Author: "D. Semenov" / Topic: law - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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78 results on '"D. Semenov"'

1. Calculation of the Kinetics of the Crystallization Front of Iron-Carbon Alloys in Mold Cylindrical Forms

Author: H. V. Meniailo, V. E. Khrychikov, V. Z. Kutsova, and A. D. Semenov
Subjects: Materials science, chemistry, law, Mold, Kinetics, medicine, Front (oceanography), chemistry.chemical_element, Crystallization, Composite material, medicine.disease_cause, Carbon, law.invention
Published: 2021

2. Relaxation of Plasma Excitations in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems

Author: I. V. Kukushkin, S. I. Gubarev, N. D. Semenov, V. M. Muravev, and I. V. Andreev
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Electron density, Materials science, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cyclotron, General Physics and Astronomy, Resonance, Electron, Plasma, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Laser linewidth, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Relaxation (physics), Atomic physics
Abstract: An investigation is performed of the relaxation of plasma excitations in two-dimensional electron systems (2D-ESes) in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The effect radiational and incoherent collisional relaxation mechanisms have on the linewidth of cyclotron magnetoplasma resonance (CR) is studied. CR arises as a pure resonance that does not hybridize with dimensional magnetoplasma excitations. It is shown how magnetoplasma resonances form a CR’s fine structure due to the interaction between coherent radiative and incoherent collisional mechanisms of two-dimensional plasma relaxation. A comparative analysis is performed of the dependences of cyclotron and transport periods of relaxation on both the temperature and electron density of 2D-ESes. It is demonstrated that the period of cyclotron relaxation could exceed that of transport at low electron densities.
Published: 2021

3. Neural network identification of a nonlinear model of a high-pressure sodium lamp

Author: Anatolij D. Semenov, Anton V. Volkov, and Alena Yu. Shumkina
Subjects: Materials science, Neural network identification, law, Nonlinear model, Sodium-vapor lamp, TA1-2040, Biological system, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), law.invention
Abstract: The article is devoted to the identification of a high-pressure sodium lamp nonlinear model parameters based on neural network technologies. Identification was carried out using a dynamic neural network. The model had 17 parameters based on second order differential equations. As a result, out of 17 parameters, four were selected that accurately reflect the real picture of the model.
Published: 2020

4. Quality Control of Sodium High-Pressure Lamps by the Singular Decomposition Method

Author: Anton V. Volkov and Anatoliy D. Semenov
Subjects: Quality (physics), Series (mathematics), Differential equation, law, Singular value decomposition, Applied mathematics, Autoregressive–moving-average model, Sodium-vapor lamp, Transfer function, Standard deviation, Mathematics, law.invention
Abstract: We created a mathematical model of a sodium high-pressure lamp. This model is used in production before sending lamps to the consumer. To develop the model, we used a mathematical model. An analytical method was used to describe the operation of a sodium lamp based on differential equations. We also used the singular value decomposition algorithm to find the coefficients of the ARMA model. Also, the transfer function of the ARMA model was obtained. Then we tested the models to control the quality of sodium lamps in production. The obtained results of the simulation coincide with the experimental results. A graphical dependence is obtained in the case when the standard deviation is 1. Using a series of tests based on the singular value decomposition method, we confirmed the adequacy of elaborated model by Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion.
Published: 2018

5. Multi-scale view of star formation in IRAS 21078+5211: from clump fragmentation to disk wind

Author: Thomas Henning, R. Cesaroni, A. Sanna, Álvaro Sánchez-Monge, A. Palau, Luke T. Maud, Timea Csengeri, Silvia Leurini, Henrik Beuther, Steven N. Longmore, A. Ahmadi, Roberto Galván-Madrid, Rolf Kuiper, T. Möller, Fabrizio Massi, C. Gieser, Hans Zinnecker, Luca Moscadelli, R. Pudritz, J. M. Winters, D. Semenov, Pamela Klaassen, T. Peters, Francesca Bacciotti, James Urquhart, Maria T. Beltrán, ITA, GBR, DEU, ESP, CAN, MEX, FEMIS 2021, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Rotation, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Masers, Radio continuum: ISM, Maser, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, Physics, Jet (fluid), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Molecular cloud, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Physik (inkl. Astronomie), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, ISM: molecules, [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], ISM: jets and outflows, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Techniques: interferometric, Outflow
Abstract: In the massive star-forming region IRAS 21078+5211, a highly fragmented cluster (0.1~pc in size) of molecular cores is observed, located at the density peak of an elongated (1~pc in size) molecular cloud. A small (1~km/s per 0.1~pc) LSR velocity (Vlsr) gradient is detected across the axis of the molecular cloud. Assuming we are observing a mass flow from the harboring cloud to the cluster, we derive a mass infall rate of about 10^{-4}~M_{sun}~yr^{-1}. The most massive cores (labeled 1, 2, and 3) are found at the center of the cluster, and these are the only ones that present a signature of protostellar activity in terms of emission from high-excitation molecular lines or a molecular outflow. We reveal an extended (size about 0.1~pc), bipolar collimated molecular outflow emerging from core 1. We believe this is powered by a (previously discovered) compact (size, 25 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2021

6. Operational control algorithm of parameters of high-pressure sodium lamps based on a statistical time series model

Author: A D Semenov, A V Volkov, and N I Shchipakina
Subjects: Computer science, Control theory, law, Operation control, Sodium-vapor lamp, Time series, law.invention
Abstract: The developed operational control algorithm parameters of a high pressure sodium lamp is considered in this work. We used a mathematical model to develop the algorithm. An analytical method was used to describe the operation of a sodium lamp based on differential equations as well as an algorithm for evaluating time series. The mathematical expectation and dispersion were also evaluated. The described models for quality control of sodium lamps have been tested in production. The obtained simulation results coincide with the results of the experiment. Using a series of tests based on the proposed control method we confirmed the adequacy of the developed model.
Published: 2020

7. Nonlinear SVD – filtration in hemodynamic parameters evaluation hydrocuff systems

Author: A. N. Mitroshin, Mikhail S. Gerashchenko, Sergey I. Gerashchenko, A. D. Semenov, and Marina V. Markuleva
Subjects: History, Nonlinear system, Materials science, law, Singular value decomposition, Hemodynamics, Filtration, Computer Science Applications, Education, Biomedical engineering, law.invention
Abstract: The article illustrates the prospects of using the hydrocuff technology of oscillations formation for evaluating hemodynamic parameters. An approach to improving the parameters accuracy estimation by increasing the oscillations amplitude and subsequent nonlinear SVD – filtering of the obtained blood pressure compression waveform based on singular spectral analysis is presented.
Published: 2020

8. Multi-level control of high-pressure sodium lamps parameters network technology

Author: A. D. Semenov and A. V. Volkov
Subjects: Materials science, law, Sodium-vapor lamp, Automotive engineering, law.invention
Abstract: We created a mathematical model of a sodium high-pressure lamp. To develop the model, we used a mathematical model. An analytical method was used to describe the operation of a sodium lamp based on differential equations. We also used the singular value decomposition algorithm to find the coefficients of the ARMA model. Also, the transfer function of the ARMA model was obtained. Then we tested the models to control the quality of sodium lamps in production. The obtained results of the simulation coincide with the experimental results. Using a series of tests based on the singular value decomposition method, we confirmed the adequacy of elaborated model by Wilcoxon criterion.
Published: 2020

9. Intrinsic Jitter in Photon Detection by Straight Superconducting Nanowires

Author: Mariia Sidorova, Artem Kuzmin, Michael Siegel, Ilya Charaev, Steffen Doerner, and A. D. Semenov
Subjects: Photon, Optical fiber, media_common.quotation_subject, Nanowire, Dispersion jitter, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, law.invention, Optics, law, Computer Science::Multimedia, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, media_common, Jitter, Coupling, Physics, business.industry, Detector, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Computer Science::Performance, Wavelength, wire bends, Physics::Accelerator Physics, timing jitter, 0210 nano-technology, business, superconducting nanowires
Abstract: Timing jitter inherent in photon detection by superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors has different values and behaves differently for detection events originating in bends and in straights of nanowires. Generally, jitter is larger for events in bends. Although, for typical meandering nanowire, contribution of bends to the integral jitter is almost negligible due to small geometric weight of bends in the meander, it reduces the accuracy of extracting the value of local jitter in straights. Here we report on the intrinsic jitter, which was measured in a straight nanowire without bends. Standard deviation in the intrinsic jitter for detection events in the straight nanowire is smaller than 6.5 ps for photons with the wavelength 794 nm and 7.7 ps for 1560 nm. This value is less than jitter magnitudes in straights, which were extracted from the jitter measured previously for the meandering nanowire. Coupling of photons to the nanowire through sufficiently long optical fiber increases integral jitter and causes asymmetry in the jitter histogram. However, this optical asymmetry differs qualitatively from the asymmetry caused by the detection process itself at small photon energies.
Published: 2018

10. A RESEARCH OF CROSS-EFFECTS OF TRANSVERSAL AND ROTATIVE VIBRATIONS OF AN ELASTIC-SUPPORTED ROTOR

Author: A. D. Semenov and D. A. Budagovskiy
Subjects: Vibration, Physics, Rotor (electric), law, business.industry, Transversal (combinatorics), Structural engineering, business, law.invention
Published: 2017

11. Proximity effect model of ultra-narrow NbN strips

Author: T. Silbernagel, Ilya Charaev, D. Yu. Vodolazov, Artem Kuzmin, Steffen Doerner, Michael Siegel, Dimitri Roditchev, Konstantin Ilin, B. Bachowsky, and A. D. Semenov
Subjects: Superconductivity, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, STRIPS, Physics - Applied Physics, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, edge defects, Vortex state, law.invention, Magnetic field, thin NbN films, law, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, proximity effect, Proximity effect (superconductivity), Critical current, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, critical current
Abstract: We show that narrow superconducting strips in superconducting (S) and normal (N) states are universally described by the model presenting them as lateral NSN proximity systems in which the superconducting central band is sandwiched between damaged edge-bands with suppressed superconductivity.The width of the superconducting band was experimentally determined from the value of magnetic field at which the band transits from the Meissner state to the static vortex state. Systematic experimental study of 4.9 nm thick NbN strips with widths in the interval from 50 nm to 20 ${\mu}$m, which are all smaller than the Pearl's length, demonstrates gradual evolution of the temperature dependence of the critical current with the change of the strip width.
Published: 2017
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12. Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ Thin Film Detectors for Picosecond THz Pulses

Author: J. Hänisch, Vitali Judin, Bernhard Holzapfel, A.-S. Müller, Stefan Wünsch, Matthias Hofherr, A. D. Semenov, Alexander Scheuring, P. Probst, Konstantin Ilin, Michael Siegel, and Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
Subjects: Superconductivity, High-temperature superconductivity, Materials science, Terahertz radiation, business.industry, Transition temperature, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Pulsed laser deposition, law.invention, law, Picosecond, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Thin film, business, Storage ring
Abstract: Ultra-fast THz detectors from superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) thin films were developed to monitor picosecond THz pulses. YBCO thin films were optimized by the introduction of CeO2 and PrBaCuO buffer layers. The transition temperature of 10 nm thick films reaches 79 K. A 15 nm thick YBCO microbridge (transition temperature—83 K, critical current density at 77 K—2.4 MA/cm2) embedded in a planar log-spiral antenna was used to detect pulsed THz radiation of the ANKA storage ring. First time resolved measurements of the multi-bunch filling pattern are presented.
Published: 2012

13. Detektion verborgener Objekte mittels eines abbildenden Terahertz-Heterodynempfängers (Detection of Hidden Objects with an Imaging Terahertz Heterodyne Receiver)

Author: Heiko Richter, Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers, A. D. Semenov, and Ute Böttger
Subjects: Physics, Optics, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, law, Superheterodyne receiver, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Instrumentation, law.invention
Abstract: In diesem Artikel wird über ein abbildendes Heterodynspektrometer berichtet, das bei einer Frequenz von 0,8 THz arbeitet. Mit dem System ist es möglich, unter der Kleidung verborgene Objekte innerhalb weniger Sekunden und in einem Abstand von 20 m zu detektieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein echtzeitfähiges, abbildendes THz-Heterodynspektrometer machbar ist.
Published: 2008

