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Nanotechnology becomes the most interesting area for researchers from last two decades. There are several methods to synthesis nanoparticles but the use of green method for synthesis reduces or eliminates the generation of hazardous byproducts. Green synthesis method is environment friendly alternative to conventional synthesis techniques. Green chemistry is about reducing risk, energy, environmental impact, hazard, cost, materials and waste. The green method or biological method involves the use of microorganisms, plants etc. for synthesis of nanoparticles. In our present research work we use Murraya koenigii leaves powder extract as reducing and capping agent. Plant sources containing the phytoconstituents viz., Tannins, Alkaloids, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Citric acid etc. Metallic and metal oxides nanoparticles of various shapes, sizes, contents and physicochemical properties can be synthesized using green synthesis method. The synthesized Iron oxide Nanoparticles were characterized be different analytical techniques. The surface morphology revealed by SEM, elemental composition by EDX, Different functional groups revealed by FTIR spectroscopy and particle size measured by particle size analyzer.

TV repairing is the process of fixing problems with television sets in order to restore their functionality. This can involve diagnosing the issue, sourcing replacement parts, and performing the necessary repairs to fix the problem. Some common issues that require repair include broken screens, power problems, faulty components, and audio issues. TV repairing is typically performed by trained technicians, who use specialized tools and equipment to diagnose and repair the issue. The future of TV repairing will be shaped by advancements in technology, changes in consumer behavior, and the growing demand for more convenient and efficient repair services. Television repair is the process of troubleshooting and fixing issues with malfunctioning televisions. The process of repairing a TV involves a range of skills and expertise, including knowledge of electronic circuitry, digital signal processing, and mechanical repairs. To begin the process of repairing a TV, a technician will first need to diagnose the problem with the device, which may involve running tests and examining the circuitry. Once the problem has been identified, the technician will need to source the necessary parts and components and perform the required repairs. The repair process may involve replacing faulty components, repairing broken connections, or updating software to fix bugs or glitches. With the right skills and experience, many common TV problems can be resolved quickly and effectively, restoring the device to full functionality. TVs are an essential appliance in modern households, and like any other electronic device, they can malfunction and require repair.

In a timely world, there is an active development and global implementation of energy-saving technologies, the task of which is to minimize the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment. A massive impact that disrupts the ecological balance of the Earth is exerted by the widespread use of processed hydrocarbon raw materials. It is for this reason that the rational use of fuel and energy resources is a priority for development. In this regard, optimization of the processing of used synthetic and mineral oils is an urgent task.The paper shows the possibility of using wave action at the preliminary stage of purification of waste petroleum oils. The objects and methods used for the study are presented. The results of studies are presented, on the basis of which the conditions for coagulation were identified, under which the best effect of the process is achieved, data are also given on the influence of a constant magnetic field and ultrasonic exposure on the degree of purification of used oils from mechanical impurities.

The oil of some fields is characterized by a high content of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans significantly reducing the commercial product quality, besides, due to their high corrosion activity, contribute to emergencies. The oil refining method used at these fields, due to necessity of acid-base effluents neutralizing and the ingress of reaction products into commercial oil, requires adjustment. The article discusses the known physical and chemical methods of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans removal from oil indicating their advantages and disadvantages. Among the first ones are technologies based on the extraction of undesirable components due to oil separation, rectification or blowing-off. Chemical methods of hydrogen sulfide extraction from well products are based on its extraction with solutions of chemical reagents – hydrogen sulfide absorbers. The most promising among the considered technologies, in our opinion, is the method based on oil blowing-off with hydrocarbon gas. In this technology, the oil extraction from hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans is carried out by passing associated petroleum gas previously purified from hydrogen sulfide through the volume of oil in a column-type apparatus. One of the main advantages of the chosen method is the possibility of associated petroleum gas purification, which also guarantees a reduction in the probability of emergencies, since gas purified from hydrogen sulfide moves through gas pipelines.

