Search

Your search keyword '"J. Soule"' showing total 9 results
Start Over Author "J. Soule" Topic law
9 results on '"J. Soule"'

1. Electrical Transport Degradation of Chemically Doped Electronic-Type-Separated Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes From Radiation-Induced Defects

Author

Cory D. Cress, Karen J. Soule, Andrew R. Bucossi, Jamie E. Rossi, Brian J. Landi, Ivan Puchades, and Nathanael D. Cox

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Dopant, Doping, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Ion, Metal, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Irradiation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The structural and electrical properties of purified and potassium tetrabromoaurate [KAuBr4(aq)] doped semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (S-SWCNTs) and metallic SWCNT (M-SWCNT) thin films are characterized as defects are introduced through ion irradiation with 150-keV 11B+ with fluences ranging from $1 \times 10^{12}$ to $1 \times 10^{15}$ ions/cm2. Prior to irradiation, doping achieves conductivity enhancements of $20\times $ and $2\times $ in the S-SWCNTs and M-SWCNTs, respectively. Irradiation of the samples results in decreased electrical conductivity of both electronic types of purified and doped SWCNTs as defect density is increased. However, the relative conductivity enhancement provided by the chemical dopant is maintained, thereby yielding more radiation tolerant electrical conductors. The presence of the dopant does not influence the level of damage imparted to the SWCNTs, but rather modifies the electronic properties of the SWCNTs by enhancing the carrier concentration.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant from aqueous dispersions of single-wall carbon nanotubes

Author

Scott W. Schmucker, Erin R. Cleveland, Nathanael D. Cox, Brian J. Landi, Andrew Merrill, Cory D. Cress, Karen J. Soule, and Jamie E. Rossi

Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis, Precipitation (chemistry), Inorganic chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Pulmonary surfactant, chemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, law, Reagent, Sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0210 nano-technology, Acetonitrile, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

A reagent-based treatment method was developed for the removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) from aqueous dispersions of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Based on a survey of various reagents, organic solvents emerged as the most effective at interrupting the SDS:SWCNT interaction without producing deleterious side reactions or causing precipitation of the surfactant. Specifically, treatment with acetone or acetonitrile allows for the facile isolation of SWCNTs with near complete removal of SDS through vacuum filtration, resulting in a 100x reduction in processing time. These findings were validated via quantitative analysis using thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, 4-point probe electrical measurement, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Subsequent thermal oxidation further enhances the purity of the reagent treated samples and yields bulk SWCNT samples with >95% carbonaceous purity. The proposed reagent treatment method thus demonstrates potential for large volume SWCNT processing.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Intrinsic diameter dependent degradation of single-wall carbon nanotubes from ion irradiation

Author

Brian J. Landi, Andrew Merrill, Karen J. Soule, Jamie E. Rossi, Cory D. Cress, and Nathanael D. Cox

Subjects
Morphology (linguistics), Materials science, Doping, Analytical chemistry, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Carbon nanotube, Fluence, Nanomaterials, law.invention, Ion, symbols.namesake, law, symbols, General Materials Science, Irradiation, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

The structural response of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin-films to ion irradiation has been systematically studied with increasing fluence between 5 × 1012 and 1 × 1015 (150 keV 11B+)/cm2 as a function of SWCNT diameter distribution. SEM analysis reveals that the SWCNT morphology remains intact after radiation exposure. The optical absorbance intensity decreases with increasing fluence, and near complete suppression is observed at approximately 2.5 × 1014 (11B+)/cm2, resulting in an equivalent reduction in signal intensity for resonant Raman spectroscopy. Changes observed in the optical response with increasing fluence demonstrate that defective SWCNTs behave similarly to other strongly doped or physically shortened SWCNTs. The Raman D/G′ increases with fluence for all samples, yet the magnitude of increase is strongly dependent on the SWCNT diameter distribution. The diameter dependence stems from differences in the SWCNT mass per unit length, which is incorporated into an inter-vacancy length (Lv) model that describes the radiation-induced changes. Ultimately, all SWCNT data converge to show an equivalent change in D/G′ at a corresponding Lv, even though the fluence required to achieve a particular Lv varies with SWCNT diameter. Thus, the radiation-induced changes in SWCNTs are intrinsically linked to their diameter, representing a fundamental property unique to this class of nanomaterials.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Scottish devolution and national identity