14. Terahertz Performance of Integrated Lens Antennas With a Hot-Electron Bolometer

Author: Burghardt Günther, J.P. Karamarkovic, A. D. Semenov, H. Richter, Andrey Smirnov, Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers, Konstantin Ilin, and Michael Siegel
Subjects: Physics, Noise temperature, Radiation, Directional antenna, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Physical optics, Fourier transform spectroscopy, Radiation pattern, law.invention, terahertz receivers, Optics, law, quasi-optical coupling, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Integrated lens antenna, superconducting bolometers, business, Electrical impedance, Computer Science::Information Theory
Abstract: Radiation coupling efficiency and directive properties of integrated lens antennas with log-spiral, log-periodic, and double-slot planar feeds coupled to a hot-electron bolometer were experimentally studied at frequencies from 1 to 6 THz and compared with simulations based on the method of moments and physical-optics ray tracing. For all studied antennas, the modeled spectral dependence of the coupling efficiency fits to the experimental data obtained with both Fourier transform spectroscopy and noise temperature measurements only if the complex impedance of the bolometer is explicitly taken into account. At high frequencies, the radiation pattern of integrated antennas exhibits sidelobes, which are higher than those predicted by the antenna model
Published: 2007

15. Towards local oscillators based on arrays of niobium Josephson junctions

Author: F. Muller, Matvey Finkel, V V Kurin, Gregory Goltsman, A. D. Semenov, Alexander M. Klushin, S V Seliverstov, T. Scheller, and M A Galin
Subjects: Josephson effect, Physics, hot-electron bolometer, Josephson junctions, Terahertz radiation, business.industry, Local oscillator, Superheterodyne receiver, Bolometer, Planar array, Metals and Alloys, heterodyne receiver, local oscillator, Physics::Optics, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Resonator, law, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Continuous wave, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract: Various applications in the field of terahertz technology are in urgent need of compact, wide-tunable solid-state continuous wave radiation sources with a moderate power. However, satisfactory solutions for the THz frequency range are scarce yet. Here we report on coherent radiation from a large planar array of Josephson junctions (JJs) in the frequency range between 0.1 and 0.3 THz. The external resonator providing the synchronization of JJ array is identified as a straight fragment of a single-strip-line containing the junctions themselves. We demonstrate a prototype of the quasioptical heterodyne receiver with the JJ array as a local oscillator and a hot-electron bolometer mixer.
Published: 2015

16. Superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer for terahertz heterodyne receivers

Author: A. D. Semenov, Matvey Finkel, S.V. Antipov, G.N. Gol'tsman, H.-W. Hübers, Konstantin Smirnov, Heiko Richter, Manfred Birk, Y. Vachtomin, V. N. Drakinski, B. M. Voronov, Michail Krocka, Ulrich Mair, and N. S. Kaurova
Subjects: Physics, Noise temperature, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Bolometer, heterodyne receiver, hot electron bolometer, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Radiation pattern, Optics, Intermediate frequency, law, K band, Heterodyne detection, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Frequency mixer
Abstract: We present recent results showing the development of superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer for German receiver for astronomy at terahertz frequencies and terahertz limb sounder. The mixer is incorporated into a planar feed antenna, which has either logarithmic spiral or double-slot configuration, and backed on a silicon lens. The hybrid antenna had almost frequency independent and symmetric radiation pattern slightly broader than expected for a diffraction limited antenna. At 2.5 THz the best 2200 K double side-band receiver noise temperature was achieved across a 1 GHz intermediate frequency bandwidth centred at 1.5 GHz. For this operation regime, a receiver conversion efficiency of -17 dB was directly measured and the loss budget was evaluated. The mixer response was linear at load temperatures smaller than 400 K. Implementation of the MgO buffer layer on Si resulted in an increased 5.2 GHz gain bandwidth. The receiver was tested in the laboratory environment by measuring a methanol emission line at 2.5 THz.
Published: 2003

17. Alignment of the ALICE Inner Tracking System with cosmic-ray tracks

Author: F. Carena, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Petr Nomokonov, Taku Gunji, Juyeon Yi, Udo Kebschull, Rashmi Raniwala, Boris Batyunya, Claude Andre Pruneau, F. Furano, S. Antinori, Roberto Barbera, H. Delagrange, T. Dobrowolski, Marian Krivda, M. Sano, Xu Cai, Zhongbao Yin, Philippe Pillot, L. Cunqueiro, E. Cattaruzza, J. Pluta, Andreas Petridis, Evgeny Ryabinkin, R. Grajcarek, Bruce Becker, L. Molnar, F. Formenti, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, T. Samanta, Matthias Richter, S. Huber, Raul Arteche Diaz, Hyun-Chul Kim, Konrad Tywoniuk, P. Rosinský, Fernando Scarlassara, F. Yermia, Rajeev Singh, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, Agneta Oskarsson, Sergey Nazarenko, M. Zynovyev, Krzysztof Redlich, G. Herrera Corral, D. Truesdale, J. Hamblen, Lokesh Kumar, M. Nicassio, Lawrence Pinsky, W. Sommer, X. Yuan, B. H. Han, C. Di Giglio, Jochen Klein, B. Fenton-Olsen, A. Szostak, A. Matyja, C. Bortolin, Brigitte Cheynis, C. Baumann, Janusz Oleniacz, Y. Berdnikov, Ana Vargas, T.A. Pocheptsov, Csaba Soos, I. Maldonado Cervantes, J. Gebelein, Hannes Jung, Vladislav Manko, S. Sano, Marian Putis, Bogdan Vulpescu, H. Gottschlag, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Vladimir Peskov, Sevil Salur, Sergey Kiselev, M. R. Cosentino, Hideki Hamagaki, Gunnar Løvhøiden, Elena Bruna, S. Beole, Lennart Osterman, Christian Holm Christensen, Yu.N. Pestov, F. Orsini, G. Torralba, Dayong Wang, Madan M. Aggarwal, D. Tlusty, Andreas Morsch, Alexander Mamonov, A. Pepato, Anselmo Margotti, Evgeny Kryshen, D. Perini, Klaus Johannes Reygers, C.W. Fabjan, Shih-Chang Lee, M. Fragkiadakis, T. Iwasaki, F. Lackner, R. Ichou, I. K. Yoo, N. Abel, Panagiotis Christakoglou, Dirk Hutter, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, S. H. Kim, Teodor Siemiarczuk, S. Rousseau, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, V. Kushpil, A. Palmeri, M. Bregant, A. Pesci, H. Yang, V. Grigoriev, J. W. Harris, Yu.V. Zanevsky, Mauro Gallio, Y. Corrales Morales, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Xuan Zhang, J. Bartke, A. Raḿirez Reyes, Petra Riedler, M. Venaruzzo, Ken Oyama, L. Jirden, Rosario Nania, Roberto Preghenella, P. Crochet, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, C. Ivan, Olja Dordic, Sona Pochybova, B. S. Chang, R. Bala, G. Steyn, Satyajit Jena, Natasha Sharma, Andre Mischke, Jean-Yves Grossiord, L. K. Mangotra, H. Oeschler, I. Ilkiv, V. Altini, E. Serradilla, F. Nendaz, Cristina Terrevoli, Federico Ronchetti, V. Chambert, A. Jacholkowski, E. Nappi, I. Rashevskaya, A. Lozea Feijo Soares, Silvia Masciocchi, Z. Fodor, M. Krus, G. Sharkov, T. Sugitate, H. Taureg, S. Di Liberto, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, C. Tagridis, A. G. Agocs, Kenta Shigaki, I. Doḿinguez, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Michele Floris, C. Pastore, Laurent Ducroux, Juha Äystö, Hans Hjersing Dalsgaard, V.A. Polyakov, Marek Chojnacki, Q. Wen, G. T. Jones, Federico Carminati, Z. Buthelezi, Laurent Bernard Aphecetche, C. Nygaard, G. Martínez García, Herve Borel, J. Sarkamo, G. de Vaux, I. Sgura, V. Demanov, Michal Sumbera, A. Colla, T. Kalliokoski, Branislav Sitar, G.V. Russo, A. van den Brink, M. Boccioli, Alexey Kurepin, S. Rath, Jana Bielcikova, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, Vikas Singhal, Paulus Gerardus Kuijer, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, J. Mlynarz, Catia Petta, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, C. Lal, Gyulnara Eyyubova, A. Fernández Téllez, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, G. Luparello, Andrey Reshetin, J. Munoz, R. A. Fini, Daniela Fabris, F. Painke, Marcello Lunardon, A. K. Dutta Majumdar, E. Fragiacomo, R. Platt, A. Rachevski, H. A. Gustafsson, Y. Le Bornec, Ian Gardner Bearden, Chiara Oppedisano, B. Pastirčák, P. González-Zamora, E. Camacho, V. I. Yurevich, Natalia Kondratyeva, A. Michalon, Alberica Toia, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, Magdalena Malek, D. Di Bari, E. Belmont-Moreno, P. T. Hille, Andrei Gheata, R. Gomez, M. De Gaspari, D. Krumbhorn, V. Lafage, V. Lenti, K. Aamodt, Paolo Giubellino, B. Grinyov, Ulrich Fuchs, Francesco Riggi, O. Sokolov, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, Panagiota Foka, V. Nikolic, Kirill Voloshin, D. Hasch, Bjarte Kileng, Bruno Alessandro, Sudhir Raniwala, M. S. Ganti, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, D. Evans, L. Toscano, N. Willis, M. Szuba, V. Catanescu, H. Lee, I. Cortés Maldonado, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Y. Li, H.R. Gulkanyan, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, F. Tosello, A. Marzari Chiesa, Tatiana Karavicheva, R. Gemme, H. González Santos, T. Tolyhy, A. M. Gago, Y. J. Kwon, L. Vannucci, G. Conesa Balbastre, Peter Martin Jacobs, Jon Christopher Wikne, Amalia Pop, Rachid Guernane, A. Nianine, Alexey Kuryakin, Filimon Roukoutakis, Andry Malala Rakotozafindrabe, R. Janik, Filippo Costa, M. Irfan, Martin Vala, Antonino Zichichi, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, Valeria Muccifora, S. Hu, Werner Riegler, Jennifer Lynn Klay, Meidana Huang, Y. Vinogradov, L. Valencia Palomo, S. Zhou, M. Rammler, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, Oliver Busch, Chitrasen Jena, Imrich Szarka, Nicole Bastid, J. Bán, J. L. Charvet, K. Schossmaier, V. Fekete, Andrew Ivanov, E. Stan, T. Alt, Peter Graham Jones, C. Cavicchioli, Enrichetta Maria Fiore, Subrata Pal, L. Manceau, Atsushi Takahara, Giacomo Bruno, D. Hatzifotiadou, Frederick Kramer, M. Tavlet, Marian Ivanov, A. Borisov, D. Y.-U. Peressounko, Predrag Buncic, Tinku Sarkar Sinha, F. Posa, Premomoy Ghosh, Marco De Petris, A. Turvey, Gualtiero Volpe, A. Alici, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, Alina Gabriela Grigoras, Livio Bianchi, Stefano Piano, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, E. López Torres, A. Musso, Smbat Grigoryan, A. Kolojvari, C. García Trapaga, M. Mastromarco, Leonid Vinogradov, Chiara Zampolli, Sara Vallero, A. A. Rademakers, G.F. Segato, G. de Cataldo, R. Tanabe, Vito Manzari, Johanna Stachel, Alexander Akindinov, Rainer Martin Schicker, P. Stolpovsky, Alessandro Grelli, P. Gros, Latchezar Betev, E. Crescio, Federico Cindolo, C. D. Anson, S. Jangal, D. Swoboda, B.V. Zagreev, R. Romita, Anju Bhasin, C. Lara, I. Vassiliev, G. S. Pappalardo, Peter Chochula, Mikhail Malaev, Sami Sakari Rasanen, M. Bach, G. A. Feofilov, I. Vetlitskiy, A. Baldit, E. Biolcati, A. Zepeda, M. Zhalov, J. J. Gaardhøje, Alexey Bogdanov, R. Santo, Haaland, Ajay Kumar Dash, A. Enokizono, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Kyong Sei Lee, Claudio Guarnaccia, Jan Rak, G. Stefanek, A. Gupta, M. E. Cotallo, Christophe Pierre Suire, Z. Conesa del Valle, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Alessandra Fantoni, E. Quercigh, Yu. V. Kharlov, Bedangadas Mohanty, Andrzej Deloff, Dominik Fehlker, R. Smakal, V. Canoa Roman, A. K. Bhati, D. Antończyk, Christoph Blume, Gergely Gábor Barnaföldi, Andrzej Rybicki, J. Dubuisson, Andrey Zarochentsev, J. F. Castillo Hernandez, Vladimir Nikulin, Maria Haiduc, Boris Hippolyte, Carlos A. Salgado, A. Punin, Christophe Furget, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Francesca Soramel, L. Bosisio, Radiy Ilkaev, J. Urban, A. Nyatha, S. Dash, Petr Zavada, Evgeny Zabrodin, N. Novitzky, R. P. Scharenberg, Paul Constantin, R. A. Soltz, F. Blanco, L. Šándor, A. Silenzi, E. Simili, A. Anzo, Vladimir Kaplin, R. 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Campbell, I. León Monzón, C. Cicalo, T. V. Moukhanova, Guy Paic, Roberto Divia, G. Cara Romeo, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, D. J. Tapia Takaki, Lamia Benhabib, Mohd Danish Azmi, Peter Malzacher, S. Kniege, Jason Newby, C. W. Son, C. Bombonati, M. López Noriega, T. S. Räihä, F. Osmic, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, Frederic Lefevre, H. H. Gutbrod, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, Andres Sandoval, Roberta Arnaldi, U. Abeysekara, Romualdo Santoro, Gilda Scioli, A. Palaha, Richa Gupta, L. Díaz, I. E. Yushmanov, A. Tournaire, Lijiao Liu, C. Hernández, D. Vranic, Vitaly Loginov, Pablo Saiz, Yongwook Baek, Kenneth Francis Read, Podist Kurashvili, A. Kamal, Y. P. Viyogi, A. V. Kazantsev, N. Miftakhov, Jogender Saini, Håvard Helstrup, G. Laurenti, G. Tsiledakis, T. Malkiewicz, T. C. Awes, Kyoichiro Ozawa, G. Tejeda Muñoz, G. Puddu, Ozgur Cobanoglu, A. Jusko, T. Breitner, R. Varma, Z. Vilakazi, Giuseppe Simonetti, D. P. Kikola, Ralf Peter Averbeck, Paolo Pagano, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, E. Chiavassa, V. 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CHAPELAND, A. CHARPY, J. L. CHARVET, S. CHATTOPADHYAY, M. CHERNEY, C. CHESHKOV, B. CHEYNIS, E. CHIAVASSA, V. CHIBANTE BARROSO, D. D. CHINELLATO, P. CHOCHULA, K. CHOI, M. CHOJNACKI, P. CHRISTAKOGLOU, C. H. CHRISTENSEN, P. CHRISTIANSEN, T. CHUJO, F. CHUMAN, C. CICALO, L. CIFARELLI, F. CINDOLO, J. CLEYMANS, O. COBANOGLU, J. -P. COFFIN, S. COLI, A. COLLA, G. CONESA BALBASTRE, Z. CONESA DEL VALLE, E. S. CONNER, P. CONSTANTIN, G. CONTIN, J. G. CONTRERAS, Y. CORRALES MORALES, T. M. CORMIER, P. CORTESE, I. CORTES MALDONADO, M. R. COSENTINO, F. COSTA, M. E. COTALLO, E. CRESCIO, P. CROCHET, E. CUAUTLE, L. CUNQUEIRO, J. CUSSONNEAU, A. DAINESE, H. H. DALSGAARD, A. DANU, I. DAS, S. DAS, A. DASH, S. DASH, G. O. V. DE BARROS, A. DE CARO, G. DE CATALDO, J. DE CUVELAND, A. DE FALCO, M. DE GASPARI, J. DE GROOT, D. DE GRUTTOLA, A. P. DE HAAS, N. DE MARCO, R. DE ROOIJ, S. DE PASQUALE, G. DE VAUX, H. DELAGRANGE, G. DELLACASA, A. DELOFF, V. DEMANOV, E. DENES, A. DEPPMAN, G. D~RERASMO, D. DERKACH, A. 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SIMILI, G. SIMONETTI, R. SINGARAJU, R. SINGH, V. SINGHAL, B. C. SINHA, T. SINHA, B. SITAR, M. SITTA, T. B. SKAALI, K. SKJERDAL, R. SMAKAL, N. SMIRNOV, R. SNELLINGS, H. SNOW, C. SOGAARD, O. SOKOLOV, A. SOLOVIEV, H. K. SOLTVEIT, R. SOLTZ, W. SOMMER, C. W. SON, H. S. SON, M. SONG, C. SOOS, F. SORAMEL, D. SOYK, M. SPYROPOULOU-STASSINAKI, B. K. SRIVASTAVA, J. STACHEL, F. STALEY, I. STAN, G. STEFANEK, G. STEFANINI, T. STEINBECK, E. STENLUND, G. STEYN, D. STOCCO, R. STOCK, P. STOLPOVSKY, P. STRMEN, A. A. P. SUAIDE, M. A. SUBIETA VASQUEZ, T. SUGITATE, C. SUIRE, M. SUMBERA, T. SUSA, D. SWOBODA, T. J. M. SYMONS, A. SZANTO DE TOLEDO, I. SZARKA, A. SZOSTAK, M. SZUBA, M. TADEL, C. TAGRIDIS, A. TAKAHARA, J. TAKAHASHI, R. TANABE, J. D. TAPIA TAKAKI, H. TAUREG, A. TAURO, M. TAVLET, G. TEJEDA MUNOZ, A. TELESCA, C. TERREVOLI, J. THADER, R. TIEULENT, D. TLUSTY, A. TOIA, T. TOLYHY, C. TORCATO DE MATOS, H. TORII, G. TORRALBA, L. TOSCANO, F. TOSELLO, A. TOURNAIRE, T. TRACZYK, P. TRIBEDY, G. TROGER, D. 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YOKOYAMA, I. -K. YOO, X. YUAN, I. YUSHMANOV, E. ZABRODIN, B. ZAGREEV, A. ZALITE, C. ZAMPOLLI, YU. ZANEVSKY, S. ZAPOROZHETS, A. ZAROCHENTSEV, P. ZAVADA, H. ZBROSZCZYK, P. ZELNICEK, A. ZENIN, A. ZEPEDA, I. ZGURA, M. ZHALOV, X. ZHANG, D. ZHOU, S. ZHOU, J. ZHU, A. ZICHICHI, A. ZINCHENKO, G. ZINOVJEV, M. ZINOVJEV, Y. ZOCCARATO, V. ZYCHACEK, UNIVERSIDADE DE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Helsinki Institute of Physics
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, perspective, High Energy Phisics, Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams), Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, Particle tracking detectors, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Tracking detectors, Heavy Ion Physics, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Detector alignment and calibration methods, Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, detectors, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Solenoidal vector field, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), particle-beams), collisions, Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, collaboration, detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, particle tracking detectors (solid-state detectors), performance, quark-gluon plasma, Colliding beam accelerators, collisions, Pb-Pb collisions, QUARK-GLUON PLASMA, Detector alignment and calibration method, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 114 Physical sciences, Nuclear physics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Collider, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, hep-ex, Quark–gluon plasma, ALICE (propellant), business
Abstract: ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiment devoted to investigating the strongly interacting matter created in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC energies. The ALICE ITS, Inner Tracking System, consists of six cylindrical layers of silicon detectors with three different technologies; in the outward direction: two layers of pixel detectors, two layers each of drift, and strip detectors. The number of parameters to be determined in the spatial alignment of the 2198 sensor modules of the ITS is about 13,000. The target alignment precision is well below 10 micron in some cases (pixels). The sources of alignment information include survey measurements, and the reconstructed tracks from cosmic rays and from proton-proton collisions. The main track-based alignment method uses the Millepede global approach. An iterative local method was developed and used as well. We present the results obtained for the ITS alignment using about 10^5 charged tracks from cosmic rays that have been collected during summer 2008, with the ALICE solenoidal magnet switched off., 37 pages, 15 captioned figures, 1 table, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/3907
Published: 2010

