb uniform and graded (composition and doping) absorbers of the same thickness. The quaternary UTC-PDs show a transit limited bandwidth of 274 GHz in contrast to 107 and 185 GHz for uniform and graded GaAsSb absorber UTC-PDs. Because the uniform quaternary and ternary UTC-PDs only differ in their absorber material, the findings conclusively demonstrate enhanced transport in GaInAsSb. Performance comparison to GaInAs-based devices from the literature suggest that GaInAsSb is a superior absorber material for λ = 1.55 μm high-speed photodetectors. Additionally, the external responsivity of the GaInAsSb UTC-PDs (0.094 A/W) is ~34% higher than the GaAsSb PDs (0.070 A/W). This is the first demonstration of a quaternary GaInAsSb absorber in UTC-PDs., Journal of Lightwave Technology, 39 (7), ISSN:0733-8724, ISSN:1558-2213

Published
2021
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2. Investigation of Commercial Graphenes

Author

Peter Albers, Stewart F. Parker, Valeri Leich, and Jonas Hönig

Subjects
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Materials science, 010405 organic chemistry, Graphene, Sample (material), Communication, graphene, Infrared spectroscopy, General Chemistry, Commercial Sources, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Communications, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, lcsh:Chemistry, inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy, Chemical engineering, lcsh:QD1-999, law, transmission electron microscopy, Nanometre, Spectroscopy, Oxygenate
Abstract

For graphene to achieve its full scientific and commercial potential, reliable mass production of the material on the multi‐tonne scale is essential. We have investigated five samples of graphene obtained from commercial sources that state they can supply the product on the tonne scale per annum. From electron microscopy at the micrometre to the nanometre scale, and neutron vibrational spectroscopy, we find that none of the materials examined were 100 % isolated graphene sheets. In all cases, there was a substantial content of graphite‐like material. The samples exhibited varying oxygen contents, this could be present as carboxylic acid (although other oxygenates, quinones, phenols may also be present) or water. We emphasise that INS spectroscopy is particularly useful for the investigation of inorganic materials that will be used commercially: it provides atomic scale information from macroscopic (10’s of g) amounts of sample, thus ensuring that the results are truly representative., Commercial graphenes from five different sources have been investigated. None of them are present as 100 % isolated sheets, rather they are present as stacks as shown by tilting experiments in the TEM: left, flat on the support, right, tilted 90°. Neutron vibrational spectroscopy of bulk quantities (10’s of g) shows that there are a variety of chemical functionalities and species present in the, nominally, graphene sheets.

Published
2020

3. Perpetual Motion: Library of Congress Interaction with Russia, 1941-2015

Author

Harold M. Leich

Subjects
Linguistics and Language, Library of congress, law, Political science, Economic history, Perpetual motion, Library and Information Sciences, Soviet union, Period (music), law.invention
Abstract

This paper focuses on three important Library of Congress staff members from the period 1941–2015 to describe the library’s interaction with Russia and the Soviet Union and the buildup of the libra...

Published
2019
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4. A clinico-molecular predictor identifies follicular lymphoma patients at risk of early transformation after first-line immunotherapy

Author

Björn E. Wahlin, Eva Kimby, Bjørn Østenstad, Harald Holte, Sandra Lockmer, Andreas Rosenwald, Jillian F. Wise, Erlend B. Smeland, Ellen Leich, Chloé B. Steen, Ole Christian Lingjærde, Knut Liestøl, Marianne Brodtkorb, and June Helen Myklebust

Subjects
Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Follicular lymphoma, MEDLINE, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Online Only Articles, Prospective cohort study, Lymphoma, Follicular, Regulation of gene expression, business.industry, Hematology, Immunotherapy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Lymphoma, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Transformation (genetics), Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Female, business
Published
2019
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5. Flux Squeeze Reluctance Motor Improves Partial Load Efficiency in Vehicle Traction Applications

Author

Philip Hennig and Andreas Leich

Subjects
Electric machine, business.product_category, Computer science, Rotor (electric), medicine.medical_treatment, Electric machine Electric drive train Remagnetization loss Copper loss Partial load, Traction (orthopedics), Load profile, Switched reluctance motor, Automotive engineering, Reluctance motor, law.invention, law, medicine, Torque, Synchronous motor, business
Abstract

Permanent magnet excited (PMSM), externally excited synchronous machines and asynchronous machines (ASM) are state of the art in vehicle traction applications. Currently, the externally excited synchronous machine (EESM) has a high market share in Europe and also asynchronous motors are encountered in many battery electric (BEV) vehicle models still. However, the PMSM becomes the dominant type of vehicle traction drive in the product portfolios of the leading car manufacturers. The reason for this trend is that PMSM machines deliver torque at high efficiency over a wide range of load situations with no need for expensive rotor cooling in the typical load profile of a road vehicle. The main drawback of PMSMs: the mining of rare earth materials produces very harmful greenhouse gases. In the recent years, attempts were made to advance the switched reluctance motor (SRM) in order to make it suitable for traction applications. The advantage of SRM is that no permanent magnets are needed and its production cost is low. The most significant disadvantages are high torque ripple, noise, low efficiency in partial load situations and necessity for expensive rotor cooling. In this paper, the approach of a novel motor concept is shown that relies on seven phases. It overcomes the common drawbacks of SRM is a very promising concept for the next generation of electric vehicles.

Published
2021
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6. 2 MW peak power generation in fluorine co-doped Yb fiber prepared by powder-sinter technology

Author

Andre Kalide, Gerhard Schötz, Dörte Schönfeld, Adrian Lorenz, Andreas Langner, Katrin Wondraczek, Matthias Jäger, Martin Leich, Tina Eschrich, and Martin Lorenz

Subjects
Materials science, Optical fiber, business.industry, Amplifier, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Numerical aperture, law.invention, 010309 optics, Core (optical fiber), Optics, Electricity generation, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Single-core, Fiber, Laser beam quality, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

We report on the first, to the best of our knowledge, implementation of a fluorine co-doped large-mode-area REPUSIL fiber for high peak power amplification in an ultrashort-pulse master oscillator power amplifier. The core material of the investigated step-index fiber with high Yb-doping level, 52 µm core and high core-to-clad ratio of 1:4.2 was fabricated by means of the REPUSIL powder-sinter technology. The core numerical aperture was adjusted by fluorine codoping to 0.088. For achieving high beam quality and for ensuring a monolithic seed path, the LMA fiber is locally tapered. We demonstrate an Yb fiber amplifier with near-diffraction-limited beam quality of M 2 = 1.3 , which remains constant up to a peak power of 2 MW. This is a record for a tapered single core fiber.

Published
2020

7. Photodarkening in Yb-Doped Silica Fibers – Mitigation by Co-Doping and Thermal Effects

Author

Matthias Jäger, Martin Leich, Anka Schwuchow, Sonja Unger, and Sylvia Jetschke

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Doping, chemistry.chemical_element, Power performance, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Cerium, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, chemistry, law, Aluminium, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Photodarkening, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, Fiber, business
Abstract

Photodarkening in rare-earth doped fibers has been subject of intense research over the last decade as the main issue limiting high power performance and long-term stability of fiber lasers.Regarding our previous and most recent experiments on Yb-doped silica fibers, the relationship between photodarkening mitigation and fiber heat load will be discussed for the most prominent co-dopants. The main focus of attention will be paid on the mitigation of photodarkening by co-doping with aluminium and cerium. Beside this, we dedicate ourselves on the thermal properties of NIR-pumped fibers and show that, especially for high pump intensities, methods of PD mitigation can also result in a temperature enhancement of the active fiber. This can even become a critical issue for high power laser performance, e.g. by lowering the thermal mode instability threshold of LMA fibers.

Published
2018
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8. Laser beam quality improvement of REPUSIL-based rod amplifier with local short adiabatic taper (Conference Presentation)

Author

Hartmut Bartelt, Yuan Zhu, Tina Eschrich, Claudia Aichele, Martin Leich, Matthias Jäger, Martin Lorenz, and Jens Kobelke

Subjects
Multi-mode optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, Amplifier, Tapering, Cladding (fiber optics), Laser, Numerical aperture, law.invention, Optics, law, Laser beam quality, business, Refractive index
Abstract

Fiber amplifiers with a robust monolithic seed coupling and very high peak power in a near diffraction-limited beam are increasingly demanded by many industrial applications in laser materials processing. A tapered all-solid rod-type fiber amplifier scheme is proposed. The principle of this approach is the use of a local adiabatic taper to provide a monolithic signal path and selectively excite the fundamental mode in highly multimode fiber. A large mode area fiber is used to scale up the peak power and suppress the nonlinear effects. The powder-sintering technology (REPUSIL) was employed to achieve rod-type fibers with excellent refractive index homogeneity. In this work, we present a double-clad Yb3+-doped rod-type REPUSIL fiber with a core/clad diameter of 45µm/190µm and a core/clad numerical aperture of 0.09/0.19.This developed fiber has a relatively low Al3+-concentration to reduce diffusion during tapering and an optimized outer cladding material to reduce the taper process temperature. Finally it is demonstrated that the diffusion phenomenon is successfully eliminated and the near-diffraction limited beam quality during the amplification process is maintained. First experiments with improved Yb3+-doped rod-type amplifiers delivered 2ns pulses with peak powers of 210kW for the non-tapered rod and 140kW for the tapered rod (limited by facet damage). For the tapered fiber, the beam quality was between 1.3 and 1.7, significantly improved compared to the beam quality of the non-tapered fiber (M2 = 3.3 ~ 4.5). Future work will concentrate on adopting endcaps to protect the fiber facets from damage while scaling up the peak power.

Published
2018
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9. The Safety Impact of Additional Blue Lights of Rescue Vehicles

Author

Ragna Hoffmann, Markus Damböck, Andreas Leich, Thomas Stadler, Karsten Kozempel, Rainer Rauschenberger, Andreas Luber, Florian Biber, Hagen Saul, Uwe Kippnich, Risser, Ralf, and Pospíšil, Karel

Subjects
Risk, Computer science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Transportation, Context (language use), Video camera, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, law.invention, Flash (photography), Aeronautics, law, Institut für Verkehrssystemtechnik, 021105 building & construction, 0502 economics and business, Visibility, Applied Psychology, Civil and Structural Engineering, Road user, 050210 logistics & transportation, 05 social sciences, additional flash lights, Fender, Traffic Safety, Crash risk, Ambulance Vehicles, Crash frequency, Automotive Engineering
Abstract

This work is a preliminary study on behalf of the Bavarian Red Cross (BRK). It examines if and to what effect an impact on traffic safety can be measured when BRK ambulance vehicles are equipped with additional blue lights on the front fender next to the front lights. The high crash risk particular during emergency drives has been reported in numerous studies. The BRK endeavors to decrease the crash frequency of their ambulance vehicles by improving their visibility especially at intersections and narrow gateways. Therefore, additional side flash lights have been proposed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of these flash lights. In this context, emergency drives conducted with equipped and unequipped ambulance vehicles were compared. More precisely, the exit of a BRK station and the surrounding road segment was observed for 14 days by a video camera, which enables computer-vision aided analysis of the traffic. Within this time frame, 38 traffic situations of unequipped and 13 situations of equipped ambulance vehicles could be observed. The trajectories of interacting road users in these situations were analyzed. The use of Surrogate Safety measures appeared to be not practicable to obtain statistical significant results due to few interacting trajectories and no critical situations. Instead, indicators for the adaption of road users to ambulance cars leaving the station were used, like deceleration, position and time of braking and time of reaching walking speed. The indicators showed, that road users entered the observation area slower encountering equipped ambulance vehicles - probably due to prior braking - than was measured at emergency drives without additional flash lights. Furthermore, road users on average were breaking 3.5 m earlier, less intensely and reached walking speed 4 m earlier when ambulance vehicles were equipped with additional flash lights.

Published
2018

10. Hardware and software architecture of the upgraded H.E.S.S. cameras

Author

Francois Brun, A. Kretzschmann, P. Manigot, Mathieu de Naurois, Jean-Philippe Lenain, Kleopas Shiningayamwe, David Salek, Eric Delagnes, Marek Penno, G. Fontaine, A. Balzer, S. Bonnefoy, Thomas Schwab, Berrie Giebels, Stefan Klepser, Marko Kossatz, Thomas Chaminade, V. Lefranc, Emmanuel Moulin, Terry Ashton, Iryna Lypova, David Berge, Stefan Ohm, J. Thornhill, Jean-Francois Glicenstein, Albert Jahnke, Jim Hinton, D. Ross, Michael Backes, Constantin Steppa, Markus Schade, Vincent Marandon, Tobias Gräber, H. Leich, Gianluca Giavitto, Francois Toussnel, P. Nayman, H. Lüdecke, C. Stegmann, Matthias Fuessling, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA/DSM Centre de Saclay (CEA/DSM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Collège de France (CdF), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
Ethernet, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Computer science, FOS: Physical sciences, Integrated circuit, programming, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Software, law, HESS, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Electronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), activity report, Flexibility (engineering), business.industry, hep-ex, integrated circuit, Modular design, electronics: communications, detector: upgrade, Upgrade, Cherenkov counter, electronics: readout, upgrade, control system, business, Software architecture, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer hardware, Particle Physics - Experiment, astro-ph.IM, electronics: design
Abstract

In 2015/16, the photomultiplier cameras of the H.E.S.S. Cherenkov telescopes CT1-4 have undergone a major upgrade. The entire electronics has been replaced, using NECTAr chips for the front-end readout. A new ventilation system has been installed and several auxiliary components have been replaced. Besides this, the internal control and readout software was rewritten from scratch in a modern and modular way. Ethernet technology was used wherever possible to ensure both flexibility, stability and high bandwidth. An overview of the installed components will be given. In 2015/16, the photomultiplier cameras of the H.E.S.S. Cherenkov telescopes CT1-4 have undergone a major upgrade. The entire electronics has been replaced, using NECTAr chips for the front-end readout. A new ventilation system has been installed and several auxiliary components have been replaced. Besides this, the internal control and readout software was rewritten from scratch in a modern and modular way. Ethernet technology was used wherever possible to ensure both flexibility, stability and high bandwidth. An overview of the installed components will be given.

Published
2017
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11. Temperature effects in core-pumped Yb fibers and their correlation to photodarkening

Author

Julia Fiebrandt, Matthias Jäger, Sylvia Jetschke, Martin Becker, Martin Leich, Anka Schwuchow, and Sonja Unger

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Transverse mode, law.invention, 010309 optics, Core (optical fiber), Optics, Fiber Bragg grating, law, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, Photodarkening, Laser beam quality, Laser power scaling, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Owing to their high beam quality and enormous power scalability, Yb-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers are currently employed for many scientific and industrial applications. However, photodarkening losses and high operating temperatures can limit their performance or even destroy the laser itself. PD loss reduces the laser efficiency during run-time of fiber laser. Technically, this problem can be compensated by enhancing the pump power. But it has been shown that beyond the quantum defect caused by the Stokes shift, also PD losses contribute to the heat load of a fiber laser and thereby can cause damage at high power. Another consequence of heat load is the significant reduction of the beam quality as well as the transverse mode instability threshold [1]. The appropriate solution for overcoming this limitation is the drastic reduction of PD, which can be achieved by co-doping, e.g. with phosphorous, aluminium and cerium.

Published
2017
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12. Laser peak power scaling and beam quality improvement with a tapered ytterbium rod-type amplifier made by powder sinter technology

Author

Martin Lorenz, Matthias Jäger, Stephan Grimm, Yuan Zhu, Martin Leich, Hartmut Bartelt, Jens Kobelke, and Claudia Aichele

Subjects
Mode volume, Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Polarization-maintaining optical fiber, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, Double-clad fiber, law, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion-shifted fiber, Laser beam quality, Laser power scaling, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

At present, the combination of high peak power and near diffraction-limited beam quality is essential for high-power pulsed fiber laser systems combining nanosecond pulses with multi-kilohertz repetition rates. In standard fiber amplifier, parasitic nonlinear effects limit further power scaling due to the small active fiber core. Therefore the scaling to larger effective mode areas (LMA) is a promising solution to suppress nonlinear optical effects and to scale up the peak power [1, 2]. However increasing the fiber core size can severely degrade the fundamental mode operation and beam quality due to the excitation of higher order modes.

Published
2017
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13. Combined effect of Yb inversion and pump photons on photodarkening in Yb laser fibers: experiments and model considerations

Author

Martin Leich, Sylvia Jetschke, U. Ropke, and Sonja Unger

Subjects
Stretched exponential function, Materials science, Photon, Physics::Optics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Inversion (meteorology), Chemical vapor deposition, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, law, Fiber laser, Phenomenological model, Photodarkening, Atomic physics
Abstract

For constant Yb inversion and to increase pump power in the fiber core, a strong acceleration of the photodarkening (PD) process and a reduction in PD loss have been observed. The PD parameters determined by fitting the measured curves with the stretched exponential function are linked to the activation and deactivation rates of micro-optic centers (PD complexes). A phenomenological model is shown to reasonably describe the combined effect of Yb inversion and a direct influence of the pump power on these rates. It also offers the possibility of extrapolating the PD parameters to yield higher powers in the core of Yb fiber lasers.

