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Study Objective: To describe the presentation, diagnosis, and management of a patient with abdominal pregnancy and to illustrate the laparoscopic technique used to manage this patient., Design: A descriptive study approved by our local Institutional Review Board. Consent was given from the patient., Setting: A university hospital in Ashdod, Israel., Patient: On May 15th 2018, a gravida 3, para 2, 37-year-old asymptomatic patient was referred to our hospital's gynecologic emergency department due to a suspected ectopic pregnancy. The patient had no relevant medical or surgical history. Her obstetric history consisted of 2 spontaneous vaginal deliveries with no other significant gynecologic history. Her menses were regular every month. Her last menstrual period was 6 weeks before presentation. Her β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level measured on the day before presentation was 24,856 IU/L. Physical examination was unremarkable except for a small amount of brownish vaginal discharge. A transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) exam on presentation did not demonstrate an intrauterine gestational sac, but revealed a gestational sac and a fetus next to the right adnexa, with a crown-rump length of 1.3 cm, consistent with 7+3 gestational weeks. There was a minimal amount of fluid in the pouch of Douglas., Intervention: Owing to an extrauterine pregnancy with high β-hCG value, laparoscopic operative management was chosen. On entrance to the abdominal cavity, a normal uterus and 2 ovaries and fallopian tubes were observed. A small to moderate amount of blood was present in the pouch of Douglas. a 3- to 4-cm distension was noted over the right uterosacral ligament. Following delicate probing of the area, moderate to severe bleeding commenced, which was initially controlled with local pressure and oxidized regenerated cellulose. An intraoperative TVUS identified an abdominal pregnancy in the right pelvic sidewall. The gestational sac was completely dissected and removed following ureterolysis and separation of the right ureter from the specimen. Local injection of vasopressin was also used. The β-hCG level before surgery of 19,008 IU/L decreased to 6339 IU/L on postoperative day 1. The patient was discharged in good condition on postoperative day 2. A final histopathological report confirmed a gestational sac., Measurement and Main Results: This patient referred for a tubal ectopic pregnancy was eventually diagnosed with an abdominal pregnancy and was treated operatively with complete excision of the abdominal pregnancy, which was located at the right pelvic sidewall., Conclusion: Abdominal pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy with a reported incidence of 1:10,000 to 1:30,000 pregnancies, and accounts for approximately 1% of ectopic pregnancies [1]. It carries a high risk for maternal morbidity and mortality. Many different locations at different gestational ages have been reported in the literature, including the pouch of Douglas, pelvic sidewall, bowel, broad ligament, omentum, and spleen [2-4]. These varied locations and the rarity of this type of pregnancy make diagnosis and treatment challenging. The location of the growing fetal tissue may endanger the patient's life if it impinges on vital anatomic structures. In the present case, the gestational sac was very close to the right ureter, and we opted to surgically excise the gestational sac in its entirety., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of clinical, laboratory and ultrasound findings with the surgical diagnosis of adnexal torsion in a retrospective cohort of women operated for suspected torsion., Methods: The study included 199 reproductive age women > 16-year-old who underwent urgent laparoscopy for suspected adnexal torsion between January 2008 and December 2014. The association of various parameters with adnexal torsion was analyzed with a multivariate logistic regression analysis and described as odds ratios (OR) ± 95% confidence intervals (CI)., Results: Adnexal torsion was surgically diagnosed in 111/199 (55.8%) cases. On the multivariate logistic regression analysis, complaints of nausea/vomiting (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.8-11.1), peritoneal irritation signs (OR 100.9, 95% CI 4.2-2421.9), elevated white blood cell count > 11,000 cells/mL (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.3-10.8), presence of free pelvic fluid on ultrasound (OR 34.4, 95% CI 6.7-177.9), ultrasound findings suggestive of ovarian edema (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.5-11.6), ultrasound findings suggestive of benign cystic teratoma (OR 7.8. 95% CI 1.2-49.4) and location of the ultrasound pathology on the right side (OR 4.7. 95% CI 1.9-11.9) were positively associated with adnexal torsion, while ultrasound findings suggestive of hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.008-0.2) were negatively associated with adnexal torsion. By combining these eight parameters, the ROC curve was calculated, yielding an area under the curve of 0.93, 95% CI 0.90-0.97 (p < 0.0001)., Conclusion: Routine clinical, laboratory and grayscale ultrasound findings may be incorporated into the emergency room workup of women with suspected adnexal torsion. Laparoscopy should be considered in all patients with suspected adnexal torsion.

We report the first case of bilateral adnexal torsion complicated by concomitant entanglement of both adnexas. The clinical presenting symptoms and signs were similar to those described in unilateral adnexal torsion without adnexal entanglement. The final diagnosis was established by diagnostic laparoscopy, and aspiration of one of the ovarian cysts was required to disentangle the adnexas.