18. 4.7-THz local oscillator for SOFIA based on a quantum-cascade laser

Author: Martin Wienold, Kerstin Rösner, Michael Greiner-Bär, Lutz Schrottke, H. T. Grahn, Klaus Biermann, Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers, A. D. Semenov, and Heiko Richter
Subjects: Heterodyne, Physics, Spectrometer, Terahertz radiation, business.industry, Local oscillator, Bolometer, Superheterodyne receiver, Laser, law.invention, heterodyne spectrometer, Optics, law, QCL, THz, GREAT, Quantum cascade laser, business, SOFIA
Abstract: — We report on the development of a 4.7-THz local oscillator (LO) for the heterodyne spectrometer GREAT on SOFIA. The design of the LO and its performance in terms of output power, frequency accuracy, frequency stability, and beam profile as well as its implementation in GREAT will be presented. I. INTRODUCTION H ETERODYNE spectroscopy of molecular rotational lines and atomic fine-structure lines is a powerful tool in astronomy and planetary research. It allows for the study of the chemical composition, the evolution, and the dynamical behaviour of astronomical objects such as molecular clouds and star-forming regions. For frequencies beyond 2 THz, SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, is currently the only platform which allows for heterodyne spectroscopy at these frequencies. One example is the OI fine-structure line at 4.7448 THz, which is a main target to be observed with GREAT, the German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies, on board of SOFIA. II. RESULTS The local oscillator (LO) combines a quantum-cascade laser (QCL) with a compact, low-input-power Stirling cooler. The 4.7-THz QCL is based on a hybrid design and has been developed for continuous-wave operation, high output powers, and low electrical pump powers [1]. Efficient carrier injection is achieved by resonant longitudinal optical phonon scattering. This design allows for an operating voltage below 6 V. The amount of generated heat complies with the cooling capacity of the Stirling cooler of 7 W at 65 K with 240 W of electrical input power [2]. The QCL has a lateral first-order distributed feedback (DFB) grating, which is optimized for 4.745 THz. This yields single-mode emission over most of the driving current of the laser. Outcoupling is achieved through one of the end facets of the single-plasmon waveguide. The beam of the QCL is shaped with a dedicated lens and a spatial filter into an almost Gaussian profile. The M2 value which can be achieved with this method is approximately 1.2 [3]. The peak output power of the QCL is 0.5 mW. Frequency stabilization is achieved by using a low-noise current source for the QCL and a dedicated temperature stabilization of the heat sink of the QCL. In this way, a frequency stability better than 1.6 MHz (full width at half maximum, FWHM) is achieved. This can be further reduced by locking the emission from the QCL to an absorption line of CH3OH at low pressures (approximately 1 hPa). Using a pyroelectric detector and a proportional-integral-derivative controller, an additional improvement of the frequency stability is achieved [4]. Using this scheme, the FWHM of the laser line is below 0.5 MHz within 30 minutes measurement time. The absolute frequency of the LO has been determined by measuring the absorption spectrum of CH3OH and comparing this with data from the literature. It has been found that the LO emits in a range of ±4 GHz around the OI line. III. SUMMARY We have developed an LO for the heterodyne spectrometer GREAT on board of SOFIA. The LO is based on a QCL with a lateral DFB grating and a single-plasmon waveguide. The LO provides up to 0.5 mW output power in an almost Gaussian beam with an M2 value of 1.2. Its frequency is tunable by current and temperature within approximately ±4 GHz around the OI line. The LO fulfills all requirements and will be operated on SOFIA in 2014 for the first time. REFERENCES [1]. L. Schrottke, M. Wienold, R. Sharma, X. Lu, K. Biermann, R. Hey, A. Tahraoui, H. Richter, H.-W. Hubers, and H. T. Grahn, “Quantum-cascade lasers as local oscillators for heterodyne spectrometers in the spectral range around 4.745 THz,” Semicond. Sci. Technol. vol. 28, 035011 (2013). [2]. H. Richter, M. Greiner-Bar, S. G. Pavlov, A. D. Semenov, M. Wienold, L. Schrottke, M. Giehler, R. Hey, H. T. Grahn, and H.-W. Hubers, “A compact, continuous-wave terahertz source based on a quantum-cascade laser and a miniature cryocooler,” Opt. Express vol. 18, pp. 1017710187 (2010). [3]. H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, S. G. Pavlov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, K. S. Il’in, M. Siegel, and H.-W. Hubers, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver with quantum cascade laser and hot electron bolometer mixer in a pulse tube cooler”, Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 93, 141108 (2010). [4]. H. Richter, S. G. Pavlov, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, and H.-W. Hubers, “Submegahertz frequency stabilization of a terahertz quantum cascade laser to a molecular absorption line”, Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 96, 071112 (2010).
Published: 2014

19. Quantum detection by current carrying superconducting film

Author: A. D. Semenov, Alexander Korneev, and Gregory Goltsman
Subjects: Superconductivity, Physics, Resistive touchscreen, Photon, Condensed matter physics, Liquid helium, Supercurrent, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Biasing, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, law, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Picosecond, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Current density
Abstract: We describe a novel quantum detection mechanism in the superconducting film carrying supercurrent. The mechanism incorporates growing normal domain and breaking of superconductivity by the bias current. A single photon absorbed in the film creates transient normal spot that causes redistribution of the current and, consequently, increase of the current density in superconducting areas. When the current density exceeds the critical value, the film switches into resistive state and generates the voltage pulse. Analysis shows that a submicron-wide film of conventional low temperature superconductor operated in liquid helium may detect single far-infrared photon. The amplitude and duration of the voltage pulse are in the millivolt and picosecond range, respectively. The quantitative model is presented that allows simulation of the detector utilizing this detection mechanism.
Published: 2001