Author

Daniel P. J. Soule, Martin Steven, and Murray Stewart Leith

Subjects
History, Law, Political science, National identity, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Modernism (music), National Identities, Public administration, Devolution, General Environmental Science
Abstract

In opening this special edition of National Identities we will introduce the papers herein, which take Scottish devolution as their starting point for reflecting on Scottish national identity. Before so doing, we contextualize these analyses by giving a background to devolution and to studies of Scottish national identity in general. We lay out some of the approaches taken thus far and, in particular, raise points for further debate, which authors in this issue will take further.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Quality Control Measures over 30 Years in a Multicenter Clinical Study: Results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial / Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study

Author

M. Bracey, B. French, Brandy N. Rutledge, Sharon B. Schwartz, D. Steinberg, Peter R. Pavan, Xiaoyu Gao, Alan M. Jacobson, David A. Nicolle, C. Canny, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, A. Kitabchi, K. Hansen, M. E. Lackaye, Denis Daneman, Kandace A. Klumpp, David A. Lee, H. Engel, L. Survant, C. Haggan, K. Lee, G. Ziegler, Dawn M. Ryan, Lloyd Paul Aiello, Tom G. Sheidow, Allan Gordon, Allan L. Drash, S. Johnsonbaugh, L. Kaminski, S. Yoser, David J. Brillon, Osama Hamdy, Connie Fountain, N. Silvers, Kusiel Perlman, S. Caulder, M. Szpiech, D. Freking, Paula McGee, George S. Sharuk, D. Counts, H. Solc, David E. Goldstein, L. Bestourous, W. F. Schwenk, E. Brown, S. Cercone, M. Patronas, James L. Kinyoun, G. Castle, Mark H. Schutta, M. L. Schluter, Anton Orlin, E. Chaum, Daniel P. Joseph, F. Goetz, V. Reppucci, D. Etzwiler, E. Golden, A. Iannacone, R. Kirby, Lucy A. Levandoski, Lawrence J. Singerman, P. Salemi, A. Morrison, G. Vagstad, J. Laechelt, Pamela Ossorio, Tae Sup Lee, R. Cuddihy, S. Hitt, Fred W. Whitehouse, Michael H. Brent, Gayle M. Lorenzi, Anthony D. Morrison, B. Zinman, Szilard Kiss, D. Norman, N. Olson, Thomas Donner, John Dupre, M. Swenson, M. Spencer, Jerry P. Palmer, Scott M. Steidl, M. Franz, R. Beaser, H. Martinez, Samuel S. Engel, L. Diminick, J. Mortenson, David S. Schade, S. Yacoub-Wasef, Misty Good, John E. Chapin, Paolo S. Silva, J. Ginsberg, A. Dwoskin, John P. Bantle, J. D. Carey, D. McMillan, R. G. Campbell, Lisa Diminick, C. Cornish, Ramzi K. Hemady, P. Hollander, A. Farr, D. Zimbler, M. Mech, A. Lucas, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, K. Chan, Timothy J. Murtha, V. Asuquo, A. Bhan, A. Galprin, F. Perdikaris, Michael D. Larsen, L. Gill, Pamela A. Silver, S. Brink, Louis M. Luttrell, Sheila Smith-Brewer, D. Ostrowski, M. Bratkowksi, P. Crawford, M. Bryer-Ash, E. Angus, S. Braunstein, John I. Malone, R. Conwit, C. Pittman, Louis A. Lobes, Rodney A. Lorenz, J. Rosenzwieg, Neil H. White, William I. Sivitz, D. J. Becker, Stephen S. Feman, M. Zaucha, M. Reid, M. Jenner, L. Tuason, C. Gauthier-Kelly, C. McDonald, William H. Herman, John Kramer, Jeffrey L. Mahon, A. Campbell, J. L. Canady, A. Degillio, T. Adkins, P. W. Conrad, Senda Ajroud-Driss, L. Dews, Stephan Villavicencio, David G. Miller, Manjot K. Gill, D. Curtin, J. Brown-Friday, M. Basco, Elsayed Z. Soliman, J. Selby, Bradley D. Jones, M. Hebdon, B. Olson, John M. Pach, N. W. Rodger, K. Stoessel, N. Leloudes, J. Floyd, H. Lambeth, G. Lorenzi, Richard