The need to increase the depth of processing of petroleum and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials entails the need for qualified processing of residual products in order to use them more efficiently. This paper shows the role of the delayed coking unit in the processing of heavy oil residues and the deepening of oil refining, as well as the state of the global and Russian market for coke production and consumption. The analysis of various heavy oil residues according to the initial physico-chemical characteristics is carried out. The material balances of coking at the laboratory installation of both individual heavy oil residues and raw mixtures have been compiled. Graphical dependences of the output of coking products on the ratio of the initial components of raw materials are established and constructed. A number of promising areas of research for further improvement of the process are identified. The obtained data can be used in production planning in order to select the optimal composition of the raw material pool, the raw materials of the refinery as a whole, and the quality requirements of the products obtained.

In this short article we publish, with translations, a macaronic Hebrew cum Middle Greek religious poem, accompanied by a refrain in Ottoman Turkish, all written in Hebrew characters and fully vocalized. The text comes from a Karaite prayerbook printed in Venice in 1528 on behalf of the Constantinople Karaite community. This poem and its origins played a role in different manipulations of Karaite identities and history during the 19th and 20th centuries.

This article examines the problem of an emergency situation at work. The main causes of accidents at zeolite production facilities are described. The aim of the work is to improve the efficiency of the industrial safety and labor protection management system at the facility by analyzing incidents, identifying causes and systemic violations, finding solutions to prevent and eliminate such situations. In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were set: analysis of accidents, incidents and incidents at the considered and similar facilities, systematization and detailed analysis of technical and organizational causes and systemic violations leading to the occurrence of accidents. Based on the analysis, make recommendations on improving the effectiveness of measures to ensure industrial safety and labor protection at the facility.After analyzing a number of emergencies, it is possible to identify the causes and systemic violations. All the reasons can be divided into two groups: organizational and technical. As a result of a systematic analysis of the causes of emergencies, the primary sources of its occurrence were identified for each group of causes, and areas of activity were proposed, as a result of which, in the case of their effective application, the number of accidents significantly decreases, and the indicators of safe work at facilities increase. The main conclusions of the work: 1. it is necessary to modernize production with the involvement of financing for the renewal of outdated equipment; 2. pay special attention to the selection of qualified personnel, their training and motivation; 3. effective and high-quality management of human resources, together with the involvement of funding sources to solve technical problems, will, in our opinion, ensure an acceptable level of security. The practical significance of the work done lies in the implementation of the proposed measures to improve the efficiency of industrial safety and labor protection management.

One of the urgent problems at oil-producing enterprises is the increase in man-made accidents and catastrophes caused by explosions of various oil and gas equipment, including tanks storing explosive, toxic petroleum products and raw materials.This article analyzes the accident statistics at oil and gas enterprises for the period 1953–2022. The main share of accidents belongs to ground tanks with storage of petroleum products. The main cause of accidents on tanks are poor-quality welds. The fire risk of the tank farm has been calculated, namely, an assessment of the individual and potential risk of the tank farm territory has been made. The calculation of forces and means for tank extinguishing has been carried out.

The authors have analyzed the literature data on delayed coking process. There have been considered the following: feedstock bases for petroleum coke production; implementation and development of delayed coking process; the types of products obtained. It has been revealed, that the main feedstocks for the process are heavy fractions of oil: fuel oil, semihudron, tar, various heavy oil residues, etc.In order to expand the feedstock base, the authors conducted laboratory studies concerning the use of visbreaking residue and catalytic cracking heavy gas oil in the coking process. During the research: raw materials (visbreaking residue and catalytic cracking heavy gas oil) were analyzed; the coking process was carried out; the results of obtaining petroleum coke from visbreaking residue and catalytic cracking heavy gas oil were compared.It has been proved that visbreaking residue and catalytic cracking heavy gas oil can be involved in the process of delayed coking. It has been revealed that the best option for obtaining coking products is precisely catalytic cracking heavy gas oil.