Published
2019
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14. A Major Upgrade of the H.E.S.S. Cherenkov Cameras

Author

P. Manigot, Constantin Steppa, Vincent Marandon, V. Lefranc, Marek Penno, Mathieu de Naurois, Terry Ashton, Francois Toussnel, Rachel Simoni, David Salek, P. Nayman, Thomas Chaminade, Albert Jahnke, Iryna Lypova, H. Lüdecke, C. Stegmann, Markus Schade, Stefan Ohm, H. Leich, M. Füßling, D. Ross, S. Klepser, Eric Delagnes, A. Kretzschmann, Thomas Schwab, B. Giebels, Jim Hinton, Marko Kossatz, J. Thornhill, Jean-Francois Glicenstein, Gianluca Giavitto, Emmanuel Moulin, Tobias Gräber, Francois Brun, G. Fontaine, A. Balzer, David Berge, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
Computer science, data acquisition, QC1-999, Integrated circuit, Cherenkov counter: atmosphere, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, programming, law.invention, Telescope, Data acquisition, law, Observatory, HESS, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Stereoscopic System, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, detector: design, activity report, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Physics, integrated circuit, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Engineering physics, Upgrade, electronics: readout, upgrade, control system, business, Computer hardware, performance
Abstract

International audience; The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) located in Namibia. It was built to detect Very High Energy (VHE, >100 GeV) cosmic gamma rays, and consists of four 12 m diameter Cherenkov telescopes (CT1-4), built in 2003, and a larger 28 m telescope (CT5), built in 2012. The larger mirror surface of CT5 permits to lower the energy threshold of the array down to 30 GeV. The cameras of CT1-4 are currently undergoing an extensive upgrade, with the goals of reducing their failure rate, reducing their readout dead time and improving the overall performance of the array. The entire camera electronics has been renewed from ground-up, as well as the power, ventilation and pneumatics systems, and the control and data acquisition software. Technical solutions forseen for the next-generation Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory have been introduced, most notably the readout is based on the NECTAr analog memory chip. The camera control subsystems and the control software framework also pursue an innovative design, increasing the camera performance, robustness and flexibility. The CT1 camera has been upgraded in July 2015 and is currently taking data; CT2-4 will upgraded in Fall 2016. Together they will assure continuous operation of H.E.S.S at its full sensitivity until and possibly beyond the advent of CTA. This contribution describes the design, the testing and the in-lab and on-site performance of all components of the newly upgraded H.E.S.S. camera.

Published
2017
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15. The upgrade of the H.E.S.S. cameras

Author

Marko Kossatz, Francois Toussnel, M. Füßling, Marek Penno, Markus Schade, Thomas Chaminade, Albert Jahnke, J. Thornhill, C. Stegmann, P. Manigot, Rachel Simoni, P. Nayman, Stefan Ohm, Constantin Steppa, Francois Brun, Jim Hinton, H. Leich, Stefan Klepser, Terry Ashton, Emmanuel Moulin, Vincent Marandon, Mathieu de Naurois, Gianluca Giavitto, Jean-Francois Glicenstein, V. Lefranc, H. Lüdecke, Iryna Lypova, Eric Delagnes, D. Ross, Thomas Schwab, D. Salek, David Berge, A. Kretzschmann, Tobias Gräber, G. Fontaine, A. Balzer, B. Giebels, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, University of Leicester, Gravitation AstroParticle Physics Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computer and Information Sciences [Univ Strathclyde], University of Strathclyde [Glasgow], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
detector: technology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, NECTAr chip, Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, data acquisition, Continuous operation, engineering, IACT, programming, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Data acquisition, Software, Observatory, law, Robustness (computer science), HESS, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, High Energy Stereoscopic System, Cherenkov counter: imaging, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Field-programmable gate array, Instrumentation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, activity report, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, PMT readout, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, HESS upgrade, Dead time, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Chip, detector: upgrade, Upgrade, electronics: readout, photon: detector, control system, Atmospheric Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes, business, performance, Computer hardware
Abstract

International audience; The High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) is an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) located in the Khomas highland in Namibia. It was built to detect Very High Energy (VHE >100GeV ) cosmic gamma rays. Since 2003, HESS has discovered the majority of the known astrophysical VHE gamma-ray sources, opening a new observational window on the extreme non-thermal processes at work in our universe. HESS consists of four 12-m diameter Cherenkov telescopes (CT1–4), which started data taking in 2002, and a larger 28-m telescope (CT5), built in 2012, which lowers the energy threshold of the array to 30GeV . The cameras of CT1–4 are currently undergoing an extensive upgrade, with the goals of reducing their failure rate, reducing their readout dead time and improving the overall performance of the array. The entire camera electronics has been renewed from ground-up, as well as the power, ventilation and pneumatics systems, and the control and data acquisition software. Only the PMTs and their HV supplies have been kept from the original cameras. Novel technical solutions have been introduced, which will find their way into some of the Cherenkov cameras foreseen for the next-generation Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory. In particular, the camera readout system is the first large-scale system based on the analog memory chip NECTAr, which was designed for CTA cameras. The camera control subsystems and the control software framework also pursue an innovative design, exploiting cutting-edge hardware and software solutions which excel in performance, robustness and flexibility. The CT1 camera has been upgraded in July 2015 and is currently taking data; CT2-4 have been upgraded in fall 2016. Together they will assure continuous operation of HESS at its full sensitivity until and possibly beyond the advent of CTA. This contribution describes the design, the testing and the in-lab and on-site performance of all components of the newly upgraded HESS camera.

Published
2016
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16. Study of Lanthanum Aluminum Silicate Glasses for Passive and Active Optical Fibers

Author

Jens Kobelke, Georges Humbert, Stephan Grimm, Kay Schuster, Anne Ludwig, Sylvia Jetschke, Martin Leich, Anka Schwuchow, Doris Litzkendorf, Jean-Louis Auguste, Johannes Kirchhof, Jan Dellith, Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), IPHT Jena: Institute of Photonic Technology, IPHT - Institute of Photonic Technology, IPHT Jena: Institute of Photonic Technology-IPHT Jena: Institute of Photonic Technology, PHOTONIQUE (XLIM-PHOTONIQUE), XLIM (XLIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
All-silica fiber, Optical fiber, Materials science, Plastic-clad silica fiber, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cladding (fiber optics), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Zero-dispersion wavelength, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Reference surface, General Materials Science, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

We are reporting on SiO2-Al2O3-La2O3 glasses—with and without Yb2O3—suitable for nonlinear and fiber laser applications. We will also be presenting successful supercontinuum generation and fiber laser operation around 1060 nm in step-index fibers. We optimized the glass compositions in terms of thermal and optical requirements for both a high La2O3 and Yb2O3 concentration and good compatibility with a silica cladding. We also produced bulk samples, unstructured fibers, and structured fibers with a SiO2-Al2O3-La2O3 core and silica cladding for this purpose.

Published
2012
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17. On-load tap changer diagnosis-an off-line method for detecting degradation and defects: part 2

Author

Johan J. Smit, R. Leich, J.J. Erbrink, B. Quak, Ryszard A. Malewski, and Edward Gulski

Subjects
Engineering, Flowchart, Warning system, business.industry, Contact resistance, Tap changer, Boundary values, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Dynamic resistance, law.invention, Control theory, law, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Transformer, Off line
Abstract

The following conclusions may be drawn from the material presented above: 1. Dynamic resistance measurements on OLTCs provide early warning of developing faults. They may be used to assign condition indices based on dynamic resistance boundary values. 2. The boundary values can be derived from field measurements, laboratory experiments, and failure investigations. 3. Using a flowchart in conjunction with the dynamic resistance data greatly simplifies the condition index assignment.

Published
2011
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18. Tm3+/Ho3+ co-doped germanate glass and double-clad optical fiber for broadband emission and lasing above 2 µm

Author

Agata Baranowska, Dominik Dorosz, Marcin Kochanowicz, Matthias Jäger, Marta Kuwik, Martin Leich, Anka Schwuchow, Jacek Zmojda, Joanna Pisarska, Piotr Miluski, and Wojciech A. Pisarski

Subjects
Amplified spontaneous emission, Optical fiber, Materials science, Laser diode, business.industry, Broadband emission, 02 engineering and technology, Low phonon energy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, 010309 optics, Full width at half maximum, Glass system, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Germanate, 0210 nano-technology, business, Lasing threshold, Excitation
Abstract

In this paper, a 2 μm broadband emission under 796 nm laser diode excitation in low phonon energy GeO2-Ga2O3-BaO glass system is co-doped with 0.7Tm2O3/(0.07-0.7)Ho2O3 (mol%). The widest emission band (where the Tm3+ → Ho3+ energy transfer efficiency is 63%) was obtained for 0.7Tm2O3/0.15Ho2O3 co-doped glass from which a double-clad optical fiber was realized and investigated. Optimization of Tm3+/Ho3+ concentration enabled the acquisition of broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in double-clad optical fiber with a full width at half maximum (FWHM): 377 nm and 662 nm for 3 dB and 10 dB bandwidth, respectively. ASE spectrum is a result of the superposition of (Tm3+: 3H4 →Η3F4) 1.45 μm, (Tm3+: 3F4 → 3H6) 1.8 μm and (Ho3+:5I7 → 5I8) 2 μm emission bands. Hence, highly rare-earth co-doped germanate glass is characterized by a remarkably broader ASE spectrum than silica and tellurite fibers showed promising lasing properties for their further application in tunable and dual wavelength lasers.

Published
2019
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19. Linkage of photodarkening parameters to microscopic quantities in Yb-doped fiber material

Author

Martin Leich, U. Ropke, and Sylvia Jetschke

Subjects
Statistical ensemble, Photon, Optical fiber, Materials science, Doping, Relaxation process, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, 010309 optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Photodarkening, Relaxation (physics), Fiber, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We present a microscopic model that adequately describes experimental experiences of photodarkening (PD) investigations and is based on appropriate micro-optical mechanisms. The PD effect is treated as a relaxation process of a statistical ensemble of micro-optic centers (PD complexes) that are reversibly converted into color centers by the energy of pump photons, causing the measurable PD loss. The measurement parameters prove to be fundamental for the dynamics and statistics of the PD complexes and thus have deeper physical or statistical significance. Our model is based on measurements on pristine fiber samples. Its performance is supported by its applicability to relaxation processes in nonpristine samples.

Published
2018
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20. A search for flaring very-high-energy cosmic gamma-ray sources with the L3+C muon spectrometer