M. Hoffman, S. Chang, M. Guiliani, H. Zegarra, N. Bakshi, Dean P. Hainsworth, Murk-Hein Heinemann, S. Dagogo-Jack, Wanjie Sun, J. Warnicki, Dean B. Burgess, D. Kenny, L. McKenzie, B. Rogness, Martin J. Stevens, M. Nutaitis, William V. Tamborlane, L. Schmidt, Deborah K. Schlossman, J. Giangiacomo, C. Williams, R. Liss, Barbara J. Maschak-Carey, Barbara H. Braffett, Stefan Fritz, J. MacIndoe, Tom Clark, M. Novak, Michael H. Goldbaum, A. DeManbey, J. Ahern, L. Jovanovic, D. Finegold, Davida F. Kruger, Mary E. Larkin, M. Johnson, S. Shah, M. Ong, Catherine L. Martin, M. Giotta, R. Reed, B. Levy, Evica Simjanoski, L. Cimino, P. Callahan, S. Crowell, Rodica Pop-Busui, Howard Wolpert, Bernard H. Doft, J. Arch, C. Shipe, Mark R. Palmert, Philip Raskin, B. Schaefer, P. Astelford, Dara D. Koozekanani, R. B. Avery, Michael W. Steffes, Robert A. Rizza, Karen L. Anderson, Charles McKitrick, P. A. Bourne, L. Baker, G. Friedenberg, D. Wood, J. Wesche, M. Phillips, Gaurav K. Shah, John M. Lachin, M. Christofi, Kevin J. Blinder, R. Ehrlich, J. Rinkoff, Morey W. Haymond, Irene Hramiak, Z. Strugula, A. Blevins, R. Hyre, M. Richardson, Mark E. Molitch, I. H. de Boer, Annette Barnie, Mark R. Burge, M. Prince, P. Ramos, R. Chan, R. Hanna, Jong Mu Sun, Suzanne M. Strowig, C. Wigley, Om P. Ganda, R. Harris, Abraham Thomas, K. Klumpp, K. Kelly, David D. Moore, J. Sheindlin, T. J. Declue, Cormac T. Taylor, C. Kwong, Rose Gubitosi-Klug, T. Sandford, Isaac Boniuk, B. Zimmerman, R. Zeitler, S. Rogers, Joseph M. Terry, C. Johnson, Linda Snetselaar, Naji Younes, Ionut Bebu, N. Wimmergren, Rukhsana G. Mirza, K. Gunyou, Karl R. Olsen, H. Bode, J. Fruit, Michael Rubin, G. Grand, Trevor J. Orchard, Douglas A. Greene, J. Quin, R. Birk, W. Mestrezat, P. Pugsley, Anupam Agarwal, L. Mayer, C. Palmer, Timothy J. Lyons, C. Johannes, A. Determan, L. Van Ottingham, J. Gott, Jerry D. Cavallerano, D. Cros, J. Parker, M. May, Robert Bergren, A. Kowarski, L. Delahanty, Katherine A. Morgan, E. A. Tanaka, Robert W. Cavicchi, Thomas J. Songer, Robert G. Devenyi, J. Harth, Jill P. Crandall, T. Thompson, Lee M. Jampol, H. Schrott, Paul G. Arrigg, Orville G. Kolterman, R. Warhol, L. Thomas, S. Kwon, Jane L. Lynch, Arup Das, Theresa M. Williams, Thomas A. Weingeist, Patricia A. Cleary, Matthew A. Thomas, L. Babbione, Amisha Wallia, J. Lipps Hagan, D. Meyer, D. Rubinstein, P. Lindsey, Mark S. Mandelcorn, R. Fahlstrom, John E. Godine, Kathie L. Hermayer, B. Bosco, J. Rich, K. Folino, M. L. Bernal, S. Yalamanchi, S. Barron, J. McConnell, J. K. Jones, J. Vaccaro-Kish, R. Woodwick, P. Colby, Kelvin C. Fong, Ronald K. Mayfield, L. H. Ketai, Julio V. Santiago, M. B. Murphy, S. Schussler, N. Grove, Larry Rand, Robert C. Colligan, Ronald P. Danis, Valerie L. Arends, S. Ferguson, B. Petty, Christine Stevens, P. Ostrosaka, Margaret L. Bayless, S. Moser, Paul A. Edwards, R. Lyon, M. Carney, Katrina Jones, T. Strand, W. Hsu, Alexander J. Brucker, H. Shamoon, Alice T. Lyon, T. Smith, David M. Nathan, P. Lou, Bruce A. Perkins, Janet E. Olson, D. Rosenberg, H. Ricks, J. Gordon, D. Hornbeck, Nikhil D. Patel, Shelly Olson, Ellen J. Anderson, William Dahms, P. Paczan Rath, S. Elsing, L. Steranchak, L. M. Aiello, Saul Genuth, S. Catton, Sandra R. Montezuma, S. Pendegast, Richard M. Bergenstal, Patricia Gatcomb, Igor Grant, B. Braffett, W. Brown, Margaret E. Stockman, N. Burkhart, David M. Kendall, Jyotika K. Fernandes, S. List, J. Soule, Julie A. Nelson, John A. Colwell, M. McLellan, Silva A. Arslanian, N. Rude, B. Vittetoe, M. Driscoll, and E. Weimann