20. Heterodyne receiver at 2.5 THz with quantum cascade laser and hot electron bolometric mixer

Author: Lukas Mahler, A. D. Semenov, H. Richter, S.G. Pavlov, Alessandro Tredicucci, Harvey E. Beere, David A. Ritchie, Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers, Jonas Zmuidzinas Wayne S. Holland Stafford Withington William D. Duncan, H. W., Hüber, S. G., Pavlov, H., Richter, A. D., Semenov, L., Mahler, Tredicucci, Alessandro, H. E., Beere, and D. A., Ritchie
Subjects: spectroscopy, heterodyne, Gas laser, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Local oscillator, Superheterodyne receiver, Terahertz, heterodyne receiver, local oscillator, Physics::Optics, quantum cascade laser, law.invention, Laser linewidth, Resonator, Optics, law, Physics::Atomic Physics, Terahertz, quantum cascade lasers, spectroscopy, heterodyne, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Noise temperature, quantum cascade lasers, business.industry, hot electron bolometer, Laser, business, Quantum cascade laser
Abstract: Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) operating at 2.5 THz have been used for gas phase spectroscopy and as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver. One QCL has a Fabry-Perot resonator while the other has a distributed feedback resonator. The linewidth and frequency tunability of both QCLs have been investigated by either mixing two modes of the QCL or by mixing the emission from the QCL with the emission from a 2.5 THz gas laser. The frequency tunability as well as the linewidth is sufficient for Doppler limited spectroscopy of methanol gas. The QCLs have been used successfully as local oscillators in a heterodyne receiver. Noise temperature measurements with a hot electron bolometer and a QCL yielded the same result as with a gas laser as local oscillator.
Published: 2006

21. Current dependent noise in a YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-δ/ hot-electron bolometer

Author: E. M. Gershenzon, Karl Friedrich Renk, Yu. P. Gousev, A. D. Semenov, E. V. Pechen, G.N. Gol'tsman, I. G. Goghidze, and A. V. Varlashkin
Subjects: Superconductivity, High-temperature superconductivity, Materials science, business.industry, Bolometer, Johnson–Nyquist noise, Substrate (electronics), Condensed Matter Physics, Noise (electronics), Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, law, Optoelectronics, Flicker noise, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Current (fluid), business
Abstract: We investigated the output noise of a YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// (YBCO) superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) in a large frequency range (10 kHz to 8 GHz); the bolometer either consisted of a structured 50 nm thick YBCO film on LaAlO/sub 3/ or a 30 nm thick film on a MgO substrate. We found that flicker noise dominated at low frequencies (below 1 MHz), while at higher frequencies Johnson noise and a current dependent noise were the main noise sources.
Published: 1997

22. Spiral antenna NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer at submm frequencies

Author: E. L. Kollberg, H. Ekstrom, Boris M. Voronov, E. M. Gershenzon, Sergey Cherednichenko, G.N. Gol'tsman, S.I. Svechnikov, A. D. Semenov, Victor Belitsky, Pavel A. Yagoubov, Karl Friedrich Renk, and Yu. P. Gousev
Subjects: Spiral antenna, Superconductivity, Noise temperature, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Terahertz radiation, Frequency band, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Bolometer, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, law, Sapphire, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract: We have studied the phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer (HEB) as a quasioptical mixer based on a spiral antenna designed for the 0.3-1 THz frequency band and fabricated on sapphire and high resistivity silicon substrates. HEB devices were produced from superconducting 3.5-5 nm thick NbN films with a critical temperature 10-12 K and a critical current density of approximately 10/sup 7/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 4.2 K. For these devices we reached a DSB receiver noise temperature below 1500 K, a total conversion loss of L/sub t/=16 dB in the 500-700 GHz frequency range, an IF bandwidth of 3-4 GHz and an optimal LO absorbed power of /spl sime/4 /spl mu/W. We experimentally analyzed various contributions to the conversion loss and obtained an RF coupling factor of about 5 dB, internal mixer loss of 10 dB and IF mismatch of 1 dB.
Published: 1997

23. Light yield in DarkSide-10 : a prototype two-phase argon TPC for dark matter searches

Author: M. D. Skorokhvatov, L. Grandi, Marc S. Seigar, A. G. Cocco, A. Fan, Aldo Romani, S. Kidner, I. N. Machulin, C. Salvo, E. de Haas, D. Semenov, A. Nelson, N. Rossi, Marco Pallavicini, K. Arisaka, D. D'Angelo, E. V. Hungerford, E. V. Unzhakov, G. Fiorillo, Y. Meng, C. Ghag, G. Guray, A. Sotnikov, J. Thompson, G. Bonfini, C. L. Kendziora, W. Sands, F. Gabriele, R. B. Vogelaar, J. Brodsky, P. Saggese, C. Condon, P. Beltrame, S. Davini, B. J. Mount, C. Ghiano, M. Guan, A. Candela, P. J. Mosteiro, David B. Cline, R. Tartaglia, E. Meroni, H. O. Back, K. Keeter, S. Gazzana, M. Zehfus, Peter Daniel Meyers, An. Ianni, Laura Cadonati, F. Perfetto, A. Nemtzow, D. Korablev, Y. Suvorov, S. Westerdale, Hui Wang, A. V. Derbin, A. Brigatti, G. Koh, M. Montuschi, Livia Ludhova, V. N. Muratova, Thomas Alexander, I. Dratchnev, Y. Q. Ma, A. M. Goretti, A. Razeto, N. N. Nurakhov, R. Saldanha, A. S. Chepurnov, C. J. Martoff, J. Tatarowicz, G. Testera, Frank Calaprice, A. E. Chavarria, Cristiano Galbiati, L. Lukyanchenko, G. Zuzel, Fausto Ortica, M. Orsini, C. Guo, Al. Ianni, A. Teymourian, L. Perasso, H. Cao, Gioacchino Ranucci, W. Zhong, Sandra Zavatarelli, G. Korga, P. X. Li, D. Alton, A.V. Etenko, E. Pantic, Austin P. Lund, M. Gromov, R. Parsells, P. Cavalcante, G. Di Pietro, A. Empl, N. Pelliccia, J. Maricic, E. Shields, C. Love, T. Mohayai, Paolo Lombardi, S. V. Sukhotin, A. Wright, V. V. Kobychev, K. Lung, B. Loer, Jay Burton Benziger, Chung-Yao Yang, Lawrence Pinsky, A. Kayunov, D. Montanari, D. Durben, A. Pocar, Jilei Xu, O. Smirnov, S. Parmeggiano, Marcin Wójcik, S. Pordes, K. Fomenko, Alexander, T., Alton, D., Arisaka, K., Back, H. O., Beltrame, P., Benziger, J., Bonfini, G., Brigatti, A., Brodsky, J., Cadonati, L., Calaprice, F., Candela, A., Cao, H., Cavalcante, P., Chavarria, A., Chepurnov, A., Cline, D., Cocco, A. G., Condon, C., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Haas, E. D., Derbin, A., Pietro, G. D., Dratchnev, I., Durben, D., Empl, A., Etenko, A., Fan, A., Fiorillo, Giuliana, Fomenko, K., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Gazzana, S., Ghag, C., Ghiano, C., Goretti, A., Grandi, L., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guo, C., Guray, G., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, A., Kayunov, A., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C., Kidner, S., Kobychev, V., Koh, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Shields, E., Li, P., Loer, B., Lombardi, P., Love, C., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, L., Lund, A., Lung, K., Ma, Y., Machulin, I., Maricic, J., Martoff, C. J., Meng, Y., Meroni, E., Meyers, P. D., Mohayai, T., Montanari, D., Montuschi, M., Mosteiro, P., Mount, B., Muratova, V., Nelson, A., Nemtzow, A., Nurakhov, N., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pantic, E., Parmeggiano, S., Parsells, R., Pelliccia, N., Perasso, L., Perfetto, F., Pinsky, L., Pocar, A., Pordes, S., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Saggese, P., Saldanha, R., Salvo, C., Sands, W., Seigar, M., Semenov, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Tatarowicz, J., Testera, G., Teymourian, A., Thompson, J., Unzhakov, E., Vogelaar, R. B., Wang, H., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M., Wright, A., Xu, J., Yang, C., Zavatarelli, S., Zehfus, M., Zhong, W., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, light yield, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, dark matter, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, law, DEPENDENCE, LIQUID ARGON, PARTICLES, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Scintillation, Time projection chamber, Argon, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Laser, time projection chamber, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), Scintillation counter, argon, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, photoelectron yield
Abstract: As part of the DarkSide program of direct dark matter searches using liquid argon TPCs, a prototype detector with an active volume containing 10 kg of liquid argon, DarkSide-10, was built and operated underground in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy. A critically important parameter for such devices is the scintillation light yield, as photon statistics limits the rejection of electron-recoil backgrounds by pulse shape discrimination. We have measured the light yield of DarkSide-10 using the readily-identifiable full-absorption peaks from gamma ray sources combined with single-photoelectron calibrations using low-occupancy laser pulses. For gamma lines of energies in the range 122-1275 keV, we get consistent light yields averaging 8.887+-0.003(stat)+-0.444(sys) p.e./keVee. With additional purification, the light yield measured at 511 keV increased to 9.142+-0.006(stat) p.e./keVee., 10 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2013

24. Broad-band coupling of THz radiation to an hot-electron bolometer mixer

Author: A. D. Semenov, E V Pechen, Karl Friedrich Renk, R. S. Nebosis, A. V. Varlashkin, and Yu . P. Gousev
Subjects: Spiral antenna, Heterodyne, Noise temperature, Materials science, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Bolometer, Metals and Alloys, Condensed Matter Physics, Radiation pattern, law.invention, Optics, Intermediate frequency, law, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Antenna (radio), business
Abstract: We report on broad-band coupling of THz radiation to an superconducting hot-electron bolometer. The bolometer - a micro-bridge of an film with a protection layer - was built in a hybrid quasioptical antenna system consisting of a planar self-complementary spiral antenna on a dielectric substrate and an extended hyperhemispherical lens. The planar antenna was integrated into a coplanar transmission line for broad-band intermediate-frequency matching. Measurements performed in the direct detection regime between 2.5 THz and 4.2 THz delivered a system coupling efficiency for the radiation in the fundamental Gaussian mode of about 0.1 and a beam width of the radiation pattern of less than one degree. The pattern was consistent with the far-field radiation pattern that we calculated with a ray-tracing technique. At an intermediate frequency of 1.5 GHz we measured an output noise temperature of for the bolometer driven in the resistive state by both dc and THz current and estimated, for the heterodyne regime, a system noise temperature of . We studied the effect of a protection layer on the rate of phonon escape from the micro-bridge and, thus, on the output frequency bandwidth of the device. We discuss possibilities of a significant improvement of the device performance.
Published: 1996

25. Measurement of the time jitter of coherent terahertz synchrotron radiation with a superconducting detector

Author: J. Feikes, P. Probst, Alexander Scheuring, Andreas Pohl, Gerhard Ulm, Godehard Wüstefeld, Matthias Hofherr, A. D. Semenov, Arne Hoehl, Michael Siegel, Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers, Stefan Wünsch, Markus Ries, Konstantin Ilin, and R. Muller
Subjects: Superconductivity, Materials science, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Physics::Optics, Synchrotron radiation, Yttrium barium copper oxide, Synchrotron, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Optics, chemistry, law, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Ultrashort pulse, Jitter
Abstract: We have applied an ultrafast superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) detector to study the time jitter of the propagating electron bunches in a synchrotron. The jitter was determined from the coherent terahertz (THz) synchrotron radiation (CSR).
Published: 2012

26. THz quantum-cascade laser as a local oscillator for SOFIA

Author: A. D. Semenov, Holger T. Grahn, H.-W. Hübers, M. Giehler, Lutz Schrottke, Heiko Richter, Martin Wienold, Rudolf Hey, and S.G. Pavlov
Subjects: Physics, Infrared astronomy, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Terahertz radiation, business.industry, Local oscillator, Bolometer, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics::Optics, Laser, law.invention, Terahertz spectroscopy and technology, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, Quantum cascade laser, business, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We report on the development of a compact local oscillator (LO) for operation on board of SOFIA, namely for GREAT, the German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies. The LO is a combination of a quantum-cascade laser (QCL) with a compact, low-input-power Stirling cooler. The output power is sufficient for pumping a hot-electron bolometer mixer. Frequency stabilization is achieved by locking to a molecular absorption line. Detectors operating at room temperature can be used for the stabilization as well. High-resolution molecular spectroscopic experiments demonstrate the usability of the QCL as a LO for SOFIA.
Published: 2011