Every year, the scale of oil development in the Russian Federation is growing. A third of the hydrocarbons produced are in the offshore zone. In Russia, offshore oil production takes place in the Okhotsk, Baltic, Caspian and Pechora Seas. Oil production in a pipeline is a technologically complex process, thereby increasing the relevance of creating safe processes for the production, transportation and processing of petroleum products.If safety precautions are neglected, annual diagnostic and repair work is ignored, factors may arise that provoke the occurrence of man-made accidents leading to natural disasters. The consequences of accidental oil spills lead to the destruction of flora and fauna in the environment. For the complete elimination of an oil spill, considerable economic, technological and time resources are required.An offshore oil spill results in the formation of submerged jets that spread hydrocarbons into the surrounding fluid. Predicting the behavior of this submerged jet, it is possible to accelerate the process of oil spill response.The paper considers the problem of formation of a damaged source of oil products. This source could be formed as a result of oil pipeline damage. According to the condition of the problem, this source is located at the bottom of the reservoir and has the following thermophysical characteristics: oil volume flow, temperature, density, etc. The problem considers the characteristics of the medium, which are characterized by a small depth of the oil pipeline, so the formation of hydrate is not taken into account.To solve the problem, the integral Lagrangian control volumes method (ILCVM) is used. According to this method, the submerged jet is considered as a sequence of cylindrical control volumes, which have their own characteristics, such as radius, height, density, liquid content ratio, temperature, velocity, etc. Depending on the movement of the control volume, the above parameters are recalculated. This submerged jet is also affected by the characteristics of the environment: liquid temperature, water salinity, and the presence of an undercurrent.As a result of using ILCVM, a mathematical model that contains the equations of conservation of momentum, mass and energy was built For the accuracy of the model, the parameter of the involvement of the surrounding fluid in the jet is considered in detail. Based on the mathematical model, calculations were carried out for various formats of water entrainment in the jet for cases of oil spills. Graphs were constructed to identify the dependencies of the thermophysical characteristics.

The problem of mineral salt deposition is one of the most significant in the operation of oil fields. Salt deposits can lead to production downtime, an emergency situation and serious threat to personnel safety. To date, there are various methods of salt formation preventing. Chemical protection methods using inhibitors have become the most widespread. Despite the successes in the application of this type of protection, the accident rate remains at a high level. In this regard, the inhibitory protection effectiveness increasing remains relevant.The article suggests the use of citric acid (CA) as a co-inhibitor of salt deposits. The purpose of this work is to study the effectiveness of citric acid usage to prevent salt deposit formation and increase the level of industrial safety of oilfield equipment.This article describes a new method of combating salt deposits and presents the results of experimental studies to assess the citric acid effect on the salt deposition inhibitor (SDI) effectiveness. SDIs have been tested for their ability to prevent the salt formation. The ISO effectiveness was determined by the trilonometric method. It has been shown that one of the inhibitors in the dosage range of 30–100 g/t has extremely low protective properties, but with the citric acid addition, its effectiveness has increased. The best results of the protective effect of 75 % were achieved using citric acid and the second inhibitor.According to laboratory test results, a positive effect of citric acid on the inhibitor effectiveness was revealed. It has been experimentally proved that citric acid can be used to protect oilfield equipment from salt deposits.

The destruction of petrochemical production equipment caused by acid corrosion is one of the main environmental problems the oil refining industry is facing with. Metal corrosion, including corrosive destruction of metal structures: pipelines, tanks, reactors and so on, can cause their functionality decrease, as well as emergency situations with spills of aggressive and biologically hazardous liquids and gases, which will lead to a local increase in environmental pollution. A promising method to protect structural steel from acid corrosion is the use of corrosion inhibitors. The paper considers the impact of corrosion effects on environmental pollution. A corrosion inhibitor based on fatty acids obtained from rapeseed and sunflower oils and monoethanolamine, diethanolamine was obtained. The anticorrosive properties of the obtained substances are investigated.