Author

M. Zöller, S.K. Gupta, C. Schäfer, V. Schegelsky, Francesco Becattini, Z.Q. Yu, X.L. Wang, H. Rykaczewski, D. Ren, K. Deiters, M. Napolitano, P. Extermann, S. Rosier-Lees, Jean Fay, Pablo Garcia-Abia, T. Novak, S.N. Ganguli, J. M. Le Goff, K. Mazumdar, S. Sushkov, H.S. Chen, U. Becker, Christoph Paus, P. Spillantini, A. Shvorob, K.C. Ravindran, M. Kräber, P. Lebrun, V. Kantserov, R. Vasquez, P. Raics, M. Chamizo, Z.A. Liu, Y.Q. Ma, G. Alemanni, Q. Wang, S. Braccini, F. Cavallari, R.W. Kraemer, Alexandre Sakharov, M. Pioppi, F. Brochu, B. Monteleoni, C.R. Qing, S. Natale, B. Schoeneich, Samuel C.C. Ting, N. Raja, I. Duran, Y. Lei, R. Ofierzynski, L. Romero, J. Casaus, C.H. Lin, J.S. Xu, G. Viertel, D. Haas, M. Pohl, A. Zichichi, C. Luci, W. Lustermann, H.H. Kuang, S. Gentile, F. Denotaristefani, D. Hatzifotiadou, S. Cucciarelli, A. Cartacci, G.M. Chen, D della Volpe, D. Teyssier, H.J. Grabosch, B. Bertucci, B.Z. Yang, A. Chen, M. Vivargent, V.P. Andreev, R. Berbeco, S. Likhoded, S. Banerjee, H.L. Zhuang, Yu. Zalite, J. Mnich, G.B. Mohanty, S. Sarkar, B. Stoyanov, P. Lecomte, M. Gataullin, Z.Z. Xu, L. Luminari, Dimitri Bourilkov, H. Schopper, R. T. Van de Walle, L. Cifarelli, P. G. Rancoita, S. Pensotti, X. W. Wang, K.L. Tung, S. Roth, S. Reucroft, G.J. Bobbink, R. Ramelli, F. Pierella, M. Aguilar-Benitez, M. Chemarin, B.P. Roe, M. Lebeau, C. Zhang, X.H. Ma, R. Battiston, X.F. Yang, Gyorgy Vesztergombi, O. Fedin, A. Engler, B. Echenard, G.Y. Zhu, G. Ruggiero, A. Bay, L.Z. Sun, P. Tarjan, N. Cavallo, A. Bajo, Y.S. Lu, W.G. Ma, W.J. Burger, R. Barillère, T. Aziz, R. Ranieri, M. Levtchenko, Michele Guida, A.X. Huo, C. Timmermans, L.K. Ding, P. Déglon, C.G. Yang, Y.P. Xu, W. Lohmann, P. Le Coultre, M. Yang, M. Diemoz, A. Hervé, A.A. Vorobyov, S.V. Baldew, G. Trowitzsch, S. Zhang, J. Pothier, C. Rosenbleck, A. Eline, M. Wadhwa, T. Paul, G. Baksay, Z.X. He, M. Felcini, I. Clare, R. Saidi, J. Tóth, A. Doria, G. Chiefari, G.S. Muanza, S. Bottai, E. Kok, M. Hohlmann, J. Kuijpers, V. Veszpremi, A. Biland, J.J. Blaising, G. Rahal-Callot, S.C. Tonwar, D. Duchesneau, J. Allaby, Z.M. Wang, S. Giagu, I. Pal, A. Böhm, H. Newman, Vivien Schmitt, M. Meschini, Dong-Chul Son, S.C. Yeh, M. Musy, P.H. Fisher, L. Malgeri, G. Mirabelli, D. Perret-Gallix, D. Prokofiev, M. Kopal, P. Denes, L. Tauscher, M. Basile, H. Anderhub, J.D. Burger, V.A. Naumov, M. Kaur, A. Lebedev, J. Mans, G. Cara Romeo, J. Hirschfelder, M.A. Rahaman, G. Passaleva, S. Kawakami, S. Riemann, B.L. Betev, E. Longo, L. Baksay, Y.N. Guo, M.T. Dova, J. Ulbricht, F. Zhang, A. Kunin, B. De La Cruz, G. Chen, J. K. Kim, B. Petersen, N. Shivarov, H.J. Yang, M. Unger, X.W. Tang, Luca Lista, R. van Wijk, S.J. Zhou, I. Fisk, A. Barczyk, Joseph Quartieri, J.D. Swain, Z.G. Yao, G. Landi, H. Hofer, S. Villa, S. Costantini, J. Salicio, L.J. Gutay, G. Faber, P. Rewiersma, S. Saremi, S.R. Hou, Jasper Kirkby, M. A. Falagan, A. Aloisio, K. Freudenreich, M. Duda, S.C. Blyth, A. J.W. van Mil, P. Levtchenko, D. Piccolo, V. Koutsenko, C. Dionisi, L. Xia, Marcos Cerrada, K. Riles, G. Carlino, B.N. Jin, M. Dierckxsens, Y. Hayashi, P.A. Piroué, C.Q. Shen, C. Maña, R. Leiste, A. Straessner, T.A.M. Wijnen, Q.Q. Zhu, A. El Hage, H.F. Chen, R. de Asmundis, M. Pedace, Sw. Banerjee, Laszlo Boldizsar, X.D. Cai, G. Coignet, Imad Baptiste Laktineh, M.W. Gruenewald, M. Pauluzzi, A. Arefiev, M.N. Kienzle-Focacci, S. Mele, A.J.M. Muijs, E. Pistolesi, H. Suter, R.Y. Zhu, E. Shumilov, M. Capell, K. Sudhakar, F. Anselmo, O. Adriani, C.L. Jing, Axel König, A. Krüger, A. Nisati, M. Biasini, C. Souga, Z.C. Li, L. Merola, V. Shoutko, A. Favara, V. Plyaskin, H. Nowak, H. El Mamouni, R.R. Mcneil, H. Leich, H. Verkooijen, J. Zhao, A. Mihul, P. Jindal, A. Raspereza, W. C. Fisher, P. Bagnaia, W. Kittel, L. Taylor, D. Vicinanza, J. Alcaraz, S. Falciano, G. Organtini, A. Malinin, P. Ladron de Guevara, C. Palomares, A. De Salvo, H. Groenstege, S.M. Ting, I. Josa-Mutuberria, L. Servoli, A. Klimentov, P. Berges, B. Tellili, S. Patricelli, An. Zalite, M. Biglietti, G. Holzner, S. Wynhoff, D.P. Stickland, G. Sultanov, R. Clare, P. de Jong, X.W. Meng, Z.P. Zhang, J. Berdugo, W.T. Lin, A. Gurtu, E. J. Sanchez, T. Chiarusi, P. Lecoq, I. Vetlitsky, Helmut Vogel, A. Degré, P. Razis, R.G. Wang, J. P. Martin, A. Korn, V.K. Gupta, P. Bartalini, H. Vogt, L.W. Jones, C. Li, L. Li, T. Hebbeker, F. Marzano, H. Wilkens, C. Cecchi, J. Bähr, Wesley James Metzger, J. Zhang, H. Milcent, G. Grenier, A. Rosca, Yu. Galaktionov, J. Debreczeni, F. Cindolo, M. van den Akker, Z.F. Gong, H. Sulanke, M. Bourquin, T. Azemoon, M. Steuer, S. Vlachos, D.J. Schotanus, R. Paramatti, P. Paolucci, B. Zimmermann, B. Musicar, F.L. Linde, Z. Szillasi, M. Weber, J.A. Rubio, F. Pauss, H. Fesefeldt, P. Achard, S. Shevchenko, B. Borgia, M. Rescigno, V. Pojidaev, E. Fiandrini, J.H. Field, C. Sciacca, J.-F. Parriaud, O. Grimm, A. Rojkov, N. Ito, Frank Filthaut, F.J. Eppling, C. Furetta, I. Vodopianov, I. Vorobiev, K. Dehmelt, M. Pieri, J.G. Branson, C. Rosemann, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, Ch. Haller, R. Nahnhauer, G. Forconi, M.G. Alviggi, Christopher George Tully, E. Valente, N. Batalova, Nicanor Colino, Yuan-Hann Chang, S. Nagy, E. Delmeire, L. Bellucci, A. Zwart, F. Behner, T. Ferguson, M. Dittmar, Adriani, O, Aguilar Benitez, M, van den Akker, M, Alcaraz, J, Alemanni, G, Allaby, J, Aloisio, A, Alviggi, M, Anderhub, H, Andreev, V, Anselmo, F, Arefiev, A, Azemoon, T, Aziz, T, Bagnaia, P, Bajo, A, Baksay, G, Baksay, L, Bähr, J, Baldew, S, Banerjee, S, Barczyk, A, Barillère, R, Bartalini, P, Basile, M, Batalova, N, Battiston, R, Bay, A, Becattini, F, Becker, U, Behner, F, Bellucci, L, Berbeco, R, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Betev, B, Biasini, M, Biglietti, M, Biland, A, Blaising, J, Blyth, S, Bobbink, G, Böhm, A, Boldizsar, L, Borgia, B, Bottai, S, Bourilkov, D, Bourquin, M, Braccini, S, Branson, J, Brochu, F, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Romeo, G, Carlino, G, Cartacci, A, Casaus, J, Cavallari, F, Cavallo, N, Cecchi, C, Cerrada, M, Chamizo, M, Chang, Y, Chemarin, M, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chiarusi, T, Chiefari, G, Cifarelli, L, Cindolo, F, Clare, I, Clare, R, Coignet, G, Colino, N, Costantini, S, de La Cruz, B, Cucciarelli, S, de Asmundis, R, Déglon, P, Debreczeni, J, Degré, A, Dehmelt, K, Deiters, K, Della Volpe, D, Delmeire, E, Denes, P, Denotaristefani, F, de Salvo, A, Diemoz, M, Dierckxsens, M, Ding, L, Dionisi, C, Dittmar, M, Doria, A, Dova, M, Duchesneau, D, Duda, M, Duran, I, Echenard, B, Eline, A, El Hage, A, El Mamouni, H, Engler, A, Eppling, F, Extermann, P, Faber, G, Falagan, M, Falciano, S, Favara, A, Fay, J, Fedin, O, Felcini, M, Ferguson, T, Fesefeldt, H, Fiandrini, E, Field, J, Filthaut, F, Fisher, P, Fisher, W, Fisk, I, Forconi, G, Freudenreich, K, Furetta, C, Galaktionov, Y, Ganguli, S, Garcia Abia, P, Gataullin, M, Gentile, S, Giagu, S, Gong, Z, Grabosch, H, Grenier, G, Grimm, O, Groenstege, H, Gruenewald, M, Guida, M, Guo, Y, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Gurtu, A, Gutay, L, Haas, D, Haller, C, Hatzifotiadou, D, Hayashi, Y, He, Z, Hebbeker, T, Hervé, A, Hirschfelder, J, Hofer, H, Hohlmann, M, Holzner, G, Hou, S, Huo, A, Ito, N, Jin, B, Jindal, P, Jing, C, Jones, L, de Jong, P, Josa Mutuberría, I, Kantserov, V, Kaur, M, Kawakami, S, Kienzle Focacci, M, Kim, J, Kirkby, J, Kittel, W, Klimentov, A, König, A, Kok, E, Korn, A, Kopal, M, Koutsenko, V, Kräber, M, Kuang, H, Kraemer, R, Krüger, A, Kuijpers, J, Kunin, A, de Guevara, P, Laktineh, I, Landi, G, Lebeau, M, Lebedev, A, Lebrun, P, Lecomte, P, Lecoq, P, Coultre, P, Goff, J, Lei, Y, Leich, H, Leiste, R, Levtchenko, M, Levtchenko, P, Li, C, Li, L, Li, Z, Likhoded, S, Lin, C, Lin, W, Linde, F, Lista, L, Liu, Z, Lohmann, W, Longo, E, Lu, Y, Luci, C, Luminari, L, Lustermann, W, Ma, W, Ma, X, Ma, Y, Malgeri, L, Malinin, A, Maña, C, Mans, J, Martin, J, Marzano, F, Mazumdar, K, Mcneil, R, Mele, S, Meng, X, Merola, L, Meschini, M, Metzger, W, Mihul, A, van Mil, A, Milcent, H, Mirabelli, G, Mnich, J, Mohanty, G, Monteleoni, B, Muanza, G, Muijs, A, Musicar, B, Musy, M, Nagy, S, Nahnhauer, R, Naumov, V, Natale, S, Napolitano, M, Nessi Tedaldi, F, Newman, H, Nisati, A, Novak, T, Nowak, H, Ofierzynski, R, Organtini, G, Pal, I, Palomares, C, Paolucci, P, Paramatti, R, Parriaud, J, Passaleva, G, Patricelli, S, Paul, T, Pauluzzi, M, Paus, C, Pauss, F, Pedace, M, Pensotti, S, Perret Gallix, D, Petersen, B, Piccolo, D, Pierella, F, Pieri, M, Pioppi, M, Piroué, P, Pistolesi, E, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Pojidaev, V, Pothier, J, Prokofiev, D, Quartieri, J, Qing, C, Rahal Callot, G, Rahaman, M, Raics, P, Raja, N, Ramelli, R, Rancoita, P, Ranieri, R, Raspereza, A, Ravindran, K, Razis, P, Ren, D, Rescigno, M, Reucroft, S, Rewiersma, P, Riemann, S, Riles, K, Roe, B, Rojkov, A, Romero, L, Rosca, A, Rosemann, C, Rosenbleck, C, Rosier Lees, S, Roth, S, Rubio, J, Ruggiero, G, Rykaczewski, H, Saidi, R, Sakharov, A, Saremi, S, Sarkar, S, Salicio, J, Sanchez, E, Schäfer, C, Schegelsky, V, Schmitt, V, Schoeneich, B, Schopper, H, Schotanus, D, Sciacca, C, Servoli, L, Shen, C, Shevchenko, S, Shivarov, N, Shoutko, V, Shumilov, E, Shvorob, A, Son, D, Souga, C, Spillantini, P, Steuer, M, Stickland, D, Stoyanov, B, Straessner, A, Sudhakar, K, Sulanke, H, Sultanov, G, Sun, L, Sushkov, S, Suter, H, Swain, J, Szillasi, Z, Tang, X, Tarjan, P, Tauscher, L, Taylor, L, Tellili, B, Teyssier, D, Timmermans, C, Ting, S, Tonwar, S, Tóth, J, Trowitzsch, G, Tully, C, Tung, K, Ulbricht, J, Unger, M, Valente, E, Verkooijen, H, van de Walle, R, Vasquez, R, Veszpremi, V, Vesztergombi, G, Vetlitsky, I, Vicinanza, D, Viertel, G, Villa, S, Vivargent, M, Vlachos, S, Vodopianov, I, Vogel, H, Vogt, H, Vorobiev, I, Vorobyov, A, Wadhwa, M, Wang, R, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Weber, M, van Wijk, R, Wijnen, T, Wilkens, H, Wynhoff, S, Xia, L, Xu, Y, Xu, J, Xu, Z, Yang, B, Yang, C, Yang, H, Yang, M, Yang, X, Yao, Z, Yeh, S, Yu, Z, Zalite, A, Zalite, Y, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zhao, J, Zhou, S, Zhu, G, Zhu, R, Zhu, Q, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Zöller, M, Zwart, A, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3, P. ACHARD, O. ADRIANI, M. AGUILAR-BENITEZ, M. VAN DEN AKKER, J. ALCARAZ, G. ALEMANNI, J. ALLABY, A. ALOISIO, M.G. ALVIGGI, H. ANDERHUB, V.P. ANDREEV, F. ANSELMO, A. AREFIEV, T. AZEMOON, T. AZIZ, P. BAGNAIA, A. BAJO, G. BAKSAY, L. BAKSAY, S.V. BALDEW, S. BANERJEE, SW. BANERJEE, A. BARCZYK, R. BARILLÈRE, P. BARTALINI, M. BASILE, N. BATALOVA, R. BATTISTON, A. BAY, F. BECATTINI, U. BECKER, F. BEHNER, L. BELLUCCI, R. BERBECO, J. BERDUGO, P. BERGES, B. BERTUCCI, B.L. BETEV, M. BIASINI, M. BIGLIETTI, A. BILAND, J.J. BLAISING, S.C. BLYTH, G.J. BOBBINK, A. BÖHM, L. BOLDIZSAR, B. BORGIA, S. BOTTAI, D. BOURILKOV, M. BOURQUIN, S. BRACCINI, J.G. BRANSON, F. BROCHU, J.D. BURGER, W.J. BURGER, X.D. CAI, M. CAPELL, G. CARA ROMEO, G. CARLINO, A. CARTACCI, J. CASAUS, F. CAVALLARI, N. CAVALLO, C. CECCHI, M. CERRADA, M. CHAMIZO, Y.H. CHANG, M. CHEMARIN, A. CHEN, G. CHEN, G.M. CHEN, H.F. CHEN, H.S. CHEN, G. CHIEFARI, L. CIFARELLI, F. CINDOLO, I. CLARE, R. CLARE, G. COIGNET, N. COLINO, S. COSTANTINI, B. DE LA CRUZ, S. CUCCIARELLI, R. DE ASMUNDIS, P. DÉGLON, J. DEBRECZENI, A. DEGRÉ, K. DEHMELT, K. DEITERS, D. DELLA VOLPE, E. DELMEIRE, P. DENES, F. DE NOTARISTEFANI, A. DE SALVO, M. DIEMOZ, M. DIERCKXSENS, C. DIONISI, M. DITTMAR, A. DORIA, M.T. DOVA, D. DUCHESNEAU, M. DUDA, B. ECHENARD, A. ELINE, A. EL HAGE, H. EL MAMOUNI, A. ENGLER, F.J. EPPLING, P. EXTERMANN, M.A. FALAGAN, S. FALCIANO, A. FAVARA, J. FAY, O. FEDIN, M. FELCINI, T. FERGUSON, H. FESEFELDT, E. FIANDRINI, J.H. FIELD, F. FILTHAUT, P.H. FISHER, W. FISHER, G. FORCONI, K. FREUDENREICH, C. FURETTA, YU. GALAKTIONOV, S.N. GANGULI, P. GARCIA-ABIA, M. GATAULLIN, S. GENTILE, S. GIAGU, Z.F. GONG, G. GRENIER, O. GRIMM, M.W. GRUENEWALD, M. GUIDA, V.K. GUPTA, A. GURTU, L.J. GUTAY, D. HAAS, D. HATZIFOTIADOU, T. HEBBEKER, A. HERVÉ, J. HIRSCHFELDER, H. HOFER, M. HOHLMANN, G. HOLZNER, S.R. HOU, B.N. JIN, P. JINDAL, L.W. JONES, P. DE JONG, I. JOSA-MUTUBERRÍA, M. KAUR, M.N. KIENZLE-FOCACCI, J.K. KIM, J. KIRKBY, W. KITTEL, A. KLIMENTOV, A.C. KÖNIG, M. KOPAL, V. KOUTSENKO, M. KRÄBER, R.W. KRAEMER, A. KRÜGER, A. KUNIN, P. LADRON DE GUEVARA, I. LAKTINEH, G. LANDI, M. LEBEAU, A. LEBEDEV, P. LEBRUN, P. LECOMTE, P. LECOQ, P. LE COULTRE, J.M. LE GOFF, R. LEISTEA, M. LEVTCHENKO, P. LEVTCHENKO, C. LI, S. LIKHODED, C.H. LIN, W.T. LIN, F.L. LINDE, L. LISTA, Z.A. LIU, W. LOHMANN, E. LONGO, Y.S. LU, C. LUCI, L. LUMINARI, W. LUSTERMANN, W.G. MA, L. MALGERI, A. MALININ, C. MAÑA, J. MANS, J.P. MARTIN, F. MARZANO, K. MAZUMDAR, R.R. MCNEIL, S. MELE, L. MEROLA, M. MESCHINI, W.J. METZGER, A. MIHUL, H. MILCENT, G. MIRABELLI, J. MNICH, G.B. MOHANTY, G.S. MUANZA, A.J.M. MUIJS, M. MUSY, S. NAGY, S. NATALE, M. NAPOLITANO, F. NESSI-TEDALDI, S. NESTEROV, H. NEWMAN, A. NISATI, T. NOVAK, H. NOWAK, R. OFIERZYNSKI, G. ORGANTINI, I. PAL, C. PALOMARES, P. PAOLUCCI, R. PARAMATTI, G. PASSALEVA, S. PATRICELLI, T. PAUL, M. PAULUZZI, C. PAUS, F. PAUSS, M. PEDACE, S. PENSOTTI, D. PERRET-GALLIX, D. PICCOLO, F. PIERELLA, M. PIERI, M. PIOPPI, P.A. PIROUÉ, E. PISTOLESI, V. PLYASKIN, M. POHL, V. POJIDAEV, J. POTHIER, D. PROKOFIEV, G. RAHAL-CALLOT, M.A. RAHAMAN, P. RAICS, N. RAJA, R. RAMELLI, P.G. RANCOITA, R. RANIERI, A. RASPEREZA, P. RAZIS, S. REMBECZKI, D. REN, M. RESCIGNO, S. REUCROFT, S. RIEMANN, K. RILES, B.P. ROE, L. ROMERO, A. ROSCA, C. ROSEMANN, C. ROSENBLECK, S. ROSIER-LEES, S. ROTH, J.A. RUBIO, G. RUGGIERO, H. RYKACZEWSKI, A. SAKHAROV, S. SAREMI, S. SARKAR, J. SALICIO, E. SANCHEZ, C. SCHÄFER, H. SCHOPPER, D.J. SCHOTANUS, C. SCIACCA, L. SERVOLI, S. SHEVCHENKO, N. SHIVAROV, V. SHOUTKO, E. SHUMILOV, A. SHVOROB, D. SON, C. SOUGA, P. SPILLANTINI, M. STEUER, D.P. STICKLAND, B. STOYANOV, A. STRAESSNER, K. SUDHAKAR, G. SULTANOV, L.Z. SUN, S. SUSHKOV, H. SUTER, J.D. SWAIN, Z. SZILLASI, X.W. TANG, P. TARJAN, L. TAUSCHER, L. TAYLOR, B. TELLILI, D. TEYSSIER, C. TIMMERMANS, SAMUEL C.C. TING, S.M. TING, S.C. TONWAR, J. TÓTH, C. TULLY, K.L. TUNG, J. ULBRICHT, E. VALENTE, R.T. VAN DE WALLE, R. VASQUEZ, G. VESZTERGOMBI, I. VETLITSKY, G. VIERTEL, M. VIVARGENT, S. VLACHOS, I. VODOPIANOV, H. VOGEL, H. VOGT, I. VOROBIEV, A.A. VOROBYOV, M. WADHWA, Q. WANG, X.L. WANG, Z.M. WANG, M. WEBER, S. WYNHOFF, L. XIA, Z.Z. XU, J. YAMAMOTO, B.Z. YANG, C.G. YANG, H.J. YANG, M. YANG, S.C. YEH, AN. ZALITE, YU. ZALITE, Z.P. ZHANG, J. ZHAO, G.Y. ZHU, R.Y. ZHU, H.L. ZHUANG, A. ZICHICHI, B. ZIMMERMANN, M. ZÖLLER, A.N.M. ZWART, Achard, P., Adriani, O., Aguilar-Benitez, M., van den Akker, M., Alcaraz, J., Alemanni, G., Allaby, J., Aloisio, A., Alviggi, M. G., Anderhub, H., Andreev, V. P., Anselmo, F., Arefiev, A., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., Bagnaia, P., Bajo, A., Baksay, G., Baksay, L., Bähr, J., Baldew, S. V., Banerjee, S., Banerjee, Sw., Barczyk, A., Barillère, R., Bartalini, P., Basile, M., Batalova, N., Battiston, R., Bay, A., Becattini, F., Becker, U., Behner, F., Bellucci, L., Berbeco, R., Berdugo, J., Berges, P., Bertucci, B., Betev, B. L., Biasini, M., Biglietti, M., Biland, A., Blaising, J. J., Blyth, S. C., Bobbink, G. 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A., Falciano, S., Favara, A., Fay, J., Fedin, O., Felcini, M., Ferguson, T., Fesefeldt, H., Fiandrini, E., Field, J. H., Filthaut, F., Fisher, P. H., Fisher, W., Fisk, I., Forconi, G., Freudenreich, K., Furetta, C., Galaktionov, Yu., Ganguli, S. N., Garcia-Abia, P., Gataullin, M., Gentile, S., Giagu, S., Gong, Z. F., Grabosch, H. J., Grenier, G., Grimm, O., Groenstege, H., Gruenewald, M. W., Guida, M., Guo, Y. N., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, V. K., Gurtu, A., Gutay, L. J., Haas, D., Haller, Ch., Hatzifotiadou, D., Hayashi, Y., He, Z. X., Hebbeker, T., Hervé, A., Hirschfelder, J., Hofer, H., Hofer Jr., H., Hohlmann, M., Holzner, G., Hou, S. R., Huo, A. X., Ito, N., Jin, B. N., Jindal, P., Jing, C. L., Jones, L. W., de Jong, P., Josa-Mutuberría, I., Kantserov, V., Kaur, M., Kawakami, S., Kienzle-Focacci, M. N., Kim, J. K., Kirkby, J., Kittel, W., Klimentov, A., König, A. C., Kok, E., Korn, A., Kopal, M., Koutsenko, V., Kräber, M., Kuang, H. H., Kraemer, R. W., Krüger, A., Kuijpers, J., Kunin, A., de Guevara, P. Ladron, Laktineh, I., Landi, G., Lebeau, M., Lebedev, A., Lebrun, P., Lecomte, P., Lecoq, P., Coultre, P. Le, Goff, J. M. Le, Lei, Y., Leich, H., Leiste, R., Levtchenko, M., Levtchenko, P., Li, C., Li, L., Li, Z. C., Likhoded, S., Lin, C. H., Lin, W. T., Linde, F. L., Lista, L., Liu, Z. A., Lohmann, W., Longo, E., Lu, Y. S., Luci, C., Luminari, L., Lustermann, W., Ma, W. G., Ma, X. H., Ma, Y. Q., Malgeri, L., Malinin, A., Maña, C., Mans, J., Martin, J. P., Marzano, F., Mazumdar, K., Mcneil, R. R., Mele, S., Meng, X. W., Merola, L., Meschini, M., Metzger, W. J., Mihul, A., van Mil, A., Milcent, H., Mirabelli, G., Mnich, J., Mohanty, G. B., Monteleoni, B., Muanza, G. S., Muijs, A. J. M., Musicar, B., Musy, M., Nagy, S., Nahnhauer, R., Naumov, V. 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G., Wang, Q., Wang, X. L., Wang, X. W., Wang, Z. M., Weber, M., van Wijk, R., Wijnen, T. A. M., Wilkens, H., Wynhoff, S., Xia, L., Xu, Y. P., Xu, J. S., Xu, Z. Z., Yang, B. Z., Yang, C. G., Yang, H. J., Yang, M., Yang, X. F., Yao, Z. G., Yeh, S. C., Yu, Z. Q., Zalite, An., Zalite, Yu., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, Z. P., Zhao, J., Zhou, S. J., Zhu, G. Y., Zhu, R. Y., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhuang, H. L., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, B., Zöller, M., and Zwart, A. N. M.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Muon, muons, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Outburst, law.invention, law, electron–positron collider, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 98.70.Sa, 98.54.Cm, Telescope, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, L3+C, L3+C, Cosmic gamma-ray, media_common, Physics, Muons, Large Hadron Collider, COSMIC cancer database, Underground Muons, Markarian 501, Gamma-ray-point-sources, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Gamma-ray-point-source, very-high-energy cosmic c-ray sources, ddc:540, Astrophysics and Astronomy, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Spectrum, Theoretical High Energy Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Collider, Ciencias Exactas, Física, Detector, Cygnus-X-3, Direction, Sky, Experimental High Energy Physics, Tev, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE
Abstract