27. Frontend for a 2.5-THz heterodyne spectrometer without liquid cryogen

Author: Harvey E. Beere, David A. Ritchie, Michael Siegel, S.G. Pavlov, Lukas Mahler, A. D. Semenov, Heiko Richter, Konstantin Ilin, Alessandro Tredicucci, H.-W. Hübers, Richter, H., Semenov, A. D., Pavlov, S. G., Mahler, L., Tredicucci, Alessandro, Beere, H. E., Ritchie, D. A., Il'In, K., Siegel, M., and Hubers, H. W.
Subjects: Heterodyne, Physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Terahertz- und Infrarotsensorik, Local oscillator, Bolometer, pulse tube cooler, Laser, law.invention, Terahertz spectroscopy and technology, Full width at half maximum, Optics, law, QCL, HEB, business, SOFIA
Abstract: As part of a study for a second generation heterodyne spectrometer on SOFIA we are developing a 2.5-THz frontend which is implemented in a pulse-tube cooler . It consists of a quantum-cascade laser as local oscillator and a phonon-cooled NbN hot electron bolometric mixer. Frequency stabilization to below 300 kHz full width at half maximum is achieved by locking to a molecular absorption line. We will present the design and performance of the frontend and discuss the prospects for an application on board of SOFIA.
Published: 2011

28. Molecular spectroscopy with a multimode THz quantum-cascade laser

Author: Rudolf Hey, Heiko Richter, Martin Wienold, M. Giehler, H.-W. Hübers, René Eichholz, S.G. Pavlov, Lutz Schrottke, Holger T. Grahn, and A. D. Semenov
Subjects: spectroscopy, Materials science, Spectrometer, Terahertz radiation, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Terahertz- und Infrarotsensorik, Far-infrared laser, Physics::Optics, multimode QCL, Laser, law.invention, Terahertz spectroscopy and technology, Photomixing, terahertz, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, THz, spectrometer, Quantum cascade laser, business, Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: A terahertz absorption spectrometer for high-resolution molecular spectroscopy is realized. The spectrometer is based on a multimode quantum-cascade laser. The design and performance of the spectrometer are presented. Three aspects are discussed: sensitivity, frequency calibration, and frequency multiplexing.
Published: 2011