Materials from natural raw materials are always of great demand in the sphere of construction, both large-sized structures and the smallest decoration elements. Regardless of the area of use, wood needs to be processed, whether it is protection from excessive heat and possible sources of ignition, protection from biological influences, including natural conditions, or processing in order to give an object aesthetic features, or create interior compositions. Each type of coating – enamel or paint – has a number of individual characteristics. The aim of research is to identify the relationship between the special fire-retardant paint «Pirex», which provides the first fire protection group, and general-purpose wood paint «Luxart» without a certificate of belonging to one or another fire group security. Referring to State Standard R 53292-2009, which is the basis of the research, wood samples were treated with potential fire protection, after which conclusions were presented on the effectiveness of all tests. In addition to examining the difference between fire retardant paint and general purpose paint, the effect of applied agent layers on the fire retardant properties of wood was investigated. The results of the studies carried out allow us to draw conclusions about each method of applying paint and to identify correlation dependences for each paint on the number of coating layers.

Recycling of recycled polymer raw materials, in particular PVC waste, is undoubtedly one of the key components of the modern world. A significant place among PVC-based waste is occupied by linoleum, foam, laminated wallpaper, sanitary PVC pipes, artificial leather for haberdashery and technical purposes, agricultural and insulating films, PVC hoses, containers, used packaging. Currently, there are no effective ways to recycle them, so most of the waste is disposed or incinerated.This article shows the possibility of using dispersed powder materials obtained by high-temperature shear grinding of waste from the production of polyvinyl chloride materials. The design of a rotary dispersant for carrying out the process of high-temperature shear grinding of polymer products is considered.It has been established that in the process of waste PVC material recycling simultaneously with the process of high-temperature shear grinding, it is possible to modify the polymer material by introducing 1–3 wt. fr. of metal-containing heat stabilizers and 10–30 wt. fr. of plasticizers into the feedstock. This leads to an increase in the thermal stability margin by 15–50 min and an improvement in the flow rate of the melt processed together with ester plasticizers of the material by 20–35 %, as well as an improvement in the manufacturability of the dispersion process.The conducted research suggests an economically and environmentally beneficial possibility of recycling polyvinyl chloride materials, and opens up ways to create technological schemes closed in material and energy flows.

The influence of quartz content (silicon dioxide) on the main physical-mechanical properties of composites based on polypropylene is considered. It is shown that the loading of a compatibilizer – a copolymer of polypropylene with maleic anhydride – into the composition of the composite improves the properties and compatibility of the mixed components of the mixture. Properties such as ultimate tensile stress, tensile yield strength, elongation at break, Vicat softening temperature and melt flow index were studied. The use of synthesized polyethylene wax as a plasticizer made it possible to significantly improve the deformability of highly filled composites. The quartz concentration was varied within 5.0–25 % wt., and the plasticizer concentration was 1.0–3.0 % wt. The method of thermomechanical studies shows the patterns of change in thermomechanical curves in the temperature range of 20–250 °C, depending on the concentration of quartz, plasticizer and vulcanizing agent. The complex of studies carried out has opened up new possibilities for strengthening composites and increasing their Vicat softening temperature.

The oil and gas industry is one of the most important branches of the national economy. It differs from other branches of the fuel and energy complex in high capital investments and long construction and operation periods. One of the main tasks in gas industry enterprise management is the most efficient use of capital investments, which requires the adoption of informed decisions in oil and gas asset management. Gas industry enterprises include a large number of hazardous production facilities, accidents and incidents at which are the most dangerous for both personnel and population in general, as well as for the industry companies themselves. Emergencies at facilities can lead to financial and reputational losses, as well as damage the health and life of people and the environment. Therefore, the issue of planning measures for prevention, as well as localization and elimination of the accident consequences, is considered one of the priorities.The presence of video surveillance at production facilities is an integral part of an integrated security system. High-quality video surveillance helps to identify deviations in automated processes in a timely manner and take measures to eliminate failures and violations. Timely and rapid response to emergency situations prevents the occurrence of an accident, as well as prevents socio-economic damage.The authors have conducted many studies in the sphere of analysis of the organization of localization and liquidation of emergency situations and the effectiveness of personnel response in emergency situations at hazardous production facilities. Besides, studies of video surveillance systems in Gazprom UGS LLC branches – Departments of Emergency Recovery and Well Overhaul – have been conducted. Gazprom UGS LLC is the only operator of 23 underground gas storage facilities on the territory of the Russian Federation. Most of the Company's production facilities are located at a considerable distance from settlements and other infrastructure facilities, which increases the response time to emergency situations, and as a result, may lead to an emergency situation. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly control and monitor the integrity of the system. The authors have made conclusions about the need to improve existing video surveillance systems and expand their use at other branches of the Company.