The L3+C muon detector at the CERN electron–positron collider, LEP, is used for the detection of very-high-energy cosmic c-ray sources through the observation of muons of energies above 20, 30, 50 and 100 GeV. Daily or monthly excesses in the rate of single-muon events pointing to some particular direction in the sky are searched for. The periods from mid July to November 1999, and April to November 2000 are considered. Special attention is also given to a selection of known c-ray sources. No statistically significant excess is observed for any direction or any particular source., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

Published
2006
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21. The REPUSIL process and the capability of fluorine doping for the adjustment of optical and thermochemical properties in silica materials

Author

Hartmut Bartelt, St. Grimm, Andreas Langner, Andre Kalide, Gerhard Schötz, Martin Leich, Anka Schwuchow, Jan Dellith, Sonja Unger, and Kay Schuster

Subjects
Ytterbium, Optical fiber, Fabrication, Materials science, Doping, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, law.invention, Blueshift, chemistry, law, Fiber laser, Fluorine, Refractive index
Abstract

We report on the fluorine incorporation in powder based materials for the fabrication of Al and Al/Yb co-doped silica glasses. The achieved maximum Fluorine concentration of 1.55 mol% SiF 4 corresponds to a refractive index decrease of -8 x 10 -3 . Simultaneously, the Tg of the doped material is reduced by about 200 K compared to pure silica. Moreover, the fluorine doping is also eminently suitable for the direct refractive index adjustment in active doped silica glass materials (e.g. Al/Yb or Al/Tm). The index matching with pure silica is possible to date up to 2.7 mol% Al 2 O 3 and 0.1 mol% Yb 2 O 3 . The additional influence on the blue shift of the UV transmission will also be discussed.

Published
2015
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22. High peak power amplification in large-core all-solid Yb fibers with an index-elevated pump clad and a low numerical aperture core

Author

Matthias Jäger, Wenbin He, Jens Kobelke, Hartmut Bartelt, Yuan Zhu, B. Müller, Martin Leich, Stephan Grimm, and Jörg Bierlich

Subjects
Materials science, Optical fiber, business.industry, Filling factor, Cladding (fiber optics), Graded-index fiber, law.invention, Optics, Double-clad fiber, law, Fiber laser, Laser power scaling, business, Hard-clad silica optical fiber
Abstract

We report on the development of large-core Yb-doped fibers with up to 100 μm core diameter and present first experimental results for high peak power amplification. The material for core and pump cladding was fabricated by Powder Sinter Technology. Using a high Al concentration we achieved a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.21 of the pump cladding and a core NA below 0.1. The rod-type fiber exhibits high pump absorption. Using a 0.55 m short fiber sample as the main amplifier in a 3-stage ns pulsed fiber Master Oscillator Power Amplifier system we achieved 3 ns output pulses with 360 kW peak power and 2 mJ pulse energy. We observed suppressed Stimulated Raman Scattering with respect to the signal pulses, which offers the possibility of further power scaling of such fiber amplifier systems.

Published
2015
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23. NEUTRINO ASTRONOMY AND COSMIC RAYS AT THE SOUTH POLE: LATEST RESULTS FROM AMANDA AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ICECUBE

Author

P. Ekström, P. Berghaus, M. Kestel, T. DeYoung, D. Z. Besson, T. J. Sumner, R. H. Minor, A. R. Fazely, S. Böser, Kael Hanson, S. Patton, P. Niessen, I. Taboada, R. G. Stokstad, T. Castermans, Carlos Pena-Garay, K. Hultqvist, R. Wischnewski, R. Hardtke, J. K. Becker, C. Pérez de los Heros, T. Becka, Yi Wang, Paolo Desiati, D. R. Nygren, P. O. Hulth, D. Steele, R. W. Ellsworth, T. Hauschildt, Johan Lundberg, S. Schlenstedt, T. Straszheim, Adam Bouchta, J. L. Kelley, Christian Bohm, David A. Schneider, Allan Hallgren, H. Wissing, P. Miocinovic, D.W. Atlee, Kyle T. Mandli, J. Cavin, J. W. Nam, George Japaridze, R. Ganugapati, D. Hays, L. Thollander, D. F. Cowen, A. Achterberg, Jodi Cooley, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, R. Porrata, Marek Kowalski, A. Silvestri, R. Paulos, S. H. Seo, T. Stezelberger, J. Yeck, Elisa Resconi, Hakki Ögelman, A. C. Pohl, Pawel Marciniewski, H. Leich, J. Pretz, P. B. Price, Peter Mészáros, S. Stoyanov, R. Ehrlich, D. Seckel, E. Blaufuss, D. J. Boersma, S. Hundertmark, M. Krasberg, M. Hellwig, H. G. Sander, B. Collin, K. Rawlins, Heiko Geenen, Torsten Harenberg, D. Hardtke, M. Ribordy, K. Helbing, Kurt Woschnagg, R. Koch, I. Liubarsky, Christian Spiering, Ph. Olbrechts, C. T. Day, J. Hodges, James Madsen, Paul Evenson, G. W. Sullivan, James E. Braun, S. Richter, J. Rodríguez Martino, C. H. Wiebusch, K. Münich, N. Langer, C. De Clercq, A. W. Jones, John Clem, Soebur Razzaque, L. Gerhardt, Dmitry Chirkin, M. Solarz, Olga Botner, S. Yoshida, T. Neunhöffer, Albrecht Karle, T. Messarius, Anna Davour, Justin Vandenbroucke, Elisa Bernardini, M. Bartelt, A. J. Smith, R. M. Gunasingha, J. Ahrens, Y. Minaeva, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, W. R. Edwards, R. Morse, N. Kitamura, D. Bertrand, William Carithers, R. Schwarz, C.P. Burgess, M. Walter, T. Burgess, Todor Stanev, Janet Jacobsen, J. A. Coarasa, R. Nahnhauer, R. C. Bay, H. Miyamoto, Xinhua Bai, John N. Bahcall, Jean Gallagher, Glenn Spiczak, S. R. Klein, A. Gross, L. C. Voicu, G. Kohnen, Othmane Bouhali, B. Hughey, K. H. Sulanke, Michael Stamatikos, D. Turčan, C. Walck, J. M. Joseph, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, Wolfgang Wagner, K. Kuehn, W. Chinowsky, N. van Eijndhoven, K. Schinarakis, Gerald Przybylski, H. S. Matis, Matthias Leuthold, P. Herquet, P. Steffen, J. E. Sopher, Francis Halzen, Jan Conrad, T. Feser, O. Tarasova, K. Hoshina, Wolfgang Rhode, D. Hubert, L. Köpke, J. Bergmans, S. Tilav, K. H. Kampert, H. Kawai, C. P. McParland, E. Kujawski, A. Goldschmidt, K.-H. Becker, and H. Albrecht

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Solar neutrino problem, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Coincidence, law.invention, Telescope, Neutrino detector, law, Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino
Abstract

The AMANDA neutrino telescope has been in operation at the South Pole since 1996. The present final array configuration, operational since 2000, consists of 677 photomultiplier tubes arranged in 19 strings, buried at depths between 1500 and 2000 m in the ice. The most recent results on a multi-year search for point sources of neutrinos will be shown. The study of events triggered in coincidence with the surface array SPASE and AMANDA provided a result on cosmic ray composition. Expected improvements from IceCube/IceTop will also be discussed.

Published
2005
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24. Results from the AMANDA neutrino telescope

Author

P. Niessen, I. Taboada, Y. Minaeva, C.P. Burgess, D. Bertrand, P. Ekström, K. Rawlins, T. Becka, James Madsen, M. Kestel, J. L. Kelley, C. P. McParland, T. DeYoung, P. B. Price, T. Burgess, T. Neunhöffer, M. Ribordy, A. Karle, A. Goldschmidt, S. Böser, Elisa Resconi, Gerald Przybylski, R. Porrata, Kurt Woschnagg, A. Silvestri, D. Steele, Glenn Spiczak, D. F. Cowen, A. Gross, L. Gerhardt, Dmitry Chirkin, T. Messarius, D. J. Boersma, Torsten Harenberg, Othmane Bouhali, Ph. Olbrecht, Hakki Ögelman, B. Hughey, J. W. Nam, Matthias Leuthold, D. R. Nygren, M. Solarz, K. Helbing, Kyle T. Mandli, P. Steffen, J. Rodríguez Martino, R. C. Bay, Jan Conrad, T. Feser, S. Tilav, R. Nahnhauer, J. Ahrens, C. H. Wiebusch, R. Ganugapati, C. Walck, R. Hardtke, J. K. Becker, Olga Botner, L. Thollander, T. Hauschildt, David A. Schneider, C. Spiering, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, M. Bartelt, P. Miocinovic, Adam Bouchta, C.P. de los Heros, Allan Hallgren, G. C. Hill, K. Münich, Heiko Geenen, Xinhua Bai, K.-H. Becker, T. Castermans, K. Hultqvist, H. Albrecht, C. De Clercq, Karl-Heinz Sulanke, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, S. Hundertmark, James E. Braun, M. Walter, Ph. Herquet, Kael Hanson, Yi Wang, Paolo Desiati, M. Krasberg, H. Leich, S. Schlenstedt, Joseph T. Hodges, H. S. Matis, Francis Halzen, K. Kuehn, K. Schinarakis, Jodi Cooley, S. Richter, M. Hellwig, H. G. Sander, B. Collin, D. Hubert, I. Liubarsky, L. Köpke, R. Morse, K. H. Kampert, R. Schwarz, Wolfgang Rhode, M. Kowalski, Elisa Bernardini, R. G. Stokstad, R. Wischnewski, Michael Stamatikos, P. O. Hulth, H. Wissing, Wolfgang Wagner, A. C. Pohl, Pawel Marciniewski, Anna Davour, and Janet Jacobsen

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Dark matter, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Solar neutrino problem, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Telescope, Neutrino detector, law, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino
Abstract

The Amanda neutrino telescope at the South Pole has been taking data since 1996. Stepwise upgraded, it reached its final stage in January 2000. We present results from the search for extraterrestrial neutrinos, neutrinos from dark matter annihilation and magnetic monopoles.

Published
2004
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25. Status of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

Author

Olga Botner, C. Pérez de los Heros, John N. Bahcall, T. Becka, Othmane Bouhali, K. Hultqvist, R. C. Bay, K. Rawlins, S. Yoshida, M. Ribordy, N. van Eijndhoven, Gerald Przybylski, W Carithers, A. C. Pohl, S. Hundertmark, J. Cavin, A. W. Jones, James Madsen, D. Steele, H. Kawai, C. P. McParland, H. S. Matis, Ph. Herquet, J. I. Lamoureux, G. W. Sullivan, Soebur Razzaque, R. Paulos, R. G. Stokstad, Anna Davour, A. Goldschmidt, R. Wischnewski, J. Pretz, Ph. Olbrechts, Francis Halzen, R. H. Minor, Kael Hanson, R. Ganugapati, T. Hauschildt, Janet Jacobsen, D. F. Cowen, M. Solarz, Marek Kowalski, K.-H. Becker, Adam Bouchta, R. Schwarz, R. M. Gunasingha, Y. Minaeva, S. Patton, P. B. Price, Paolo Desiati, Allan Hallgren, R.-R Wang, Christian Bohm, Michael Stamatikos, R. Hardtke, George Japaridze, David A. Schneider, J. A. Goodman, Kurt Woschnagg, Hakki Ögelman, P. Niessen, D. Hubert, Wolfgang Wagner, K. Helbing, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, Paul Evenson, Todor Stanev, I. Taboada, S. Schlenstedt, C. Wiedemann, Christian Spiering, P. O. Hulth, H. Miyamoto, Dmitry Chirkin, Elisa Resconi, D. Seckel, Jean Gallagher, L. Köpke, Heiko Geenen, A. R. Fazely, H. Leich, H. Wissing, S. Tilav, N. Kitamura, R. Nahnhauer, Elisa Bernardini, J. Ahrens, D. R. Nygren, T. Neunhöffer, C. Walck, T. Messarius, K. Schinarakis, P. Steffen, Albrecht Karle, Thomas K. Gaisser, Jodi Cooley, Xinhua Bai, Jan Conrad, T. Feser, Wolfgang Rhode, T. J. Sumner, T. Castermans, Peter Mészáros, C. De Clercq, W. Chinowsky, D. Bertrand, S. Richter, M. Hellwig, R. W. Ellsworth, H. G. Sander, B. Collin, I. Liubarsky, C. H. Wiebusch, R. Morse, T. Stezelberger, D. Hays, R. Ehrlich, S. Böser, A. J. Smith, K. H. Sulanke, T. Burgess, M. Kestel, T. DeYoung, E. Blaufuss, D. Z. Besson, D. J. Boersma, Glenn Spiczak, B. Hughey, R. Koch, and P. Miocinovic

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Solar neutrino problem, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, law.invention, Telescope, Neutrino detector, Space and Planetary Science, law, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Neutrino astronomy
Abstract

The IceCube neutrino telescope, to be constructed near the Antarctic South Pole, represents the next generation of neutrino telescope. Its large 1 km3 size will make it uniquely sensitive to the detection of neutrinos from astrophysical sources. The current design of the detector is presented. The basic performance of the detector and its ability to search for neutrinos from various astrophysical sources has been studied using detailed simulations and is discussed.

Published
2004
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26. Results from the AMANDA telescope

Author

J. Ahrens, X. Bai, S.W. Barwick, T. Becka, K.-H. Becker, E. Bernardini, D. Bertrand, F. Binon, A. Biron, S. Böser, O. Botner, O. Bouhali, T. Burgess, S. Carius, T. Castermans, D. Chirkin, J. Conrad, J. Cooley, D.F. Cowen, A. Davour, C. De Clercq, T. DeYoung, P. Desiati, J.-P. Dewulf, P. Ekström, T. Feser, T.K. Gaisser, R. Ganupati, M. Gaug, H. Geenen, L. Gerhardt, A. Goldschmidt, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, R. Hardtke, T. Hauschildt, M. Hellwig, Ph. Herquet, G.C. Hill, P.O. Hulth, K. Hultqvist, S. Hundertmark, J. Jacobsen, A. Karle, L. Köpke, K. Kuehn, M. Kowalski, J.I. Lamoureux, H. Leich, M. Leuthold, P. Lindahl, I. Liubarsky, J. Madsen, K. Mandli, P. Marciniewski, H.S. Matis, C.P. McParland, T. Messarius, Y. Minaeva, P. Miočinović, R. Morse, R. Nahnhauer, T. Neunhöffer, P. Niessen, D.R. Nygren, H. Ogelman, Ph. Olbrechts, C. Pérez de los Heros, A.C. Pohl, P.B. Price, G.T. Przybylski, K. Rawlins, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, S. Richter, J. Rodríguez Martino, H.-G. Sander, T. Schmidt, D. Schneider, K. Schinarakis, R. Schwarz, A. Silvestri, M. Solarz, G.M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, D. Steele, P. Steffen, R.G. Stokstad, P. Sudoff, K.-H. Sudoff, K.-H. Sulanke, I. Taboada, L. Thollander, S. Tilav, W. Wagner, C. Walck, C. Weinheimer, C.H. Wiebusch, C. Wiedemann, R. Wischnewski, H. Wissing, K. Woschnagg, G. Yodh, and S. Young

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Particle detector, law.invention, Massless particle, Telescope, Neutrino detector, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Lepton
Abstract

We present results from the AMANDA high energy neutrino telescope located at the South Pole. They include measurements of the atmospheric neutrino flux, search for UHE point sources, and diffuse sources producing electromagnetic/hadronic showers at the detector or close to it.