29. Two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations inppcollisions ats=900 GeV

Author: F. Piuz, C. Baumann, Csaba Soos, L. K. Mangotra, M. Kutouski, Eleazar Cuautle, K. Mizoguchi, Y. Hori, A. Szanto de Toledo, Trine Spedstad Tveter, J. Kapitan, Chiara Zampolli, Sara Vallero, Vladimir Samsonov, C.W. Fabjan, T. Iwasaki, P. Pillot, I. Otterlund, Madan M. Aggarwal, S. Radomski, A. G. Asryan, I. Martashvili, Ken Oyama, Francesco Noferini, P. Jovanovic, Luciano Musa, Ante Bilandzic, T. Pawlak, G. O.V. de Barros, G. Bourdaud, J. F. Castillo Hernandez, Marta Verweij, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, V. Altini, E. Dénes, A. Uras, A. I. Pavlinov, A. B. Kaidalov, S. Lohn, J. Mlynarz, B. Polichtchouk, Enrichetta Maria Fiore, A. Borisov, D. Y.-U. Peressounko, Andrey Reshetin, A. Fernández Téllez, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Kyong Sei Lee, Jan Rak, Massimo Masera, Jean-Yves Grossiord, M. E. Cotallo, C. Pérez, C. Tagridis, Yu. V. Kharlov, S. Yasnopolskiy, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, Sang Un Ahn, V. Lafage, V. Lenti, B. Grinyov, Adela Kravcakova, Ulrich Fuchs, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, Neetika Sharma, Kirill Voloshin, D. Hasch, N. Willis, V. Catanescu, J. Newby, N. Pitz, J. H. Kang, Federico Ronchetti, Andre Mischke, F. Painke, Marcello Lunardon, Stefan Kirsch, V. Chibante Barroso, V. Nikolic, A. Jacholkowski, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, Krzysztof Redlich, Raghunath Sahoo, W. W. Jung, P. Kaliňák, Peter Chochula, Christophe Pierre Suire, Marian Putis, I. Sgura, C. D. Anson, Z. Conesa del Valle, J. Dubuisson, V. Zycháček, Q. Wen, G. T. Jones, Shih-Chang Lee, V. Chambert, F. Lackner, Filippo Costa, V. I. Yurevich, Rosario Turrisi, Oliver Busch, Magdalena Malek, J. Zhu, Davide Falchieri, M. Cherney, S. Hu, Teodor Siemiarczuk, Subrata Pal, I. Hřivnáčová, Marian Ivanov, D. Di Bari, M. S. Ganti, Valerie Ramillien Barret, P. R. Pujahari, D. Hasegan, T. Kalliokoski, R. Kolevatov, G. Mazza, A. Di Mauro, Z. Fodor, M. Krus, H. Oeschler, N. Novitzky, E. Biolcati, A. Zepeda, Y. Okada, V. Angelov, L. Toscano, S. Prasad, L. Wallet, P. T. Hille, M. Szuba, S. Esumi, M. Irfan, Marco De Petris, A. Turvey, Gualtiero Volpe, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, Nicolas Bock, Alberto Masoni, Martin Vala, Amalia Pop, Rachid Guernane, Chitrasen Jena, Imrich Szarka, Nicole Bastid, F. Furano, Federico Carminati, G. Luparello, P.A. Polozov, Bedangadas Mohanty, R. Glasow, C. Pajares, J. P. Coffin, Fiorella Fionda, Y. Mao, Ajay Kumar Dash, G. Stefanek, Meidana Huang, K. Aamodt, Paolo Giubellino, Philippe Crochet, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, L. Jirden, M. Kalisky, Roberta Ferretti, Oleg Karavichev, Benjamin Donigus, Rosario Nania, Junlee Kim, S. Gorbunov, A. J. Rubio-Montero, J. Bielcikova, Haavard Helstrup, Alberica Toia, Lijiao Liu, A. Klovning, Y. Maruyama, M. Rammler, S. Antinori, Paolo Pagano, S. De Pasquale, L. Montaño Zetina, B. Boyer, A. Abrahantes Quintana, R. Platt, J. S. Kim, Vladimir Nikulin, Maria Haiduc, Boris Hippolyte, T.M. Steinbeck, J. Ulery, G. Odyniec, Pietro Cortese, S. Senyukov, M. Morando, Bruno Espagnon, L. Cunqueiro, A. Rachevski, Premomoy Ghosh, Xing-Bo Yuan, Philippe Rosnet, T. S. Räihä, H. A. Gustafsson, Sven Gotovac, L. Manceau, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, Atsushi Takahara, E. Chiavassa, M. Bombara, C. Cavicchioli, I. Makhlyueva, A. Pulvirenti, F. Yermia, N. Herrmann, E. Cattaruzza, M. De Gaspari, D. Krumbhorn, A. A. Vinogradov, R. Gemme, Frederick Kramer, T. Krawutschke, M. Tavlet, A. Tournaire, V. Petráček, Ruben Shahoyan, F. Formenti, Hyun-Chul Kim, L. V. Malinina, R. Janik, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, J. Bán, C. Hernández, Janka Vrlakova, V. Wagner, L. Vannucci, J. Pouthas, R. de Rooij, Alessandro Grelli, Z. L. Matthews, H.R. Gulkanyan, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, Carlos A. Salgado, Roman Lietava, T. Horaguchi, A. Punin, Christophe Furget, S. Bablok, A. K. Dutta Majumdar, E. Fragiacomo, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Francesca Soramel, Thomas Michael Cormier, E. G. Ferreiro, R. Gómez Jiménez, Ralf Keidel, Sami Sakari Rasanen, F. Osmic, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, E. López Torres, Tatsuya Chujo, A. Kolojvari, Paul Constantin, R. A. Soltz, F. Tosello, Anju Bhasin, G. Conesa Balbastre, C. Lara, Peter Martin Jacobs, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Jon Christopher Wikne, T. Tolyhy, A. M. Gago, Y. J. Kwon, A. Martínez Davalos, A. Hayrapetyan, D. Vranic, Vitaly Loginov, Ian Gardner Bearden, A. Matyja, Andrea Alici, E. Berdermann, Sergey Nazarenko, O. V. Fateev, K. J. Malagalage, Adrian Sevcenco, Lokesh Kumar, G. A. Feofilov, A. Baldit, Giacomo Bruno, G. P. Capitani, A. Nianine, Alexey Kuryakin, Filimon Roukoutakis, Pablo Saiz, Yongwook Baek, Peter Levai, D. Hatzifotiadou, Predrag Buncic, Kenneth Francis Read, I. Vetlitskiy, E. Kornaś, Valery Punin, M. I. Martínez Hernández, M. A. Braun, S. Kapusta, R. Bellwied, S.A. Zaporozhets, D. De Gruttola, D. T. Larsen, H. Tydesjö, J. Urban, Andrey Zarochentsev, I. Rusanov, J. de Cuveland, Mihai Petrovici, Yu.N. Pestov, Peter Strmen, Luciana Bianchi, Henning Kværnø, Ara Grigoryan, G. Sharkov, D. Elia, H. Taureg, M. Zhalov, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, C. Di Giglio, Andry Malala Rakotozafindrabe, A. Konevskih, A. Peters, M. Mastromarco, Leonid Vinogradov, D. M.M. Don, Vito Manzari, Latchezar Betev, J. J. Gaardhøje, Alexey Bogdanov, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, Dai-Mei Zhou, Vladimir Vechernin, Franco Meddi, Dmitry Aleksandrov, C. Bortolin, Brigitte Cheynis, Franck Manso, Hannes Jung, Adriana Telesca, Ermanno Vercellin, I. S. Zgura, Podist Kurashvili, Panagiotis Christakoglou, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Xuan Zhang, A. K. Bhati, A. Kamal, Y. P. Viyogi, G. Puddu, H. H. Gutbrod, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Varlen Grabski, Néstor Armesto, D. M. Madagodahettige-Don, I. Kraus, Michal Sumbera, A. Colla, Laurent Ducroux, M. Basile, M. A. Mazzoni, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, B. Ghidini, T. J. Humanic, Hideki Hamagaki, Gunnar Løvhøiden, Anselmo Margotti, Giacomo Ortona, K. Šafařík, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, M. Boccioli, Alexey Kurepin, Peter Glassel, Gyulnara Eyyubova, Mikolaj Krzewicki, Xing Long Li, Tomasz Traczyk, M. Botje, Andres Sandoval, Raffaele Grosso, Roberta Arnaldi, A. I. Zinchenko, G. Stefanini, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, A. Maire, Anton Jusko, Ivan Kralik, Ozgur Cobanoglu, Miroslav Pikna, Mario Sitta, R. Arceo, Rui Ma, N. van der Kolk, R. Kamermans, Eva Sicking, Dosatsu Sakata, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, Johannes Peter Wessels, M. Meoni, R. Tanabe, S. Jangal, D. Swoboda, Mikhail Malaev, E. Simili, M. Fragkiadakis, Johanna Stachel, H. S. Lee, R. N. Singaraju, E. S. Conner, Cristian Andrei, Nazeer Ahmad, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, C. Ivan, Olja Dordic, H. Ricaud, J. Peyré, Dong Jo Kim, F. Minafra, J. Wiechula, G.F. Segato, G. de Cataldo, I. Vassiliev, Juha Äystö, Isabel Dominguez, S. Coli, R. W. Fearick, Francesco Barile, L. V. Bravina, Giuseppe Viesti, Andrei Gheata, Y. Delgado, V. Pospíšil, Giacomo Contin, M. Pachr, Nicola Bianchi, E. Kang, C. Yang, J. Thäder, G.S. Shabratova, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, T. P. Sinha, D. Budnikov, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, S. Navin, T. Breitner, M. A. Subieta Vásquez, Linda Vickovic, Silvia Arcelli, Y. G. Kim, E. Crescio, D. Fabris, M. Bach, R. Varma, L. Bosisio, Z. Vilakazi, N. Le Bris, B. von Haller, J. S. Real, A. Abramyan, Ki-Seok Choi, Motoi Inaba, F. Bossú, G. Russo, Alexander Kluge, Radiy Ilkaev, G. de Vaux, U. Abeysekara, F. Carena, A. G. Agocs, F. Blanco, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, J. Bohm, Bastian Bathen, Annalisa Mastroserio, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, G. D'Erasmo, Alina Gabriela Grigoras, G. Tröger, Seyong Kim, Alessandra Fantoni, E. Quercigh, Angela Badala, A.S. Vodopianov, P. Ostrowski, I. Cortés Maldonado, Taku Gunji, K. Watanabe, Joakim Nystrand, Ionut Cristian Arsene, M. C. S. Williams, Fatima Padilla, A. Dobrin, A. R. Reolon, G. Bruckner, R. Vernet, M. Heinz, Lee Stuart Barnby, L. Massacrier, Toru Sugitate, Markus Fasel, S. Serci, D. Miśkowiec, Giuseppe Simonetti, D. P. Kikola, V.A. Polyakov, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, Michele Floris, Arturo Tauro, Ralf Peter Averbeck, F.F. Guber, Zubayer Ahammed, Giacomo Vito Margagliotti, A. V. Kazantsev, Volker Lindenstruth, N. Miftakhov, C. Lazzeroni, S. Kalcher, C. Garabatos, Dominik Fehlker, Federico Cindolo, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, Marco Monteno, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Zenin, K. Ma, L. Šándor, Jogender Saini, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, M. G. Poghosyan, F. Navach, Anand Kumar Dubey, Y. Kucheriaev, D. Emschermann, S. Aguilar Salazar, Romualdo Santoro, Kyrre Skjerdal, A. Ramírez Reyes, K. Antipin, V. Dobretsov, Sergey Filchagin, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, M. Kim, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, Gilda Scioli, Barbara Guerzoni, C. Lal, H. Torii, Johan Alme, Luciano Ramello, R. López-Ramírez, H. Pereira, P. Saturnini, M. R. Dutta Majumdar, P. Zelnicek, W. Sommer, Vladislav Manko, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, Sergey Fokin, Anton Andronic, Tatjana Susa, Federico Antinori, A. Casanova Díaz, I. Kisel, A. Nedosekin, R. De Remigis, D. Soyk, J. D. Tapia Takaki, G. Laurenti, Bogdan Vulpescu, H. Gottschlag, D. S. Hwang, Boris Batyunya, Stefan Rossegger, Sergio Vergara, S. Böttger, J. Symons, H. González Santos, Kathrin Koch, K. Kozlov, Paolo Martinengo, S. Bose, J. De Groot, L. Riccati, Michele Caselle, P. Petrov, L. Benhabib, Gerardus Nooren, R. Panse, A. Wilk, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Y. Li, Alessandro Ferretti, S. Lu, G. Tsiledakis, Peter Christiansen, S. Román López, Andrew Ivanov, D. P. Mahapatra, Stefania Beole, Vladimir Peskov, Bikash Sinha, Melinda Siciliano, I. K. Yoo, J. P. Revol, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, M. Mohisin Khan, N. Grion, A. Palaha, Navneet Kumar, I. Berceanu, Borge Svane Nielsen, Richa Gupta, L. Díaz, M. Hartig, I. E. Yushmanov, R. Wan, T. Alt, S. Sharma, Mitali Mondal, Chiara Oppedisano, B. H. Han, O. Villalobos Baillie, T. Peitzmann, R. A. Ricci, Sergey Nikulin, O. Vikhlyantsev, Ombretta Pinazza, E. Siddi, Hiroki Yokoyama, K. Polák, V. P. Kondratiev, C. Torcato de Matos, A. Soloviev, X. Cai, B. Hicks, T. Malkiewicz, Alexei Khanzadeev, Sandra Moretto, Andrea Danu, Y. Zoccarato, E. Montes, F. Prino, P. Ladron de Guevara, Guillaume Batigne, A. De Caro, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, Gaute Øvrebekk, P. Di Nezza, T. C. Awes, Kyoichiro Ozawa, N. Abel, H. Bøggild, G. Tejeda Muñoz, D. S. Kim, A. Charpy, M. Sano, Sona Pochybova, P. G. Innocenti, Anik Gupta, G. S. Pappalardo, H. Delagrange, T. Dobrowolski, Vikas Singhal, Antonino Zichichi, Andrey Vasiliev, Gennady Zinovjev, R. Akimoto, J. Bartke, Y. Wang, Christian Holm Christensen, G. Torralba, Enrico Scomparin, Hans Muller, D. Tlusty, J. Pluta, Andreas Petridis, Evgeny Ryabinkin, J. Kral, Hans Hjersing Dalsgaard, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, C. Pastore, F. Lefèvre, E. Stenlund, C. Nygaard, J. Sarkamo, P. G. Kuijer, Costin Grigoras, Leonardo Milano, M. Oldenburg, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, S. Rath, J. Munoz, R. A. Fini, F. Poggio, Angelo Rivetti, Petra Riedler, M. Venaruzzo, B. S. Chang, R. Bala, G. Steyn, G. Anelli, J. Lehnert, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, A. Belogianni, D. Mayani, Satyajit Jena, Valeria Muccifora, A. Vacchi, Mihaela Gheata, Henner Buesching, Min Jung Kweon, E. Stan, R.J.M. Snellings, Tomoya Tsuji, P. L.M. Podesta Lerma, A. Silenzi, Alexander Mamonov, A. Pepato, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, A. Glenn, A. Michalon, Dieter Røhrich, L. Molnar, Evgeny Karpechev, A. Anzo, Sébastien Gadrat, G. Aglieri Rinella, K. Shtejer, Vladimir Kaplin, L. Luquin, H. Snow, F. Staley, Tome Anticic, D. Antończyk, Christoph Blume, D. Semenov, Myunggeun Song, Eugen Mudnic, P. Rosinský, Jorn Henning Putschke, R. Kour, D. W. Kim, M. Zynovyev, H. León Vargas, D. Truesdale, J. Hamblen, F. Posa, G. Nazarov, Y. Vinogradov, L. Valencia Palomo, S. Zhou, Marek Kowalski, J. Castillo Castellanos, Y. Sibiriak, A. A. Rademakers, Altaf Ahmad, Andrzej Rybicki, R. Kupczak, M. A. Lisa, A. De Falco, R. Smakal, R. Salgueiro Domingues da Silva, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Svein Lindal, A.G. Fedunov, David H. Evans, E. Almaráz Aviña, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, S.A. Sadovsky, G. M. Urciuoli, M. Heide, A. Nyiri, Jurgen Schukraft, Magnus Mager, Christian Lippmann, Christian Claude Kuhn, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, P. Mendez Lorenzo, W. J. Park, H. Appelshäuser, Ketil Røed, P. Cerello, A. Blanc, Sergey Nikolaev, P. Mereu, Pietro Antonioli, Luisa Cifarelli, M. Campbell, Steffen Schreiner, A. Frolov, W. Peryt, F. Rettig, F. Nendaz, Cristina Terrevoli, P. Vande Vyvre, A. Harutyunyan, M. Masetti, C. Søgaard, H. León, A. Hiei, Eugenio Scapparone, Julien Faivre, I. León Monzón, Konrad Tywoniuk, E. Nappi, I. Rashevskaya, Djuvsland, V. Demanov, H. K. Soltveit, L. Bimbot, J. Peschek, Rene Brun, Enrique Calvo, L. H. González-Trueba, H. Schindler, K. Okada, C. Cicalo, T. V. Moukhanova, Y. Schutz, Mikhail Ippolitov, Kai Schweda, Igor Pshenichnov, I. Das, Maria Vasileiou, A. M. Rossi, V. Paticchio, Jovan Milosevic, Alexandru Bercuci, A. Piccotti, B. Pommeresch, M. Estienne, M. R. Cosentino, Alberto Baldisseri, Guy Paic, M. Nicassio, Kalliopi Kanaki, Roberto Divia, G. Cara Romeo, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, A. Ochirov, Diego Stocco, B. S. Nilsen, Mohd Danish Azmi, Peter Malzacher, Dirk Hutter, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, M. Lenhardt, T.A. Pocheptsov, Sevil Salur, G. Dellacasa, S. Kniege, C. W. Son, C. Bombonati, M. López Noriega, P. A. Scott, Agneta Oskarsson, Branislav Sitar, Janusz Oleniacz, Y. Berdnikov, Ana Vargas, I. Maldonado Cervantes, Elena Bruna, Catia Petta, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, E. Belmont-Moreno, Francesco Riggi, Panagiota Foka, Lennart Osterman, Werner Riegler, Jennifer Lynn Klay, J. L. Charvet, K. Schossmaier, V. Fekete, Klaus Johannes Reygers, S. Rousseau, Alexander Akindinov, P. Gros, R. Santo, A. Enokizono, V. Canoa Roman, T. Aronsson, Nikolai Smirnov, R. Stock, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Sedat Altinpinar, T. K. Nayak, Alla Maevskaya, C.J. Schmidt, S. Schuchmann, Y. N. Gorbunov, Vladimir Ivanov, An. Zalite, G. L. Usai, C. Guerra, B.V. Zagreev, R. Romita, Petr Zavada, Evgeny Zabrodin, R. P. Scharenberg, Markku Oinonen, S. Kox, G. Hamar, D. Perrino, J. H. Kim, L. Leistam, Yasuo Miake, S. Evrard, C. Klein-Bösing, Davide Caffarri, A. Ortiz Velasquez, Stefano Bagnasco, Airton Deppman, Giuseppe Giraudo, A. Arend, Sylvain Chapeland, Rinaldo Rui, M. Fusco Girard, Boris Wagner, Chiara Bianchin, J. G. Contreras, Stefano Piano, A. Nyatha, S. Dash, Vardanush Papikyan, R. Alfaro Molina, Dagmar Adamová, Marian Krivda, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, T. Samanta, Matthias Richter, G. Herrera Corral, Lawrence Pinsky, Jochen Klein, A. Szostak, Sergey Kiselev, Andreas Morsch, A. Palmeri, M. Bregant, Uwe Westerhoff, A. Pesci, T. Virgili, H. Yang, J. W. Harris, Yu.V. Zanevsky, Mauro Gallio, A. Lozea Feijo Soares, Silvia Masciocchi, Kenta Shigaki, Michael Linus Knichel, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, Cai Xu, E. Camacho, M. Bogolyubsky, Alexander Kurepin, Marie Germain, Leonid Serkin, Ulrich Michael Frankenfeld, Alexandr Tumkin, F. Chuman, M. Bondila, E. Tsilis, M. Kliemant, V. Basmanov, Raul Arteche Diaz, V. Kushpil, V. Grigoriev, J. Gebelein, Y. Corrales Morales, S. Sano, Evgeny Kryshen, S. Di Liberto, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, Marek Chojnacki, S. H. Kim, Laurent Bernard Aphecetche, G. Martínez García, Herve Borel, Roberto Preghenella, B. Pastirčák, P. González-Zamora, I. Ilkiv, Bruno Alessandro, E. Serradilla, Z. Buthelezi, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, M. Dialinas, Tatiana Karavicheva, Y. Le Bornec, Bjarte Kileng, A. Marzari Chiesa, Peter Graham Jones, A. Musso, Smbat Grigoryan, Rainer Martin Schicker, P. Stolpovsky, Andrzej Deloff, D. Felea, Andre Augustinus, C. García Trapaga, Haaland, L. Jancurová, J.A. Mares, Matevz Tadel, D. Derkach, Mads Stormo Nilsson, Paraskevi Ganoti, M. van Leeuwen, Hyungsuk Son, J. Seo, S. K. Pal, Dmitry Mal'kevich, J. R. Lutz, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Petr Nomokonov, Juyeon Yi, Udo Kebschull, Rashmi Raniwala, Claude Andre Pruneau, Roberto Barbera, Zhongbao Yin, R. Grajcarek, Bruce Becker, S. Huber, R. Ichou, Fernando Scarlassara, Rajeev Singh, B. Fenton-Olsen, F. Orsini, Ana Maria Marin, Dayong Wang, D. Perini, and A. Devaux
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Tevatron, Particle accelerator, Bose–Einstein correlations, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Pion, law, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Abstract: We report on the measurement of two-pion correlation functions from pp collisions at root s = 900 GeV performed by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Our analysis shows an increase of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss radius with increasing event multiplicity, in line with other measurements done in particle- and nuclear collisions. Conversely, the strong decrease of the radius with increasing transverse momentum, as observed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at Tevatron, is not manifest in our data.
Published: 2010

30. Performance of a compact, continuous-wave terahertz source based on a quantum-cascade laser

Author: Rudolf Hey, Heiko Richter, A. D. Semenov, Holger T. Grahn, S.G. Pavlov, Lutz Schrottke, Martin Wienold, Michael Greiner-Bär, M. Giehler, and Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
Subjects: Physics, Stirling engine, Terahertz radiation, business.industry, Cold finger, Laser, law.invention, Power (physics), Optics, Electricity generation, law, Continuous wave, business, Quantum cascade laser
Abstract: We report on the development of a compact, easy-to-use terahertz radiation source, which combines a quantum-cascade laser (QCL) with a compact, low-input-power Stirling cooler. The QCL, which is based on a two-miniband design, has been developed for high output and low electrical pump power. Special care has been taken to achieve a good thermal coupling between the QCL and the cold finger of the cooler. The whole system weighs less than 15 kg including the cooler and power supplies. The maximum output power is 8 mW at 3.1 THz. With an appropriate optical beam shaping, the emission profile of the laser is fundamental Gaussian. The applicability of the system is demonstrated by imaging and molecular-spectroscopy experiments.
Published: 2010