Study Objective: To compare the prevalence, presentation diagnostic modalities, and management of 37 ovarian pregnancies in one institution during two time periods., Design: A retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2)., Setting: Department of Gynecology in a university-affiliated hospital., Patients: Twenty patients with ovarian pregnancy between 1971-1989 compared with 17 patients with ovarian pregnancy between 1990-2000., Measurements and Main Results: Seventeen ovarian pregnancies, diagnosed between 1990-2000, comprised 2.6% (17/634) of all ectopic pregnancies, 1:3500 of all live births leading to a mean ovarian pregnancy rate per year of 1.5, as opposed to 3.1% (20/647) of all ectopic pregnancies, 1:3600 of all live births, and a mean ovarian pregnancy rate per year of 1.1 in the previous period. Circulatory collapse was present in 4/17 (23%) patients in the 1990-2000 time period and in 6/20 (30%) in the previous period. Culdocentesis for diagnostic purposes was practically abandoned in the recent decade. Wedge resection by laparotomy was the treatment of choice in the past, and after 1997, it was performed exclusively by laparoscopy. When an ovarian pregnancy was diagnosed, an intrauterine device (IUD) was present in 65% of all patients and in 73% of women who had previously conceived in the 1999-2000 time period, compared with higher rates in the previous period (90% and 100%, respectively)., Conclusion: The absolute number of ovarian pregnancies in the last 11 years increased when compared with the previous 19 years; however, the prevalence rate per delivery was stable. Patients still experienced circulatory collapse despite modern diagnostic modalities. Culdocentesis for diagnostic purposes has become an unnecessary procedure. Laparoscopic wedge resection was the treatment of choice. The relationship between IUD use and ovarian pregnancies was still strong.

We report a rare clinical case of recurrent isolated torsion of the Fallopian tube. An 18 year old woman presented with acute right lower quadrant pain, nausea and vomiting. Torsion of the Fallopian tube was detected by laparoscopy and detorsion was performed. Two years later, a second similar episode of pelvic pain recurred. Having in mind the first episode, diagnosis was facilitated and detorsion was performed in accordance with the patient's wishes. However, the dilemma of ideal management of recurrent cases of torsion of the same tube remains open for discussion. The possibility of torsion of the Fallopian tube and recurrent torsion of the tube, although rare, should be considered in any patient with acute onset of lower abdominal pain.

Objective: Our goal was to determine whether laparoscopic salpingostomy is preferable to laparoscopic methotrexate injection in the management of unruptured tubal gestation., Study Design: Forty-eight patients with unruptured tubal pregnancy were prospectively randomized to either laparoscopic salpingostomy or laparoscopic local methotrexate injection in a university medical center. Operation time, duration of hospital stay, decrease in levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, and fertility outcome were compared between the two groups., Results: The salpingostomy group had a longer operative time (p < 0.0001) but a shorter hospital stay (p < 0.01) and a lower incidence of persistent trophoblastic activity (5% vs 14%), although this difference did not reach statistical significance. The time interval until beta-human chorionic gonadotropin disappearance was similar (13.9 and 13.7 days), and the subsequent intrauterine pregnancy rate was similar in the two groups (83.5% and 81%). One repeat tubal pregnancy occurred in the salpingostomy group., Conclusions: Both these methods of conservative management are equally effective and each one has its merits.

Interstitial pregnancy has been treated so far mainly by either resection of the cornu or hysterectomy. In this article, two patients with cornual pregnancy were operated upon laparoscopically with an uneventful postoperative recovery. This laparoscopic treatment is simple, does not require extensive operative laparoscopic expertise, and is relatively short and less expensive than laparotomy. We suggest that laparoscopic conservative repair be used to replace cornual resection by laparotomy or hysterectomy in cases of early diagnosed interstitial pregnancy.

Between January 1984 and August 1991, 511 cases of extrauterine pregnancies were diagnosed by laparoscopy in our department. In 374 cases salpingectomy was performed: 184 by explorative laparotomy, and 190 by operative laparoscopy. Patients were scheduled for salpingectomy if one or more of the following criteria were fulfilled: (i) a ruptured tube which was surgically unsuitable for conservation; (ii) no interest in future fertility; (iii) tubes with ectopic gestation previously operated on; (iv) a previous tubal pregnancy on the same side, which was treated expectantly. Salpingectomy was performed via operative laparoscopy with bipolar diathermy forceps and laparoscopic scissors. Pregnancy rates, i.e. intra-uterine and repeat extra-uterine, were evaluated. The reproductive performance following salpingectomy did not differ significantly, whether by laparotomy or laparoscopy: the intra-uterine pregnancy rate was 78 and 64%, respectively and the repeat ectopic pregnancy rate was 12 and 6%, respectively. Salpingectomy via laparoscopy can be performed safely with a low incidence of complications, with subsequent reproductive performance comparable to laparotomy.

The article examines investigates whether the process of the torsion of normal adnexa as a rare event involving steadily increasing congestion and ischemia of the ovary may be characterized by sonographic features. The results indicate that the recognition fo the different sonographic features of twisted normal adnex may assist in the correct diagnosis of patients.