Published
2003
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27. Physics and Results from the AMANDA-II High Energy Neutrino Telescope

Author

H. G. Sander, P. Ekström, R. Schwarz, M. Kowalski, P. Lindahl, Staffan Carius, X. Bai, P. O. Hulth, T. Hauschildt, Kyler Kuehn, Allan Hallgren, H. S. Matis, C. Wiedemann, P. B. Price, H. Wissing, P. Miocinovic, C. Walck, Stefan Richter, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Böser, M. Gaug, M. Hellwig, Dmitry Chirkin, Gerald Przybylski, A. Silvestri, Francis Halzen, S. Hundertmark, Matthias Leuthold, K. Hultqvist, M. Solarz, Kael Hanson, Elisa Bernardini, Kyle T. Mandli, Elisa Resconi, D. R. Nygren, P. Doksus, K. Rawlins, M. Ribordy, Olga Botner, T. Castermans, P. Steffen, Hakki Ögelman, J. Rodríguez Martino, T. Messarius, Jan Conrad, T. Feser, C. De Clercq, R. Nahnhauer, Steven W. Barwick, Jodi Cooley, J. P Dewulf, S. W. Barwick, S. Young, J. Ahrens, Y. Minaeva, L. Gerhardt, Paolo Desiati, R. G. Stokstad, R. Wischnewski, P. Herquet, Karl-Heinz Sulanke, R. Ganupati, H. Leich, Wolfgang Wagner, T. Burgess, D. Bertrand, R. Morse, J. I. Lamoureux, K. Schinarakis, Freddy Binon, A. C. Pohl, Pawel Marciniewski, P. Sudhoff, Glenn Spiczak, Anna Davour, D. F. Cowen, Donald P. Schneider, T. Neunhöffer, Timothy W. Schmidt, K.-H. Becker, J. Madsen, S. Tilav, C. P. McParland, A. Goldschmidt, A. Biron, C. Spiering, Ph. Olbrechts, A. Karle, Othmane Bouhali, C. H. Wiebusch, G. C. Hill, L. Thollander, Heiko Geenen, Tyce DeYoung, R. Hardtke, I. Taboada, T. Becka, Janet Jacobsen, Wolfgang Rhode, K. Woschnagg, D. Ross, P. Niessen, D. Steele, and L. Köpke

Subjects
Physics, Telescope, Neutrino detector, law, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, Measurements of neutrino speed, Astronomy, Neutrino astronomy, Solar neutrino problem, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, law.invention
Abstract

This paper briefly describes the principle of operation and science goals of the AMANDA high energy neutrino telescope located at the South Pole, Antarctica. Results from an earlier phase of the telescope, called AMANDA-BIO, demonstrate both reliable operation and the broad astrophysical reach of this device, which includes searches for a variety of sources of ultrahigh energy neutrinos: generic point sources, Gamma-Ray Bursts and diffuse sources. The predicted sensitivity and angular resolution of the telescope were confirmed by studies of atmospheric muon and neutrino backgrounds. We also report on the status of the analysis from AMANDA-II, a larger version with far greater capabilities. At this stage of analysis, details of the ice properties and other systematic uncertainties of the AMANDA-II telescope are under study, but we have made progress toward critical science objectives. In particular, we present the first preliminary flux limits from AMANDA-II on the search for continuous emission from astrophysical point sources, and report on the search for correlated neutrino emission from Gamma Ray Bursts detected by BATSE before decommissioning in May 2000. During the next two years, we expect to exploit the full potential of AMANDA-II with the installation of a new data acquisition system that records full waveforms from the in-ice optical sensors.

Published
2003
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28. Spatially resolved in-core temperature measurement in rare-earth doped fibers during pumping

Author

Anka Schwuchow, Manfred Rothhardt, Hartmut Bartelt, Julia Fiebrandt, Sonja Unger, Martin Leich, and Matthias Jäger

Subjects
PHOSFOS, Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Polarization-maintaining optical fiber, Long-period fiber grating, law.invention, Optics, Fiber Bragg grating, Fiber optic sensor, law, Fiber laser, Optoelectronics, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

We demonstrate a spatially distributed measurement technique to observe temperature changes along a pumped Ybdoped fiber. The technique is based on an array of fiber Bragg gratings acting as temperature sensor line. The Bragg gratings are inscribed directly into the actively doped fiber core using high intensity laser pulses and an interferometric setup. We studied the temperature evolution in differently doped fibers under pumping conditions and find different effects contributing to the observed temperature increase. To avoid an additional heating caused by pump-induced photodarkening, we measure the spatially resolved temperature profile during pumping along a photodarkening-reduced, cerium co-doped fiber.

Published
2014
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29. Study of the solar anisotropy of cosmic ray primaries of about 200 GeV energy with the L3+C muon detector

Author

Achard, P, Adriani, O, Aguilar-Benitez, M, van den Akker, M, Alcaraz, J, Alemanni, G, Allaby, J, Aloisio, A, Alviggi, M G, Anderhub, H, Andreev, Valery P, Anselmo, F, Arefev, A, Azemoon, T, Aziz, T, Bagnaia, P, Bajo, A, Baksay, G, Baksay, L, Bahr, J, Baldew, S V, Banerjee, S, Banerjee, Sw, Barczyk, A, Barillere, R, Bartalini, P, Basile, M, Batalova, N, Battiston, R, Bay, A, Becattini, F, Becker, U, Behner, F, Bellucci, L, Berbeco, R, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Betev, B L, Biasini, M, Biglietti, M, Biland, A, Blaising, J J, Blyth, S C, Bobbink, G J, Bohm, A, Boldizsar, L, Borgia, B, Bottai, S, Bourilkov, D, Bourquin, M, Braccini, S, Branson, J G, Brochu, F, Burger, J D, Burger, W J, Cai, X D, Capell, M, Cara Romeo, G, Carlino, G, Cartacci, A, Casaus, J, Cavallari, F, Cavallo, N, Cecchi, C, Cerrada, M, Chamizo, M, Chiarusi, T, Chang, Y H, Chemarin, M, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, G M, Chen, H F, Chen, H S, Chiefari, G, Cifarelli, L, Cindolo, F, Clare, I, Clare, R, Coignet, G, Colino, N, Costantini, S, de la Cruz, B, Cucciarelli, S, van Dalen, J, de Asmundis, R, Deglon, P, Debreczeni, J, Degre, A, Dehmelt, K, Deiters, K, della Volpe, D, Delmeire, E, Denes, P, DeNotaristefani, F, De Salvo, A, Diemoz, M, Dierckxsens, M, Ding, L K, Dionisi, C, Dittmar, M, Doria, A, Dova, M T, Duchesneau, D, Duda, M, Duran, I, Echenard, B, Eline, A, El Hage, A, El Mamouni, H, Engler, A, Eppling, F J, Extermann, P, Faber, G, Falagan, M A, Falciano, S, Favara, A, Fay, J, Fedin, O, Felcini, M, Ferguson, T, Fesefeldt, H, Fiandrini, E, Field, J H, Filthaut, F, Fisher, W, Fisk, I, Forconi, G, Freudenreich, K, Furetta, C, Galaktionov, Iouri, Ganguli, S N, Garcia-Abia, Pablo, Gataullin, M, Gentile, S, Giagu, S, Gong, Z F, Grabosch, H J, Grenier, G, Grimm, O, Groenstege, H, Gruenewald, M W, Guida, M, Guo, Y N, Gupta, S, Gupta, V K, Gurtu, A, Gutay, L J, Haas, D, Haller, Ch, Hatzifotiadou, D, Hayashi, Y, He, Z X, Hebbeker, T, Herve, Alain, Hirschfelder, J, Hofer, H, Hohlmann, M, Holzner, G, Hou, S R, Huo, A X, Hu, Y, Ito, N, Jin, B N, Jing, C L, Jones, Lawrence W, de Jong, P, Josa-Mutuberria, I, Kantserov, V, Kaur, M, Kawakami, S, Kienzle-Focacci, M N, Kim, J K, Kirkby, Jasper, Kittel, W, Klimentov, A, Konig, A C, Kok, E, Korn, A, Kopal, M, Koutsenko, V, Kraber, M, Kuang, H H, Kraemer, R W, Kruger, A, Kuijpers, J, Kunin, A, Ladron de Guevara, P, Laktineh, I, Landi, G, Lebeau, M, Lebedev, A, Lebrun, P, Lecomte, P, Lecoq, P, Le Coultre, P, Le Goff, J M, Lei, Y, Leich, H, Leiste, R, Levtchenko, M, Levtchenko, P, Li, C, Li, L, Li, Z C, Likhoded, S, Lin, C H, Lin, W T, Linde, F L, Lista, L, Liu, Z A, Lohmann, W, Longo, E, Lu, Y S, Luci, C, Luminari, L, Lustermann, W, Ma, W G, Ma, X H, Ma, Y Q, Malgeri, L, Malinin, A, Mana, C, Mans, J, Martin, J P, Marzano, F, Mazumdar, K, McNeil, R R, Mele, S, Meng, X W, Merola, L, Meschini, M, Metzger, W J, Mihul, A, van Mil, A, Milcent, H, Mirabelli, G, Mnich, J, Mohanty, G B, Monteleoni, B, Muanza, y G S, Muijs, A J M, Musicar, B, Musy, M, Nagy, S, Nahnhauer, R, Naumov, V A, Natale, S, Napolitano, M, Nessi-Tedaldi, F, Newman, H, Nisati, A, Novak, T, Kluge, Hannelies, Ofierzynski, R, Organtini, G, Pal, I, Palomares, C, Paolucci, P, Paramatti, R, Parriaud, J -F, Passaleva, G, Patricelli, S, Paul, Thomas Cantzon, Pauluzzi, M, Paus, C, Pauss, F, Pedace, M, Pensotti, S, Perret-Gallix, D, Petersen, B, Piccolo, D, Pierella, F, Pieri, M, Pioppi, M, Piroue, P A, Pistolesi, E, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Pojidaev, V, Pothier, J, Prokofev, D, Quartieri, J, Qing, C R, Rahal-Callot, G, Rahaman, Mohammad Azizur, Raics, P, Raja, N, Ramelli, R, Rancoita, P G, Ranieri, R, Raspereza, A, Ravindran, K C, Razis, P, Ren, D, Rescigno, M, Reucroft, S, Rewiersma, P, Riemann, y S, Riles, Keith, Roe, B P, Rojkov, A, Romero, L, Rosca, A, Rosemann, C, Rosenbleck, C, Rosier-Lees, S, Roth, Stefan, Rubio, J A, Ruggiero, G, Rykaczewski, H, Saidi, R, Sakharov, A, Saremi, S, Sarkar, S, Salicio, J, Sanchez, E, Schafer, C, Schegelsky, V, Schmitt, V, Schoeneich, B, Schopper, H, Schotanus, D J, Sciacca, C, Servoli, L, Shen, C Q, Shevchenko, S, Shivarov, N, Shoutko, V, Shumilov, E, Shvorob, A, Son, D, Souga, C, Spillantini, P, Steuer, M, Stickland, D P, Stoyanov, B, Straessner, A, Sudhakar, K, Sulanke, H, Sultanov, G, Sun, L Z, Sushkov, S, Suter, H, Swain, J D, Szillasi, Z, Tang, X W, Tarjan, P, Tauscher, L, Taylor, L, Tellili, B, Teyssier, D, Timmermans, Charles, Ting, Samuel C C, Ting, S M, Tonwar, S C, Toth, J, Trowitzsch, G, Tully, C, Tung, K L, Ulbricht, J, Unger, M, Valente, E, Verkooijen, H, Van de Walle, R T, Vasquez, R, Veszpremi, V, Vesztergombi, G, Vetlitsky, I, Vicinanza, D, Viertel, G, Villa, S, Vivargent, M, Vlachos, S, Vodopianov, I, Vogel, H, Vogt, H, Vorobev, I, Vorobyov, A A, Wadhwa, M, Wang, R G, Wang, Q, Wang, X L, Wang, X W, Wang, Z M, Weber, M, van Wijk, R, Wijnen, T A M, Wilkens, H, Wynhoff, S, Xia, L, Xu, Y P, Xu, J S, Xu, Z Z, Yamamoto, J, Yang, B Z, Yang, C G, Yang, H J, Yang, M, Yang, X F, Yao, Z G, Yeh, S C, Yu, Z Q, Zalite, An, Zalite, Yu, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z P, Zhao, J, Zhou, S J, Zhu, G Y, Zhu, R Y, Zhuang, H L, Zhu, Q Q, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Zoller, M, Zwart, A N M, L3 (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Achard, P, Adriani, O, Aguilar Benitez, M, van den Akker, M, Alcaraz, J, Alemanni, G, Allaby, J, Aloisio, A, Alviggi, M, Anderhub, H, Andreev, V, Anselmo, F, Arefiev, A, Azemoon, T, Aziz, T, Bagnaia, P, Bajo, A, Baksay, G, Baksay, L, Bähr, J, Baldew, S, Banerjee, S, Barczyk, A, Barillère, R, Bartalini, P, Basile, M, Batalova, N, Battiston, R, Bay, A, Becattini, F, Becker, U, Behner, F, Bellucci, L, Berbeco, R, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Betev, B, Biasini, M, Biglietti, M, Biland, A, Blaising, J, Blyth, S, Bobbink, G, Böhm, A, Boldizsar, L, Borgia, B, Bottai, S, Bourilkov, D, Bourquin, M, Braccini, S, Branson, J, Brochu, F, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Cara Romeo, G, Carlino, G, Cartacci, A, Casaus, J, Cavallari, F, Cavallo, N, Cecchi, C, Cerrada, M, Chamizo, M, Chang, Y, Chemarin, M, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chiarusi, T, Chiefari, G, Cifarelli, L, Cindolo, F, Clare, I, Clare, R, Coignet, G, Colino, N, Costantini, S, de la Cruz, B, Cucciarelli, S, de Asmundis, R, Déglon, P, Debreczeni, J, Degré, A, Dehmelt, K, Deiters, K, della Volpe, D, Delmeire, E, Denes, P, Denotaristefani, F, De Salvo, A, Diemoz, M, Dierckxsens, M, Ding, L, Dionisi, C, Dittmar, M, Doria, A, Dova, M, Duchesneau, D, Duda, M, Duran, I, Echenard, B, Eline, A, El Mamouni, H, Engler, A, Eppling, F, Extermann, P, Faber, G, Falagan, M, Falciano, S, Favara, A, Fay, J, Fedin, O, Felcini, M, Ferguson, T, Fiandrini, E, Field, J, Filthaut, F, Fisher, W, Forconi, G, Freudenreich, K, Furetta, C, Galaktionov, Y, Ganguli, S, Garcia Abia, P, Gataullin, M, Gentile, S, Giagu, S, Gong, Z, Grabosch, H, Grenier, G, Grimm, O, Groenstege, H, Gruenewald, M, Guo, Y, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Gurtu, A, Gutay, L, Haas, D, Haller, C, Hatzifotiadou, D, Hayashi, Y, He, Z, Hebbeker, T, Hervé, A, Hirschfelder, J, Hofer, H, Hoferjun, H, Hohlmann, M, Holzner, G, Hou, S, Huo, A, Ito, N, Jin, B, Jindal, P, Jing, C, Jones, L, de Jong, P, Josa Mutuberría, I, Kantserov, V, Kaur, M, Kawakami, S, Kienzle Focacci, M, Kim, J, Kirkby, J, Kittel, W, Klimentov, A, König, A, Kok, E, Korn, A, Kopal, M, Koutsenko, V, Kräber, M, Kuang, H, Kraemer, R, Krüger, A, Kuijpers, J, Kunin, A, Ladron de Guevara, P, Laktineh, I, Landi, G, Lebeau, M, Lebedev, A, Lebrun, P, Lecomte, P, Lecoq, P, Le Coultre, P, Le Goff, J, Lei, Y, Leich, H, Leiste, R, Levtchenko, M, Levtchenko, P, Li, C, Li, L, Li, Z, Likhoded, S, Lin, C, Lin, W, Linde, F, Lista, L, Liu, Z, Lohmann, W, Longo, E, Lu, Y, Luci, C, Luminari, L, Lustermann, W, Ma, W, Ma, X, Ma, Y, Malgeri, L, Malinin, A, Maña, C, Mans, J, Martin, J, Marzano, F, Mazumdar, K, Mcneil, R, Mele, S, Meng, X, Merola, L, Meschini, M, Metzger, W, Mihul, A, van Mil, A, Milcent, H, Mirabelli, G, Mohanty, G, Monteleoni, B, Muanza, G, Muijs, A, Musy, M, Nagy, S, Nahnhauer, R, Naumov, V, Natale, S, Napolitano, M, Nessi Tedaldi, F, Newman, H, Nisati, A, Novak, T, Nowak, H, Ofierzynski, R, Organtini, G, Pal, I, Palomares, C, Paolucci, P, Paramatti, R, Parriaud, J, Passaleva, G, Patricelli, S, Paul, T, Pauluzzi, M, Paus, C, Pauss, F, Pedace, M, Pensotti, S, Perret Gallix, D, Petersen, B, Piccolo, D, Pierella, F, Pieri, M, Pioppi, M, Piroué, P, Pistolesi, E, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Pojidaev, V, Pothier, J, Prokofiev, D, Qing, C, Rahal Callot, G, Rahaman, M, Raics, P, Raja, N, Ramelli, R, Rancoita, P, Ranieri, R, Raspereza, A, Ravindran, K, Razis, P, Rembeczki, S, Ren, D, Rescigno, M, Reucroft, S, Rewiersma, P, Riemann, S, Riles, K, Roe, B, Rojkov, A, Romero, L, Rosca, A, Rosier Lees, S, Roth, S, Rubio, J, Ruggiero, G, Rykaczewski, H, Saidi, R, Sakharov, A, Saremi, S, Sarkar, S, Salicio, J, Sanchez, E, Schäfer, C, Schegelsky, V, Schmitt, V, Schoeneich, B, Schopper, H, Schotanus, D, Sciacca, C, Servoli, L, Shen, C, Shevchenko, S, Shivarov, N, Shoutko, V, Shumilov, E, Shvorob, A, Son, D, Souga, C, Spillantini, P, Steuer, M, Stickland, D, Stoyanov, B, Straessner, A, Sudhakar, K, Sulanke, H, Sultanov, G, Sun, L, Suter, H, Swain, J, Szillasi, Z, Tang, X, Tarjan, P, Tauscher, L, Taylor, L, Tellili, B, Teyssier, D, Timmermans, C, Ting, S, Tonwar, S, Tóth, J, Trowitzsch, G, Tully, C, Tung, K, Ulbricht, J, Unger, M, Valente, E, Verkooijen, H, Van de Walle, R, Vasquez, R, Vesztergombi, G, Vetlitsky, I, Viertel, G, Vivargent, M, Vlachos, S, Vodopianov, I, Vogel, H, Vogt, H, Vorobiev, I, Vorobyov, A, Wadhwa, M, Wang, R, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Weber, M, van Wijk, R, Wijnen, T, Wilkens, H, Wynhoff, S, Xia, L, Xu, Y, Xu, J, Xu, Z, Yamamoto, J, Yang, B, Yang, C, Yang, H, Yang, M, Yang, X, Yao, Z, Yeh, S, Yu, Z, Zalite, A, Zalite, Y, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zhao, J, Zhou, S, Zhu, G, Zhu, R, Zhu, Q, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Zöller, M, Zwart, A, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3, P.ACHARD, O.ADRIANI, M.AGUILAR-BENITEZ, M.VAN DEN AKKER, J.ALCARAZ, G.ALEMANNI, J.ALLABY, A.ALOISIO, M.G.ALVIGGI, H.ANDERHUB, V.P.ANDREEV, F.ANSELMO, A.AREFIEV, T.AZEMOON, T.AZIZ, P.BAGNAIA, A.BAJO, G.BAKSAY, L.BAKSAY, J.BAHR, S.V.BALDEW, S.BANERJEE, SW.BANERJEE, A.BARCZYK, R.BARILLERE, P.BARTALINI, M.BASILE, N.BATALOVA, R.BATTISTON, A.BAY, F.BECATTINI, U.BECKER, F.BEHNER, L.BELLUCCI, R.BERBECO, J.BERDUGO, P.BERGES, B.BERTUCCI, B.L.BETEV, M.BIASINI, M.BIGLIETTI, A.BILAND, J.J.BLAISING, S.C.BLYTH, G.J.BOBBINK, A.BOHM, L.BOLDIZSAR, B.BORGIA, S.BOTTAI, D.BOURILKOV, M.BOURQUIN, S.BRACCINI, J.G.BRANSON, F.BROCHU, J.D.BURGER, W.J.BURGER, X.D.CAI, M.CAPELL, G.CARA ROMEO, G.CARLINO, A.CARTACCI, J.CASAUS, F.CAVALLARI, N.CAVALLO, C.CECCHI, M.CERRADA, M.CHAMIZO, Y.H.CHANG, M.CHEMARIN, A.CHEN, G.CHEN, G.M.CHEN, H.F.CHEN, H.S.CHEN, T.CHIARUSI, G.CHIEFARI, L.CIFARELLI, F.CINDOLO, I.CLARE, R.CLARE, G.COIGNET, N.COLINO, S.COSTANTINI, B.DE LA CRUZ, S.CUCCIARELLI, R.DE ASMUNDIS, P.DEGLON, J.DEBRECZENI, A.DEGRE, K.DEHMELT, K.DEITERS, D.DELLA VOLPE, E.DELMEIRE, P.DENES, F.DENOTARISTEFANI, A.DE SALVO, M.DIEMOZ, M.DIERCKXSENS, L.K.DING, C.DIONISI, M.DITTMAR, A.DORIA, M.T.DOVA, D.DUCHESNEAU, M.DUDA, I.DURAN, B.ECHENARD, A.ELINE, H.EL MAMOUNI, A.ENGLER, F.J.EPPLING, P.EXTERMANN, G.FABER, M.A.FALAGAN, S.FALCIANO, A.FAVARA, J.FAY, O.FEDIN, M.FELCINI, T.FERGUSON, E.FIANDRINI, J.H.FIELD, F.FILTHAUT, W.FISHER, G.FORCONI, K.FREUDENREICH, C.FURETTA, YU.GALAKTIONOV, S.N.GANGULI, P.GARCIA-ABIA, M.GATAULLIN, S.GENTILE, S.GIAGU, Z.F.GONG, H.J.GRABOSCH, G.GRENIER, O.GRIMM, H.GROENSTEGE, M.W.GRUENEWALD, Y.N.GUO, S.GUPTA, V.K.GUPTA, A.GURTU, L.J.GUTAY, D.HAAS, CH.HALLER, D.HATZIFOTIADOU, Y.HAYASHI, Z.X.HE, T.HEBBEKER, A.HERVE, J.HIRSCHFELDER, H.HOFER, H.HOFER JUN., M.HOHLMANN, G.HOLZNER, S.R.HOU, A.X.HUO, N.ITO, B.N.JIN, P.JINDAL, C.L.JING, L.W.JONES, P.DE JONG, I.JOSA-MUTUBERRIA, V.KANTSEROV, M.KAUR, S.KAWAKAMI, M.N.KIENZLE-FOCACCI, J.K.KIM, J.KIRKBY, W.KITTEL, A.KLIMENTOV, A.C.KOENIG, E.KOK, A.KORN, M.KOPAL, V.KOUTSENKO, M.KRABER, H.H.KUANG, R.W.KRAEMER, A.KRUGER, J.KUIJPERS, A.KUNIN, P.LADRON DE GUEVARA, I.LAKTINEH, G.LANDI, M.LEBEAU, A.LEBEDEV, P.LEBRUN, P.LECOMTE, P.LECOQ, P.LE COULTRE, J.M.LE GOFF, Y.LEI, H.LEICH, R.LEISTE, M.LEVTCHENKO, P.LEVTCHENKO, C.LI, L.LI, Z.C.LI, S.LIKHODED, C.H.LIN, W.T.LIN, F.L.LINDE, L.LISTA, Z.A.LIU, W.LOHMANN, E.LONGO, Y.S.LU, C.LUCI, L.LUMINARI, W.LUSTERMANN, W.G.MA, X.H.MA, Y.Q.MA, L.MALGERI, A.MALININ, C.MANA, J.MANS, J.P.MARTIN, F.MARZANO, K.MAZUMDAR, R.R.MCNEIL, S.MELE, X.W.MENG, L.MEROLA, M.MESCHINI, W.J.METZGER, A.MIHUL, A.VAN MIL, H.MILCENT, G.MIRABELLI, G.B.MOHANTY, B.MONTELEONI, G.S.MUANZA, A.J.M.MUIJS, M.MUSY, S.NAGY, R.NAHNHAUER, V.A.NAUMOV, S.NATALE, M.NAPOLITANO, F.NESSI-TEDALDI, H.NEWMAN, A.NISATI, T.NOVAK, H.NOWAK, R.OFIERZYNSKI, G.ORGANTINI, I.PAL, C.PALOMARES, P.PAOLUCCI, R.PARAMATTI, J.-F.PARRIAUD, G.PASSALEVA, S.PATRICELLI, T.PAUL, M.PAULUZZI, C.PAUS, F.PAUSS, M.PEDACE, S.PENSOTTI, D.PERRET-GALLIX, B.PETERSEN, D.PICCOLO, F.PIERELLA, M.PIERI, M.PIOPPI, P.A.PIROUE, E.PISTOLESI, V.PLYASKIN, M.POHL, V.POJIDAEV, J.POTHIER, D.PROKOFIEV, C.R.QING, G.RAHAL-CALLOT, M.A.RAHAMAN, P.RAICS, N.RAJA, R.RAMELLI, P.G.RANCOITA, R.RANIERI, A.RASPEREZA, K.C.RAVINDRAN, P.RAZIS, S.REMBECZKI, D.REN, M.RESCIGNO, S.REUCROFT, P.REWIERSMA, S.RIEMANN, K.RILES, B.P.ROE, A.ROJKOV, L.ROMERO, A.ROSCA, S.ROSIER-LEES, S.ROTH, J.A.RUBIO, G.RUGGIERO, H.RYKACZEWSKI, R.SAIDI, A.SAKHAROV, S.SAREMI, S.SARKAR, J.SALICIO, E.SANCHEZ, C.SCHAFER, V.SCHEGELSKY, V.SCHMITT, B.SCHOENEICH, H.SCHOPPER, D.J.SCHOTANUS, C.SCIACCA, L.SERVOLI, C.Q.SHEN, S.SHEVCHENKO, N.SHIVAROV, V.SHOUTKO, E.SHUMILOV, A.SHVOROB, D.SON, C.SOUGA, P.SPILLANTINI, M.STEUER, D.P.STICKLAND, B.STOYANOV, A.STRAESSNER, K.SUDHAKAR, H.SULANKE, G.SULTANOV, L.Z.SUN, H.SUTER, J.D.SWAIN, Z.SZILLASI, X.W.TANG, P.TARJAN, L.TAUSCHER, L.TAYLOR, B.TELLILI, D.TEYSSIER, C.TIMMERMANS, SAMUEL C.C.TING, S.M.TING, S.C.TONWAR, J.TOTH, G.TROWITZSCH, C.TULLY, K.L.TUNG, J.ULBRICHT, M.UNGER, E.VALENTE, H.VERKOOIJEN, R.T.VAN DE WALLE, R.VASQUEZ, G.VESZTERGOMBI, I.VETLITSKY, G.VIERTEL, M.VIVARGENT, S.VLACHOS, I.VODOPIANOV, H.VOGEL, H.VOGT, I.VOROBIEV, A.A.VOROBYOV, M.WADHWA, R.G.WANG, Q.WANG X.L.WANG, X.W.WANG, Z.M.WANG, M.WEBER, R.VAN WIJK, T.A.M.WIJNEN, H.WILKENS, S.WYNHOFF, L.XIA, Y.P.XU, J.S.XU, Z.Z.XU, J.YAMAMOTO, B.Z.YANG, C.G.YANG, H.J.YANG, M.YANG, X.F.YANG, Z.G.YAO, S.C.YEH, Z.Q.YU, AN.ZALITE, YU.ZALITE, C.ZHANG, F.ZHANG, J.ZHANG, S.ZHANG, Z.P.ZHANG, J.ZHAO, S.J.ZHOU, G.Y.ZHU, R.Y.ZHU, Q.Q.ZHU, H.L.ZHUANG, A.ZICHICHI, B.ZIMMERMANN, M.ZOELLER, A.N.M.ZWART., P., Achard, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Chiefari, Giovanni, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, Merola, Leonardo, Napolitano, Marco, Patricelli, Sergio, Sciacca, Crisostomo, Achard, Pablo, Bourquin, Maurice, Braccini, Saverio, Chamizo Llatas, Maria, Deglon, Patrick, Delmeire, Evelyne, Echenard, Bertrand, Extermann, Pierre, Field, John, Kienzle, Maria-Novella, Natale, Sonia, Pohl, Martin, and Straessner, Arno