31. A compact THz source for imaging and spectroscopy

Author: Lutz Schrottke, H.-W. Hübers, R. Hey, M. Wienold, A. D. Semenov, M. Giehler, Heiko Richter, H. T. Grahn, S.G. Pavlov, and Michael Greiner-Bär
Subjects: Stirling engine, Materials science, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Molecular spectroscopy, Power (physics), law.invention, Gallium arsenide, Terahertz spectroscopy and technology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electricity generation, chemistry, law, Optoelectronics, Spectroscopy, business
Abstract: We report of a easy-to-use terahertz radiation source, which combines a QCL operating at 3.1 THz with a compact, low-input-power Stirling cooler. The QCL, which is based on a two-miniband design, has been developed for high output powers and low electrical pump power. The whole system weighs less than 15 kg including cooler, power supplies etc. The peak output power is 8 mW at 3.1 THz. The applicability of the system is demonstrated by imaging and molecular spectroscopy experiments.
Published: 2010

32. Toward a compact THz local oscillator based on a quantum-cascade laser

Author: Lutz Schrottke, M. Giehler, H. Richter, M. Wienold, S.G. Pavlov, A. D. Semenov, Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers, Holger T. Grahn, M. Greiner-Baer, and Rudolf Hey
Subjects: Physics, Heterodyne, Stirling engine, Terahertz radiation, business.industry, Local oscillator, Superheterodyne receiver, Physics::Optics, Laser, law.invention, Optics, law, business, Quantum cascade laser, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Heterodyne spectroscopy of molecular rotational lines and atomic fine-structure lines is a powerful tool in astronomy and planetary research. One example is the OI fine structure line at 4.7 THz. This is a main target for the observation with GREAT, the German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies, which will be operated on board of SOFIA. We report on the development of a compact, easy-to-use source, which combines a quantum-cascade laser (QCL) with a compact, low-input-power Stirling cooler. This work is part of the local-oscillator development for GREAT/SOFIA. The QCL, which is based on a two-miniband design, has been developed for high output power and low electrical pump power. Efficient carrier injection is achieved by resonant longitudinal optical phonon scattering. The amount of generated heat complies with the cooling capacity of the Stirling cooler. The whole system weighs less than 15 kg including cooler, power supplies etc. The output power is above 1 mW. With an appropriate optical beam shaping, the emission profile of the laser becomes a fundamental Gaussian one. Sub-MHz frequency accuracy can be achieved by locking the emission of the QCL to a molecular resonance.
Published: 2010

33. A compact, continuous-wave terahertz source based on a quantum-cascade laser and a miniature cryocooler

Author: M. Giehler, H. T. Grahn, Michael Greiner-Bär, M. Wienold, Rudolf Hey, S.G. Pavlov, Lutz Schrottke, Heiko Richter, A. D. Semenov, and H.-W. Hübers
Subjects: Stirling engine, Materials science, Terahertz- und Infrarotsensorik, Terahertz radiation, far, law.invention, terahertz, Photomixing, Optics, law, Air Conditioning, Spectroscopy, Lighting, Semiconductor lasers, Laser beam shaping, Miniaturization, business.industry, Cold finger, Lasers, Far-infrared laser, quantum cascade, Equipment Design, Cryocooler, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Equipment Failure Analysis, Energy Transfer, Computer-Aided Design, Infrared, Quantum cascade laser, business, Terahertz Radiation
Abstract: We report on the development of a compact, easy-to-use terahertz radiation source, which combines a quantum-cascade laser (QCL) operating at 3.1 THz with a compact, low-input-power Stirling cooler. The QCL, which is based on a two-miniband design, has been developed for high output and low electrical pump power. The amount of generated heat complies with the nominal cooling capacity of the Stirling cooler of 7 W at 65 K with 240 W of electrical input power. Special care has been taken to achieve a good thermal coupling between the QCL and the cold finger of the cooler. The whole system weighs less than 15 kg including the cooler and power supplies. The maximum output power is 8 mW at 3.1 THz. With an appropriate optical beam shaping, the emission profile of the laser is fundamental Gaussian. The applicability of the system is demonstrated by imaging and molecular-spectroscopy experiments.
Published: 2010

34. Picosecond YBa2Cu3O7−δdetector for far‐infrared radiation

Author: R. Steinke, Boris S. Karasik, M. A. Heusinger, Karl Friedrich Renk, A. D. Semenov, E. M. Gershenzon, G.N. Gol'tsman, Peter Lang, W. Schatz, and R. S. Nebosis
Subjects: Range (particle radiation), Materials science, business.industry, Detector, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Radiation, Laser, Particle detector, law.invention, Optics, Far infrared, law, Picosecond, business, Noise-equivalent power
Abstract: We report on a picosecond YBa2Cu3O7−δ detector for far‐infrared radiation. The detector, consisting of a current carrying structure cooled to liquid‐nitrogen temperature, was studied by use of ultrashort laser pulses from an optically pumped far‐infrared laser in the frequency range from 25 to 215 cm−1. We found that the sensitivity (1 mV/W) was almost constant in this frequency range. We estimated a noise equivalent power of less than 5×10−7 W Hz−1/2. Taking into account the results of a mixing experiment (in the frequency range from 4 to 30 cm−1) we suggest that the response time of the detector was few picoseconds.
Published: 1992

35. Picosecond hot-electron energy relaxation in NbN superconducting photodetectors

Author: A. D. Semenov, Martin Lindgren, Marc Currie, Serguei Cherednichenko, E. M. Gershenzon, Roman Sobolewski, Gregory Goltsman, and Konstantin Ilin
Subjects: Superconductivity, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Condensed matter physics, Phonon, law, Scattering, Picosecond, Bolometer, Atmospheric temperature range, Type-II superconductor, Superfluid helium-4, law.invention
Abstract: We report time-resolved characterization of superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors using an electro-optic sampling method. Our samples were patterned into micron-size microbridges from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films deposited on sapphire substrates. The devices were illuminated with 100 fs optical pulses, and the photoresponse was measured in the ambient temperature range between 2.15 and 10.6 K (superconducting temperature transition TC). The experimental data agreed very well with the nonequilibrium hot-electron, two-temperature model. The quasiparticle thermalization time was ambient temperature independent and was measured to be 6.5 ps. The inelastic electron–phonon scattering time τe–ph tended to decrease with the temperature increase, although its change remained within the experimental error, while the phonon escape time τes decreased almost by a factor of two when the sample was put in direct contact with superfluid helium. Specifically, τe–ph and τes, fitted by the two-temperature model, were equal to 11.6 and 21 ps at 2.15 K, and 10(±2) and 38 ps at 10.5 K, respectively. The obtained value of τe–ph shows that the maximum intermediate frequency bandwidth of NbN hot-electron phonon-cooled mixers operating at TC can reach 16(+4/−3) GHz if one eliminates the bolometric phonon-heating effect.
Published: 2000

36. Monitoring coherent THz-synchrotron radiation with superconducting NbN hot-electron detector

Author: Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers, Michael Siegel, Vitaly Judin, Anke-Susanne Müller, A. D. Semenov, and Konstantin Ilin
Subjects: Physics, Superconductivity, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Bolometer, Detector, Synchrotron radiation, Radiation, law.invention, Optics, Bunches, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Optoelectronics, business, Storage ring
Abstract: In synchrotron radiation sources short pulses of coherent THz radiation is emitted when the length of electron bunches becomes sufficiently small. A detector system based on a superconducting NbN ultra-fast bolometer with an intrinsic response time of about 100 ps was jointly developed by the University of Karlsruhe (Institute of Micro- and Nanoelectronic Systems) and German Aerospace Center (Berlin) and implemented at the storage ring ANKA to time-resolve radiation emitted by single electron bunches.
Published: 2009

37. SQUID-Readout for the Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector

Author: Dietmar Drung, Konstantin Ilin, Alexander Kirste, M. Peters, Thomas Schurig, H.-W. Hübers, A. D. Semenov, and Michael Siegel
Subjects: Physics, Superconductivity, Photon, Niobium nitride, business.industry, Nanowire, Physics::Optics, Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, SQUID readout, Condensed Matter Physics, superconducting nanostructures, Photon counting, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, SQUID, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, Photon detection, law, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract: Superconducting single-photon detectors from thin niobium nitride nanostrips exhibit a near-infrared cut-off of the wavelength-independent quantum efficiency along with a moderate energy resolution in the wavelength range around the cut-off. For the wavelength range before the cut-off, we have developed the electro-thermal model that describes the initial growth, diminution and disappearance of the normal domain created by a photon in the superconducting nanostrip. The response parameters extracted from the model fit were used to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio of the SQUID-based readout and to achieve in the temperature range from 1 to 4 K a photon counting frequency of 20 MHz and a dark count rate less than four in one hour.
Published: 2009

38. Technology and Performance of THz Hot-Electron Bolometer Mixers

Author: Alexander Scheuring, A. D. Semenov, H. Richter, Michael Siegel, H.-W. Huebers, A. Stockhausen, and Konstantin Ilin
Subjects: Superconductivity, superconducting hot-electron bolometer detector, Noise temperature, Materials science, Niobium nitride, Fabrication, business.industry, Local oscillator, Bolometer, THz mixer, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, law, proximity effect, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Thin film, business, Electron-beam lithography
Abstract: Hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers are a complex multi-layer thin film structure containing an ultra-thin superconducting film of NbN as a detecting element and a thick normal metal layer as an antenna structure. We have optimized the fabrication process starting with ultra-thin NbN films, Au films for antenna structures and their patterning using e-beam lithography and lift-off. The coupling between normal conducting antenna and NbN detector has been improved by introducing an intermediate NbN film to reduce proximity suppression of superconductivity in the detecting element. A critical temperature of about 9.5 K is reached for NbN films with a thickness between 5 nm and 6 nm. A twofold increase of the film thickness increases the critical temperature to 12 K. We have shown that a 20 nm thick buffer layer of NbN under a much thicker Au layer is sufficient to ensure a critical temperature of the bi-layer of 9 K. This value is close to the critical temperature of 5.5 nm thick HEB devices. The noise temperature of HEB mixer made using improved technology is about 800 K and was measured in a liquid cryogen free system with a quantum cascade laser as 2.5 THz local oscillator.
Published: 2009

39. Development of a THz heterodyne receiver with quantum cascade laser and hot electron bolometer mixer for standoff detection of explosive material

Author: Heiko Richter, L. Mahler, H.-W. Hübers, A. Tredicucci, Michael Siegel, S.G. Pavlov, Ulrich Schade, David A. Ritchie, Konstantin Ilin, A. D. Semenov, Michele Ortolani, Harvey E. Beere, Richter, H., Semenov, A. D., Pavlov, S. G., Mahler, L., Tredicucci, Alessandro, Beere, H. E., Ritchie, D. A., Ortolani, M., Schade, U., Il'In, K. S., Siegel, M., and Hubers, H. W.
Subjects: Physics, Explosive material, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Local oscillator, Superheterodyne receiver, Bolometer, pulse tube cooler, Physics::Optics, Laser, law.invention, Optics, law, QCL, HEB, Optoelectronics, Explosive detection, THz, Quantum cascade laser, business, radar
Abstract: The terahertz (THz) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum provides specific spectroscopic information for substance identification. It has been shown that the spectral features of explosive materials might be used for detection and identification at stand-off distances. We report on the development of a THz spectrometer for explosive detection and identification. The system is based on THz quantum cascade lasers working at different frequencies. These are used for illumination of the object under test. The reflected and backscattered radiation from the object under test is detected with a sensitive heterodyne receiver. As a first step a single frequency, liquid-cryogen free heterodyne receiver operating at 2.5 THz has been developed. In order to realize maximum sensitivity a phonon-cooled NbN hot electron bolometric mixer with a quantum cascade laser as local oscillator were chosen. The concept of the system and first results will be presented.
Published: 2009

40. Sensitive picosecond NbN detector for radiation from millimetre wavelengths to visible light

Author: Yu . P. Gousev, Karl Friedrich Renk, I G Godidze, G.N. Gol'tsman, W. J. Knott, Peter Lang, M. A. Zorin, A. D. Semenov, and E. M. Gershenzon
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Detector, Metals and Alloys, STRIPS, Radiation, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, law, Picosecond, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, Millimeter, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Visible spectrum
Abstract: The authors report on the application of a broad-band NbN film detector which has high sensitivity and picosecond response time for detection of radiation from millimetre wavelengths to visible light. From a study of amplitude modulated radiation of backward-wave tubes and picosecond pulses from gas and solid state lasers at wavelengths between 2 mm and 0.53 mu m, they found a detectivity of 1010 W-1 cm Hz-1/2 and a response time of less than 50 ps at T=10 K. The characteristics were provided by using a 150 AA thick NbN film patterned into a structure of micron strips. According to the proposed detection mechanism, namely electron heating, they expect an intrinsic response time of approximately 20 ps at the same temperature.
Published: 1991