Subjects
Adult, Male, 030213 general clinical medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Psychological intervention, lcsh:Medicine, law.invention, Diabetes Complications, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Health care, medicine, Humans, Medical physics, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Data collection, business.industry, lcsh:R, Quality control, 3. Good health, Surgery, Data quality, Cohort, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, lcsh:Q, business, Quality assurance, Follow-Up Studies, Research Article
Abstract

Implementation of multicenter and/or longitudinal studies requires an effective quality assurance program to identify trends, data inconsistencies and process variability of results over time. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the follow-up Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study represent over 30 years of data collection among a cohort of participants across 27 clinical centers. The quality assurance plan is overseen by the Data Coordinating Center and is implemented across the clinical centers and central reading units. Each central unit incorporates specific DCCT/EDIC quality monitoring activities into their routine quality assurance plan. The results are reviewed by a data quality assurance committee whose function is to identify variances in quality that may impact study results from the central units as well as within and across clinical centers, and to recommend implementation of corrective procedures when necessary. Over the 30-year period, changes to the methods, equipment, or clinical procedures have been required to keep procedures current and ensure continued collection of scientifically valid and clinically relevant results. Pilot testing to compare historic processes with contemporary alternatives is performed and comparability is validated prior to incorporation of new procedures into the study. Details of the quality assurance plan across and within the clinical and central reading units are described, and quality outcomes for core measures analyzed by the central reading units (e.g. biochemical samples, fundus photographs, ECGs) are presented.