O objetivo deste Texto para Discussão foi estimar a prevalência de estupro e sua taxa de atrito nos sistemas de saúde e policial. Para isso, analisamos inicialmente diferentes bases de dados com cobertura nacional sobre o fenômeno no Brasil, tomando como referência para comparação o ano de 2019. A partir de uma análise conjunta da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (PNS/IBGE) e do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Ministério da Saúde (Sinan/MS), fizemos um cálculo aproximado dessa prevalência. Concluímos que o limite inferior do número de estupros no país se situaria num patamar de 822 mil casos por ano, o que corresponderia à ocorrência de quase dois casos por minuto no Brasil. A partir desse número, foi possível estimar que apenas 8,5% dos estupros estão sendo identificados pela polícia e 4,2% pelos sistemas de informação da saúde.

Despite an increasing scholarly interest in doctors’ behaviour in online settings, doctors’ epistemic behaviour (i.e. how doctor employs discursive practices to deal with their side and patients’ side knowledge) in online medical consultation (OMC) is still underexplored in research. Drawing on 300 highly rated OMC cases retrieved from dxy.com, a well-known digital health consulting platform in China, this study explores how Chinese pediatricians discursively deploy different types of epistemic behaviour in OMC settings. Data analyses yield three typical types of epistemic behaviour by Chinese pediatricians: strengthening epistemic primacy, mitigating epistemic certainty and showing concerns about parents’ epistemic domain. It is argued that pediatricians conduct epistemic behaviour to win parents’ perceptions of their trustworthiness. The three types of epistemic behaviour are targeted at the three dimensions of trustworthiness – ability, integrity, and benevolence. This study could yield insightful suggestions for online doctors’ strategic choice of discursive practices to promote a trusting doctor–patient relationship and harmonious consulting atmosphere in e-health activities.

To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting the world for three years, and it has greatly impacted the service industry, especially the hotel and the catering industries, which were the first to bear the brunt, as the pandemic changed the previous living habits and consumption patterns of many consumers. This study used in-depth interviews in qualitative research methods to conduct exploratory research of these two service industries and analyzed the changes in marketing environments and consumer behaviors faced by enterprises under this pandemic. The research results show that there were significant impacts and changes in the marketing macroenvironment (political, economic, social and cultural, and technological) and microenvironment (suppliers, competitors, and customers). Meanwhile, this study also put forward possible business opportunities for and threats to enterprises due to this pandemic. Finally, this study proposes strategic marketing implications and practical management suggestions for enterprises to adjust market segmentation and positioning. Furthermore, this study formulates the 7P marketing strategies of Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Physical Evidence, and Process to mitigate the adverse impacts of the pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, Marketing strategy, Online merge with offline, Hotel industry, Online travel agent.

This study examines the interactional functions of an evidential marker -tay in the Korean language. Despite the frequent use of -tay in everyday interactions, the role of this marker in spoken communication has not been sufficiently explored, compared to other Korean quotative expressions. By analysing telephone conversations, this study shows that -tay conveys not only another’s utterances but also indicates interaction-oriented functions in various contexts: as a marker of presenting evidence, detailing context in telling a story and introducing a new topic. In addition, this paper will discuss how speakers use this marker to facilitate interaction with hearers by incorporating multiple voices into spoken discourse and creating new meanings, including the “voice” of a third party and also speakers’ own “metamessages”.