41. Wide-band highspeed Nb and YBaCuO detectors

Author: Andrei Sergeev, E. M. Gershenzon, Gregory Goltsman, A. D. Semenov, and M. E. Gershenzon
Subjects: Range (particle radiation), Materials science, High-temperature superconductivity, Condensed matter physics, Bolometer, Analytical chemistry, Niobium, chemistry.chemical_element, Radiation, Particle detector, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Wavelength, chemistry, law, Millimeter, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract: The physical limitations on the response time and the nature of nonequilibrium detection of radiation were investigated for Nb and YBCO film in a wide spectral range from millimeter to near-infrared wavelengths. In the case of ideal heat removal from the film, the detection mechanism is connected with an electron heating effect which is not selective over a wide spectral interval. For Nb, the dependence of the response time on the electron mean free path l and temperature T is tau varies as T/sup -2/l/sup -1/. The values of detectivity D* and tau are 3*10/sup 11/ W/sup -1/ Hz/sup 1/2/ cm and 5*10/sup -9/ s at T=1.6 K, respectively. For YBCO film the tau value of 1-2 ps at T=77 K was obtained; the NEP value of 3*10/sup -11/ W-Hz/sup -1/2/ can be obtained at T=77 K in the case of the optimal film matching to the radiation.
Published: 1991

42. Electromagnetic radiation mixer based on electron heating in resistive state of superconductive Nb and YBaCuO films

Author: A. D. Semenov, A.I. Elantev, Yu . P. Gousev, E. M. Gershenzon, and Gregory Goltsman
Subjects: Heterodyne, Resistive touchscreen, Noise temperature, High-temperature superconductivity, Materials science, business.industry, Dynamic range, Electromagnetic radiation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Intermediate frequency, law, Optoelectronics, Millimeter, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract: A theory of an electron-heating mixer which makes it possible to calculate all the characteristics of the device is developed. It is shown that positive conversion gain is possible for such a mixer in the millimeter to near-infrared wavelength range. The dynamic range and the optimum heterodyne power can be selected from a very wide interval by varying the mixing element volume. Measurements made for Nb within the frequency range of 120-750 GHz confirm the theory. The conversion loss obtained at T=1.6 K and normalized to the element reaches 0.3 dB in the intermediate frequency band of 40 MHz; the possible noise temperature is 50 K. The estimation of noise temperature and output band for YBaCuO at T=77 yields 200 K and more than 10 GHz, respectively.
Published: 1991

43. Progress towards a 2.5-THz solid state heterodyne receiver with quantum cascade laser and hot electron bolometric mixer

Author: David A. Ritchie, Alessandro Tredicucci, H.-W. Hübers, M. Siegel, Harvey E. Beere, H. Richter, S.G. Pavlov, A. D. Semenov, Lukas Mahler, Konstantin Ilin, Hubers, H. W., Richter, H., Semenov, A. D., Pavlov, S. G., Mahler, L., Tredicucci, Alessandro, Beere, H. E., Ritchie, D. A., Kostea, I., and Siegel, M.
Subjects: Physics, Terahertz radiation, business.industry, Local oscillator, Superheterodyne receiver, Bolometer, Submillimetre astronomy, Pulse (physics), law.invention, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, Heterodyne detection, Quantum cascade laser, business
Abstract: We report on progress towards a solid state 2.5-THz heterodyne receiver. The front-end of the receiver is integrated in a pulse tube cooler. It consists of a quantum cascade laser (QCL) as local oscillator and a phonon-cooled NbN hot electron bolometric mixer. The QCL is mounted on the first stage of the PTC and operates at a temperature of about 45 K while the HEB is mounted on the second stage of the PTC (temperature ~5 K). Design and performance of the receiver will be reported.
Published: 2008

44. Terahertz receivers development for astronomy and security applications

Author: A. D. Semenov, Michael Siegel, H.-W. Hübers, Lukas Mahler, R. Kohler, Alessandro Tredicucci, Harvey E. Beere, David A. Ritchie, H. Richter, S.G. Pavlov, K. Ill'in, Richter, H., Pavlov, S. G., Semenov, A. D., Hubers, H. -W., Ill'In, K., Siegel, M., Kohler, R., Mahler, L., Tredicucci, A., Beere, H. E., and Ritchie, D. A.
Subjects: Physics, Gas laser, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Local oscillator, Bolometer, Superheterodyne receiver, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Physics::Optics, law.invention, Highly sensitive, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, business, Quantum cascade laser, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Various applications in astronomy and security need highly sensitive heterodyne receiver with a quantum cascade laser or a gas laser as local oscillator and a quasioptically coupled hot-electron bolometer mixer. Here we report on the development and characterization of the receiver components for frequencies up to 2.5 THz.
Published: 2008

45. Frequency tunability and mode switching of 2.5 THz quantum cascade lasers

Author: Harvey E. Beere, H. Richter, S.G. Pavlov, David A. Ritchie, R.P. Green, A. D. Semenov, Alessandro Tredicucci, H.-W. Hübers, Lukas Mahler, Pavlov, S. G., Hubers, H. W., Richter, H., Semenov, A. D., Tredicucci, Alessandro, Mahler, L., Green, R. P., Beere, H. E., and Ritchie, D. A.
Subjects: Materials science, Gas laser, business.industry, Far-infrared laser, Physics::Optics, Laser pumping, Injection seeder, law.invention, Photomixing, Laser linewidth, Optics, law, Quantum dot laser, Optoelectronics, Physics::Atomic Physics, business, Tunable laser
Abstract: Spectral characteristics of quantum cascade lasers operating at about 2.5 terahertz have been investigated by means of high-resolution mixing spectroscopy. Linewidth, frequency tunability and frequency stability of the lasers were measured by mixing their radiation with radiation from a 2.5 terahertz gas laser (heterodyne mixing). The results of the homodyne mixing of different modes of the laser indicate on laser mode switching and large variations of the effective refractive index in the active medium caused by the laser drive current.
Published: 2008

46. Spectral characterization of terahertz quantum cascade lasers by heterodyne and homodyne mixing

Author: H.-W. Hübers, Alessandro Tredicucci, Lukas Mahler, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, Harvey E. Beere, S.G. Pavlov, David A. Ritchie, Hubers, H. -W., Pavlov, S. G., Richter, H., Semenov, A. D., Mahler, L., Tredicucci, A., Beere, H. E., and Ritchie, D. A.
Subjects: Physics, Distributed feedback laser, Active laser medium, Gas laser, business.industry, Far-infrared laser, Physics::Optics, Laser pumping, Laser, law.invention, Optics, law, Quantum dot laser, Optoelectronics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Laser power scaling, business
Abstract: We have studied the current- and temperature-driven frequency tunability of quantum cascade lasers operating at 2.5 THz. The design of the active medium follows the so-called bound-to-continuum approach. One laser has a Fabry-Perot type resonator. It operates on several modes simultaneously. The other has a distributed feedback structure on top of the active medium which leads to single mode emission. High-resolution spectra of the laser emission by heterodyne mixing with the radiation from a THz gas laser were obtained. In the case of the Fabry-Perot laser, homodyne mixing of its modes was performed too. The emission frequency increases with current for both lasers and all modes. The analysis of the spectra shows up to 2% variation of the difference frequency due to changes of the laser current. The origins of these shifts are discussed.
Published: 2007

47. Terahertz imaging system for stand-off detection of threats

Author: H.-W. Hübers, U. Böttger, H. Richter, and A. D. Semenov
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Local oscillator, Bolometer, Radiation, Laser, law.invention, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, Heterodyne detection, business, Image resolution, Microwave
Abstract: Suicide bombers and hidden bombs or explosives have become serious threats especially for mass transportation. Until now there exists no established system which can be used against these threats. Therefore new technologies especially for stand-off detection of threats are required. Terahertz (THz) rays offer an alternative inspection method, which can cope with these new challenges. Major advantages of THz radiation as compared to other spectral regions are the possibility to penetrate through clothes and that THz radiation is not harmful for human health. In this report the design and results of a THz stand-off detection system will be presented. The sensor is based on active illumination of the object and sensitive heterodyne detection of reflected and backscattered radiation. The system operates at about 0.8 THz. A THz laser is used for illumination and a superconducting hot-electron bolometric mixer for detection. The local oscillator required for heterodyne detection is a multiplied microwave source. The optical system is designed to allow for stand-off detection at 20 m with a spatial resolution less than 2 cm.
Published: 2007

48. Molecular Spectroscopy with terahertz quantum cascade lasers

Author: Harvey E. Beere, A. D. Semenov, Lukas Mahler, David A. Ritchie, H. Richter, Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers, S.G. Pavlov, A. Tredicucci, Hubers, Hw, Pavlov, Sg, Richter, H, Semenov, Ad, Mahler, L, Tredicucci, Alessandro, Beere, He, and Ritchie, Da
Subjects: gas sensing, Gas laser, Terahertz radiation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Terahertz, Rotational transition, Physics::Optics, quantum cascade laser, High Resolution, law.invention, terahertz, Laser linewidth, Optics, law, HOT-ELECTRON-BOLOMETER, SPECTROMETER, THZ, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Spectroscopy, methanol, HETERODYNE RECEIVER, CH3OH, Distributed feedback laser, Spectrometer, business.industry, Chemistry, Quantum Cascade Laser, Laser, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, terahertz, quantum cascade laser, methanol, gas sensing, molecular spectroscopy, molecular spectroscopy, business
Abstract: We have implemented quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) operating at about 2.5 THz in a spectrometer for high resolution molecular spectroscopy. One QCL has a Fabry-Perot resonator while the other is a distributed feedback laser. Linewidth and frequency tunability of both QCLs were investigated by mixing the radiation from the QCL with that from a 2.5 THz gas laser. Both were found sufficient for Doppler limited spectroscopy. Rotational transitions of methanol were detected in absorption using a QCL as radiation source. Amplitude as well as frequency modulation of the output power of the QCL were used. The absolute frequency was determined simultaneously with the absorption signal by mixing a small part of the radiation from the QCL with that from a gas laser. The pressure broadening and the pressure shift of a rotational transition of methanol at 2.519 THz were measured in order to demonstrate the performance of the spectrometer.
Published: 2007

49. Phonon cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer for 1-5 THz

Author: Konstantin Smirnov, Boris M. Voronov, H. Richter, H.-W. Hübers, G.N. Gol'tsman, and A. D. Semenov
Subjects: Physics, Heterodyne, Superconductivity, Mischer, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Phonon, Terahertz, Bolometer, Supraleiter, hot electron bolometer, Ferninfrarot, law.invention, Optics, law, Heterodyn, Optoelectronics, Heterodyne detection, Antenna (radio), business, SOFIA, Noise (radio)
Abstract: Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy and planetary research need quantum limited sensitivity. In instruments which are currently built for SOFIA and Herschel, superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) are used to achieve this goal at frequencies above 1.4 THz. In order to optimize the performance for this frequency of hot electron bolometer mixers with different in-plane dimensions and logarithmic-spiral feed antennas have been investigated. Their noise temperatures and beam patterns were measured. Above 3 THz the best performance was achieved with a superconducting bridge of 2.0/spl times/0.2 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ incorporated in a logarithmic spiral antenna. The DSB noise temperatures were 2700 K, 4700 and 6400 K at 3.1 THz, 4.3 THz and 5.2 THz, respectively. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for THz heterodyne receivers up to at least 5 THz.
Published: 2006

50. High Resolution Gas Phase Spectroscopy with a Quantum Cascade Laser at 2.5 THz

Author: A. D. Semenov, Harvey E. Beere, Alessandro Tredicucci, Lukas Mahler, Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers, Heiko Richter, S.G. Pavlov, and David A. Ritchie
Subjects: Physics, Gas laser, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, quantum cascade laser, Physics::Optics, Schottky diode, far-infrared, Radiation, law.invention, terahertz, Optics, law, gas spectroscopy, Optoelectronics, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Quantum cascade laser, Spectroscopy
Abstract: We have performed high resolution spectroscopy of rotational lines of 12CH3 16OH in a THz spectrometer based on a 2.5 THz distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (QCL). The absolute frequency was determined simultaneously with the absorption measurement by mixing part of the radiation from the QCL with the radiation from a THz gas laser in a Schottky diode.
Published: 2006

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