Published
2015

6. Carbon nanotube wires with continuous current rating exceeding 20 Amperes

Author

Stephen M. Ubnoske, Andrew R. Bucossi, Brian J. Landi, Colleen C. Lawlor, Ivan Puchades, Matthew J. Ganter, Christopher M. Schauerman, Karen J. Soule, Jamie E. Rossi, and Cory D. Cress

Subjects
Materials science, Doping, General Physics and Astronomy, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Nanolithography, Nanoelectronics, law, Thermal, Electrical measurements, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Thermal analysis, Current density
Abstract

A process to fabricate carbon nanotube (CNT) wires with diameters greater than 1 cm and continuous current carrying capability exceeding 20 A is demonstrated. Wires larger than 5 mm are formed using a multi-step radial densification process that begins with a densified CNT wire core followed by successive wrapping of additional CNT material to increase the wire size. This process allows for a wide range of wire diameters to be fabricated, with and without potassium tetrabromoaurate (KAuBr4) chemical doping, and the resulting electrical and thermal properties to be characterized. Electrical measurements are performed with on/off current steps to obtain the maximum current before reaching a peak CNT wire temperature of 100 °C and before failure, yielding values of instantaneous currents in excess of 45 A for KAuBr4 doped CNT wires with a diameter of 6 mm achieved prior to failure. The peak temperature of the wires at failure (∼530 °C) is correlated with the primary decomposition peak observed in thermal gra...

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Prolonged effect of intensive therapy on the risk of retinopathy complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: 10 years after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial

Author

Timothy W. Olsen, S. Hitt, Thomas J. Songer, Alan M. Jacobson, A. Burwood, R. Beaser, M. Szpiech, H. Martinez, Gayle M. Lorenzi, Anthony D. Morrison, C. Hannon, A. Farr, M. Hebdon, R. Colligan, T. Manolio, C. Wilson, Kathie L. Hermayer, John I. Malone, B. Burzuk, Kathy Glander, N. Silvers, B. Jones, A. Galpirn, M. Reid, David E. Goldstein, L. Sun, J. Giangiacom, P. Lou, Dean P. Hainsworth, Shalamar D. Sibley, Ronald J. Prineas, Louis A. Lobes, H. Wolpert, Mark E. Molitch, J. Sheindlin, Senda Ajroud-Driss, L. Dews, Kate Edwards, John M. Pach, Wanjie Sun, E. Cupelli, K. Stoessel, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, K. Harvey, J. Gordon, M. B. Murphy, John P. Bantle, J. D. Carey, Inger Burnett-Zeigler, Andrew M. Paterson, Henry Ferreyra, Manjot K. Gill, Barbara H. Waberski, B. Rogness, Fred W. Whitehouse, R. Ufret, Gordon C. Weir, Daniel H. O'Leary, S. Thomas, Barbara E. K. Klein, G. Ziegler, C. Wigley, L. Kastorff, C. Siebert, M. Palmert, C. Clark, J. Brown-Friday, S. Braunstein, Martin J. Stevens, M. Nutaitis, S. Catton, Samir S. Deeb, William V. Tamborlane, J. Alappatt, Robert Bergren, R. Eastman, Samuel S. Engel, K. Gehres, John M. Lachin, Davida F. Kruger, Jill P. Crandall, P. Geithman, Blanche M. Chavers, Stephen S. Feman, Mary E. Larkin, Thomas C. Lee, Catherine L. Martin, J. Parker, C. West, A. Gordon, Hugh D. Wabers, Sharon B. Schwartz, B. Zinman, M. Espeland, Neil H. White, M. N. Iyer, Rose Gubitosi-Klug, C. Canny, Robert Detrano, S. MacLean, Alice T. Lyon, M. E. Lackaye, Oscar B. Crofford, David A. Lee, M. Brent, Mark S. Mandelcorn, D. Badal, Lucy A. Levandoski, Barbara J. Maschak-Carey, John E. Godine, M. Hawkins, R. Gstalder, L. Survant, Charles Campbell, Matthew D. Davis, Anupam Agarwal, Lawrence J. Singerman, Brandy N. Rutledge, Anita Harrington, M. Novak, David A. Nicolle, P. Gaston, Isaac Boniuk, William H. Herman, S. Park, D. Counts, J. Quin, Nancy L. Robinson, Enrico Cagliero, T. Adkins, T. Woodfill, Scott M. Steidl, John Dupre, P. A. Bourne, L. Baker, D. Sandstrom, K. Miner, L. Mayer, S. Schussler, N. Grove, N. Wong, A. Iannacone, D. Wood, Lisa Diminick, D. Meyer, Barbara Esser, T. Thompson, David M. Nathan, A. Edwards, Lee M. Jampol, David S. Schade, M. Croswell, Joseph F. Polak, M. Spencer, Helen Lambeth, Paul G. Arrigg, Janie Lipps, H. Zegarra, Rodney A. Lorenz, Ayad A. Jaffa, James W. Albers, P. Astlesford, Thomas A. Weingeist, J. Vaccaro-Kish, Alicia J. Jenkins, Ronald K. Mayfield, M. May, A. Kowarski, Michael W. Steffes, W. T. Garvey, Saul Genuth, D. Zheng, Andrew P. Boright, J. Ginsberg, M. L. Bernal, Daniel L. McGee, Eva L. Feldman, Larry Rand, P. Low, J. Rosenzweig, L. Funk, Larry D. Hubbard, Orville G. Kolterman, D. Blackburn, E. Steuer, D. Rosenberg, Rodica Pop-Busui, S. Moser, John E. Hokanson, Julio V. Santiago, Daniel T. Lackland, James L. Kinyoun, Kevin J. Blinder, K. Taylor, D. Hornbeck, C. O'Donnell, Bernard H. Doft, Susan G. Elner, Dean B. Burgess, D. Kenny, Jeffrey M. Joyce, John D. Brunzell, O. Hamdy, Jerry P. Palmer, Jonathan Q. Purnell, R. Zeither, Douglas A. Greene, E. A. Tanaka, Yu-Guang He, Ramzi K. Hemady, Arup Das, Michael Bryer-Ash, Sheila Smith-Brewer, D. Ostrowski, M. Stern, C. Williams, Andrew K. Vine, M. McLellan, Ronald Klein, Annette Barnie, Michael H. Goldbaum, E. Angus, S. Scherer, R. D'Agostino, Philip Raskin, Santica M. Marcovina, B. Schaefer, A. F. Burrows, K. Morgan, David J. Brillon, H. Ricks, S. Strowig, R. Oudiz, S. Yacoub-Wasef, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, K. Chan, B. Gloeb, M. Johnson, Stephen R. Russell, D. J. Becker, Richard S. Crow, J. L. Canady, David G. Miller, O. Stone, Allan L. Drash, S. Yoser, S. Johnsonbaugh, Edward Chaum, L. Kaminski, M. Fox, J. Kramer, M. Bracey, H. Engel, Peter R. Pavan, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, C. Sommer, Daniel P. Joseph, M. Geckle, V. Reppucci, D. Etzwiler, M. Brabham, J. Fradkin, K. Lee, Jean M. Bucksa, E. Golden, Thomas Donner, Edwin M. Stone, Shelley B. Bull, William I. Sivitz, J. Selby, Pamela Rath, Murk-Hein Heinemann, L. Kim, T. Williams, D. Noller, D. Singer, J. Long, G. Grand, R. Devenyi, J. M. Schluter, B. Petty, Margaret L. Bayless, Alexander J. Brucker, S. Fritz, C. Cowie, Om P. Ganda, F. Thoma, K. Klumpp, Z. Strugula, Timothy J. Lyons, Patricia A. Cleary, A. Blevins, H. Shamoon, J. Soule, John A. Colwell, M. Phillips, Gaurav K. Shah, C. Hurtenbach, S. Rogers, Richard M. Bergenstal, Patricia Gatcomb, R. Trail, H. Culver Boldt, J. Bayless, Jonathan Shankle, David M. Kendall, Matthew A. Thomas, P. G. Sharuk, P. Lindsey, Ronald P. Danis, Christopher M. Ryan, William Dahms, P. Paczan Rath, S. Elsing, Gabriel Virella, Abbas E. Kitabchi, D. Moore, S. Pendegras, Trevor J. Orchard, K. Nickander, A. Determan, L. Van Ottingham, J. Harth, Michael W. Neider, and Shelly Olson