Subjects
ISM: cosmic rays, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, L3+C, Cosmic Rays, Cosmic ray, Context (language use), Astrophysics, ddc:500.2, Sun: solar wind, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, plasmas, sun : magnetic fields, Sun : solar wind, interplanetary, medium, ISM : cosmic rays, Astronomy & Astrophysics, law, Solar wind(sun), Magnetic fields(sun), 0103 physical sciences, cosmic rays [ISM], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Collider, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Sun: magnetic fields, Ciencias Exactas, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Muon, Isotropy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, solar wind [Sun], magnetic fields [Sun], Space and Planetary Science, Sidereal time, Plasmas, Experimental High Energy Physics, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Interplanetary medium
Abstract

Context. Primary cosmic rays experience multiple deflections in the non-uniform galactic and heliospheric magnetic fields which may generate anisotropies. Aims. A study of anisotropies in the energy range between 100 and 500 GeV is performed. This energy range is not yet well explored. Methods. The L3 detector at the CERN electron-positron collider, LEP, is used for a study of the angular distribution of atmospheric muons with energies above 20 GeV. This distribution is used to investigate the isotropy of the time-dependent intensity of the primary cosmic-ray flux with a Fourier analysis. Results. A small deviation from isotropy at energies around 200 GeV is observed for the second harmonics at the solar frequency. No sidereal anisotropy is found at a level above 10-4 . The measurements were performed in the years 1999 and 2000., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

Published
2008
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30. The AMANDA neutrino telescope

Author

E.C. Andrés, P. Askebjer, S.W. Barwick, R.C. Bay, L. Bergström, A. Biron, J. Booth, O. Botner, A. Bouchta, S. Carius, M. Carlson, W. Chinowsky, D. Chirkin, J. Conrad, C.G.S. Costa, D. Cowen, E. Dalberg, T. DeYoung, J. Edsjö, P. Ekström, A. Goobar, L. Gray, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, R. Hardtke, S. Hart, Y. He, C.P. de los Heros, G. Hill, P.O. Hulth, S. Hundertmark, J. Jacobsen, A. Jones, V. Kandhadai, A. Karle, J. Kim, H. Leich, M. Leuthold, P. Lindahl, I. Liubarsky, P. Loaiza, D. Lowder, P. Marciniewski, T.C. Miller, P. Miocinovic, P.C. Mock, R. Morse, M. Newcomer, P. Niessen, D. Nygren, R. Porrata, D. Potter, P.B. Price, G. Przybylski, W. Rhode, S. Richter, J. Rodriguez, P. Romenesko, D. Ross, H. Rubinstein, T. Schmidt, E. Schneider, R. Schwarz, U. Schwendicke, G. Smoot, M. Solarz, V. Sorin, C. Spiering, P. Steffen, R. Stokstad, O. Streicher, I. Taboada, T. Thon, S. Tilav, C. Walck, C.H. Wiebusch, R. Wischnewski, K. Woschnagg, W. Wu, G. Yodh, and S. Young

Subjects
Particle physics, High energy, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Neutrino telescope, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Particle detector, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, Telescope, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), law, Physics, Muon, Astrophysics (astro-ph), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Detector, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Early results, Space and Planetary Science, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Neutrino
Abstract

With an effective telescope area of order $10^4$ m$^2$ for TeV neutrinos, a threshold near $\sim$50 GeV and a pointing accuracy of 2.5 degrees per muon track, the AMANDA detector represents the first of a new generation of high energy neutrino telescopes, reaching a scale envisaged over 25 years ago. We describe early results on the calibration of natural deep ice as a particle detector as well as on AMANDA's performance as a neutrino telescope., Comment: 12 pages, Latex2.09, uses espcrc2.sty and epsf.sty, 13 postscript files included. Talk presented at the 18th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino 98), Takayama, Japan, June 1998

Published
1998
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31. Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

Author

Marian Nash Leich

Subjects
Political Science and International Relations, Law
Abstract

On March 3,1997, President William J. Clinton transmitted to the Senate for its advice and consent to ratification as a treaty the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Hong Kong for the Surrender of Fugitive Offenders, signed at Hong Kong on December 20,1996. In his letter of transmittal, President Clinton pointed out that, upon its entry into force, the Agreement would “enhance cooperation between the law enforcement communities of the United States and Hong Kong, and … provide a framework and basic protections for extraditions after the reversion of Hong Kong to the sovereignty of the People’s Republic of China on July 1, 1997.” The President continued: Given the absence of an extradition treaty with the People’s Republic of China, this Treaty would provide the means to continue an extradition relationship with Hong Kong after reversion and avoid a gap in law enforcement. It will thereby make a significant contribution to international law enforcement efforts.The provisions of this Agreement follow generally the form and content of extradition treaties recently concluded by the United States. In addition, the Agreement contains several provisions specially designed in light of the particular status of Hong Kong. The Agreement’s basic protections for fugitives are also made expressly applicable to fugitives surrendered by the two parties before the new treaty enters into force.

Published
1998
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32. Tapered single-mode Yb-fiber laser at 976 nm

Author

Jens Kobelke, Hartmut Bartelt, Alexander Hartung, Jan Dellith, Sylvia Jetschke, Denny Hoh, Tina Eschrich, Martin Becker, Martin Leich, Matthias Jäger, and Stephan Grimm

Subjects
Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, Single-mode optical fiber, Polarization-maintaining optical fiber, law.invention, Optics, Fiber Bragg grating, law, Fiber laser, Dispersion-shifted fiber, business, Plastic optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

We report on a Yb-doped large-core fiber laser at 976 nm prepared by powder-sinter technology. Wavelength-locked single-mode operation is achieved with 10 W out of a standard single-mode fiber.

Published
2014
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33. Powder-sintering Technique for High-power Fiber Lasers

Author

Kay Schuster, Jan Dellith, Birgit Müller, Martin Leich, and Stephan Grimm

Subjects
Double-clad fiber, Optical fiber, Materials science, law, Plastic-clad silica fiber, Fiber laser, Sintering, Composite material, Laser, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, law.invention, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

A new approach for silica laser materials is presented. The technology is based on reactive powder doping, sintering and vitrification and yields in homogeneous active doped bulk material with an excellent RI homogeneity of about 10-4.

Published
2014
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34. Evidence of Tm impact in low-photodarkening Yb-doped fibers

Author

Matthias Jäger, Johannes Kirchhof, Sylvia Jetschke, Martin Leich, Anka Schwuchow, Sonja Unger, and Julia Fiebrandt

Subjects
Materials science, Light, business.industry, Doping, Analytical chemistry, Chemical vapor deposition, Equipment Design, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Fluorescence spectroscopy, law.invention, Equipment Failure Analysis, Wavelength, Optics, law, Fiber laser, Thulium, Photodarkening, Fiber Optic Technology, Scattering, Radiation, Spontaneous emission, Ytterbium, business
Abstract

In contrast to Yb/Al-doped fibers, the influence of very low Tm(2)O(3) concentrations (≥ 0.1 mol-ppm) on photodarkening (PD) is clearly detectable in Yb/P-doped fibers that are known to show little degradation effects. For Tm(2)O(3) additions of more than 50 mol-ppm, the measured PD loss is even similar to Yb/Al-doped fibers with comparable rare earth concentrations. Our work reveals the risk of color center generation by pumping at wavelengths of 915 nm or 976 nm even in Al-free Yb-doped fibers and emphasizes the importance of high purity of raw materials for the preparation of Yb laser fibers with expected very low PD.

Published
2013

35. Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

Author

Marian Nash and null (Leich)

Subjects
Political science, Law, Political Science and International Relations, Offensive, Milestone, Russian federation, Intercontinental ballistic missile, Nuclear weapon, Treaty, International law, Ratification
Abstract

On June 27, 1996, the Senate voted its advice and consent to ratification of the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 Relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, with Annexes, adopted at New York on August 4, 1995, by consensus of the UN Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Stocks, and signed by the United States on December 4, 1995, subject to one declaration, which read as follows:It is the Sense of the Senate that “no reservations” provisions as contained in Article 42 have the effect of inhibiting die Senate from exercising its constitutional duty to give advice and consent to a treaty, and die Senate’s approval of this treaty should not be construed as a precedent for acquiescence to future treaties containing such a provision.