This study considers the use of the multivalent casual Korean lexical item ya in a Korean television drama. Meanings of ya include “hey” and “oh!” and ya can convey a variety of affective connotations ranging from anger to romantic teasing depending on context and intonational contours. Exploring patterns of use of ya, this study highlights how the differences in intonational contour and choice of addressee are linked to valences of “forcefulness” and “failed forcefulness” that are implicated in the construction and performance of diverse youth-associated gendered styles. It argues that heteronormatively desirable masculine and feminine styles are constructed through the strategic use and non-use of ya. Specifically, romantically desirable femininity relies on the performance of failed forcefulness that creates opportunities for masculine-marked performances of paternal care.

In this article, I explore how the Chinese-language construction Ni yiwei +X? (Do you think X?) is used as a rhetorical question in interpersonal interactions, which has been overlooked in the literature. I analysed 1,071 interpersonal interactions drawn from the Center for Chinese Linguistics corpus to examine the recurrent rhetorical uses of this construction. The results have revealed that Ni yiwei +X? has a conventionalised role in realising a range of relational acts dominated by expressives (including disagreeing, complaining and belittling), in the contexts where intersubjective or relational discrepancies have been invoked between interactants. Embracing the perspective of metapragmatics, I indicate that the rhetorical question Ni yiwei +X? arguably constitutes a case of metarepresentation where a thought explicitly attributed to the recipient is further embedded within a negative attitude expressed by the speaker towards the attributed thought. It is thus suggested that the rhetorical use of Ni yiwei +X? could be indicative of speakers’ metarepresentational awareness of the intentional states of both self and others, and hence their efforts to counter the relevant problematic situations, by tactfully holding the recipients accountable for the problems.

The present study investigated the use of strategies by Chinese learners of English and English learners of Chinese in making requests in both Chinese and English. Three factors affecting request strategies were also examined, including social power, social distance and degree of imposition. A total of 12 Chinese-speaking and 12 English-speaking students were recruited to complete Chinese and English versions of an oral discourse completion task (ODCT). Request behaviour was examined in both the subjects’ native and non-native languages. The results show that the learner and native speaker groups performed differently in making Chinese requests but employed comparable strategies in making English requests. Moreover, social distance was found to be more influential than social power and degree of imposition in making Chinese requests. However, the influence of these factors was similar in making English requests. The findings suggest that it was easier for the learners of Chinese to master English requests than for the learners of English to acquire Chinese requests.

Pragmatics: The BasicsBilly Clark (2022)Routledge Press

This paper examines the concept of life in the historiographical work of Spyridon Zambelios. Through a comparative reading with Hegel, it argues that the organicist philosophical background of Zambelios’ national narrative is double-edged: on the one hand, life is linked to infinity in ways that lead to a redefinition of Zambelios’ central notion of national ‘ὁλομέλεια’. On the other, Spirit's immersion in natural life creates complications, which, as in Hegel, place the ‘transition’ from one historical period to the next under the auspices of death, and, in the final analysis, yield a notion, not of infinite, but of a ‘weak’ life which undermines the national narrative from within.

Francis Noel-Baker (1920–2009) was an English Philhellene politician and self-proclaimed benevolent landowner in Euboea whose relationship in his later years with Greek governments and people descended into acrimony and litigation. This stemmed from the decision he took to effectively become an apologist for the military junta which seized power in Athens between 1967 and 1974. This was despite London being a centre for Greek resistance-in-exile, the opposition to the regime shown by many of his fellow MPs and Labour Party colleagues, and his own earlier left-wing sympathies, including his support for the communist-backed partisans in Greece during the Second World War. Noel-Baker's advocacy of the Colonels reflected not merely political reality and economic expediency, as with the similar stance of the British government, but stemmed from his outdated convictions that Greece required saving from international communism and internal weakness.

To Professor Roderick Beaton, an ever-caring supervisor and mentor Edward Frederic (‘Fred’) Benson (1867-1940),* the well-known English author, spent the greater part of the 1890s in Greece in various capacities. The aim of the present paper is to examine his relations with Greece: his activities during his stay, his literary output on Greece and its reception both in England and Greece, and the representation of Greece in the first three volumes of his autobiographical reminiscences Our Family Affairs 1867-1896 (1920), Mother (1925) and As We Were. A Victorian Peep-Show (1930).