Subjects
Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Adolescent, Article, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Young Adult, Randomized controlled trial, law, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Risk factor, Infusion Pumps, Glycated Hemoglobin, Type 1 diabetes, Diabetic Retinopathy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Incidence, Fundus photography, Diabetic retinopathy, medicine.disease, Surgery, Ophthalmology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, chemistry, Disease Progression, Female, Glycated hemoglobin, business, Retinopathy, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

OBJECTIVE To examine the persistence of the original treatment effects 10 years after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) in the follow-up Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study. In the DCCT, intensive therapy aimed at near-normal glycemia reduced the risk of microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with conventional therapy. METHODS Retinopathy was evaluated by fundus photography in 1211 subjects at EDIC year 10. Further 3-step progression on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study scale from DCCT closeout was the primary outcome. RESULTS After 10 years of EDIC follow-up, there was no significant difference in mean glycated hemoglobin levels (8.07% vs 7.98%) between the original treatment groups. Nevertheless, compared with the former conventional treatment group, the former intensive group had significantly lower incidences from DCCT close of further retinopathy progression and proliferative retinopathy or worse (hazard reductions, 53%-56%; P < .001). The risk (hazard) reductions at 10 years of EDIC were attenuated compared with the 70% to 71% over the first 4 years of EDIC (P < .001). The persistent beneficial effects of former intensive therapy were largely explained by the difference in glycated hemoglobin levels during DCCT. CONCLUSION The persistent difference in diabetic retinopathy between former intensive and conventional therapy ("metabolic memory") continues for at least 10 years but may be waning. TRIAL REGISTRATION (clinicaltrials.gov) Identifiers: NCT00360815 and NCT00360893.

Published
2008

9. Importance of Temperature and Humidity Control in Rubber Testing. II—Resistance to Abrasion

Author

W. A. Gibbons, C. R. Park, K. J. Soule, J. W. Schade, E. R. Bridgewater, J. M. Bierer, A. A. Somerville, D. F. Cranor, N. A. Shepard, and F. E. Rupert

Subjects
Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Natural rubber, law, visual_art, Materials Chemistry, Vulcanization, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Humidity, Relative humidity, Composite material, law.invention
Abstract

This study shows that in determining resistance to abrasion the temperature of the room or cabinet should be controlled within ± 1 ° C. in order to avoid significant errors in the results from this source. Below are shown the percentage differences per degree Centigrade obtained with each of the stocks. It must be remembered that this probably holds only over the range of temperatures studied and might change rapidly outside of this range. As the temperature changes from 15 ° C. to 35 ° C., the resistance to abrasion changes per degree Centigrade in the following manner: In the light of the present investigation there will be no great error in results caused by differences in relative humidity either with the raw or vulcanized stock. Where laboratories are equipped to condition raw and vulcanized stock for stress-strain tests, it appears that it would be advisable also to condition samples for determining resistance to abrasion. It would at least tend to produce more nearly uniform results by eliminating possible sources of small errors. As the relative humidity during exposure of raw stock increases from 10 per cent to 100 per cent, the resistance to abrasion per 1 per cent relative humidity changes roughly in the following manner: As these variations are small compared with the experimental error, it is evident that if the relative humidity does not vary over too wide a range its effect may be neglected. The temperature of storing the cured samples while maintaining a constant relative humidity has a negligible effect as in the case of relative humidity. As the temperature increases the resistance to abrasion per degree changes in the following manner

Published
1929
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results