Published
1996
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36. Design evolution, long term performance and application tests of extra large mode area (XLMA) fiber lasers

Author

Hagen Zimer, Matthias Jäger, Björn Wedel, Andreas Langner, Florian Just, Charley Bachert, Martin Leich, Gerhard Schötz, Marcin Michal Kozak, Kay Schuster, Jan Dellith, Georg Rehmann, Stephan Grimm, Volker Krause, and Mario Such

Subjects
All-silica fiber, Materials science, Optical fiber, Plastic-clad silica fiber, business.industry, Graded-index fiber, law.invention, Optics, law, Fiber laser, Laser power scaling, Plastic optical fiber, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

XLMA fibers based on Yb-doped bulk silica possess an excellent refractive index and doping level homogeneity [1]. To achieve the highest optical-to-optical efficiency and long-term operation without degradation we simulated the effect of the brightness conversion factor of different core dopant compositions of such XLMA fibers. We also investigated the beam quality of a multi-kW single XLMA fiber laser system and its long-term stability. The current state-of-the-art XLMA single fiber laser has 5 kW maximum output power and a degradation rate of about 0.5 % / 500 h at 4 kW measured over a period of 1700 h. Several application tests demonstrate the excellent performance of the XLMA fiber laser.

Published
2013
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37. Study of lanthanum aluminum silicate glasses for passive and active optical fibers

Author

Doris Litzkendorf, Stéphanie Leparmentier, Martin Leich, Sylvia Jetschke, Stephan Grimm, G. Werner, Jan Dellith, Jean-Louis Auguste, A. Ludwig, K. Schuster, Jens Kobelke, Georges Humbert, Anka Schwuchow, Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), IPHT Jena: Institute of Photonic Technology, PHOTONIQUE (XLIM-PHOTONIQUE), XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Fibotec Fiberoptics GmbH

Subjects
Ytterbium, Optical fiber, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, 010309 optics, Zero-dispersion wavelength, Optics, law, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cladding (fiber optics), Supercontinuum, chemistry, Photodarkening, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

We report on SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -La 2 O 3 glasses – with and without Yb 2 O 3 – suitable for nonlinear and fiber laser applications. We also present successful supercontinuum generation and fiber laser operation around 1060 nm in step-index fibers. We have optimized the glass compositions in terms of thermal and optical requirements for both a high La 2 O 3 (24 mol%) and Yb 2 O 3 (6 mol%) concentration. The aluminum concentration was adjusted to about 21 mol% Al 2 O 3 to increase the solubility of lanthanum and ytterbium in the glass beyond possible MCVD based techniques. The glasses have been characterized by dilatometrical methods to find transition temperatures from 860 to 880°C and thermal expansion coefficients between 4.1 and 7.0 × 10 -6 K -1 . Structured step index fibers with a SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -La 2 O 3 core and silica cladding have been realized showing a fiber loss minimum of about 500 dB/km at 1200 nm wavelength. The chromatic dispersion could be adjusted to shift the zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) close to the pump wavelength of 1550 nm in a supercontinuum generation setup. First fiber laser experiments show an efficiency of about 41 % with a remarkably reduced photodarkening compared to MCVD based fibers.

Published
2013
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38. Measurement of the proton structure functionF 2 at lowx and lowQ 2 at HERA

Author

D. Krakauer, M. L. Utley, J. Mollen, J. I. Fleck, Y. Nagasawa, P. Nylander, K. K. Joo, O. Mańczak, G. F. Hartner, R. Yoshida, J. A. Zakrzewski, Thomas Trefzger, F. J. Sciulli, K.F. Johnson, P. Bruni, Costas Foudas, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, S. Dagan, M. Khakzad, M. L. Cardy, K. Honscheid, Yu. A. Golubkov, Vladimir Bashkirov, H. Tiecke, M. Posocco, Geoffrey Smith, L.W. Mo, Andrea Contin, C. Händel-Pikielny, J. F. Martin, N. Bruemmer, Christian Nemoz, A. Caldwell, A. Frey, F. Selonke, L. Köpke, Ulf Behrens, Federico Cindolo, W. Bogusz, A. Cassidy, Y. Iga, N. Dyce, J. Ciborowski, A. Kruse, D. Schramm, C. A. Heusch, E. Hilger, G. Grzelak, R. Ullmann, C. Voci, T. Monteiro, J. M. Pawlak, T. C. Bacon, T. Yip, Mariusz Przybycien, M. Corradi, A. Bernstein, Y. Zamora Garcia, T. Voß, M. Nakahata, Cg Matthews, M.A.J. Botje, Marcella Capua, W. Metcalf, U. Holm, A. Garfagnini, Fernando Barreiro, Mauro Morandin, Hao Zhang, M. Dardo, C. Coldewey, S. Yang, Jens Hartmann, P. Cloth, N. Pavel, I. Suzuki, William S. Lockman, K.W. McLean, S. Nickel, D. B. Miller, J. Gajewski, A. Ladage, Ricardo Graciani, S. Söldner-Rembold, K. Prytz, N. Cartiglia, K. Muchorowski, P. Kooijman, L. W. Hung, T. Neumann, Lucia Votano, T.P. Shah, E. Lohrmann, B. Löhr, C. Nath, C. P. Fagerstroem, H. Heßling, F. Palmonari, M. Krzyżanowski, W. N. Murray, S. M. Wang, S. De Pasquale, D. H. Saxon, I. H. Park, O. Yu. Lukina, Ben Bylsma, D. Lüke, A. Polini, S. Campbell-Robson, S. Kitamura, Amedeo Staiano, U. F. Katz, R. Wedemeyer, M. Basile, Rosario Nania, Sung Keun Park, J. K. Bienlein, T. Doeker, J. Milewski, S. Eisenhardt, Y. Eisenberg, H.J. Grabosch, S. Kartik, P. Göttlicher, J. Gilmore, M. Pfeiffer, T. Haas, V. D. Kobrin, T. Dubbs, Antonino Zichichi, ME Hayes, E. Tassi, A. Nigro, D.J. Gilkinson, B. Lu, S. W. Nam, R. Ayad, R. Walczak, J. Biltzinger, B.Y. Oh, M. H. Suh, M. Zachara, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, K. Heinloth, Giuseppe Barbagli, D. Filges, J. Roldán, M. Eckert, L. Bellagamba, Shoichi Yamada, R.C.E. Devenish, Francois Corriveau, H. Hartmann, E. McCliment, D. Revel, G. Cara Romeo, A. Dannemann, H.-P. Jakob, P. Joos, R. L. Saunders, O. Deppe, J. Stamm, A.F. Whitfield, A. Kotański, A. Meyer, A. Seiden, G. Laurenti, L.A.T. Bauerdick, B. Foster, M. Lancaster, J. M. Hernandez, R. Brugnera, C. Li, G. Sartorelli, J.T. Wu, J.R. Okrasiński, J. Bulmahn, J. Zając, Yasunori Yamazaki, G. Cases, D. C. Bailey, B. Gutjahr, V. A. Kuzmin, R. Stanek, M. De Giorgi, C. Youngman, A. Eskreys, A. T. Doyle, L. Labarga, Wouter Verkerke, R. R. McNeil, E. Badura, D. Mikunas, W. N. Cottingham, C. Fordham, Luisa Cifarelli, L. K. Gladilin, Neville Harnew, P. Morawitz, B. Y. H. Hung, Sridhara Dasu, Marcel Vreeswijk, T.L. Short, D Piccioni, B. A. Dolgoshein, John Hart, W. Schulz, Luca Stanco, K. Desler, L. Iannotti, Ada Solano, Gm Levman, S. Ritz, D. S. Hanna, Halina Abramowicz, D. C. Williams, D. S. Waters, S. Limentani, J. Del Peso, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, Silvia Maselli, G. Briskin, E. Rulikowska-Zarcebska, Roberto Carlin, M. de Kamps, K. Charchuła, K. Yamauchi, Q. Zhu, M. Brkic, L.E. Sinclair, K. Homma, H. J. Kim, C. Glasman, N. Wulff, Cristiana Peroni, R. J. Cashmore, Roberto Sacchi, H. Kowalski, M. Z. Wang, D. Hasell, G. D'Agostini, Giovanni Maccarrone, J. K. Sedgbeer, Anselmo Margotti, Simon George, S. Mine, S. Schlenstedt, S. Bhadra, A. Bruni, T. Y. Ling, L. Lindemann, L.W. Wiggers, P. J. Bussey, M. Löwe, Tachishige Hirose, J.D. McFall, D. Horstmann, R. Timellini, A. Dake, N. H. Brook, V. L. Harris, B. D. Burow, Giovanni Abbiendi, Robert Klanner, A. Vaiciulis, G. Bruni, M. Derrick, A. Prinias, Elisabetta Gallo, T. Tymieniecka, A. Bornheim, E. Barberis, J. A. O'Mara, P.F. Ermolov, Jose Repond, G. Anzivino, K. Ohrenberg, Giuseppe Levi, W. Koch, M. Rohde, Danuta Kisielewska, A. N. Solomin, U. Kötz, U. Mallik, Aharon Levy, D. Westphal, P. Giusti, J. T. Rahn, M. Nakao, P. Borzemski, M. Kuze, T. Massam, J. N. Lim, A. Bertolin, Greg P Heath, K. Jelen, J. Engelen, G. Zacek, G. Drews, J. A. Parsons, U. Karshon, H. Beier, A.S. Wilson, J. J. Whitmore, W. Hain, R. Sinkus, Luis Hervas, D. Zer-Zion, J. F. de Trocóniz, L. Zawiejski, W.R. Frisken, I. Ali, D. Boscherini, Tadeusz Kowalski, V. K. Nadendla, R. J. Nowak, W. H. Smith, J. Große-Knetter, Roberto Cirio, D. S. Bailey, O. Schwarzer, Helen F Heath, G. Poelz, J.F. Zhou, G. Castellini, L. Wai, Mário Costa, A. H. Walenta, DG Roff, Lutz Feld, M.C.K. Mattingly, L. S. Durkin, Douglas Gingrich, Giancarlo Susinno, B. Musgrave, M. St.Laurent, J.S.T. Ng, R. Stroili, R. Hamatsu, R. Imlay, K. Wick, E. Paul, J. Puga, F.S. Chlebana, U. Schneekloth, A. Stifutkin, I. Gialas, I. Butterworth, S. Magill, M. Adamus, J. Schroeder, S. Polenz, Ta Romanowski, G. Marini, Np Zotov, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, A.K. Wróblewski, A. Bamberger, Masami Chiba, Klaus Kurt Desch, Matthias Kasemann, K. M. Furutani, F. F. Wilson, M. Chiarini, Leszek Adamczyk, Jonathan Butterworth, J. P. Fernandez, D. Notz, I. A. Korzhavina, M.I. Ferrero, S. H. Yon, D. Acosta, T. W. Jones, Anna Goussiou, Dg Stairs, G. L. Bashindzhagyan, W.B. Schmidke, R. J. Teuscher, R. G. Feild, J. Labs, A. Freidhof, James Crittenden, M. Grothe, L. Heinz, R. S. Orr, P. B. Straub, Kenneth Long, F. Dal Corso, Marco Schioppa, P. G. Pelfer, B. Behrens, G. Bari, R. Seidlein, T. Hasegawa, M. Van Hook, B. Bednarek, A. Leich, W.F. Badgett, H. F.W. Sadrozinski, F. Zetsche, Y. Nakamitsu, Katsuo Tokushuku, R. J. Tapper, J. Shulman, Umberto Dosselli, Debades Bandyopadhyay, Janusz Chwastowski, E. A. De Wolf, J. R. Tickner, D.D. Reeder, Juan Terron, M. Kasprzak, B. Diekmann, G. Zech, M. Flasiński, M. Wodarczyk, S. M. Hong, Masashi Hazumi, R. L. Talaga, C. Rembser, N. A. McCubbin, Samuel Silverstein, E. Stiliaris, L. Hagge, P. B. Kaziewicz, T. Ishii, R. J. Seifert, L. Lamberti, Stefano Maria Mari, A. Quadt, H. Uijterwaal, L. M. Shcheglova, A.S. Proskuryakov, C.J.S. Morgado, Michele Arneodo, R. van Woudenberg, F. Benard, M. Martinez, A. A. Savin, L. Suszycki, Giuseppe Iacobucci, R. Loveless, M. Geerts, K. Blankenship, C.R. Sampson, J.B. Lane, P. M. Patel, Gy. Wolf, Rr Rau, B. Surrow, S.H. An, V.A. Noyes, M. Roco, T. Tsurugai, S. Mengel, J. Mainusch, A. Byrne, Avto Kharchilava, W. Schott, and Cd Catterall

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, law, Structure (category theory), Perturbative QCD, HERA, Collider, Deep inelastic scattering, law.invention, Positron energy
Abstract

We report on a measurement of the proton structure function F 2 in the range 3.5×10-5≤x≤4×10-3 and 1.5 GeV2≤Q 2≤15GeV2 at the ep collider HERA operating at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=300GeV. The rise of F 2 with decreasing x observed in the previous HERA measurements persists in this lower x and Q 2 range. The Q 2 evolution of F 2, even at the lowest Q 2 and x measured, is consistent with perturbative QCD. © 1996 Springer-Verlag.

Published
1995
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39. Observation of hard scattering in photoproduction events with a large rapidity gap at HERA

Author

M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, J. Schlereth, R. Stanek, R.L. Talaga, J. Thron, F. Arzarello, R. Ayad, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, P. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, M. Chiarini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, F. Ciralli, A. Contin, S. D'Auria, F. Frasconi, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam, R. Nania, C. Nemoz, F. Palmonari, A. Polini, G. Sartorelli, R. Timellini, Y. Zamora Garcia, A. Zichichi, A. Bargende, J. Crittenden, K. Desch, B. Diekmann, T. Doeker, M. Eckert, L. Feld, A. Frey, M. Geerts, G. Geitz, M. Grothe, H. Hartmann, D. Haun, K. Heinloth, E. Hilger, H.-P. Jakob, U.F. Katz, S.M. Mari, A. Mass, S. Mengel, J. Mollen, E. Paul, Ch. Rembser, R. Schattevoy, D. Schramm, J. Stamm, R. Wedemeyer, S. Campbell-Robson, A. Cassidy, N. Dyce, B. Foster, S. George, R. Gilmore, G.P. Heath, H.F. Heath, T.J. Llewellyn, C.J.S. Morgado, D.J.P. Norman, J.A. O'Mara, R.J. Tapper, S.S. Wilson, R. Yoshida, R.R. Rau, M. Arneodo, L. Iannotti, M. Schioppa, G. Susinno, A. Bernstein, A. Caldwell, J.A. Parsons, S. Ritz, F. Sciulli, P.B. Straub, L. Wai, S. Yang, Q. Zhu, P. Borzemski, J. Chwastowski, A. Eskreys, K. Piotrzkowski, M. Zachara, L. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, B. Bednarek, K. Eskreys, K. Jeleń, D. Kisielewska, T. Kowalski, E. Rulikowska-Zarȩbska, L. Suszycki, J. Zaja̧c, A. Kotański, M. Przybycień, L.A.T. Bauerdick, U. Behrens, J.K. Bienlein, S. Böttcher, C. Coldewey, G. Drews, M. Flasiński, D.J. Gilkinson, P. Göttlicher, B. Gutjahr, T. Haas, W. Hain, D. Hasell, H. Heßling, H. Hultschig, Y. Iga, P. Joos, M. Kasemann, R. Klanner, W. Koch, L. Köpke, U. Kötz, H. Kowalski, W. Kröger, J. Krüger, J. Labs, A. Ladage, B. Löhr, M. Löwe, D. Lüke, O. Mańczak, J.S.T. Ng, S. Nickel, D. Notz, K. Ohrenberg, M. Roco, M. Rohde, J. Roldán, U. Schneekloth, W. Schulz, F. Selonke, E. Stiliaris, T. Voß, D. Westphal, G. Wolf, C. Youngman, H.J. Grabosch, A. Leich, A. Meyer, C. Rethfeldt, S. Schlenstedt, G. Barbagli, P. Pelfer, G. Anzivino, G. Maccarrone, S. De Pasquale, S. Qian, L. Votano, A. Bamberger, A. Freidhof, T. Poser, S. Söldner-Rembold, J. Schroeder, G. Theisen, T. Trefzger, N.H. Brook, P.J. Bussey, A.T. Doyle, I. Fleck, V.A. Jamieson, D.H. Saxon, M.L. Utley, A.S. Wilson, A. Dannemann, U. Holm, D. Horstmann, H. Kammerlocher, B. Krebs, T. Neumann, R. Sinkus, K. Wick, E. Badura, B.D. Burow, A. Fürtjes, L. Hagge, E. Lohrmann, J. Mainusch, J. Milewski, M. Nakahata, N. Pavel, G. Poelz, W. Schott, J. Terron, F. Zetsche, T.C. Bacon, R. Beuselinck, I. Butterworth, E. Gallo, V.L. Harris, B.H. Hung, K.R. Long, D.B. Miller, P.P.O. Morawitz, A. Prinias, J.K. Sedgbeer, A.F. Whitfield, U. Mallik, E. McCliment, M.Z. Wang, S.M. Wang, J.T. Wu, Y. Zhang, P. Cloth, D. Filges, S.H. An, S.M. Hong, S.W. Nam, S.K. Park, M.H. Suh, S.H. Yon, R. Imlay, S. Kartik, H.-J. Kim, R.R. McNeil, W. Metcalf, V.K. Nadendla, F. Barreiro, G. Cases, R. Graciani, J.M. Hernández, L. Hervás, L. Labarga, J. del Peso, J. Puga, J.F. de Trocóniz, G.R. Smith, F. Corriveau, D.S. Hanna, J. Hartmann, L.W. Hung, J.N. Lim, C.G. Matthews, P.M. Patel, L.E. Sinclair, D.G. Stairs, M.St. Laurent, R. Ullmann, G. Zacek, V. Bashkirov, B.A. Dolgoshein, A. Stifutkin, G.L. Bashindzhagyan, P.F. Ermolov, L.K. Gladilin, Y.A. Golubkov, V.D. Kobrin, V.A. Kuzmin, A.S. Proskuryakov, A.A. Savin, L.M. Shcheglova, A.N. Solomin, N.P. Zotov, S. Bentvelsen, M. Botje, F. Chlebana, A. Dake, J. Engelen, P. de Jong, M. de Kamps, P. Kooijman, A. Kruse, V. O'Dell, A. Tenner, H. Tiecke, W. Verkerke, M. Vreeswijk, L. Wiggers, E. de Wolf, R. van Woudenberg, D. Acosta, B. Bylsma, L.S. Durkin, K. Honscheid, C. Li, T.Y. Ling, K.W. McLean, W.N. Murray, I.H. Park, T.A. Romanowski, R. Seidlein, D.S. Bailey, G.A. Blair, A. Byrne, R.J. Cashmore, A.M. Cooper-Sarkar, D. Daniels, R.C.E. Devenish, N. Harnew, M. Lancaster, P.E. Luffman, L. Lindemann, J. McFall, C. Nath, A. Quadt, H. Uijterwaal, R. Walczak, F.F. Wilson, T. Yip, G. Abbiendi, A. Bertolin, R. Brugnera, R. Carlin, F. Dal Corso, M. De Giorgi, U. Dosselli, S. Limentani, M. Morandin, M. Posocco, L. Stanco, R. Stroili, C. Voci, J. Bulmahn, J.M. Butterworth, R.G. Feild, B.Y. Oh, J.J. Whitmore, G. D'Agostini, M. Iori, G. Marini, M. Mattioli, A. Nigro, E. Tassi, J.C. Hart, N.A. McCubbin, K. Prytz, T.P. Shah, T.L. Short, E. Barberis, N. Cartiglia, T. Dubbs, C. Heusch, M. Van Hook, B. Hubbard, W. Lockman, J.T. Rahn, H.F.-W. Sadrozinski, A. Seiden, J. Biltzinger, R.J. Seifert, A.H. Walenta, G. Zech, H. Abramowicz, G. Briskin, S. Dagan, A. Levy, T. Hasegawa, M. Hazumi, T. Ishii, M. Kuze, S. Mine, Y. Nagasawa, T. Nagira, M. Nakao, I. Suzuki, K. Tokushuku, S. Yamada, Y. Yamazaki, M. Chiba, R. Hamatsu, T. Hirose, K. Homma, S. Kitamura, S. Nagayama, Y. Nakamitsu, R. Cirio, M. Costa, M.I. Ferrero, L. Lamberti, S. Maselli, C. Peroni, R. Sacchi, A. Solano, A. Staiano, M. Dardo, D.C. Bailey, D. Bandyopadhyay, F. Benard, M. Brkic, M.B. Crombie, D.M. Gingrich, G.F. Hartner, K.K. Joo, G.M. Levman, J.F. Martin, R.S. Orr, C.R. Sampson, R.J. Teuscher, C.D. Catterall, T.W. Jones, P.B. Kaziewicz, J.B. Lane, R.L. Saunders, J. Shulman, K. Blankenship, J. Kochocki, B. Lu, L.W. Mo, W. Bogusz, K. Charchuła, J. Ciborowski, J. Gajewski, G. Grzelak, M. Kasprzak, M. Krzyżanowski, K. Muchorowski, R.J. Nowak, J.M. Pawlak, T. Tymieniecka, A.K. Wróblewski, J.A. Zakrzewski, A.F. Żarnecki, M. Adamus, Y. Eisenberg, C. Glasman, U. Karshon, D. Revel, A. Shapira, I. Ali, B. Behrens, S. Dasu, C. Fordham, C. Foudas, A. Goussiou, R.J. Loveless, D.D. Reeder, S. Silverstein, W.H. Smith, T. Tsurugai, S. Bhadra, W.R. Frisken, K.M. Furutani, and Zeus (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, DIFFRACTION, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, law.invention, COLLIDER, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, DESIGN, law, 0103 physical sciences, Rapidity, CALORIMETER, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Collider, DETECTOR, Physics, Research Groups and Centres\Physics\Low Temperature Physics, Science & Technology, ZEUS (particle detector), Faculty of Science\Physics, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, ZEUS, diffractive scattering, HERA, photoproduction, Nuclear & Particles Physics, POMERON STRUCTURE, Physics, Nuclear, PHOTON, Physical Sciences, JETS, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

Events with a large rapidity gap and total transverse energy greater than 5 GeV have been observed in quasi-real photoproduction at HERA with the ZEUS detector. The distribution of these events as a function of the $\gamma p$ centre of mass energy is consistent with diffractive scattering. For total transverse energies above 12 GeV, the hadronic final states show predominantly a two-jet structure with each jet having a transverse energy greater than 4 GeV. For the two-jet events, little energy flow is found outside the jets. This observation is consistent with the hard scattering of a quasi-real photon with a colourless object in the proton., Comment: 19 pages, latex, 4 figures appended as uuencoded file

Published
1995
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40. In-fiber temperature measurement during optical pumping of Yb-doped laser fibers

Author

Manfred Rothhardt, Hartmut Bartelt, Julia Fiebrandt, and Martin Leich

Subjects
All-silica fiber, Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, Plastic-clad silica fiber, Physics::Optics, law.invention, Optics, law, Fiber laser, Photodarkening, Optoelectronics, Plastic optical fiber, business, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

We report on the inscription of FBGs in rare earth doped optical fibers, the reduction of inherent absorption effects in the FBGs and the FBG-based temperature measurement within the core of actively doped fiber samples during core pumping. Besides a temperature increase due to the quantum defect of Yb-ions a change in temperature during pumping was observed and fits qualitatively well to the parallel measured photodarkening evolution.

Published
2012
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41. Highly efficient Yb-doped silica fibers prepared by powder sinter technology

Author

Tina Eschrich, Stephan Grimm, Mario Such, Gerhard Schötz, Andreas Langner, Florian Just, and Martin Leich

Subjects
All-silica fiber, Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, Plastic-clad silica fiber, Sintering, Chemical vapor deposition, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Optics, law, Fiber laser, Fiber, Composite material, business, Hard-clad silica optical fiber
Abstract

We report on the characteristics of an active fiber with core material made by sintering of Yb-doped silica powders as an alternative to a conventional modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) technique. This material provides the possibility to design very large and homogenously rare-earth doped active fiber cores. We have determined a fiber background attenuation of 20 dB/km and measured a slope efficiency of 80%. These values are comparable to established fibers made by MCVD technology.

Published
2011

42. New developments in high power fiber lasers based on alternative materials

Author

Andreas Langner, Volker Krause, Florian Just, Martin Leich, Georg Rehmann, Roman Dr. Niedrig, Mario Such, Stephan Grimm, Christian Mühlig, Björn Wedel, Jens Kobelke, Olaf Strauch, Anka Schwuchow, Gerhard Schötz, and Oliver Mehl

Subjects
All-silica fiber, Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, Plastic-clad silica fiber, Physics::Optics, Graded-index fiber, law.invention, Optics, law, Fiber laser, Optoelectronics, Laser power scaling, business, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

Sintering of Yb-doped fused silica granulates is a well established technique developed by the IPHT and Heraeus Quarzglas and it produces very homogeneous rare earth doped bulk silica core rods for fiber laser applications. By using a newly developed laser induced deflection (LID) technique we are able to pre-characterize directly the material absorption properties of the bulk material prior to the laser fiber production. The bulk absorption results measured by LID are without scattering effects and they are typically in good agreement with the total attenuation measured in the fibers. We achieved a fiber background loss of 20 dB/km. Furthermore, we present detailed studies of the refractive index homogeneity of the Yb-doped bulk materials and laser fibers to show the unique features of the Yb-doped bulk silica. Multimode double cladding laser fibers with an extra large mode area XLMA fiber design (core diameter up to 100 μm) have been produced from the Yb-doped bulk silica rods by two different techniques. One is a classical jacketing method; the other employs the stacking of un-doped, Yb- and F-doped rods and F-doped tubes. Different fiber types have been tested in different fiber laser setups. The influence of the fiber end cap properties on the fiber laser focus shift is discussed in detail. We have achieved fiber laser output powers up to 1.925 kW, limited only by the pump power. We also investigated the long term laser stability at different power levels.

Published
2011
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44. Nonlinear Distortion and Intensity Noise Induced by Laser Frequency Chirping and Fiber Dispersion in Multichannel Intensity Modulation Systems

Author

Yu Gao and Martin Leich

Subjects
Physics, Optical fiber, Relative intensity noise, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Noise (electronics), law.invention, Optics, Nonlinear distortion, law, Dispersion (optics), Phase noise, Chirp, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Intensity modulation
Abstract

When a chirped intensity-modulated light signal is transmitted through a dispersive optical fiber, substantial nonlinear distortion and intensity noise are generated due to the laser frequency chirping and the FM-AM conversion. This paper presents a new theoretical analysis of these effects. Based on a concise system input-output representation, the intensity noise and the nonlinear distortion after fiber transmission are determined and given by simple analytical expressions. The classical Volterra-Wiener theory is applied to ascertain the system dynamic nonlinea-rity. It is shown how the laser intensity and phase noise, the fiber length and dispersion as well as the intensity modulation, affect the overall system performance. In particular, their impact on multichannel analog TV transmission systems is investigated.

Published
1993
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45. Condition assessment of on load tap changers using dynamic resistance measurements

Author

P.P. Seitz, Edward Gulski, R. Leich, Johan J. Smit, Lukasz Chmura, B. Quak, and J.J. Erbrink

Subjects
Engineering, Diagnostic methods, business.industry, Contact resistance, food and beverages, Control engineering, Condition assessment, Tap changer, Dynamic resistance, law.invention, law, Control theory, Resistor, business
Abstract

Resistance measurements on power transformers are a widely accepted method for finding winding defects. Continuity of the tap changer contacts can also be checked when the on-load tap changer (OLTC) is operated during the resistance measurement. Resistance measurements that also record the resistance during OLTC operation are called dynamic resistance measurements. This off-line diagnostic method can be used during regular maintenance to assess the condition of OLTC parts not accessible for inspection. Besides condition assessment of inaccessible parts of the OLTC, this method can also be used to detect maintenance errors that could lead to failure. In particular, these measurements are very helpful in finding contact discontinuity, mechanical defects that influence the operation of the tap changer contacts, problems with the switch time and the transition resistors and can find contact degradation in an early stage.

Published
2010
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46. Test procedure and test circuit considerations for on load tap changer dynamic resistance measurement

Author

R. Leich, Lukasz Chmura, Johan J. Smit, J.J. Erbrink, J. Aditya, P.P. Seitz, B. Quak, and Edward Gulski

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Contact resistance, food and beverages, Condition monitoring, Tap changer, Automotive engineering, law.invention, Dynamic resistance, law, Electromagnetic coil, Electronic engineering, Resistor, Interrupt, business, Transformer
Abstract

Resistance measurements on power transformers are offline diagnostic methods that are performed without opening the transformer main tank. In case the power transformer is equipped with an on-load tap changer (OLTC), this resistance measurement can be used to find degradation and defects inside the OLTC. Many OLTC defects as well as contact degradation can be measured by means of dynamic resistance measurements, which is a resistance test during OLTC operation. A low (DC) test current through the on-load tap changer is used during dynamic resistance measurements. This method is in particular sensitive to maintenance errors, contact degradation and contact timing problems. In general, distinction can be made between defects that interrupt the current through the OLTC, defects that affect the timing of the OLTC contacts and contact degradation resulting in abnormal contact resistance.

Published
2010
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47. Effect of test parameters on dynamic resistance measurement results from on-load tap changers

Author

Johan J. Smit, P.P. Seitz, J.J. Erbrink, B. Quak, Edward Gulski, and R. Leich

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Contact resistance, Electrical engineering, Tap changer, Electrical contacts, law.invention, Dynamic resistance, Inductance, law, Electromagnetic coil, Control theory, Current (fluid), Resistor, business
Abstract

Static resistance measurements on power transformers give an indication about increased contact resistances of the OLTC. Increased contact resistances can also be measured by means of a dynamic resistance measurement (DRM). This paper elaborates on condition diagnosis of electrical contacts of in-tank high-speed resistor tap changers using DRM. DRM uses a low test current through the on-load tap changer to detect increased contact resistances and current interruptions. The difference with static resistance measurements is that the tap changer is switched through all its tap positions during the test. The test current gets no change to fully stabilize due to the inductance of the transformer windings. DRM is therefore less accurate then static resistance measurements but contains more information about the type and location of tap changer defect. This contribution will show that more defects on OLTC's can be found with DRM compared to static resistance tests: the additional value of DRM compared to static winding resistance measurements is discussed. Secondly, important topics that should be considered when performing dynamic resistance measurements are discussed, like the effect of the test current amplitude, the secondary short-circuit and circuit resistance. Simulation results and experimental data are presented to make the reader familiar with the pros and cons of dynamic resistance measurements.

Published
2010
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48. Temperature dependence of photodarkening kinetics

Author

Martin Leich, Sylvia Jetschke, Johannes Kirchhof, and Sonja Unger

Subjects
Ytterbium, Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, Kinetics, chemistry.chemical_element, Thermodynamics, law.invention, Optics, chemistry, law, Fiber laser, Phenomenological model, Thermal, Photodarkening, Fiber, business
Abstract

We report on the characterization of photodarkening (PD) kinetics at Yb-doped fiber samples, inducing the PD loss by core-pumping at 975 nm with respect to different fiber temperatures in the range of 77 to 770 K. The thermal dependency of important PD parameters is presented. Additionally, we introduce a phenomenological model to include thermal and recovery effects in the description of the PD loss evolution and to improve the understanding of the PD process.

Published
2010
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49. Development, manufacturing and lasing behavior of Yb-doped ultra large mode area fibers based on Yb-doped fused bulk silica

Author

Olaf Strauch, Martin Leich, Volker Krause, Volker Reichel, Georg Rehmann, Gerhard Schötz, Gunnar Köhler, Andreas Langner, Stephan Grimm, Mario Such, Björn Wedel, Florian Just, Johannes Kirchhof, and Oliver Mehl

Subjects
All-silica fiber, Optical fiber, Materials science, Plastic-clad silica fiber, business.industry, Cladding (fiber optics), law.invention, Double-clad fiber, Optics, law, Fiber laser, Optoelectronics, business, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

At the Photonics West 2008 we presented our rare earth doped fused bulk silica for fiber laser applications [1]. This approach overcame the typical geometrical limitations of other well known production methods for rare earth doped silica materials. Our unique production technique is based on the sintering of Yb-doped granulates of high-purity SiO2 particles. We have processed our Yb-doped bulk silica rods into ultra large mode area (XLMA) multi-mode double cladding laser fibers with an active core diameter in the range of 40 μm to 100 μm (depending on the core doping level). In the XLMA fiber the active core is surrounded by a so-called 2D- or 4D-shaped pure silica pump cladding (with diameter between 850 μm and 900 μm) and an F-doped outer silica cladding with an outer diameter of 1000 μm. We have investigated the refractive index and the intrinsic stress profiles of different XLMA laser fibers and their preforms to visualize interface effects. The fiber cross section designs, the quality of all interfaces and the material composition are important factors for the laser fiber performance. The laser properties of these fibers have been investigated in detail. In addition, the preparation of the fiber end-face is important to reduce heat effects and we have developed concepts to mitigate such thermal load at the fiber end face.

Published
2010
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50. Detailed characterization of electron sources yielding first demonstration of European X-ray Free-Electron Laser beam quality

Author

Sascha Schnepp, M. Sperling, I. Bonev, Erion Gjonaj, Roman Spesyvtsev, C. Martens, Frank Stephan, I. Tsakov, Ruslan Ovsyannikov, Thomas Weiland, M. Pohl, W. Köhler, Mikhail Krasilnikov, E. Vogel, Sven Lederer, P. Pucyk, Wolfgang Sandner, Felix Wolfheimer, T.A.Scholz, A. Kretzschmann, I. Templin, A. Shapovalov, Jörg Rossbach, M. Hänel, L. Staykov, U. Schwendicke, R. Wenndorff, E. Jaeschke, F. Tonisch, Anne Oppelt, V. Katalev, Wolfgang Franz Otto Müller, T. Garvey, Sakhorn Rimjaem, Wolfgang Ackermann, S. Weisse, Carlo Pagani, L. Jachmann, Jens Knobloch, E. Arevalo, Waldemar Koprek, G. Asova, J. Rönsch, L. v. Vu, H. Schulze, D. Richter, M. Sachwitz, T. Walter, H. Lüdecke, V. Vogel, L. Hakobyan, S. Korepanov, J. Bähr, Antje Vollmer, Y. Ivanisenko, A. Donat, K. Rosbach, A. Meissner, K. Flechsenhar, Paolo Michelato, Bagrat Petrosyan, Hermann A. Dürr, R. Brinkmann, B. Schöneich, Ingo Will, Sabine Riemann, Siegfried Schreiber, S. Simrock, H. Henschel, H.-J. Grabosch, M. Winde, U. Gensch, Klaus Flöttmann, C. H. Boulware, S. Khodyachykh, J. Boster, G. Koss, S. Choroba, Thorsten Kamps, Laura Monaco, W. Gerdau, Martin Khojoyan, Daniele Sertore, H. Leich, J. Schultze, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], 29.25.Bx, 52.59.Sa, 41.60.Cr, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Thermal emittance, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Electron gun, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Free-electron laser, DESY, Surfaces and Interfaces, Laser, lcsh:QC770-798, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Laser beam quality, business, Lasing threshold, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The photoinjector test facility at DESY, Zeuthen site (PITZ), was built to develop and optimize photoelectron sources for superconducting linacs for high-brilliance, short-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL) applications like the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH) and the European x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). In this paper, the detailed characterization of two laser-driven rf guns with different operating conditions is described. One experimental optimization of the beam parameters was performed at an accelerating gradient of about 43 MV/m at the photocathode and the other at about 60 MV/m. In both cases, electron beams with very high phase-space density have been demonstrated at a bunch charge of 1 nC and are compared with corresponding simulations. The rf gun optimized for the lower gradient has surpassed all the FLASH requirements on beam quality and rf parameters (gradient, rf pulse length, repetition rate) and serves as a spare gun for this facility. The rf gun studied with increased accelerating gradient at the cathode produced beams with even higher brightness, yielding the first demonstration of the beam quality required for driving the European XFEL: The geometric mean of the normalized projected rms emittance in the two transverse directions was measured to be 1.26±0.13 mm mrad for a 1-nC electron bunch. When a 10% charge cut is applied excluding electrons from those phase-space regions where the measured phase-space density is below a certain level and which are not expected to contribute to the lasing process, the normalized projected rms emittance is about 0.9 mm mrad.

Published
2010
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